Deki Fan Regulators Feb 2012 Web

DEKI CAPACITOR GUIDE
Fan Regulators
A series on topics of relevance and advances from the Technical Centre, Deki Electronics Ltd, India
The first
product of its
kind in India.
February 2012
The new flame proof ULTIMA film capacitor range from Deki provides superior
safety in switch/socket type fan regulators. Instead of catching fire or bursting and
oozing film,these capacitors fail safely.
If you want to prevent the hazard of an accident with the switch/socket type fan regulator
that you manufacture,call Shariq on 09313808478 or email shariq@dekielectronics.com.
Go for safety today.Go for the ULTIMA range of fan regulator capacitors from Deki Electronics.
Deki Electronics Ltd, B-20 Sector 58, NOIDA 201 301, India.
www.dekielectronics.com
Deki Electronics is like a bonsai. Small yet complete.

Complete range of plastic film capacitors with a choice of
technologies.
Every branch and twig shaped or eliminated until the
chosen image is achieved.
Clear focus on quality and providing solutions.
The image maintained and improved by constant pruning
and trimming.
Commitment to training and knowledge enhancement.
CONTENTS
Application Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Metallised Polyester Film Capacitors - Economic Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Metallised Polyester Film Capacitors - Switch Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Metallised Polyester Film Capacitors - Socket Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Metallised Polypropylene Film Capacitors - Socket Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Metallised Polyester Film Capacitors - Ultima Safety Type . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Metallised Polypropylene Film Capacitors - Ultima Safety Type . . . . . . . . . . 16
Metallised Safety Film Capacitors - Optima Safety Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Flame Proof Film Capacitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Fan Regulators
FAN REGULATOR
A Fan Regulator, as the name suggests, regulates or controls the
speed of the fan motor. Before dealing with the fan regulator, a
brief discussion about the fan motor is necessary, as the main
purpose of the regulator is to control the speed of the fan motor.
PURPOSE OF RUNNING CAPACITOR

A capacitor is incorporated in circuit so that IS and IM are 90
apart in phase from each other (ideal case) so that a revolving or
rotating magnetizing flux can be set up.
STARTING OF FAN
When the supply is given a rotating flux is set up in the
stator which is revolving with synchronous speed NS.
NS = (120*f) / p
f = supply frequency
p = number of poles
CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES
This flux induces a voltage in the rotor due to electromagnetic
A 1 induction motor employs two windings for its operation as induction. As this rotor is initially stationary, torque is developed
it is not a self-starting version of an induction motor (polyphase which rotates the rotor and rotor speed starts to build up. The
motor). The two windings are main/running winding and
direction of rotation is the same as that of the rotating flux. The
starting/auxiliary winding. The windings are placed on a
torque developed is given by
2
stationary member called stator, that has stampings and slots to
TSV
hold the windings.
S = slip speed
Now, this torque is proportional to square of voltage.
2
The rotor is the rotating member, of a squirrel cage type, on
Speed Torque V
which the fan blades are mounted.
Hence, by controlling the voltage supply across the fan its speed
can be varied.
Note: It also incorporates a capacitor in series with a starting
winding.
TYPES OF FAN REGULATORS
Currently Fan Regulators are of these four types:
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
? Resistive regulator
A ceiling fan motor is based on Faradays Law of Electro-magnetic ? Phase angle controlled regulator
Induction according to which whenever a conductor is placed in a ? Inductive regulator
rotating magnetic field, an electro-magnetic force (emf) is
? Capacitive regulator (latest).
induced. The frequency of the induced emf is the same as the
supply frequency and its magnitude is proportional to the relative RESISTIVE REGULATOR
motion between the flux and the conductor. The direction of the
This is the most common type in household ceiling fans. It
induced emf is given by Flemings Right Hand Rule.
works by providing different taps on a wire wound resistor
connected in series with the fan.
WORKING
In order to make a ceiling fan self-starting, a starting or auxiliary
winding is used, placed electrically 90 apart from the main
winding, with a running capacitor in series with the starting
winding. Both the windings are connected
in parallel to each other. Winding supply across the terminal as
shown in the figure.
FAN MOTOR
The motor used in a household ceiling fan is a 1 squirrel cage
type induction motor with the properties and specifications of a
normal 1 motor.
Advantages
? Cost-effective.
Disadvantages
? Considerable power loss as heat, especially at lower speeds,
making it inefficient
? Bulky, lack of aesthetic appeal
? Very high energy consumption.
Fig: Capacitor Run Fan Motor

