Sia3e SSM 07

Chapter 7
Section 7.1
3. 3b2 = 75
b2 = 25
b = 25
b = 5
The solution set is {5, 5} .
Are You Ready for This Section?

R1.
( 2 p + 3)2 = ( 2 p )2 + 2 ( 2 p )( 3) + 32
= 4 p 2 + 12 p + 9
2
R2. y 2 8 y + 16 = y 2 2 y 4 + 42 = ( y 4 )
R3.
R4.
x 2 + 5 x 14 = 0
( x + 7 )( x 2 ) = 0
x + 7 = 0 or x 2 = 0
x = 7 or
x=2
45 = 9 5 = 3 5
c.
12 = 1 4 3 = 2 3 i
3q 2 = 27
q 2 = 9
q = 9
q = 3i
The solution set is {3i, 3i} .
7.
R8. The absolute value of a number x, written x is

the distance from 0 to x on the real number line.
x if x < 0
Alternatively, x =
.
if x 0
x
Section 7.1 Quick Checks
2. p 2 = 48
p = 48
p = 4 3
p or x = p .
( y + 3)2 = 100
y + 3 = 100
y + 3 = 10
y = 3 10
y = 3 10 or y = 3 + 10
or y = 7
y = 13
x 2 = x by definition.
1. If x 2 = p, then x =

8.
( q 5)2 + 20 = 4
( q 5 )2 = 16
q 5 = 16
q 5 = 4i
q = 5 4i
The solution set is {5 4i, 5 + 4i} .
The solution set is 4 3, 4 3 .

548
6. 3q 2 + 27 = 0
36 = 6 because 62 = 36 .
b.
The solution set is 6 2 i, 6 2 i .
R6. The complex conjugate is 3 2i .

R7.
s 2 = 81
s = 81
s = 9
5. d 2 = 72
d = 72
d = 6 2 i
x 2 16 = 0
( x + 4 )( x 4 ) = 0
x+4=0
or x 4 = 0
x = 4 or
x=4
R5. a.
4. s 2 81 = 0
Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 7: Quadratic Equations and Functions
SSM: Intermediate Algebra
9. Start: p 2 + 14 p
2q 2 + 6q 1 = 0
13.
2 q 2 + 6q 1
Add: 14 = 49
2
( p + 7 )2
q 2 + 3q
1
2
1 1
1
q 2 + 3q + 3 = + 3
2 2
2
9
1
9
q 2 + 3q + = +
4 2 4
2
3
11
q
+
=
2
4
9
1
Add: 3 =
2
4
Result: w2 + 3w +
9
4
Factored Form: w +
2
q+
q+
b 2 + 2b 8 = 0
b2 + 2b
=8
2
1
1
b2 + 2b + 2 = 8 + 2
2
2
2
b + 2b + 1 = 8 + 1
3
2
3
2
11
11
2
3
11
q=
3
11 3
11
+
,
The solution set is
, or
2
2
2
2
3 11 3 + 11
,
.
2
2
( b + 1)2 = 9
b +1 = 9
b + 1 = 3
b = 1 3
b = 4 or b = 2
12.
1
q + 3q = 0
2
10. Start: w2 + 3w
11.
Result: p 2 + 14 p + 49
Factored Form:
z2 8z + 9 = 0
z2 8z
= 9
2
z 2 8 z + ( 8) = 9 + ( 8 )
2
z 2 8 z + 16 = 9 + 16
( z 4 )2 = 7
z4 = 7
z = 4 7
The solution set is 4 7, 4 + 7 .
549
know Hypotenuse 2 = Leg 2 + Leg 2 . We also
3m 2 + 2m + 7 = 0
14.
3m 2 + 2m + 7 0
=
3
3
7
2 2
m + m+ = 0
3
3
7
2 2
=
m + m
3
3
2
2
2
7 1 2
1 2
m2 + m + = +
3
3 2 3
2 3
2
1
7
1
m2 + m + = +
3
9
3 9
2
1
20
m+ =
3
9
1
20
m+ =
3
9
1
2 5
m+ =
i
3
3
1 2 5
m=
i
3
3
1 2 5
1 2 5
The solution set is
i, +
i.
3
3
3
3
15. The side of a right triangle opposite the 90
angle is called the hypotenuse; the remaining
two sides are called legs.
16. False. The Pythagorean Theorem states that, in a
right triangle, the square of the length of the
hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of
the length of the legs.
2
17. c = a + b
know 200 feet =
c 2 = 32 + 42
= 9 + 16
= 25
c = 25
=5
The hypotenuse is 5 units long.
200
is 3960 +
miles. Since one leg is the
5280
line of sight, d, and the other leg is 3960 miles,

we have that
2
200
d 2 + 39602 = 3960 +
5280
2
200
2
d 2 = 3960 +
3960
5280
d 2 300.001435
d 300.001435
17.32
The sailor can see approximately 17.32 miles.
7.1 Exercises
19. y 2 = 100
y = 100
y = 10
21. p 2 = 50
p = 50
p = 5 2
25. w2 =
18. Let d represent the unknown distance.

Line of sight = d
3960 miles
5
4
5
4
5
w=
2
w=
5
5
The solution set is
,
.
2
2
Center of Earth
Since the line of sight and the two lines drawn

from the center of Earth form a right triangle, we
550
200
mile , so the hypotenuse
5280
23. m 2 = 25
m = 25
m = 5i
200 feet
27. x 2 + 5 = 13
37. 3 ( q + 5 ) 1 = 8
x2 = 8
x= 8
x = 2 2
3 ( q + 5) = 9
( q + 5 )2 = 3
q+5 = 3
q = 5 3
z 2 = 16
z = 16
z = 4
39.
8
3
8
x=
x=
3
2 2
3
2 6
x=
3
2
5
41. x =
3
9
2
5
x =
3
9
2
5
x =
3
3
2
5
x=
3 3
3
3
2 6 2 6
The solution set is
,
.
3
3
33. 2 p 2 + 23 = 15
5 2
5
2
, +
The solution set is
.
3 3 3 3
2 p = 8
p 2 = 4
p = 4
p = 2i
43. x 2 + 8 x + 16 = 81
( x + 4 )2 = 81

