Zin 2001 Angulimala
Zin 2001 Angulimala
Zin 2001 Angulimala
200r
Edited by
Volume
II
les
Chtilisations
-S-:\:-S5:lS-101-6
: {i-:::::.-,r R3.:er.he sur les Civilisations,
Paris, 2005
HtilLltibch. PiiloloeL'
d hsteta.nr:rn!
200t
Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Conference of the
Edited by
Volume
Lrrivnr
II
Hi s to ric al Ar ch ae o lo gy
and Art History
Table of contents
Volume
II
NAMAN P. AHUJA
.....345
EvA ALTINGER
355
JOACHIM
K.
.... . .. . .. 363
BAUTZE
Painting at Karauli
.,,
.....
',365
CLAUDINE BAUTZE-PIcRoN
Death at the Gate of Hindu Temples and Shrines, 5dr to 7th century
.175
KURT BEHRENDT
..383
GoURIswAR BHATTAcHARYA
..........393
PrA BRANCAccro
4ot
M.
Suney . . . .
4o7
PTERFRANcESco CALLTERT
.. ..4r7
MARTHA
L.
CARTBR
Evidence.
.....427
Nathdwara
,..
..
. .437
HARRY FAIK
.......445
ANNA FILIGaNZI
Stone and Stucco Sculptures from the Sacred Building of Bir-kot-ghwaqdai,
Swat,
Pakistan
............4s3
VASUNDHARA FrLLrozAT
Jakka4eceri Temples in
............463
Kamelaka
GBMRD FoEXBMA
AD .....47s
LARS FoGBLIN
SUCTTANDRA
Thotlakonda
....
-...483
GHosH
.....
IoHN GUY
Southem Buddhism: Traces and Transmission
.........49r
.,.....495
JULIA
A.B.
.......
io5
HBGEWALD
From Siva to PardvanEtha: The Appropriation of a Hindu Temple for Jaina Worship. . . . . 5r7
OsxAR voN HTNtiBBR
....
.........52s
KLAUS KARTTUNEN
'Vestem
Perspective
. . . . . 53r
DEBoRAH KLIMBURG.SALTER
CECELTA
Bamiyan
. . . . . . . 535
LEvrN
Looking Southwards: Eady Paqdyan Art and its Impact on dle Evolution
of Hindu Sculptural Style . .
BARRY
......55r
LEwIs
Mackenzie
.-..
55?
B.R. MANr
Date of the Akhnur Buddhist Terracottas in the Light of Recent Excavations
at Ambaran
MICHAEL
(Akhnur)
..... ..
.567
Archaeology at Kafirkot . . . . . .
.....571
..........579
figxes
EvA MYRDAL
Rice and Millet Land-Use and Control of Resources in Dry Zone Sri Lanka
lst Millennium
.....589
AD
ALKA PATEL
CAMERoN
A.
M.
.5gg
PETRIE
The Late 1st and Early 2nd Millennia AD at Aka, N.V:F P, Pakistan .
ELLEN
.. .. ..
. . . 607
RAVEN
Lion-Slayer
CHARLoTTE ScHMID
L a C01a
......
..
615
..........623
ftom Sahri-Batrlol
..
..
.637
GAUTAM SENGU?TA
649
SHARMA
659
JULrA SHAW
665
PETER SKILLING
677
687
ANNE VERGATI
The Image of the Rdjput Hero in North Indian Art (lfest Reiasdr1n)
16th-19th cenruries
697
MoNTKA ZrN
705
Fig.
scapes around
'I'he
the Buddha standing on a lotus. Like in the other paintings, the installation of the rvindow frame cut off part of
the Buddha's body. But it is unlikely that an-v significant
iconographical elements rverc lost b-r tl-re removal of this
part. The sccne takes place in front of thc Buddha. Four
tie
2003:
it is dre
casc
is
1.
70j
'.,
If
Fig.
1.
"I
am stand-
ing still, you are not standing still",s we leam dlat the
present Thera is dre son of a Brahman. He used to be
hirysaka, the bloodthirsty robber AngulimEla, and is now
Fig.
7C6
1.
xry
ri
sc pts of the Samluktagatna probably of the Mrilasarvdstir.ada school (Hartmann 1997-98)r and of rie San.estivAda and KS5yapiya schools presen'ed in Chinese trans-
,l
of ttuth" (satyaoacana) to help a \\'oman who has suffered labour pains for many days to deliver her child.
Angulimnla, overcome tviti compassion for the woman
giving birth, receives advice from the Buddha, rvho says
is still knoivn in
Buddhist
countries as a formula to help a woman in labour (Gom-
!\-
Fig.
-"'5::!:2r
---:::- "--'
affiliation T 718 and T 119 (ibid.t 657), and one Mahayana text T 120 (ibid.:657-658). These texts rer.eal
and who wears a garland Qnala) made ofhis victims'fingers (anguli). King Prasenajit organises a military expedi-
teacher
manhood
the
bl killing one hundred people. This tvas a cunning plot on behalfofthe teacher. In forcing the youth to
commit such a crime, he planned to hand the yourh over
to justice authorities in an act ofrevenge that u,ould spare
';a'1
Fig.
