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    Module 2 2012

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    caothucodon322
    This document provides an overview of offshore field development for oil and gas. It discusses various infrastructure required such as platforms, pipelines, and processing facilities. Key considerations for field development include water depth, location, production methods using platforms like jackets, wellhead platforms, or FPSOs, and transport of hydrocarbons to shore via pipelines, shuttle tankers, or floating storage and offloading units. The document also covers natural gas processing and liquefaction into LNG, as well as byproducts like LPG.

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    Module 2 2012

    Uploaded by

    caothucodon322
    42 views26 pages
    This document provides an overview of offshore field development for oil and gas. It discusses various infrastructure required such as platforms, pipelines, and processing facilities. Key considerations for field development include water depth, location, production methods using platforms like jackets, wellhead platforms, or FPSOs, and transport of hydrocarbons to shore via pipelines, shuttle tankers, or floating storage and offloading units. The document also covers natural gas processing and liquefaction into LNG, as well as byproducts like LPG.

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    This document provides an overview of offshore field development for oil and gas. It discusses various infrastructure required such as platforms, pipelines, and processing facilities. Key considerations for field development include water depth, location, production methods using platforms like jackets, wellhead platforms, or FPSOs, and transport of hydrocarbons to shore via pipelines, shuttle tankers, or floating storage and offloading units. The document also covers natural gas processing and liquefaction into LNG, as well as byproducts like LPG.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    42 views26 pages

    Module 2 2012

    Uploaded by

    caothucodon322
    This document provides an overview of offshore field development for oil and gas. It discusses various infrastructure required such as platforms, pipelines, and processing facilities. Key considerations for field development include water depth, location, production methods using platforms like jackets, wellhead platforms, or FPSOs, and transport of hydrocarbons to shore via pipelines, shuttle tankers, or floating storage and offloading units. The document also covers natural gas processing and liquefaction into LNG, as well as byproducts like LPG.

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    Module 2

    Offshore Field Development

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    1. Crude Oil
    Crude oil is a very complex mixture of compounds composed of
    (mainly) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
    Of these elements, carbon and hydrogen are by far the major
    components. Linked together with inter-atom bonds, these CH
    compounds form a dazzling variety of different kinds of molecules of
    many different shapes and sizes. Liquids, solids and gas.
    Collectively, these carbon-hydrogen compounds are referred to as
    "hydrocarbons."

    First stage Processing: (Stabilisation)


    1. Water separation
    2. Associated Gas and solids seperation
    3. Desalination (take salt out)
    Done at about 20 bars and 50 degree Celsius

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    2. Natural Gas
    Natural Gas: Mainly consisting of Methane (CH4).
    By-product of Oil production in Vietnam.

    Before natural gas can be used as a fuel, it must undergo


    extensive processing to remove almost all materials other than
    methane.
    The by-products of that processing include ethane, propane,
    butanes, pentanes and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons,
    elemental sulfur, and sometimes helium and nitrogen
    Unit of measure:
    Nm3 (1 bar and 25 degrees Celsius)
    Vietnam: 6.8 billion Nm3 per year
    CNG = Compressed Natural Gas (still in gaseous state)

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    3. Field Development
    Assumptions resulting from Exploration (Module 1):
    1.
    2.
    3.

    We know where the reservoir is located and how deep;


    We know how much Oil and/or Gas is in the reservoir;
    It is economically feasible to produce the reservoir.

    Field development:
    What infrastructure do we need to install to bring the crude O&G to the market or
    shore in the most economical way?

    Main driver for the costs?


    CAPEX = Capital Expenses (what does it cost to put the equipment there)
    OPEX = Operational Expenses (what does it costs yearly to maintain it)

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    MONTARA Field, Australia

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    4. FEED
    FEED: Front End Engineering & Design = A study used to analyze the various
    technical options for new developments with the objective to define the facilities
    required.
    Answers the following questions:
    - Method of production;
    - Location of Platform/Floating equipment;
    - Location Wells;
    - Dimension pipelines;
    - Capacity and location of processing;
    - Budget costs;
    - Scenarios.