35.
( 3q + 1)2 = 9
3q + 1 = 9
3q + 1 = 3
3q = 1 3
3q = 1 3 or 3q = 1 + 3
3q = 4 or 3q = 2
4
2
q = or q =
3
3
4 2
The solution set is , .
3 3
31. 3x 2 = 8
8
x2 =
3
x=
29. 3z 2 = 48
x + 4 = 81
x + 4 = 9
x = 4 9
x = 4 9 or x = 4 + 9
x = 13 or x = 5
( d 1)2 = 18
d 1 = 18
d 1 = 3 2i
d = 1 3 2i
The solution set is 1 3 2i, 1 + 3 2i .
45. Start: x 2 + 10 x
2
Add: 10 = 25
2
Result: x 2 + 10 x + 25
Factored Form:
( x + 5 )2
551
47. Start: z 2 18 z
x2 4 x + 1 = 0
55.
x2 4 x
Add: ( 18 ) = 81
2
x 2 4 x + ( 4 ) = 1 + ( 4 )
2
x 2 4 x + 4 = 1 + 4
Result: z 2 18 z + 81
Factored Form:
( z 9 )2
x2 = 3
x = 2 3
49
1
Add: 7 =
4
2
49
Result: y 2 + 7 y +
4
a 2 4a + 5 = 0
57.
2
a 2 4a
a 2 4a + ( 4 ) = 5 + ( 4 )
2
2
a 2 4a + 4 = 5 + 4
x + 4x
a 2 = 1
a 2 = i
a = 2i
The solution set is {2 i, 2 + i} .
59.
1
1
x 2 + 4 x + 4 = 12 + 4
2
2
2
x + 4 x + 4 = 12 + 4
=2
2
( x + 2 )2 = 16
x + 2 = 16
x + 2 = 4
x = 2 4
x = 6 or x = 2
552
b2 + 5b 2 = 0
b2 + 5b
= 12
2
( a 2 )2 = 1
Factored Form: w +
4
= 5
2
1
1 1
Add: =
16
2 2
1
1
Result: w2 + w +
2
16
53.
1
51. Start: w2 + w
2
( x 2 )2 = 3
49. Start: y 2 + 7 y
Factored Form: y +
2
= 1
2
1
1
b2 + 5b + 5 = 2 + 5
2
2
25
25
2
= 2+
b + 5b +
4
4
2
5
33
b + =
2
4
5
33
b+ =
2
4
5
33
b+ =
2
2
5
33
b=
2
2
5
33
5
33
, +
The solution set is
.
2
2
2
2
m 2 = 8m + 3
61.
2 y 2 5 y 12 = 0
65.
m 2 8m = 3
2 y 2 5 y 12
m 2 8m + ( 8 ) = 3 + ( 8 )
2
m 2 8m + 16 = 3 + 16
2
2
y
y2
( m 4 )2 = 19
m 4 = 19
m = 4 19
y2
p p + ( 1)
2
1
2
p p+
4
2
1
p
2
1
p
2
1
p
2
=6
5
2
y+
25
16
25
= 6+
16
= 3 + ( 1)
2
1
= 3 +
4
11
=
4
11
=
4
11
=
i
2
1
11
p=
i
2
2
1
11 1
11
i, +
i .
The solution set is
2
2
2
2
2
y6 = 0
5
121
y =
4
16
= 3
2
y2
p2 p + 3 = 0
p2 p
2
5
5
1 5
1 5
y + = 6 +
2
2 2
2 2

63.
2
5
5
4
5
4
=
=
y=
5
4
y=
121
16
11
4
11
3
2
or y = 4
3
The solution set is , 4 .
2
553
3y2 6 y + 2 = 0
67.
3 y2 6 y + 2
3
2
y 2y +
2
3
y2 2 y
71.
=0
2
x2 + 2 x
2 1
1
y 2 2 y + ( 2 ) = + ( 2 )
2
3
2
1
3
y 1 =
y 1 =
y 1 =
y = 1
1
3
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
, 1+
The solution set is 1
.
3
3
73. c 2 = 62 + 82
= 36 + 64
= 100
c = 100 = 10
2z2 5z + 1 = 0
69.
2 z 2 5z + 1 0
=
2
2
1
2 5
z z+ =0
2
2
1
2 5
y y
=
2
2
2
5
1 1 5
1 5
z + = +
2
2 2 2
2 2
25
1 25
2 5
= +
z z+
2
16
2 16
2
5
17
z =
4
16
5
17
z =
4
16
5
17
z =
4
4
5
17
z=
4
4
17 5
17
5
, +
The solution set is
.
4
4
4
4
z2
554
5
2
( y 1)
5 1
1
x2 + 2 x + 2 = + 2
2
2 2
5
x2 + 2 x + 1 = + 1
2
3
2
( x + 1) =
2
3
x +1 =
2
3
x +1 =
i
2
6
x +1 =
i
2
6
x = 1
i
2
6
6
i, 1 +
i .
2
2
y2 2 y + 1 = +1
2
2 x2 + 4 x + 5 = 0
2 x2 + 4 x + 5 0
=
2
2
5
2
x + 2x + = 0
2
75. c 2 = 122 + 162

= 144 + 256
= 400
c = 400 = 20
77. c 2 = 52 + 52
= 25 + 25
= 50
c = 50 = 5 2 7.07
79. c 2 = 12 +
( 3)
= 1+ 3
=4
c= 4=2
91. Let x represent the diagonal.
81. c 2 = 62 + 102
= 36 + 100
= 136
c = 136 = 2 34 11.66
x 2 = 82 + 4 2
x 2 = 64 + 16
x 2 = 80
x = 80 = 4 5 8.944
83. c 2 = a 2 + b2
82 = 4 2 + b 2
64 = 16 + b
93. Let x represent the distance from the ball to the

center of the green.
x 2 = 302 + 1002
48 = b 2
b = 48
b = 4 3 6.93
85.
x 2 = 900 + 10, 000

x 2 = 10,900
x = 10,900 104.403
The ball is approximately 104.403 yards from
the center of the green.
c2 = a 2 + b2
122 = a 2 + 82
144 = a 2 + 64
95. Let x represent the length of the guy wire.
x 2 = 102 + 302
80 = a
a = 80
a = 4 5 8.94
87.
x 2 = 100 + 900
x 2 = 1000
x = 1000 31.623
The guy wire is approximately 31.623 feet long.
f ( x ) = 36
( x 3)2 = 36
97. a.
x 3 = 36
x 3 = 6
x = 36
x = 3 6 or x = 3 + 6
x = 3 or x = 9
10 feet
25 = 102 + x 2
2
g ( x ) = 18
625 = 100 + x 2
( x + 2 )2 = 18
x + 2 = 18
x + 2 = 3 2
x = 2 3 2
525 = x 2
x = 525
x 22.913
The ladder can reach approximately 22.913
feet up the wall.
The solution set is 2 3 2, 2 + 3 2 .
25 feet
The points (3, 36) and (9, 36) are on the graph
of f.
89.
Let x represent the height up the wall to

which the ladder can reach.
The points 2 3 2 , 18 and 2 + 3 2 , 18
b.
Let x represent the distance that the base of

the ladder can be from the wall.
are on the graph of g.
25 feet
20 feet
x
555
252 = x 2 + 202
105. 202 =142 + 182
625 = x 2 + 400
400 =196 + 324
225 = x
x = 225
x = 15
The base of the ladder can be at most 15 feet
from the wall.
Because c a 2 + b 2 , the triangle is not a right

triangle.
16 = 16t 2
s = 16t 2
c.
4 = t2
t= 4
t=2
It takes 2 seconds for an object to fall
64 feet.
101. 1200 = 1000 (1 + r )
1.2 = (1 + r )
+ ( 2mn )
= m 4 + 2m 2 n 2 + n 4
Because c 2 and a 2 + b 2 result in the same
expression, a, b, and c are the lengths of the
sides of a right triangle.
109.
a 2 5a 36 = 0
( a 9 )( a + 4 ) = 0
a 9 = 0 or a + 4 = 0
a=9
or
a = 4
111.
64 = 16t 2
= m 4 + 2m 2 n 2 + n 4
= m 4 2m 2 n 2 + n 4 + 4m 2 n 2
s = 16t 2
3 = t2
t= 3
t 1.732
It takes approximately 1.732 seconds for an
object to fall 48 feet.
1= t
t= 1
t =1
It takes 1 second for an object to fall 16 feet.
48 = 16t 2
a 2 + b 2 = m2 n2
b.
False
2
107. c 2 = m 2 + n2
s = 16t 2
99. a.
400 = 520
4q + 1 = 3
4q + 1 = 3 or 4q + 1 = 3
4q = 2 or
4 q = 4
1
q=
or
q = 1
2
1
The solution set is 1, .