4
Fan Regulators
PHASE ANGLE CONTROLLED REGULATOR
Phase angle controlled regulators employ active devices such as
DIAC and TRIAC. The basic principle is to change the firing angle
of the TRIAC in order to change the voltage across the fan.
CAPACITIVE TYPE FAN REGULATOR
0.1/250 V/10%
0.01/1k V/10%
Advantages
? Continuous speed control
? Low power consumption as compared to resistive type
regulators.
Disadvantages
? Speed control not linear
? Expensive as compared to resistive fan regulators.
? Produces humming sound that is disturbing
? Higher failure rate as active devices are susceptible to power
supply transients and interference
? Causes EMI/RFI interference creating disturbances in TV and
radio sets.
INDUCTIVE TYPE FAN REGULATOR
An inductive type fan regulator has a tapping on the winding of
the transformer and the inductive reactance is varied to achieve
variation in speed.
Basic Principle
The main purpose here is to control the voltage acrossthe fan. As
we know, the voltage across the capacitor is given by the formula
VC = Q/C where Q is the charge across the capacitor and C is the
capacitance.
According to the formula above, C 1/VC.
As C increases VC decreases. Thus, the voltage across the fan
increases. Therefore, the speed increases. So, by increasing the
value of capacitor, the speed of the fan can be increased. Thus, by
employing suitable combinations of capacitors a fans speed can
be regulated.
Purpose of RS and RP
RS is a series resistance which is used in series with the capacitor
in order to limit the current flowing to the capacitor to a safe
value.
RP is a parallel resistance which serves as a discharging
path for the capacitor for each supply cycle.
CAPACITIVE FAN REGULATOR - BLOCK DIAGRAM
NOTE: Speed decreases with the increase in the number of turns

of the inductance coil winding.
CAPACITIVE FAN REGULATOR - CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Advantages
? Low heat power dissipation.
Disadvantages
? Low power factor.
? Quite costly.
? Heavy and bulky.
Fan Regulators
How to calculate the value of the capacitors
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Fans from different manufacturers are tested on a standard
regulator with combinations of 2.2, 1.0 and 3.1 F.
Now,
At speed 1 = 2.2 F
At speed 2 = 3.1 F
At speed 3 = 4.1 F
At speed 4 = 5.3 F
At speed 5 = no capacitor
Applying KVL (Kirchofs voltage law), the calculated value of XC is For,

Fan A, maximum RPM = 320
given by
(VS ZF VF ZF) / VF = XC
Fan B, maximum RPM = 422
where, VS = supply voltage
Fan C, maximum RPM = 380
VF = voltage across the fan
ZF = impedance of the fan,
Configurations at various switch positions
and, the value of capacitance can be calculated by
Position 1
C= 1 / (2 f XC)
where, f is the supply frequency.
Advantages
? Energy efficient
? No humming sound during operations
? Speed is linear
? High reliability as compared to electronic type regulator.
Disadvantages
? Becaues of size only marginal design
is possible for film capacitor
? Fire hazard is, hence, the only
failure mode.
At this position, capacitor in the circuit = 2.2 F.