7c8
Art
Fig,
- Drawing,
Angr imala is
It shows nothing other tlan one episode from the early life
of the future mass murderer - a scene at school. On the
mother. The sarne scene is presented in another Amaravati relief (Fig. 6). Here the group below represents the
early deeds of Angulimala, perhaps related ro the military
tion at the right shows the killings, whi.le at the left Angulim6la is presented on his knees before the Buddha. The
motler can be seen standing on the other side ofthe Buddha. The upper section shows t}le visit of King Prasenajit, while on the right side Angdimala is seen shaving in
is components.
right side, t}te teacher's wife stands widr her husband she
who caused the 99-fold misfomrne. As already mentioned the earliest surviving reference to this episode in
southem Indian literature derives ftom the 5th century.t2
The relief pre-dates it by c. two cenruries.
\i7hile the damaged relief from Nagarjunikonda does
not reveal any more details, one can make out that the
murderer is wearing an extremely broad Brahman suing
tajfropalnta. This could be the garland of hngers. Angulimala appears to be taking it off as he kneels before the
Buddha.
709
Fig.
Fig.
10
- Reliefftom Gandhara,
Following ttris summary of comparable Indian depictions, we retum to the Ajanta painting. Angulimala is
shown here twice, during the attack and after his conversion. It is very unlikely that the mother was also lepresented. If she was, the picture was destroyed when dre
windorv frame was installed.
iniscent of
it
of
of
a
curls
be
the
me.
They
might
which is unclear to
Brahman pupil, or spherical objects with which certain
demons or Mdral' are equipped. \7hat is certain is that
the pointed shapes on Angutmnla's head in the Pala
sculpture are not the leaf crown of ar atal)i or a finger
above this there are five round objects, the signilicance
tie
aig
imaln.
7ra
dif-
proven by Pal (1974:33-34), Avalokitesvara was worshipped by women hoping to conceive. In this light the
Angulimala painting acquires new significance. Integral
Fis.
inches.
N OTES
I
For more records of the story mentioned in this
paper cf.i Hartmann 1997-98. Apan from the
1884, Vol. 2: 3j
Sabpafrn;iatikd Slotru,Vers 127, Hocrnle 1916:
'73t Mala.'alnta XXX.84, ed. p.242; transl.:
205_
I For records of the ston of Saudasa, represenurions in an as \iell as references to the research
on the narrative marerial of Saudasa /
Kalmatapada, cf. Schlingloff 2000: No.56
(Sutasoma).
t
lnbha 537,
so toatlt
sd
ed.
has;
kprsi b,ohaacdi
iJr
rc
,andaa
a) ttrn,rs;i
cd tne
pp.82-84.
REFERENCES
Det lveise and der Thor = Dzans bhu'2es bra ba'i
,/./o, ed. + iibers. IJ. Schmidt. St. Petersburg
/ Leipzig, 1843.
1,
p.2ll):
r38ft
lu
R.
Chalmers, 1-3, PTS. London 1888-99; bansl
The Colbction oJ thc Mi.tdle Iznsrh Satines,LB.
Homer, 1-3. London, 1954-67.
Gota n Bulldha, 1-6, PTS, London. 187796r transl. E.B. Co$ell (ed.), The l"
c Stoies ol the Buddha's Fonnet
ts, Trun'lated
Iron E Pdli bt ltarious hdrA, 1-6, PTS. Cam-
oJ
ot
Bi
bridge, 1895-1907.
tUahatassa, ed.
H.
712
fis.20.
in
t-\
H.
Oldenberg
& R. Pischel,
Barr]'oux.
Hadda
Minoires de ln Diligatiai
Francaise en
Archiologique
Afshanisun 4, Pai,s.
t17.
-the
Burgss, J. (1887)
Buddhist S,,.t?,'
oJ
A,nar-
K.ithna Di!ti,:t.
Ma&as t'residency, Surueled in 1882 = ASSI t.
the
London.
Charsnnes, E. (191c.3,1) Ciq ce,tts contes et opologuos, extmis du Tipitaka chino;s ct traduis en
Jra
(,ais,
t-4,Pans.
t'an srico-bou&lhique d
I'an
I'inlluenc,
bouddhique de I'Inde et de
les orisines de
P ar]-s.
Earlt
Teachinss.
London.
Haitinann, J.U. (1997-98) Sanskit Fragments
tuom \e Agamas (I)r The Angutimalasrtra.
Indnlosia Taurinensia 23-24 = hoJ. Grusor)
M. Bongard-Izdn Fehcitatian Volune, T oi,no,
pp.351-362.
Hoerr e, A.F.R. (t9t6) Manuscipt Remains of
Buddhi:st Literaaoe found tn Eastem Tu*Nsta .
H. (1957)
Yo*.
Insholt,
New
Gandharun
Art in
Pakisran
Att of
Eait
LondaL
S.A.A.P. C. = So,,ri
C. (r97s) Indien,
Handbuch det
Kunst und
Freiburg.
Vasanl S. (1991) The Cult of Dipan*ara Buddha at Ajanta, inl The Att ofAjantu, Nel, Per
specthes, ed. Parimoo, R. (ed. dt ar). New
Delhi, pp. 151-55.
Xu wanyin (1983-85)
Matcrcien I Hand.book
lznde Wandmalercien
Sivaramamurti,
Krlrrl.
Delhi, pp.375-381.
Gnttoes ArL oJ
K,:il Grotbes,l-3, =
The
Oxfod.
Hunliogton, J. & Humingron, S.L. 0990) An
Unusual lmage from the Pala Period Showing
fie Buddha Converting the Robber Angulirn la. Archaeolaqy and Art = Rri:hM De.uo
713