2
113. In both cases, the simpler equations are linear.
Section 7.2
1 + r = 1.2
r = 1 + 1.2
r 0.0954
The required rate of interest is approximately
9.54%.

R1. a.
b.
121 = 11 because 112 = 121 .

54 = 9 6 = 3 6
103. 172 = 82 + 152
R2. a.
289 = 64 + 225
?
289 = 289
b.
9 = 1 9 = 3i
72 = 1 36 2 = 6 2 i
True
2
Because c = a 2 + b2 , the triangle is a right

triangle. The hypotenuse is 17.
556
R3.
3 + 18 3 + 3 2
=
6
6
3 1+ 2
=
6
1+ 2
1
2
=
or +
2
2 2
2 x2 + 7 x 4 = 0
For this equation, a = 2 , b = 7 , and c = 4 .
x=
ax 2 + bx + c = 0, a 0, are given by the

b b 2 4ac
.
2a
2. 2 x 2 3x 9 = 0
( 3 )
( 3)2 4 ( 2 )( 9 )
2 ( 2)
3 9 + 72
4
3 81
=
4
39
=
4
39
3+ 9
or x =
x=
4
4
12
6
or =
=
4
4
3
or = 3
=
2
3
2
=
2 ( 2)
7 49 + 32
4
7 81
=
4
7 9
=
4
7 9
7 + 9
x=
or x =
4
4
16
2
=
or =
4
4
1
= 4
=
or
2
1

2
1. The solution(s) to the quadratic equation
x=
7 7 2 4 ( 2 )( 4 )
quadratic formula x =
2 x2 + 7 x = 4
3.
4. False; 3x 2 2 x = 9 or 3x 2 2 x 9 = 0, so
a = 3, b = 2, and c = 9.
4 z 2 + 1 = 8z
5.
4 z 2 8z + 1 = 0
z=
( 8 )
( 8 )2 4 ( 4 )(1)
2 ( 4)
8 64 16
8
8 48
=
8
8 4 3
=
8
8 4 3
=
8
8
3
= 1
2
=
3
3
, 1+
.
2
2
557
6.
8. z 2 + 2 z + 26 = 0
25
= 20
w
25
w 4w + = w ( 20 )
w
4w2 + 25 = 20 w
4w +
z=
=
w=
( 20 )2 4 ( 4 )( 25 )
2 ( 4)
20 400 400
8
20 0
=
8
20
=
8
5
=
2
5
The solution set is .
2
=
2x = 8
7.
9. In the quadratic formula, the quantity b2 4ac

is called the discriminant of the quadratic
equation.
10. False; the discriminant is b2 4ac or
25 4(4)(1) = 9.
3
x
11. If the discriminant of a quadratic equation is

negative, then the quadratic equation has two
complex solutions that are not real.
x (2x ) = x 8
x
2
2 x = 8x 3
2 x2 8x + 3 = 0
For this equation, a = 2, b = 8, and c = 3 .
x=
( 8 )
2 (1)
2 4 104
2
2 100
=
2
2 10i
=
2
2 10i
=
2
2
= 1 5i
4 w2 20w + 25 = 0
( 20 )
2 22 4 (1)( 26 )
( 8 )2 4 ( 2 )( 3)
2 ( 2)
12. False. The equation will have one repeated real

solution.
13. True.
14. 2 z 2 + 5 z + 4 = 0
b2 4ac = 52 4 ( 2 )( 4 ) = 25 32 = 7
8 64 24
4
8 40
=
4
8 2 10
=
4
8 2 10
=
4
4
10
= 2
2
=
Because b2 4ac = 7 is negative, the quadratic

equation will have two complex solutions that
are not real. The solutions will be complex
conjugates of each other.
15.
4 y 2 + 12 y = 9
4 y 2 + 12 y + 9 = 0
10
10

, 2+
.
2
2
b2 4ac = 122 4 ( 4 )( 9 ) = 144 144 = 0

Because b2 4ac = 0 , the quadratic equation
will have one repeated real solution.
16. 2 x 2 4 x + 1 = 0
558
b2 4ac = ( 4 ) 4 ( 2 )(1) = 16 8 = 8
0.005 x + 4 x = 600
Because b2 4ac = 8 is positive, but not a

perfect square, the quadratic equation will have
two irrational solutions.
0.005 x 2 + 4 x 600 = 0
For this equation, a = 0.005 , b = 4 , and
c = 600 .
17. True.
x=
18. 5n 2 45 = 0
Because this equation has no linear term, solve
by using the square root method.
y=
( 5 )
( 5)2 4 ( 2 )( 6 )
2 ( 2)
R ( x ) = 800
b.
2
0.005 x + 4 x = 800
0.005 x 2 + 4 x 800 = 0
For this equation, a = 0.005 , b = 4 , and
c = 800 .
x=
5 25 48
4
5 23
=
4
5 23 i
=
4
=
2 ( 0.005 )
4 4
0.01
4 2
=
0.01
6
2
x=
or x =
0.01
0.01
= 600
= 200
or
If revenue is to be $600 per day, then either
200 or 600 DVDs must be rented.
n2 = 9
n= 9
= 3
2 y2 5 y + 6 = 0
Because this equation does not easily factor,
solve by using the quadratic formula. For this
equation, a = 2 , b = 5 , and c = 6 .
4 42 4 ( 0.005 )( 600 )
5n 2 = 45
19. 2 y 2 + 5 y 6 = 0
R ( x ) = 600
21. a.
4 42 4 ( 0.005 )( 800 )
2 ( 0.005 )
4 0
0.01
4 0
=
0.01
4
x=
= 400
0.01
If revenue is to be $800 per day, then
400 DVDs must be rented.
=
5 23 i 5 + 23 i
The solution set is
,
or
4
4
23 5
23
5
i, +
i .