16.
Position 2
Let us examine the ISI standards for fan regulators as per

IS:374-1979:
? Regulators including electronic type of speed regulators shall
be capable of reducing the speed of the fan at least 50 per
cent of the full speed at the test voltage.
? Fans shall be capable of running on all the running positions
of the regulator at the rated voltage or within the whole rated
voltage range.
? Shall have an OFF position preferably next to the lowest
speed contact.
At this position, capacitor in the circuit = 3.1 F.
? Shall be provided with not less than five running positions
except in case of continuously variable speed regulators.
Position 3
? The speed difference at any running position shall not deviate
by more than +/- 50 % from the ideal speed difference
calculated on the basis of maximum and minimum speeds
divided by the number of steps.
Max speed of the fan: 400 rpm
Min speed of the fan: 200 rpm
Regulator steps: 5
Ideal speed difference = 200/5 = 40 rpm
? Speed difference between any two running positions
? should be between 20 and 60 rpm.
? Electronic type regulators shall be provided with radio
? and television interference suppressing devices.
At this position, capacitor in the circuit = 3.1 + 1 = 4.1 F.
? The voltage drop across the electronic type regulators at
? the maximum speed position shall not exceed 2% of the
? rated voltage of the fan.
6
Fan Regulators
Type A fan tested on a standard regulator
Case 2: Supply voltage = 230V
Position 4
Regulator Voltage VF Current Power Voltage VC

Speed
Number
Volts
Amps Watts
Volts
RPM Acc. ISI
At this position, capacitor in the circuit 3.1 + 2.2 = 5.3 F.
83
0.110
9.13
208.000
134 159.00
116
0.160
18.56
190.200
194 198.75
137
0.190
26.03
171.200
228 238.50
155
0.220
34.10
150.000
260 278.25
230
0.260
59.80
0.222
318 318.00
Position 5
At this position there is no capacitor in the circuit and the

fan moves at the full rated speed.
DATA SHEETS

Regulator Voltage VF Current
Number
Volts
Amps
Power Voltage VC Speed

Watts
Volts
RPM
Regulator Voltage VF
Number
Volts
Current
Amps

Watts
Volts
RPM
81
0.100
0.81
200.000
132
81
0.100
0.81
200.000
132
112
0.150
16.80
181.000
187
112
0.150
16.80
181.000
187
131
0.180
23.58
164.000
219
131
0.180
23.58
164.000
219
150
0.210
31.50
143.000
247
150
0.210
31.50
143.000
247
220
0.250
55.00
0.044
315
220
0.250
55.00
0.044
315
Fan Regulators
Type B fan tested on a standard regulator
Number
Volts
Amps
Type B fan tested on a standard regulator

Power Voltage VC
Watts
Volts
Speed
RPM

Number
Volts
Amps
Speed
RPM
76
0.110
8.36
219.40
101.1
83
0.130
10.79
235.000
114
111
0.170
18.87
201.40
155.0
121
0.190
22.99
218.700
176
134
0.210
28.14
187.40
210.0
144
0.230
33.12
198.700
265
154
0.240
36.96
163.90
295.0
166
0.250
41.50
170.300
342
219
0.290
63.51
0.06
420.0
238
0.310
73.78
0.068
426

Type C fan tested on a standard regulator

Regulator Voltage VF Current Power Voltage VC Speed

Number
Volts
Amps Watts Volts RPM Acc. ISI Number
Volts
Amps
Power Voltage VC
Watts
Volts
79
0.120
Power Voltage VC
Watts
Volts
Speed
RPM
9.48
224.10 105.6 211.00
82
0.120
9.84
221.300
83.7
115
0.180 20.70
210.10 162.9 263.75
109
0.160
17.44
194.500
117.1
138
0.220 30.36
193.70 250.0 316.50
131
0.200
26.20
179.600
163.0
158
0.240 37.92
166.70 321.2 369.25
149
0.220
32.78
155.800
276.0
230
0.290 66.70
0.06 422.0 422.00
219
0.270
59.13
0.056
380.0
Fan Regulators
ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION

Why cannot a common or general fan regulator be designed?
Different types of fans have been tested using a general regulator.

