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    Tle 9

    Uploaded by

    Lilian Laurel Cariquitan
    A fluorescent lamp consists of a glass tube coated with phosphor containing mercury vapor and inert gases. When electric current is passed through the tube, it causes the mercury vapor to emit ultraviolet light that excites the phosphor coating, producing visible light. A fluorescent lamp fixture includes the fluorescent tube, a ballast to provide high voltage for starting and limit current flow, and a starter to provide the initial high voltage pulse. The ballast induces a voltage kick to strike an arc across the lamp when the starter opens, causing it to light. Fluorescent lamps are more efficient than incandescent, produce cooler light, and have a longer lifespan, but have higher initial costs and require ballasts to operate.

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    Tle 9

    Uploaded by

    Lilian Laurel Cariquitan
    1K views3 pages
    A fluorescent lamp consists of a glass tube coated with phosphor containing mercury vapor and inert gases. When electric current is passed through the tube, it causes the mercury vapor to emit ultraviolet light that excites the phosphor coating, producing visible light. A fluorescent lamp fixture includes the fluorescent tube, a ballast to provide high voltage for starting and limit current flow, and a starter to provide the initial high voltage pulse. The ballast induces a voltage kick to strike an arc across the lamp when the starter opens, causing it to light. Fluorescent lamps are more efficient than incandescent, produce cooler light, and have a longer lifespan, but have higher initial costs and require ballasts to operate.

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    TLE 9

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    A fluorescent lamp consists of a glass tube coated with phosphor containing mercury vapor and inert gases. When electric current is passed through the tube, it causes the mercury vapor to emit ultraviolet light that excites the phosphor coating, producing visible light. A fluorescent lamp fixture includes the fluorescent tube, a ballast to provide high voltage for starting and limit current flow, and a starter to provide the initial high voltage pulse. The ballast induces a voltage kick to strike an arc across the lamp when the starter opens, causing it to light. Fluorescent lamps are more efficient than incandescent, produce cooler light, and have a longer lifespan, but have higher initial costs and require ballasts to operate.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    1K views3 pages

    Tle 9

    Uploaded by

    Lilian Laurel Cariquitan
    A fluorescent lamp consists of a glass tube coated with phosphor containing mercury vapor and inert gases. When electric current is passed through the tube, it causes the mercury vapor to emit ultraviolet light that excites the phosphor coating, producing visible light. A fluorescent lamp fixture includes the fluorescent tube, a ballast to provide high voltage for starting and limit current flow, and a starter to provide the initial high voltage pulse. The ballast induces a voltage kick to strike an arc across the lamp when the starter opens, causing it to light. Fluorescent lamps are more efficient than incandescent, produce cooler light, and have a longer lifespan, but have higher initial costs and require ballasts to operate.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    TLE 9 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION & MAINTENANCE NC II

    ELECTRIC DISCHARGE LIGHTING SYSTEM


    FLUORESCENT LAMP
    Electric Discharge current/ electricity that does not flow in a conductor.
    THEORIES / PRINCIPLE:
    A fluorescent lamp is a form of electric discharge lighting source. It consist of a glass tube containing
    mercury vapor at a low pressure and inert gases like argon and krypton. The interior is coated with
    phosphor, which glows or fluoresces when exposed to ultra violet light. Coating the inner surface of the
    glass tube with different phosphors make it possible to obtain light corresponding to the type of the
    phosphor coating. There are several types of electric discharge lamps which are classified according to the
    kind of electrode used.
    1. Cold Cathode Lamp - requires high voltage in its operation. This lamp has electrode made of thin type
    iron. It is not pre- heated and does not require a starter for starting. It is operated by a special high voltage
    transformer.
    Examples of Cold Cathode lamps: Neon lamps and Mercury lamps
    2. Hot Cathode Lamp requires starter ( glow switch ) and is preheated during starting. It uses a ballast
    to produce high voltage to start the lamp into operation and to limit the flow of current. This fluorescent
    lamp which is commonly used for general lighting system is one of the hot cathode type.
    A fluorescent lamp fixture consist of several parts which are listed and describe below:
    1. Fluorescent tube is a circular or tubular tube containing mercury vapor and inert gas with phosphor
    coating inside.
    Types of fluorescent lamp : tubular & circular
    Wattage Rating ( Tubular ):
    8 watts lamp & 10 watts lamp --- use 10 watts ballast
    18 watts lamp & 20 watts lamp ----use 20
    watts ballast
    36 watts lamp , 40 watts lamp & 38 watts lamp ----- use 40 watts ballast
    2. Ballast is an induction coil which produces high voltage to start the lamp into operation. It also limits
    the flow of current during the operation of the lamp. It also consumes power which is about 10% 20% of
    the power consumed by the lamp itself.
    Induce process of increasing voltage.
    3. Starter - is a glow switch that opened and closed the circuit so as to produce high voltage or inductive
    kick across the filament during the starting period. It has a bi metallic element that when it feels heat, it
    will open.
    Two Types of Fluorescent Starter
    FS 20 for 20 W fluorescent lamp & FS 40 for 40 W fluorescent lamp
    4. Lamp Holder & Starter Socket are points of connection of the fluorescent tube and the starter.
    5. Frame is the metal housing of the whole fixture.
    PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
    The first step in the ballast starting sequence of a fluorescent lamp is to preheat the cathodes. The
    current heats the cathodes until they boil off clouds of electrons. Initially, the starter is at close position
    to allow complete circuit for current to flow.
    When the cathode had heated up, the starter opens. The magnetic field of the ballast collapses. This action
    generated an inductive voltage kick which strikes an arc across the lamp, causing it to light.
    Characteristics of Fluorescent Lighting
    Advantages:
    1. Highly efficient supplies four times as much light as incandescent lamp of the same wattage.
    2. Available in types to supply variety of colors
    3. Produce cooler illumination. It is possible to keep a hand on the tube during normal operation.
    4. Produces distributed light which is less injurious to the eye.
    5. Expected life is up to seven times more than incandescent lamps.
    Disadvantages:
    1. Initial cost is greater.
    2. Starts with flickering light.
    3. Operates at low power factor.