4
4
4
4
22. Let w represent the width of the rectangle. Then

w + 14 will represent the length.
2
20.
w2 + ( w + 14 ) = 342
3w2 + 2 w = 5
3w2 + 2 w 5 = 0
Because this equation factors easily, solve by
factoring.
( 3w + 5 )( w 1) = 0
3w + 5 = 0
or w 1 = 0
3w = 5 or
w =1
5
w=
3
5
3
w2 + w2 + 28w + 196 = 1156

2 w2 + 28w 960 = 0
w2 + 14 w 480 = 0
( w 16 )( w + 30 ) = 0
w 16 = 0 or w + 30 = 0
w = 16 or
w = 30
We disregard w = 30 because w represents the
width of the rectangle, which must be positive.
Thus, w = 16 is the only viable answer. Now,
w + 14 = 16 + 14 = 30 . Thus, the dimensions of
the rectangle are 16 meters by 30 meters.
559

7.2 Exercises
23. x 2 4 x 12 = 0
x=
( 4 )
27. 4m 2 8m + 1 = 0
m=
( 4 )2 4 (1)( 12 )
2 (1)
4 16 + 48
2
4 64
=
2
48
=
2
48
4+8
x=
or x =
2
2
4
12
=
or =
2
2
= 2
or = 6
8 64 16
8
8 48 8 4 3
3
=
=
= 1
8
8
8
2
3
3
, 1+
.
2
2
29.
( 1)
w=
( 1)2 4 ( 6 )( 15 )
2 ( 6)
1 1 + 360
12
1 361
=
12
1 19
=
12
1 19
1 + 19
y=
or y =
12
12
18
20
=
or =
12
12
3
5
=
or =
2
3
3 5
2 3
1
w
1
( 3w 6 ) w = w
w
2
3w 6w = 1
3w 6 =
3w2 6w 1 = 0
25. 6 y 2 y 15 = 0
y=
( 8)2 4 ( 4 )(1)
2 ( 4)
( 8 )
( 6 )
( 6 )2 4 ( 3)( 1)
2 ( 3)
6 36 + 12
6
6 48
=
6
=
64 3 6 4 3
2 3
=
= 1
6
6
6
3
2 3
2 3
, 1+
.
3
3
3 p 2 = 2 p + 4
31.
3 p2 + 2 p 4 = 0
p=
2 22 4 ( 3)( 4 )
2 ( 3)
2 4 + 48
6
2 52
=
6
=
2 2 13
2 2 13
1
=
=
6
6
6
3
1
13
1
The solution set is
, +
3
3
3
560
13
3
13
.
3
33. x 2 2 x + 7 = 0
x=
( 2 )
39. 1 = 3q 2 + 4q
0 = 3q 2 + 4q 1
( 2 )2 4 (1)( 7 )
2 (1)
q=
2 4 28
2
2 24
=
2
22 6 i
=
2
2 2 6i
=
= 1 6 i
2
2
=
4 16 + 12
6
4 28
=
6
4 2 7 4 2 7
2
7
=
=
6
6
6
3 3
7
2
7
2
The solution set is
, +
.
3
3
3
3
2z2 + 7 = 2z
2z2 2z + 7 = 0
z=
( 2 )
41. x 2 5 x + 1 = 0
2
b2 4ac = ( 5 ) 4 (1)(1) = 25 4 = 21
( 2 ) 4 ( 2 )( 7 )
2 ( 2)
2 4 56
4
2 52
=
4
2 2 13 i
=
4
2 2 13 i 1
13
=
=
i
4
4
2
2
13 1
13
1
The solution set is
i, +
i .
2
2
2
2

43. 3z 2 + 2 z + 5 = 0
b2 4ac = 22 4 ( 3)( 5 ) = 4 60 = 56
Because b2 4ac = 56 is negative, the
quadratic equation will have two complex
solutions that are not real. The solutions will be
complex conjugates of each other.
45. 9q 2 6q + 1 = 0
4 x2 = 2 x + 1
37.

2
b2 4ac = ( 6 ) 4 ( 9 )(1) = 36 36 = 0
4x 2x 1 = 0
x=
( 2 )
2 ( 3)
The solution set is 1 6 i, 1 + 6 i .

35.
4 42 4 ( 3)( 1)

( 2 ) 4 ( 4 )( 1)
2 ( 4)
2 4 + 16
=
8
2 20
=
8
22 5 2 2 5 1
5
=
=
=
8
8
8
4 4
5 1
5
1
, +
The solution set is
.
4 4 4 4
47.
3w2 = 4 w 2
3w2 4w + 2 = 0
2
b2 4ac = ( 4 ) 4 ( 3)( 2 ) = 16 24 = 8
561
49. 6 x = 2 x 2 1
0 = 2x2 6 x 1
2
b2 4ac = ( 6 ) 4 ( 2 )( 1) = 36 + 8 = 44
57. q 2 + 2q + 8 = 0
equation, a = 1, b = 2, and c = 8 .

( 5 )
2 4 32
2
2 28
=
2
2 2 7i 2 2 7i
=
=
= 1 7i
2
2
2
( 5 )2 4 (1)( 5)
2 (1)
5 25 20 5 5 5
5
=
=
2
2
2 2
5
5 5
5
, +
The solution set is
.
2 2 2 2
59. 2 z 2 = 2 ( z + 3)
2
61.
2 x = 3x + 35
2 x 3x 35 = 0
factoring.
( 2 x + 7 )( x 5 ) = 0
2x + 7 = 0
or x 5 = 0
2 x = 7 or
x=5
7
x=
2
7
2
562
4
q
4
( 7q 2 ) q = q
q
7q 2 =
7 q 2 2q = 4
2 z = 2 z + 12 z + 18
0 = 12 z + 18
12 z = 18
18
3
z= =
12
2
3
2
3x 2 + 5 x 8 = 0
factoring.
( 3x + 8 )( x 1) = 0
3x + 8 = 0
or x 1 = 0
3x = 8 or
x =1
8
x=
3
8
3
2z2 = 2 z2 + 6z + 9
3x 2 + 5 x = 8
55.
The solution set is 1 7i, 1 + 7i .
53.
2 (1)
51. w2 5w + 5 = 0
w=
2 22 4 (1)( 8 )
q=
7 q 2 2q 4 = 0
q=
( 2 )
( 2 )2 4 ( 7 )( 4 )
2 (7)
2 4 + 112 2 116
=
14
14
2 2 29 2 2 29 1
=
=
=
14
14
14
7
29 1
1
The solution set is
, +
7
7
7
=
29
7
29
.
7
63. 5a 2 80 = 0
x=
=
a 2 = 16
a = 16 = 4
8n 2 + 1 = 4 n
8n 2 4 n + 1 = 0
n=
( 4 )
( 4 )2 4 (8 )(1)
2 ( 8)
71.
4 16 32
16
4 16
=
16
4 4i 4 4i 1 1
=
= = i
16
16 16 4 4
1 1 1 1
The solution set is i, + i .
4 4 4 4
=
67. 27 x 2 + 36 x + 12 = 0
27 x 2 + 36 x + 12 0
=
3
3
2
9 x + 12 x + 4 = 0
factoring.
( 3x + 2 )( 3 x + 2 ) = 0
3x + 2 = 0
or 3x + 2 = 0
3x = 2 or
3 x = 2
2
2
x=
or
x=
3
3
2
3
69.
1 2 2
x + x 1 = 0
3
9
1 2 2
9 x + x 1 = 9 ( 0 )
3
9
2 ( 3)
2 4 + 108
6
2 112
=
6
2 4 7
=
6
2 4 7
1 2 7
=
=
6
6
3
3
1 2 7
1 2 7
The solution set is
, +
.
3
3
3
3
5a 2 = 80
65.
2 22 4 ( 3)( 9 )
3x 2 + 2 x 9 = 0
( x 5 )( x + 1) = 4
x2 4 x 5 = 4
x2 4 x 9 = 0
x=
( 4 )
( 4 )2 4 (1)( 9 )
2 (1)
4 16 + 36
2
4 52
=
2
4 2 13
=
2
4 2 13
=
= 2 13
2
2
=