Regulator Voltage VF Current Power Voltage VC
Speed
Number
Volts
Amps Watts
Volts RPM Acc. ISI After analysing all data it is observed that with one standard fan
regulator we can achieve speed regulation approximating a
1
81
0.290
8.91 250.000 87.8 191.35
linearity pattern but cannot satisfy the ISI standards for different
2
115
0.230 19.55 199.500 127.0 239.18 fans.
3
136
0.210
28.56
155
0.170
35.65
230
0.110
66.12
193.000 198.0 287.02
Full rated RPMs of different fans are different due to electrical

158.900 290.0 339.80 parameters such as number of turns in the winding, number of
0.075 382.7 382.70 poles, impedance, air gap between stator and rotor, etc., that vary
from one manufacturer to the other. Therefore, a common,
general fan regulator is unable to regulate the speed within the ISI
limits.
SELECTION OF CAPACITOR FOR A GOOD FAN REGULATOR
In a capacitive type fan regulator, the capacitor is the vital
element. In order to design a reliable, accurate, durable and
effective fan regulator, all the electrical parameters of the
capacitor must be selected properly.
Basically, a fan regulator is a low power AC application for which
the following parameters of the capacitor determine its working
life:
1)Tan at working frequency.
2)Power handling capability.
Tan (Tangent of Loss Angle): The dissipation factor or tangent
of loss angle is the power loss of the capacitor divided by the
reactive power of the capacitor at a sinusoidal voltage of specified
frequency.

Number
Volts
Amps

Watts
Volts
RPM
84
0.120
10.08
25.900
94.0
115
0.170
19.55
210.400
154.3
140
0.210
29.40
191.700
208.5
156
0.220
34.32
154.300
306.2
240
0.300
72.00
0.068
385.0
Equivalent circuit of capacitor

tan = CR = 2 f C RS
where, RS = series resistance, f = supply frequency, and
C = capacitance
NOTE: The measuring method shall be such that the

error does not exceed 10% of the specified value or
0.0001, whichever is higher.
EQUIVALENT SERIES RESISTANCE (ESR)
The ESR is the resistive part of the equivalent series circuit and is
temperature and frequency dependent. The ESR can be calculated
from the dissipation factor (tan ) as follows:
ESR = tan /C
POWER DISSIPATION
The power dissipated by a capacitor is a function of the voltage
across or the current (I) flowing through the equivalent series
resistance ESR.
9
Fan Regulators
2
Rth = thermal resistance of the capacitor in C / watts, and,

Tlim = allowed capacitor overtemperature in C.
P = C tan U
2
P = 2 f C tan U
where f = frequency,
tan = maximum value specified, and,
U = rated voltage.
BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE
The breakdown voltage is the minimum voltage required for
dielectric breakdown. It follows that the operating voltage must
be less than the breakdown voltage.
It must be: Pcmax < Pclim

Tmax = (Tm / tan m) tan max
where, Tmax = capacitor overtemperature calculated using
the maximum tan value at the working frequency,
Tm = T1 T2, tan m = dissipation factor of the tested
capacitor measured at the working frequency and at the
temperature reached by the capacitor under test, and,
tan max = maximum dissipation factor at the working
frequency of the capacitor under test.
CALCULATION OF POWER DISSIPATION

When a capacitor is used in AC applications at high frequency,
internal heating of the capacitor may follow with a possible risk of
smoke or fire. This is caused by the heating effect of the current CALCULATION OF POWER DISSIPATION
flowing through the internal resistance of the capacitor.
For metallised polyester film capacitor
tan max = 0.008 and tan m = 0.003
The following formula is used to calculate the maximum power
dissipated by the capacitor:
According to equation 2,
Tlim = 40 [1- 0.0166(33 40)]
N
Pcmax = V2rmsci 2 fi C tan max(fi)
1
= 40 (1 + 0.1162)
i=l
= 44.648 C
where, P
= max dissipated power in watts,
cmax
Vrmsci = RMS voltage of the ith harmonic in volts,

Irmsci = RMS current of the ith harmonic in amperes,
fi = frequency of the ith harmonic in hertz,
C = capacitance in farads,
tan max(fi) = maximum dissipation factor corresponding to the
frequency of the ith harmonic, and,
N = number of significant harmonics.
Putting the values in equation 4,

Pclim = 44.648 / 36 = 1.2402
Putting values of Vrms = 250V, fI= 50 Hz in equation 1
Pcmax = 0.3454
We see that Pcmax < Pclim
In sinusoidal waveform we take N = 1