    Pre-FEED = Conceptual design

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    5. Water Depth
    - Sub sea Well head or Well head
    platform?
    - Installation and Drilling costs?

    Cuu Long Basin


    = 40-60 m
    Nam Con Son Basin = 40-110 m
    Song Hong Basin
    = 30-55 m

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    6. Location
    - How far from the shore?
    - How far from the closest
    Processing facility?
    - How far from the closest
    pipe line to shore?
    - Is it economical to use the
    stranded gas?

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    7. Platforms (Jacket, Module)

    Top side , Module or Deck


    Jacket

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    8. Well Head Platform (WHP)

    Equipment on WHP:
    - Well head;
    - Pumps, compressors;
    - Generators;
    - Valves;
    - Filters

    Manned or unmanned
    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    10

    9. Central Processing Platform (CPP)

    Where the production of all wells in a


    field comes together to be processed
    for transport by pipeline or tanker.

    Mostly Manned

    Equipment on CPP:
    - Stabilization; (see Crude oil)
    - Separators;
    - Pumps, compressors;
    - Generators;
    - Valves;
    - Filters

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    11

    10. SLM
    SLM = Single Lift Module
    Equipment on SLM:
    - Pumps, compressors;
    - Generators;
    - Engines;
    - Valves;
    - Filters.

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    12

    11. Monopod
    Mono Pod = Offshore structure founded on one single support
    Shallow water
    Advantage?

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    13

    12. Tripod
    Tripod = Offshore structure founded on three piled legs
    Shallow water, low weight of topside
    Advantage?

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    14

    13. Flare
    Flare = A structure on a platform to burn off stranded gas
    Use restricted due to green house gas
    emission.

    Flare boom

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    15

    14. FPSO
    FPSO = Floating Production, Storage and Offloading
    Topsides
    When is it
    used?
    Turret
    Hull

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    16

    15. FSO
    FSO = Floating, Storage and Offloading
    When is it used?

    Hull

    Turret

    Rang Dong FSO, 350 km South of Vungtau

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    17

    16. Turret
    A loading point that allows rotation of the FPSO/FSO
    Swivel stack

    1. Internal turret
    2. External turret

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    18

    17. Pipelines
    Pipe line = A structure installation to transport oil or gas from one
    location to another location

    Export Pipe line


    Trunk line = approx. 16 until 48
    Infield pipe line = 6 until 18
    Flow line = short distance

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    19

    18. Riser
    Riser = A pipe or hose to bring the flow of oil or gas to the surface
    Flexible riser

    Mid Water
    Arch

    Riser base

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    20

    19. Single Point Mooring


    SPM or CALM Buoy
    When is it used?

    CALM = Catenary Anchored


    Leg Mooring

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    21

    20. LNG
    LNG is Liquefied Natural Gas. It is a clear, odorless,
    non-toxic and non-corrosive liquid. It is natural gas
    cooled to a very low temperature (roughly - 160 C).
    In its liquid state, natural gas occupies 600 times
    less volume than non-liquefied natural gas.

    LNG = Liquefied Natural Gas

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    22

    21. LNG Train


    A plant to liquefy produced LNG

    Processes:
    - Receive Natural Gas by
    pipeline
    - Condensate removal
    - CO2 removal
    - Mercury and H2S removal
    - Refrigeration to -160 C

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    23

    22. Terminal
    A facility on the shore to receive and process gas or Oil

    Processes:
    - Offloading
    - Processing
    - Storage
    - Re-gasification

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    24

    23. FSRU
    FSRU = Floating Storage and Re-gasification Unit

    Processes:
    - Receiving LNG
    - Heating
    - Re-gasify
    - Offloading to Gas grid

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    25

    24. LPG
    LPG = Liquefied Petroleum Gas

    By product of Oil refining:


    60 % Propane [C3H8]
    40 % Butane [C4H10]
    Heavier than Air

    Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC

    26

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