73. Note: x 2 .
x2
= x 3
x+2
x2
( x + 2 )
= ( x + 2 )( x 3)
x+2
x 2 = x2 x 6
0 = x2 2 x 4
563
x=
( 2 )
x + 4 x 21 = 21
x2 + 4 x = 0
x ( x + 4) = 0
x = 0 or x + 4 = 0
x = 4
The points (7, 0), (3, 0), (4, 21) and

(0, 21) are on the graph of f.
2 x 4 x + 1 = 0
2 x2 + 4 x 1 = 0
=2
x2 + 2
x4
2
x2 + 2
= x + 2 ( 2)
x2 + 2
x 4 = 2 x2 + 4
x=
( 1)2 4 ( 2 )( 8 )
2 ( 2)
1 1 64
4
1 63
=
4
1 3 7 i 1 3 7
=
=
i
4
4
4
1 3 7 1 3 7
i, +
i .
The solution set is
4
4
4
4
=
77. a.
2 ( 2)
4 16 + 8
4
4 24
=
4
6
4 2 6 4 2 6
=
=
= 1
4
4
4
2
6
6
, 1 +
.
2
2
0 = 2x x + 8
( 1)
4 42 4 ( 2 )( 1)
x=
H ( x) = 0
79. a.
x4
75.
f ( x ) = 21
b.
( 2 )2 4 (1)( 4 )
2 (1)
2 4 + 16
2
2 20
=
2
22 5
=
2
2 2 5
=
= 1 5
2
2
H ( x) = 2
b.
2
2 x 4 x + 1 = 2
0 = 2x2 + 4 x + 1
x=
4 42 4 ( 2 )(1)
2 ( 2)
4 16 8
4
4 8
=
4
2
4 2 2 4 2 2
=
=
= 1
4
4
4
2
2
2
, 1+
.
2
2
f ( x) = 0
x 2 + 4 x 21 = 0
( x + 7 )( x 3) = 0
x + 7 = 0 or x 3 = 0
x = 7 or
x=3
81. G ( x ) = 3 x 2 + 2 x 2
3x 2 + 2 x 2 = 0
564
x=
87. Let x represent the length of the rectangle. Then

x + 4 will represent the width.
x ( x + 4 ) = 40
( 2 )2 4 ( 3)( 2 )
2 ( 3)
2 4 + 24
6
2 28
=
6
2 2 7
=
6
2 2 7
=
6
6
1
7
=
3 3
x 2 + 4 x = 40
x + 4 x 40 = 0
x=
7
1
7
1
The solution set is
, +
.
3
3
3
3
The zeros of G(x) are x =

83.
x 2 + ( x + 1) = ( 2 x 1)
1 7
.
3
2 (1)
4 16 + 160 4 176
=
=
2
2
4 4 11
4 4 11
=
=
= 2 2 11
2
2
2
Disregard x = 2 2 11 8.633 because x
represents the length of the rectangle, which
must be positive. Thus, x = 2 + 2 11 4.633
is the only viable answer. Now,
x + 4 = 2 + 2 11 + 4 = 2 + 2 11 8.633 . Thus,
the dimensions of the rectangle are 2 + 2 11
inches by 2 + 2 11 inches, which is

approximately 4.633 inches by 8.633 inches.
x 2 + x2 + 2 x + 1 = 4 x2 4 x + 1
2 x2 + 2 x + 1 = 4 x2 4 x + 1
0 = 2 x2 6 x
0 = 2 x ( x 3)
2 x = 0 or x 3 = 0
x = 0 or
x=3
Disregard x = 0 because x represents the length
of one leg of the triangle. Thus, x = 3 is the
only viable answer. Now, x + 1 = 3 + 1 = 4 and
2 x 1 = 2 ( 3) 1 = 5 . The three measurements
are 3, 4, and 5.
85.
4 42 4 (1)( 40 )
( 5 x 1)2 + ( x + 2 )2 = ( 5 x )2
25 x 2 10 x + 1 + x 2 + 4 x + 4 = 25 x 2
26 x 2 6 x + 5 = 25 x 2
2
x 6x + 5 = 0
x
( 1)( x 5) = 0
x 1 = 0 or x 5 = 0
x = 1 or
x=5
For x = 1 , x + 2 = 1 + 2 = 3 , 5 x 1 = 5 (1) 1 = 4 ,
and 5 x = 5 (1) = 5 .
For x = 5 , x + 2 = 5 + 2 = 7 ,
5 x 1 = 5 ( 5 ) 1 = 24 , and 5 x = 5 ( 5 ) = 25 .
The three measurements can be either 3, 4, and
5, or 7, 24, and 25.
89. Let x represent the base of the triangle. Then

x 3 will represent the height.
1
x ( x 3) = 25
2
1 2 3
x x 25 = 0
2
2
1 2 3
2 x x 25 = 2 ( 0 )
2
2
x 2 3 x 50 = 0
x=
( 3 )
( 3)2 4 (1)( 50 )
2 (1)
3 9 + 200 3 209 3
209
=
=
2
2
2
2
3
209
Disregard x =
5.728 because x
2
2
represents the base of the triangle, which must be
3
209
positive. Thus, x = +
8.728 is the
2
2
only viable answer. Now,
3
209
3
209
x 3 = +
3 = +
5.728 .
2
2
2
2
Thus, the base of the triangle is
=
565
3
209
inches, which is approximately
+
2
2
8.728 inches. The height of the triangle is
3
209
inches, which is approximately
+
2
2
5.728 inches.
91. a.
x=
70 4900 4900
0.2
70 0
=
0.2
70 0 70
=
=
= 350
0.2
0.2
The revenue will be $12,250 per week if
350 pairs of sunglasses are sold per week.
If 17 pairs of sunglasses are sold per week,

then the companys revenue will be
$1161.10.
2
40 = 16t 2 + 70t + 5
16t 2 70t + 35 = 0
For this equation, a = 16, b = 70, and
c = 35 .
R ( x ) = 10, 000
x=
0.1x + 70 x = 10, 000