Now, Tlim = allowed capacitor overtemperature in C.
Th = maximum ambient temperature surrounding the capacitor,
or, hottest contact point (i.e., tracks), whichever is higher, in the
worst operation conditions in C.
For Th < 40 C
Tlim = 40 C for film-foil polypropylene capacitors (PP),
polypropylene capacitors with double sided metallised film
electrodes (MMPP), and metallised polyester film capacitors
(MPET).
For 40 C < Th < 100 C, Tlim = 10 C

Tlim = 40 [1-0.0166 (Th-40] for PP, MMPP and MPET
Tlim = 20 [1-0.0166(Th -40] for MPP
For 100 C < Th < 105 C

Tlim = 0 C
The formula used to calculate the maximum power that may be
dissipated by the capacitor is:
Pclim = Tlim / Rth
4
10
However, metallised polyester capacitor scores over

metallised polypropylene because its dielectric constant
is 3.2 as compared to 2.2 for metallised polypropylene and
better price.
So, for the same capacitance value MPET is smaller in area as
compared to MPP because the capacitance value is given by the
formula:
C= ( A) / d
Tlim = 20C for polypropylene capacitors with single sided

metallised film electrodes (MPP).
where, Pclim = maximum power that may be dissipated by the
CONCLUSION
Both metallised polyester and metallised polypropylene
capacitors fulfil the requirements of our application.
Though MPP has better dielectric strength, MPET is more

popular in fan regulators because of smaller size and lower price.
However, if a bigger size can be accommodated then MPP is the
ideal choice.
DEKI RANGE FOR FAN REGULATORS
1) Metallised polyester film capacitors.
2) Metallised polypropylene film capacitors.
Available in, both, epoxy coated and capacitor pack type.
Fan Regulators
METALLISED POLYESTER FILM CAPACITORS
Economic type
MAIN APPLICATION: Mainly used in switch type fan regulators
LIFE TEST CONDITIONS

a) Endurance Test: Loaded at 1.1 times of rated voltage at 70 C for
500 hours.
After the test:
c/c: 5% of initial value
Change in Tan : 0.004 of initial value
Insulation resistance: 50% of the value specified in data sheet
CONSTRUCTION (DIP TYPE): Low inductive cell of metallised

polyester film coated with flame retardant grade epoxy powder
CLIMATIC CATEGORY: 40/85/21
CAPACITANCE VALUE, RATED VOLTAGE (DC):
Refer dimension chart
b) Switching test: > 20,000 cycles of 4 step / 5 step switch type fan
regulator
Input supply: 240 V AC, Load: Fan Motor
After the test:
CAPACITANCE TOLERANCE: 5%, 10%

VOLTAGE PROOF: 1.6*Ur for 2 seconds between the terminals.
TAN (DISSIPATION FACTOR): 0.8% (max) at 1 kHz
INSULATION RESISTANCE
c) Lot to lot testing: Loaded at 450 V AC at ambient temperature for
Minimum insulation resistance RIS measured at 100 V DC for
2 hours
1 minute.
After the test:
Or, time constant = CR RIS > 2500 s at 25 C, relative humidity
70%
Dimension Chart
Rated
Voltage
Rated
cap. (fd)
W
0.5
Maximum
Dimensions (mm)
H
L
0.5
0.5
Ordering
code
d
0.5
S
0.5
Packing units
Bulk
250 V AC
14
31
0.8
27.5
57 105 + 02 *^
250
MPP
1.2
15
31
0.8
27.5
57 125 + 02 *^
250
1.5
16
31
0.8
27.5
57 155 + 02 *^
250
17
31
0.8
27.5
57 205 + 02 *^
250
2.2
18
31
0.8
27.5
57 225 + 02 *^
250
2.4
7.5
21
31
0.8
27.5
57 245 + 02 *^
250
2.5
19
31
0.8
27.5
57 255 + 02 *^
250
10
19
31
0.8
27.5
57 305 + 02 *^
250
3
3.3
8.5
22.5
31
0.8
27.5
57 335 + 02 *^
250
3.6
23
31
0.8
27.5
57 365 + 02 *^
250
3.7
11
20
31
0.8
27.5
57 375 + 02 *^
250
4.3
10
24
31
0.8
27.5
57 435 + 02 *^
250
l min 17 mm
S
F
11
Fan Regulators
Switch type

