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    Experiment No. 5: 1.0 Title

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    simalaravi
    This document describes Experiment No. 5 which aims to study and use an optical flat to measure flatness. Students will learn about interferometry principles and how to use an optical flat. An optical flat placed on a surface without pressure will create a thin air gap, and monochromatic light reflected between the surfaces will produce interference fringes. Straight, evenly spaced fringes indicate a perfectly flat surface, while fringes curving around or away from the contact point indicate convex or concave surfaces, respectively. The experiment procedure instructs students to observe fringe patterns under various conditions to interpret surface flatness.

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    Experiment No. 5: 1.0 Title

    Uploaded by

    simalaravi
    2K views5 pages
    This document describes Experiment No. 5 which aims to study and use an optical flat to measure flatness. Students will learn about interferometry principles and how to use an optical flat. An optical flat placed on a surface without pressure will create a thin air gap, and monochromatic light reflected between the surfaces will produce interference fringes. Straight, evenly spaced fringes indicate a perfectly flat surface, while fringes curving around or away from the contact point indicate convex or concave surfaces, respectively. The experiment procedure instructs students to observe fringe patterns under various conditions to interpret surface flatness.

    Original Description:

    Experiment 5

    Original Title

    Experiment 5

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    This document describes Experiment No. 5 which aims to study and use an optical flat to measure flatness. Students will learn about interferometry principles and how to use an optical flat. An optical flat placed on a surface without pressure will create a thin air gap, and monochromatic light reflected between the surfaces will produce interference fringes. Straight, evenly spaced fringes indicate a perfectly flat surface, while fringes curving around or away from the contact point indicate convex or concave surfaces, respectively. The experiment procedure instructs students to observe fringe patterns under various conditions to interpret surface flatness.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2K views5 pages

    Experiment No. 5: 1.0 Title

    Uploaded by

    simalaravi
    This document describes Experiment No. 5 which aims to study and use an optical flat to measure flatness. Students will learn about interferometry principles and how to use an optical flat. An optical flat placed on a surface without pressure will create a thin air gap, and monochromatic light reflected between the surfaces will produce interference fringes. Straight, evenly spaced fringes indicate a perfectly flat surface, while fringes curving around or away from the contact point indicate convex or concave surfaces, respectively. The experiment procedure instructs students to observe fringe patterns under various conditions to interpret surface flatness.

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    Metrology and Quality Control

    Experiment No. 5

    Experiment No. 5
    1.0

    TITLE:
    Study and use of optical flat for flatness measurement.

    2.0

    PRIOR CONCEPT:
    Measurement, straightness, monochromatic light source

    3.0

    NEW CONCEPT:
    Proposition:
    Flatness testing of a work piece is done by observing fringe pattern obtained by interference of
    two monochromatic light rays reflected from, lower surface of top optical flat and upper surface
    of lower flat surface through the very fine air gap between two flats.
    Concept structure:

    4.0

    LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
    At the end of the experiment, student will acquire the following skills -

    4.1

    Intellectual skills:

    4.2

    Understand the principle of interferometry.


    Understand the principle of optical flat.
    Interpret the fringe pattern.

    Motor skills

    Set the optical flat and the surface under test.


    Observe the fringe pattern.

    5.1 APPARATUS:
    The experiment requires following equipment1.
    A monochromatic light source
    2.
    Set of optical flats
    3.
    Set of work pieces for flatness testing

    MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

    6.0

    DIAGRAM:

    Fig. 5.1 INTERFEROMETRY APPLIED TO FLATNESS TESTING

    7.0

    PROCEDURE:
    7.1
    Brief theory:
    The essential equipment for measurement by light wave interference is a monochromatic light
    source and a set of optical flats. An optical flat is a circular piece of optical glass or fused quartz
    having its two plane faces flat and parallel and the surfaces are finished to an optical degree of
    flatness. Optical flats vary in size from 25 mm diameter to about 300 mm diameters.
    If an optical flat is placed upon another flat reflecting surface without applying pressure it will not
    form an intimate contact, but it will lie at some angle making an inclined plane. If the optical
    flat is now illuminated by monochromatic source of light, the eye if placed in proper position, will
    observe a number of bands. These bands are produced by interference of the light rays
    reflected from lower surface of the top flat and the top surface of lower flat through a very thin
    layer of air between the flats.
    In fig. 6.1 the angle between two flats is shown exaggerated too much in order to understand
    the principle of interference. If the path lengths of two light rays differ by an odd number of
    half wavelengths i.e. /2, 3/2, 5/2 etc, then the complete interference is achieved.
    7.2

    Stepwise procedure:
    A)
    For a perfectly flat surface
    1.
    Keep optical flat on masterpiece.
    2.
    Apply sufficient pressure by two fingers so that no air gap exists.
    3.
    Observe the fringe pattern.
    4.
    Keep optical flat once again on same surface of the object and apply
    pressure gently so that some air gap exists.
    5.
    Observe the fringe pattern.
    6.
    When the fringes are perfectly straight and same fringe width for dark and
    bright band we conclude that the surface is perfectly flat.
    B)
    For curved surfaces such as concave and convex.
    1.
    Keep optical flat on a convex surface.
    2.
    Apply light pressure on the flat so that it rocks on the new high spot of the
    convex surface.
    3.
    Observe the fringe pattern with the change in the contact point.

    4.

    For convex surface the fringes curve around the point of contact.

    5.
    6.
    7.
    8.

    Keep optical flat on a concave surface.


    Apply light pressure on the edge of the flat and at the center.
    Observe the fringe pattern with the change in the contact point.
    For concave surface the fringes curve away from the point of contact.

    8.0

    OBSERAVATION TABLE:

    9.0

    CONCLUSION: (under the guidance of the teacher)

    10.1 QUESTIONS: (Attempt 3-5 questions as directed by teacher)


    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.

    Name the commonly used monochromatic light sources.


    State industrial applications of optical flat.
    Draw the fringe pattern of Convex, concave and perfectly flat surface.
    What are the necessary conditions of interference of light waves?
    What precautions are required to be taken in the use of optical flat?
    State how flatness of optical flat is checked.
    (Space for answer)

    (Space for answer)

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