2
0 = 0.1x 70 x + 10, 000

For this equation, a = 0.1, b = 70, and
c = 10, 000 .
x=
( 70 )
R ( x ) = 12, 250
0.1x 2 + 70 x = 12, 250
0 = 0.1x 2 70 x + 12, 250
c = 12, 250 .
566
( 70 )2 4 (16 )( 35 )
2 (16 )
70 4900 2240
32
70 2660
=
32
70 2 665
=
32
35 665
35 + 665
x=
or x =
16
16
0.576
or 3.799
( 70 )2 4 ( 0.1)(10, 000 )
2 ( 0.1)
70 4900 4000
0.2
70 900 70 30
=
=
0.2
0.2
70 30
70 + 30
x=
or x =
0.2
0.2
40
100
=
= 200 or =
= 500
0.2
0.2
either 200 or 500 pairs of sunglasses are
sold per week.
( 70 )
c.
s (t ) = 40
93. a.
If 25 pairs of sunglasses are sold per week,

then the companys revenue will be
$1687.50.
b.
( 70 )2 4 ( 0.1)(12, 250 )
2 ( 0.1)
R (17 ) = 0.1(17 ) + 70 (17 ) = 1161.1
R ( 25 ) = 0.1( 25 ) + 70 ( 25 ) = 1687.5
( 70 )
Rounding to the nearest tenth, the height of

the ball will be 40 feet after approximately
0.6 second and after approximately
3.8 seconds.
s (t ) = 70
b.
70 = 16t 2 + 70t + 5
16t 2 70t + 65 = 0
c = 65 .
x=
( 70 )
( 70 )2 4 (16 )( 65 )
2 (16 )
70 4900 4160
32
70 740
=
32
70 2 185
=
32
35 185
=
16
35 185
35 + 185
x=
or x =
16
16
1.337
or 3.038
1.3 seconds and after approximately 3.0
seconds.
=
x 6
=
24 x
x x = 24 6
x 2 = 144
x = 144 = 12
Disregard x = 12 because x represents a
length, which must be positive. Thus, x = 12 is
the only viable answer.
97. a.
55a 2 5119a + 94, 448 = 0

c = 94, 448 .
x=
16t 2 70t + 145 = 0

c = 145 .
x=
( 5119 )2 4 ( 55)( 94, 448)

2 ( 55)
5119 26, 204,161 20, 778,560

110
5119 5, 425, 601
=
110
5119 5, 425, 601
x=
25.361
110
or
5119 + 5, 425, 601
x=
67.712
110
Rounding to the nearest year, the average
income equals $40,000 at ages 25 and 68.
150 = 16t 2 + 70t + 5
( 70 )
( 5119 )
s (t ) = 150
c.
I (a) = 40, 000

40, 000 = 55a 2 + 5119a 54, 448
( 70 )2 4 (16 )(145 )
2 (16 )
70 4900 9280
32
70 4380
=
32
70 2 1095 i
=
32
35 1095 i
=
16
35
185
35
185
+
x=
i or x =
i
16
16
16
16
The ball will never reach a height of 150
feet. This is clear because the solutions to
the equation above are complex solutions
that are not real.
=
AB DE
=
.
BC EC
BC = 24 , DE = 6 , AB = x , and EC = x ,
95. Because ABC DEC , we know
b.
I (a) = 50, 000

50, 000 = 55a 2 + 5119a 54, 448
55a 2 5119a + 104, 448 = 0
c = 104, 448 .
x=
( 5119 )
( 5119 )2 4 ( 55)(104, 448)

2 ( 55 )
5119 26, 204,161 22,978,560

110
5119 3, 225, 601
=
110
5119 3, 225,601
x=
30.209
110
or
5119 + 3, 225, 601
x=
62.864
110
Rounding to the nearest year, the average
income equals $50,000 at ages 30 and 63.
=
567

99. Let x represent speed of the current.
Distance
Rate
Time
Up
Stream
5x
4
5 x
Down
Stream
5+x
4
5+ x
4
4
+
=6
5 x 5+ x
4
4
+
( 5 x )( 5 + x )
= ( 5 x )( 5 + x )( 6 )
5 x 5+ x
4 ( 5 + x ) + 4 ( 5 x ) = 25 x 2 ( 6 )
20 + 4 x + 20 4 x = 150 6 x 2
40 = 150 6 x 2
6 x 2 = 110
110
x2 =
6
110
x=
6
x 4.282
The speed of the current is approximately 4.3
miles per hour.
101. Let t represent the time required for Susan to
finish the route alone. Then t 1 will represent
the time required for Robert to finish the route
alone.
Part done Part done Part done
by Susan + by Robert = together
in 1 hour in 1 hour in 1 hour

1
1
1
+
=
t
t 1
2
1 1
1
2t ( t 1) +
= 2t ( t 1)
t t 1
2
2 ( t 1) + 2t = t ( t 1)
2t 2 + 2t = t 2 t
2
4t 2 = t t
0 = t 2 5t + 2
t=
( 5 )
( 5 )2 4 (1)( 2 )
2 (1)
568
Roberts time negative:

t 1 = 0.438 1 = 0.562 . The only viable
answer is t 4.562 hours. Working alone, it
will take Susan approximately 4.6 hours to finish
the route.
103. By the quadratic formula, the solutions of the
equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 are
b b2 4ac
b + b2 4ac
and x =
.
2a
2a
The sum of these two solutions is:
x=
b b 2 4ac b + b 2 4ac 2b
b
+
=
= .
2a
2a
2a
a
105. Assume b2 4ac 0 . The solutions of
ax 2 + bx + c = 0 are x =
b b2 4ac
.
2a
The solutions of ax 2 bx + c = 0 are
( b )
( b )2 4ac
b b2 4ac
.
2a
2a
Now, the negatives of the solutions to
x=
ax 2 bx + c = 0 are
b b2 4ac b b2 4ac
=
.
2a
2a
b b2 4ac
2a
which are the solutions to ax 2 + bx + c = 0 .

Thus, the real solutions of ax 2 + bx + c = 0 are
the negatives of the real solutions of
ax 2 bx + c = 0 .
107. Answers may vary. One possibility follows: If
the quadratic equation is in the form
ax 2 + bx + c = 0 (or if it can easily be put in that

form) and if the left side is easy to factor, then
use factoring to solve the equation. Note that the
discriminant must be a perfect square.
109. a.
f ( x ) = x 2 + 3x + 2
Let x = 3, 2, 1.5, 1, and 0 .
5 25 8 5 17
=
2
2
5
17
5
17
t=
0.438 or t = +
4.562
2
2
2
2
Disregard t 0.438 because this value makes
=
f ( 3) = ( 3) + 3 ( 3) + 2 = 9 9 + 2 = 2
2
f ( 2 ) = ( 2 ) + 3 ( 2 ) + 2 = 4 6 + 2 = 0
f ( 1.5 ) = ( 1.5) + 3 ( 1.5) + 2