500 hours.
After the test:
regulator
Input supply: 240 V AC, Load: Fan Motor
After the test:
2 hours
1 minute.
After the test:
70%
Dimension Chart
Rated
Voltage
Rated
cap. (fd)
W
0.5
250
V DC
250
V AC
250
V AC
12
1.0
1.8
2.2
3.3
1.0
1.2
1.5
2.2
2.5
2.7
3.3
3.5
3.7
3.9
4.3
2.2
2.5
2.7
3.3
3.5
3.7
3.9
4.3
6.2
8.2
8.5
11.4
6.1
6.5
7.0
6.8
8.1
8.2
9.2
9.4
10.0
10.1
11.0
9.0
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
Maximum
Dimensions (mm)
H
L
0.5
0.5
14.0
17.3
19.0
20.4
13.7
15.0
16.0
20.2
22.0
22.1
22.6
23.1
23.5
23.8
24.5
18.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
20.0
20.0
22.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
Ordering
code
d
0.5
S
0.5
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
02 105 + 2E1B
02 185 + 2E1B
02 225 + 2E1B
02 335 + 2E1B
46 105 + SW1A
46 125 + SW1A
46 155 + SW1A
46 225 + SW1A
46 255 + SW1A
46 275 + SW1A
46 335 + SW1A
46 355 + SW1A
46 375 + SW1A
46 395 + SW1A
46 435 +SW1A
46 225+SW1B
46 255+SW1B
46 275 +SW1B
46 335+SW1B
46 355+SW1B
46 375 +SW1B
46 395 +SW1B
46 435 +SW1B
Packing units
Bulk
400
400
400
400
400
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
Fan Regulators
Socket type

500 hours.
After the test:

regulator
Input supply: 240 VAC Load: Fan Motor
After the test:

2 hours
1 minute.
After the test:
70%
Dimension Chart
Rated
Voltage
Rated
cap. (fd)
W
0.5
250 V AC
MPET
Series
1.0
1.2
1.5
2.2
2.4
2.7
3.3
3.5
EPOXY COATED TYPE:
6.2
8.0
10.0
10.3
11.3
11.8
13.7
13.8
Maximum
Dimensions (mm)
H
L
0.5
0.5
16.0
18.0
18.0
19.6
20.8
21.5
21.2
22.7
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
Ordering
code
d
0.5
S
0.5
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
02 105 +02*^
02 125 +02*^
02 155 +02*^
02 225 +02*^
02 245 +02*^
02 275 +02*^
02 335 +02*^
02 355 +02*^
Packing units
Bulk
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
l min 17 mm
S
F
CAPACITOR PACK
2 Capacitor pack (MPP): Capacitance Value: 2.2, 3.1 F
Rated Voltage: 220 V AC, Tolerance: +10%
3 Capacitor pack (MPP): Capacitance Value: 1.0, 2.2, 3.1 F
13
Fan Regulators
METALLISED POLYPROPYLENE FILM CAPACITORS
Socket type

500 hours.
After the test:

regulator
Input supply: 240 VAC Load: Fan Motor
After the test:

2 hours
1 minute.
After the test:
70%
Dimension Chart
Rated
Voltage
Rated
cap. (fd)
W
0.5
250
V AC
MPP
1.0
1.5
1.6
2.2
2.5
2.7
3.2
3.3
250
2.5
V AC
4.2
EPOXY COATED TYPE:
8.0
9.0
10.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
15.0
15.0
8
13
Maximum
Dimensions (mm)
H
L
0.5
0.5
17.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
23.0
23
24
d
0.5
S
0.5
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
04 105 + 02 *^
04 155 + 02 *^
04 165 + 02 *^
04 225 + 02 *^
04 255 + 02 *^
04 275 + 02 *^
04 325 + 02 *^
04 335 + 02 *^
64 255 + 02 *^
64 425 + 02 *^
Packing units
Bulk
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
l min 17 mm
S
F
14
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0
31
31
Ordering
code
CAPACITOR PACK
2 Capacitor pack (MPP): Capacitance Value: 2.2, 3.1 F
3 Capacitor pack (MPP): Capacitance Value: 1.0, 2.2, 3.1 F
Fan Regulators
Ultima safety type
MAIN APPLICATION: Mainly used in switch/socket type fan
regulators where no fire/explosion is allowed

