Matrix On The Theories On Human Development 2 PDF

Matrix on the
Theories on Human
Development
Compiled by Carl Angelo G. Angcana | EDUC 311 Child and Adolescent
Psychology
PSYCHOANALYTIC
THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT
1890s| BY SIGMUND FREUD
View of
Human
Nature
How the
mind is
organized.
Center of
Development
View of
Development
Stages of Development
Childhoods
awareness
and structure
model.
A therapy to
childhood
conflicts and
to resolve
unconscious
motivation to
an individual.
Oral Stage
The first stage that noticeable in
mouth, lips, tongue zone from first 18
months of life. The result of this stage
might reflect to the adults behaviour.
Anal Stage
From 18 months old. The main target of
this principle is on the anal of the child
as they are getting toilet training. He
also explained the fixation and
repression within this stage.
Phallic Stage
When a child reaches 6 years old
he/she
experiences
pleasurable
manner in the penis or clitoris and shall
came to Oedipus Complex: Penis Envy
to others; Castration Anxiety to the
Father
Latency Stage
As the child experiences puberty they
became uninterested to the opposite
sex for the mean time.
Genital Stage
Freuds
final
stage
of
sexual
development.
This
comes
with
erogenous feeling with the adult
genital regions and a must to
overcome by a childhood from the
previous stages for normal sexual
functions
2 | Midterm Requirement: Matrix on the theories in HD
Did you know?
Sigmund
Freud
is
and
Austrian
Neurologist and the one who proposed
Psychoanalytic/ Psychosexual Theory of
Human Development and is the first who
proposed stages in personality.
The Structural
Superego
Model: Id, Ego
and
ID: Seeks for pleasure

SUPEREGO: Develops values
EGO: Balances the Superego and ID
Mental ICEBERG
PSYCHOSOCIAL
BY ERIK ERIKSON
View of
Human
Nature
Man is a
social being
who is
shaped by
his
environment
through
social
interaction.
Center of
Development
View of
Development
Development
form Infancy
to Late
Adulthood
By Erikson he
said, that it
really
depends on
the success or
failure within
the stages of
development
he had been
proposed or
epigenetic
principle and
to social
context
Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy)

Developing social needs and learn to
others. They are developing a virtue of
Hope.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
From toddlerhood, he develops the
sense of freewill or regret if they failed
to develop. The Virtue is Freewill.
Initiative vs. Guilt (Early Childhood)
The child begins to imagine and
explore things he had been witness.
The virtue is Purpose
Industry vs. Inferiority (Middle
Childhood)
In this stage, an individual become
standardized and do things well. The
virtue is Competence
Identity vs. Role Confusion
In this stage, the adolescent develops
social identity and a personal identity.
The virtue is Fidelity
Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young
Adulthood)
The individual is developing love and
commitment to relationships. The
virtue is Love.
View of
Human
Nature
Man is a
social being
who is
shaped by
his
environment
through
social
interaction.
Center of
Development
View of
Development
Development
form Infancy
to Late
Adulthood
By Erikson he
said, that it
really
depends on
the success or
failure within
the stages of
development
he had been
proposed or
epigenetic
principle and
to social
context.
Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle

Adulthood)
A crisis that develops the interest or
care of an individual to the next
generation. The virtue is Care
Ego-integrity vs. Despair (Later
Adulthood)
The development centers on the
reflections of the previous stages. The
virtue is wisdom
Despair vs. Faith and Hope
The new stage by Joan Erikson. Refers
to the new sense of self over failing
bodies and need for care. The virtue is
wisdom
Did you know?
Erik Erikson was a follower of Sigmund Freud

but he broke his teachers theory and
creates a theory that relates social
interaction instead of the biological
perspectives.
COGNITIVE
BY JEAN PIAGET
View of
Human
Nature
His view of
how
childrens
minds work
and
develop
has been
enormously
influential,
particularly
in
education
Center of
Development
View of
Development
Piaget
concentrated
on changes
that occur in
the childs
mode of
thought.
Children
modify their
repertoire of
behaviours to
meet
environmental
need.
Sensorimotor Stage(0 12 years)

Children used to learn the principle of
object performance and able to
recognize the act by himself.
Pre-Operational Stage (2-7 years)
Children are used to identify symbols in
this stage.
Concrete Operational Stage (7-11
years)
This refers to the Children used to think
logically. They are able to conserve
mass, weight, number and other basic
measures.
Formal Operational Stage (11 older)
This refers to the Children that had a
greater ability than the previous
stages. Children can deal with abstract
thinking. The innermost issue within this
stage is not all Children older than 12
can think abstractly.
Did you know?
Jean Piaget was born in Switzerland in