= 2.25 4.5 + 2
= 0.25
(1, 4)
Thus, the points ( 3, 2 ) , ( 2, 0 ) ,
are on
( x 1)2 = 0
x 1 = 0
x =1
The solution set is {1} .
2 (0, 2)
x
1
(1, 0)
c.
From the graph in part (a), the x-intercept of

the function g ( x ) = x 2 2 x + 1 is 1, which
b.
is the same as the solution of the equation
x 2 2 x + 1 = 0 . To find the x-intercepts of

a function, set the function equal to zero and
solve for x.
x + 3x + 2 = 0
( x + 1)( x + 2 ) = 0
x + 1 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
x = 1 or
x = 2
c.
x 7x + 3 = 0
2
b2 4ac = ( 7 ) 4 (1)( 3) = 49 12 = 37
From the graph in part (a), the x-intercepts

perfect square, the equation has two irrational
solutions. This conclusion based on the
discriminant is apparent in the graph because the
graph crosses the x-axis in two places. That is,
the graph has two x-intercepts.
and 1 , which are the same as the solutions

of the equation x 2 + 3 x + 2 = 0 . To find the
x-intercepts of a function, set the function
equal to zero and solve for x.
g ( x ) = x2 2 x + 1
f ( x) = 0
113.
of the function f ( x ) = x 2 + 3x + 2 are 2
111. a.
x2 2x + 1 = 0
b.
(2, 0)
the graph of f. We plot the points and

connect them with a smooth curve.
(1.5, 0.25)
(2, 1)
(1, 0)
f ( 0 ) = 02 + 3 ( 0 ) + 2 = 0 + 0 + 2 = 2
(3, 2)
(3, 4)
(0, 1)
f ( 1) = ( 1) + 3 ( 1) + 2 = 1 3 + 2 = 0
( 1.5, 0.25) , ( 1, 0 ) , and ( 0, 2 )
f ( x) = 0
115.
Let x = 1, 0, 1, 2, and 3 .
f ( 1) = ( 1) 2 ( 1) + 1 = 1 + 2 + 1 = 4
x 3x 4 = 0
f ( 0 ) = 02 2 ( 0 ) + 1 = 0 0 + 1 = 1
b2 4ac = ( 3) 4 ( 1)( 4 ) = 9 16 = 7
f (1) = 12 2 (1) + 1 = 1 2 + 1 = 0
Because b2 4ac = 7 is negative, the equation

has two complex solutions that are not real. This
conclusion based on the discriminant is apparent
in the graph because the graph does not cross the
x-axis. That is, the graph has no x-intercept.
f ( 2 ) = 22 2 ( 2 ) + 1 = 4 4 + 1 = 1
f ( 3) = 32 2 ( 3) + 1 = 9 6 + 1 = 4
Thus, the points ( 1, 4 ) , ( 0, 1) , (1, 0 ) ,
( 2, 1) , and ( 3, 4 )
are on the graph of g.
We plot the points and connect them with a

smooth curve.
569
117. a.
b.

b.
x 2 5 x 24 = 0
( x + 3)( x 8) = 0
x+3 = 0
or x 8 = 0
x = 3 or
x =8
The graph has no x-intercepts (see graph).
y = x 2 + 5 x + 8 has no x-intercepts, and the
The x-intercepts are 3 and 8 (see graph).
solutions of x 2 + 5 x + 8 = 0 are not real.

Section 7.3
The x-intercepts of y = x 2 5 x 24 are the
same as the solutions of x 2 5 x 24 = 0 .
119. a.
b.
R2.
x2 6 x + 9 = 0
( x 3)( x 3) = 0
x 3 = 0 or x 3 = 0
x = 3 or
x=3
The solution set is {3} .
)(
R1. x 4 5 x 2 6 = x 2 6 x 2 + 1
2
2 ( p + 3) + 3 ( p + 3) 5
= 2 ( p + 3) + 5 ( p + 3) 1
= ( 2 p + 6 + 5)( p + 3 1)
= ( 2 p + 11)( p + 2 )
The x-intercept is 3 (see graph).
R3. a.
b.
( x2 )
( p 1 )
= x 22 = x 4
2
= p 12 = p 2 =
1
p2

The x-intercept of y = x 2 6 x + 9 is the
1. If a substitution u transforms an equation into

one of the form au 2 + bu + c = 0, then the
original equation is called an equation quadratic
in form.
same as the solutions of x 2 6 x + 9 = 0 .

121. a.
x2 + 5x + 8 = 0
5 5 4 (1)( 8 )
2. For the equation 2(3x + 1)2 5(3x + 1) + 2 = 0, an

appropriate substitution would be u = 3x + 1.
5 25 32
3. True. Letting u =
x=
=
=
=
2 (1)
2
5 7
2
5 7 i
2
equation 3u 2 5u + 3 = 0 .
5
=
2
7
2
The solution set is

5
7
5
7
i, +
i .

2
2
2
2
4. u =
5.
1
x
( x2 )
x 4 13 x 2 + 36 = 0
2
( )
13 x 2 + 36 = 0
2
Let u = x .
570
x
yields the quadratic
x2
Check:
u 2 13u + 36 = 0
( u 4 )( u 9 ) = 0
u4 = 0
or u 9 = 0
u=4
or
u =9
x2 = 4
or
x = 4 or
x = 2
or
p= 2i:
x = 2 :
( 2 )
2i
x2 = 9
x= 9
x = 3
p= 2i:
13 ( 2 ) + 36 ! 0
16 13 4 + 36 ! 0
16 52 + 36 ! 0
0=0
2i
( )
Let u = p 2 .
p 2 = 2
p = 2
p= 2i
or
or
or
! 18
7.
( p2 2 )
9 p 2 2 + 14 = 0
Let u = p 2 2 .
u 2 9u + 14 = 0
( u 2 )( u 7 ) = 0
p2 2 = 2
u + 2 = 0 or u 9 = 0
u = 2 or
u =9
7 2 i
2 i, 3, 3 .
2 i,
u2 = 0
u=2
u 2 7u 18 = 0
( u + 2 )( u 9 ) = 0
All check; the solution set is
All check; the solution set is {3, 2, 2, 3} .
7 p 2 18 = 0
! 18
p = 3 : 34 7 ( 3) ! 18
81 7 9 ! 18
81 63 ! 18
18 = 18
x = 3 : 34 13 ( 3) + 36 ! 0
81 13 9 + 36 ! 0
81 117 + 36 ! 0
0=0
( p2 )
81 7 9 ! 18
81 63 ! 18
18 = 18
81 13 9 + 36 ! 0
81 117 + 36 ! 0
0=0
p 4 7 p 2 18 = 0
2i
( 3)4 7 ( 3)2 ! 18
p = 3 :
( 3)4 13 ( 3)2 + 36 ! 0
p 4 7 p 2 = 18
4i 4 7 2i 2 ! 18
4(1) 7 2(1) ! 18
4 7 2(1) ! 18
4 + 14 ! 18
18 = 18
6.
4i 7 2i ! 18
4(1) 7 2(1) ! 18
4 7 2(1) ! 18
4 + 14 ! 18
18 = 18
x = 2 : 24 13 ( 2 ) + 36 ! 0
16 13 4 + 36 ! 0
16 52 + 36 ! 0
0=0
x = 3 :
Check:
4
or
or
u7 = 0
u=7
or p 2 2 = 7
p2 = 4
or
p = 4 or
p = 2 or
p2 = 9
p= 9
p = 3
p2 = 9
p= 9
p = 3
571