    IDENTIFYING GOOD OR BAD FLUORESCENT STARTER


    INDICATOR
    CAUSES
    REMARKS
    No Light
    Open circuit
    Bad
    Dim light / steady
    Short circuit
    Bad
    Flickering light
    Conditioned
    Good

    INDICATOR
    No Light
    Normal Light
    Dimmed Light

    IDENTIFYING GOOD OR BAD BALLAST


    CAUSES
    Open circuit
    Short circuit
    Conditioned

    IDENTIFYING GOOD OR BAD FLUORESCENT TUBE


    INDICATOR
    CAUSES
    No deflection
    Open cathode
    Full deflection
    Short circuit
    30 ohms 50 ohms
    Conditioned

    REMARKS
    Bad
    Bad
    Good

    REMARKS
    Bad
    Bad
    Good

    TROUBLESHOOTING CHART FOR FLUORESCENT LAMPS


    SYMPTOMS
    CAUSES
    REMEDIES
    1. Flashing On & OFF
    - End of Life ( If old Lamp )
    - Replace lamp
    - Possible fault of lamp holder
    - Replace lamp holders. If blinking
    continues, investigate further
    - Faulty starter
    - Replace starter
    - Low ballast rating
    - Check ballast and replace
    ballast if necessary
    - Low circuit voltage
    - Check voltage and correct if
    - Loose contacts
    possible
    - See that lamps are securely
    fitted and holders rigidly mounted
    2. No Starting Effort or Slow
    Starting

    - End of life
    - Defective starter
    - Incorrect wiring
    -

    Low line voltage


    Air leak in lamp
    Low ballast rating
    Open electrode circuit
    Possible open circuit

    - Replace lamp
    - Replace starter
    - Check wiring and make proper
    connection
    - Check voltage and correct if
    possible
    - Replace lamp
    - Check ballast and replace
    - Replace lamp
    - Test lamp in other circuit

    3. End of lamp remain lighted

    - Faulty starter
    - Incorrect wiring
    - Low ballast rating

    - Replace starter
    - Make proper connections
    - Replace ballast

    4. Flicker, swirl, flutter

    - New lamps may flicker when


    first placed in service
    - End of life if old lamps
    - Defective starter
    - High voltage

    - Usually clears after short


    operation

    5. End blackening dense at one


    end or
    both

    End of life
    Defective starter
    High or low voltage
    Loose circuit

    - Improper ballast

    - Replace lamp
    - Replace starter
    - Check voltage and correct if
    possible
    - Replace lamp
    - Replace starter
    - Check voltage and correct if
    possible
    - See that lamps are securely
    fitted and holders rigidly mounted
    - Use approved ballast of correct
    rating

    6. Decrease light output

    - Low circuit voltage


    - Dust , dirt on lamps, fixtures,
    walls

    - Check voltage and correct if


    possible
    - Clean

    7. Radio Interference

    - radio too close to lamp

    - Move radio 9 10 ft. from lamp

    8. Noise from ballast

    - Slight hum is inherent

    - If objectionable, mount ballast in


    soft rubber
    - Replace ballast if too noisy

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