500 hours.
After the test:

regulator
Input supply: 240 V AC Load: Fan Motor
After the test:

1 minute.
70%

2 hours
After the test:
Dimension Chart
Rated
Voltage
Rated
cap. (fd)
W
0.5
Maximum
Dimensions (mm)
H
L
0.5
0.5
Ordering
code
d
0.5
S
0.5
Packing units
Bulk
250
1.5
8.5
14.5
31
0.8
27.5
86 155 + 02 *^
250
V AC
1.6
15
31
0.8
27.5
86 165 + 02 *^
250
7.5
21
31
0.8
27.5
86 205 + 02 *^
250
2.2
8.5
19
31
0.8
27.5
86 225 + 02 *^
250
2.5
11
17
31
0.8
27.5
86 255 + 02 *^
250
2.6
11
17
31
0.8
27.5
86 265 + 02 *^
250
2.7
10
19
31
0.8
27.5
86 275 + 02 *^
250
3.2
11
19
31
0.8
27.5
86 325 + 02 *^
250
3.3
11
20
31
0.8
27.5
86 335 + 02 *^
250
13
21.5
31
0.8
27.5
86 405 + 02 *^
250
4.3
12
22
31
0.8
27.5
86 435 + 02 *^
250
l min 17 mm
S
F
15
METALLISED SAFETY FILM CAPACITORS

Optima safety type

500 hours.
After the test:

polypropylene film coated with flame retardant grade epoxy powder
regulator
After the test:

1 minute.
70%

2 hours
After the test:
Dimension Chart
Rated
Voltage
Rated
cap. (fd)
W
0.5
250
V AC
2.2
Maximum
Dimensions (mm)
H
L
0.5
0.5
Ordering
code
d
0.5
S
0.5
Packing units
Bulk
17
31
0.8
27.5
69 105 + 02 *^
250
11
22.5
31
0.8
27.5
69 225 + 02 *^
250
3.3
12
21
31
0.8
27.5
69 335 + 02 *^
250
3.7
13
21
31
0.8
27.5
69 375 + 02 *^
250
l min 17 mm
S
F
17
Fan Regulators
METALLISED POLYPROPYLENE FILM CAPACITORS
Ultima safety type

500 hours.
After the test:

polypropylene film coated with flame retardant grade epoxy powder
regulator
After the test:

1 minute.
70%

2 hours
After the test:
Dimension Chart
Rated
Voltage
Rated
cap. (fd)
W
0.5
250
V AC
Maximum
Dimensions (mm)
H
L
0.5
0.5
Ordering
code
d
0.5
S
0.5
17
31
0.8
27.5
74 105 + 02 *^
250
1.5
10
19
31
0.8
27.5
74 155 + 02 *^
250
2.2
11.5
21
31
0.8
27.5
74 225 + 02 *^
250
2.5
14
21
31
0.8
27.5
74 255 + 02 *^
250
3.1
14
24
31
0.8
27.5
74 315 + 02 *^
250
3.3
14
24
31
0.8
27.5
74 335 + 02 *^
250
2.2
21
31
0.8
27.5
44 225 + 02 *^
250
3.3
14
21
31
0.8
27.5
44 335 + 02 *^
250
3.3
11.5
20.5
31
0.8
27.5
84 335 + 02 *^
250
l min 17 mm
S
F
16
Packing units
Bulk
Fan Regulators
i's
Dek kthrough.
r
b ea of its
ology
t
techn rst produc
The fi d in India.
kin
FLAME PROOF Film Capacitors
In spite of all the improvements that have been made in the