1896 and began showing an interest in the
natural sciences at a very early age. By
age 11, he had already started his career
as a researcher by writing a short paper
on an albino sparrow.
Piaget provided support for the idea that
children think differently than adults and
his research identified several important
milestones in the mental development of
children. His work also generated interest
in
cognitive
and
developmental
psychology. Piaget's theories are widely
studied today by students of both
psychology and education.
MORAL
1958 | BY LAWRENCE KHOLBERG
View of Human
Center of
Nature
Development
Kohlberg
The notion
begins with is
that justice is
the view that
the essential
humans are
characteristic
inherently
of moral
communicative
reasoning.
and capable
of reason as
well as
possessing a
desire to
understand
others and the
world
around them.
View of
Development
Social and
Mental
Processes
involved in
moral
reasoning.
Pre-conventional Morality
Authority is outside the individual
and reasoning is based on the
physical consequences of actions.
Conventional Morality
Authority is internalized but not
questioned and reasoning is based
on the norms of the group to which
the person belongs.
Post Conventional Morality
Individual judgment is based on
self-chosen principles, and moral
reasoning is based on individual
rights and justice.
Did you know?
Lawrence Kohlberg was a psychologist

best known for his theory of stages of
moral development. He agreed the
theory of Jean Piaget but tries to
enhance it. He experimented by
interviewing the people about his moral
dilemma.
ECOLOGICAL
BY URIE BRONFENBRENNER
View of
Human
Nature
Human
development
is influenced
by the
different types
of
environmental
systems.
Center of
Development
View of
Development
Potentially
promoting
human health
and wellbeing of child
development.
The
ethological
theory focuses
on the impact
of biology on
human
behaviour,
while the
ecological
theory focuses
on the impact
that
environment
plays on the
growth and
development
of an
individual.
The microsystem (such as the family or

classroom);
The
mesosystem
(which
microsystems in interaction);
is
two
The exosystem (external environments

which indirectly influence development,
e.g., parental workplace);
The macrosystem (the larger sociocultural context).
The Chronosystem (the evolution of the
four other systems over time).
SOCIO-CULTURAL
BY LEV VIGOTSKY
View of
Center of
Human
Development
Nature
Vygotsky
Focuses not
believed that
only how
individual
adults and
development
peers
could not be
influence
understood
individual
without
learning, but
reference to
also on how
the social
cultural beliefs
and cultural
and attitudes
context
impact how
within which instruction and
such
learning take
development
place.
is embedded
View of
Development
The roles that

participation
in social
interactions
and culturally
organized
activities play
in influencing
psychological
development.
Did you know?
Sociocultural theory grew from the work of

seminal
psychologist Lev
Vygotsky,
who
believed that parents, caregivers, peers and
the culture at large were responsible for the
development of higher order functions.
According to Vygotsky, "Every function in the
child's cultural development appears twice: first,
on the social level, and later, on the individual
level; first, between people (interpsychological)
and then inside the child (intrapsychological). This applies equally to voluntary
attention, to logical memory, and to the formation of concepts. All the higher
functions originate as actual relationships between individuals."
The Zone of Proximal Development
An important concept in sociocultural theory is known as the zone of proximal
development. According to Vygotsky, the zone of proximal development "is the
distance between the actual development level as determined by
independent problem solving and the level of potential development as
determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration
with more capable peers." Essentially, it includes all of the knowledge and skills
that a person cannot yet understand or perform on their own yet, but is capable
of learning with guidance.
References:
http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/piaget.htm
http://www.simplypsychology.org/kohlberg.html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Kohlberg
http://psychology.about.com/od/developmentecourse/f/socioculturaltheory.htm
http://www.education.com/reference/article/sociocultural-theory/
Vygotskys Theory of Cognitive Development, Stoica, Retrieved from
http://www.slideshare.net/dtr200x/vygotskys-theory-of-cognitive-developmentpresentation

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Matrix on the

1890s| BY SIGMUND FREUD

2 | Midterm Requirement: Matrix on the theories in HD

Did you know?

Model: Id, Ego

ID: Seeks for pleasure

3 | Midterm Requirement: Matrix on the theories in HD

Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy)

4 | Midterm Requirement: Matrix on the theories in HD

Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle

Did you know?

Erik Erikson was a follower of Sigmund Freud

5 | Midterm Requirement: Matrix on the theories in HD

Sensorimotor Stage(0 12 years)

6 | Midterm Requirement: Matrix on the theories in HD

Did you know?

Jean Piaget was born in Switzerland in

7 | Midterm Requirement: Matrix on the theories in HD

1958 | BY LAWRENCE KHOLBERG

Did you know?

Lawrence Kohlberg was a psychologist

8 | Midterm Requirement: Matrix on the theories in HD

The microsystem (such as the family or

The exosystem (external environments

9 | Midterm Requirement: Matrix on the theories in HD

The roles that

Did you know?

Sociocultural theory grew from the work of

11 | Midterm Requirement: Matrix on the theories in HD

12 | Midterm Requirement: Matrix on the theories in HD

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