manufacturing process and over all quality of the
metallised film capacitor, the fan regulator capacitor can still fail
during its operational life time. The failure can
result in the capacitor catching fire (as in the case of dip type
capacitors) or the box bursting and metallised film
oozing out of the box (in box type capacitors). The photographs
below demonstrate these hazards very clearly.
While this type of failure is not at all acceptable, customers are
still forced to use these capacitors as there is no
alternative available.
the event of its failure. This new capacitor fails in the open mode
thus fulfilling a long standing requirement of customers.
Until now.
There is a marginal increase in size (still suitable for

accommodation in existing design) and cost which is, however,
far outweighed by the safety and peace of mind that the product
offers.
Deki has developed a Flame Proof fan regulator film capacitor.

This capacitor does not catch fire nor does it burst in the box in
It is also available in metallised polypropylene series in dip and

box versions in the socket type.
NORMAL CAPACITOR
FLAME PROOF CAPACITOR
DIP TYPE
BEFORE FAILING
BOX TYPE
AFTER FAILING
Deki Electronics Ltd

B-20 Sector 58, NOIDA 201 301
Phone: +91 120 2585457, 2585458 Fax: +91 120 2585289
E-mail: mktg@dekielectronics.com
www.dekielectronics.com
18
The new Flame Proof film capacitor is available in three metallised

polyester series in both, dip and box:
> Economy type
> Switch type
> Socket type

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DEKI CAPACITOR GUIDE

Deki Electronics is like a bonsai. Small yet complete.

DEKI CAPACITOR GUIDE

PURPOSE OF RUNNING CAPACITOR

Fig: Capacitor Run Fan Motor

DEKI CAPACITOR GUIDE

CAPACITIVE TYPE FAN REGULATOR

CAPACITIVE FAN REGULATOR - BLOCK DIAGRAM

NOTE: Speed decreases with the increase in the number of turns

CAPACITIVE FAN REGULATOR - CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

DEKI CAPACITOR GUIDE

Applying KVL (Kirchofs voltage law), the calculated value of XC is For,

At this position, capacitor in the circuit = 2.2 F.

Let us examine the ISI standards for fan regulators as per

DEKI CAPACITOR GUIDE

Regulator Voltage VF Current Power Voltage VC

At this position, capacitor in the circuit 3.1 + 2.2 = 5.3 F.

At this position there is no capacitor in the circuit and the

Type A fan tested on a standard regulator

Power Voltage VC Speed

Power Voltage VC Speed

DEKI CAPACITOR GUIDE

Type B fan tested on a standard regulator

Regulator Voltage VF Current

Type A fan tested on a standard regulator

Type C fan tested on a standard regulator

Regulator Voltage VF Current Power Voltage VC Speed

224.10 105.6 211.00

210.10 162.9 263.75

193.70 250.0 316.50

166.70 321.2 369.25

0.06 422.0 422.00

DEKI CAPACITOR GUIDE

ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION

Different types of fans have been tested using a general regulator.

193.000 198.0 287.02

Full rated RPMs of different fans are different due to electrical

Type C fan tested on a standard regulator

Power Voltage VC Speed

Equivalent circuit of capacitor

NOTE: The measuring method shall be such that the

DEKI CAPACITOR GUIDE

Rth = thermal resistance of the capacitor in C / watts, and,

It must be: Pcmax < Pclim

CALCULATION OF POWER DISSIPATION

Vrmsci = RMS voltage of the ith harmonic in volts,

Putting the values in equation 4,

In sinusoidal waveform we take N = 1

For 40 C < Th < 100 C, Tlim = 10 C

Tlim = 20 [1-0.0166(Th -40] for MPP

For 100 C < Th < 105 C

However, metallised polyester capacitor scores over

Tlim = 20C for polypropylene capacitors with single sided

where, Pclim = maximum power that may be dissipated by the

Though MPP has better dielectric strength, MPET is more

DEKI CAPACITOR GUIDE

LIFE TEST CONDITIONS

CONSTRUCTION (DIP TYPE): Low inductive cell of metallised

CAPACITANCE TOLERANCE: 5%, 10%

DEKI CAPACITOR GUIDE