Check:
p = 2 :
(( 2) 2) 9 (( 2) 2) + 14 ! 0
2
( 4 2)
9 ( 4 2 ) + 14 ! 0
2
2 9 2 + 14 ! 0
4 18 + 14 ! 0
0=0
p=2:
( 22 2 )
9 22 2 + 14 ! 0
( 4 2 )2 9 ( 4 2 ) + 14 ! 0
2
2 9 2 + 14 ! 0
4 18 + 14 ! 0
0=0
p = 3 :
(( 3) 2) 9 (( 3) 2) + 14 ! 0
2
(9 2)
9 ( 9 2 ) + 14 ! 0
7 2 9 7 + 14 ! 0
49 63 + 14 ! 0
0=0
p = 3:
(32 2)
(9 2)
9 32 2 + 14 ! 0
2
9 ( 9 2 ) + 14 ! 0
7 2 9 7 + 14 ! 0
49 63 + 14 ! 0
0=0
8. 2 2 z 2 1
+ 5 2z2 1 3 = 0
Let u = 2 z 2 1 .
2u 2 + 5u 3 = 0
( 2u 1)( u + 3) = 0
2u 1 = 0
1
u=
2
1
2z2 1 =
2
3
2
2z =
2
3
2
z =
4
u+3= 0
or
or
u = 3
or
2 z 2 1 = 3
or
2 z 2 = 2
or
z 2 = 1
3
or
4
3
z=
or
2
Check:
3
z=
:
2
z=
z = 1
z = i
2
2

3
3
2 2
1 + 5 2
1 3 ! 0
2
3
3
2 2 1 + 5 2 1 3 ! 0
4

4
2
3
3
2 1 + 5 1 3 ! 0
2
572
1
1
2 + 5 3 ! 0
2
2
1 1
2 + 5 3 ! 0
4 2
1 5
+ 3! 0
2 2
0=0
z=
9.
3
:
2
2
2

3
3
2 2
1 + 5 2
1 3 ! 0
2
3u 2 = 0
2
u=
3
2 2i 2 1
or
u=4
w=
) + 5 ( 2 ( i ) 1) 3 ! 0
2
or u 4 = 0
2
w=4
or
3
2
2
w = or
w = 42
3

4
w=
w = 16
or
9
Check:
4
4
4
w = : 3 14
+8 ! 0
9
9
9
4
2
14 + 8 ! 0
3
3
4 28
+8 ! 0
3 3
0=0
1
1
2 + 5 3 ! 0
2
2
1 1
2 + 5 3 ! 0
4 2
1 5
+ 3! 0
2 2
0=0
( w) +8 = 0
3u 2 14u + 8 = 0
( 3u 2 )( u 4 ) = 0
2 2 ( i ) 1
14
Let u = w .
3
3
2 2 1 + 5 2 1 3 ! 0
4
4
2
3
3
2 1 + 5 1 3 ! 0
2
z = i :
( w)
3w 14 w + 8 = 0
2
+ 5 2i 2 1 3 ! 0
2 ( 2(1) 1) + 5 ( 2(1) 1) 3 ! 0
2
2 ( 2 1) + 5 ( 2 1) 3 ! 0
w = 16 : 3 (16 ) 14 16 + 8 ! 0
48 14 4 + 8 ! 0
48 56 + 8 ! 0
0=0
2 ( 3) + 5 ( 3) 3 ! 0
2 ( 9 ) + 5 ( 3 ) 3 ! 0
18 15 3 ! 0
0=0
z=i:
Both check; the solution set is , 16 .

9
2 2i 1 + 5 2i 1 3 ! 0
2
2 ( 2(1) 1) + 5 ( 2(1) 1) 3 ! 0
2
2 ( 2 1) + 5 ( 2 1) 3 ! 0
2
2 ( 3) + 5 ( 3) 3 ! 0
2 ( 9 ) + 5 ( 3) 3 ! 0
18 15 3 ! 0
0=0
3
3
,
, i , i .
2
2
2q 9 q 5 = 0
10.
( q)
( q)5 = 0
Let u = q .
2u 2 9u 5 = 0
( 2u + 1)( u 5 ) = 0
2u + 1 = 0
or u 5 = 0
1
u = or
u=5
2
573
1
or
2
2
1
q = or
2
1
q=
or
4
q =

Check:
q =5
5
5
x = : 5
2
2
q = 52
q = 25
1
does not check; the solution set is {25} .
4
5 x 2 + 12 x 1 + 4 = 0
( )
5 x 1
( )
+ 12 x 1 + 4 = 0
Let u = x
2
u=
5
2
x 1 =
5
1
2
=
5
x
5
x=
2
or
u = 2
or
x 1 = 2
or
5 1
Both check; the solution set is , .
2 2
2
p 3 4p 3 5 = 0
12.
13
13
p 4 p 5 = 0
u 2 4u 5 = 0
( u + 1)( u 5) = 0
or u + 2 = 0
or
Let u = p 3 .
5u 2 + 12u + 4 = 0
( 5u + 2 )( u + 2 ) = 0
5u + 2 = 0
1
1
1
x = : 5 + 12 + 4 ! 0
2
2
2
2
5 ( 2 ) + 12 ( 2 ) + 4 ! 0
5 ( 4 ) + 12 ( 2 ) + 4 ! 0
20 24 + 4 ! 0
0=0
q = 25 : 2 ( 25 ) 9 25 5 ! 0
50 9 5 5 ! 0
50 45 5 ! 0
0=0
11.
5
+ 12 + 4 ! 0
2
2
2
2
5 + 12 + 4 ! 0
5
5
4
2
5 + 12 + 4 ! 0
25
5
4 24
+4!0
5 5
0=0
Check:
1
1
1
5! 0
q = : 2 9
4
4
4
1
1
9 5 ! 0
2
2
1 9
5! 0
2 2
9 0
q=
1
= 2
x
1
x=
2
u +1 = 0
u = 1
p
or
or
= 1
or
u 5 = 0
u =5
p
=5
3
13
13
3
3
p = ( 1) or p = 5
p = 1
p = 125
or
Check:
p = 1 :
( 1)
4 ( 1)
( 3 1 )
5 ! 0
( 3 1 ) 5 ! 0
( 1)2 4 ( 1) 5 ! 0
1+ 4 5 ! 0
0=0
574
p = 125 : (125 ) 3 4 (125 ) 3 5 ! 0
125
15.
125 5 ! 0
( 5 )2 4 ( 5 ) 5 ! 0
u 2 + 13u + 36 = 0
( u + 4 )( u + 9 ) = 0
q 2 = 4
or
q = 4 or
q = 2i
or
7.3 Exercises
x4 5 x2 + 4 = 0
2
+ 13 q 2 + 36 = 0
Let u = q .
Both check; the solution set is {1, 125} .
( x2 )
( )
25 20 5 ! 0
0=0
13.
( q2 )
q 4 + 13q 2 + 36 = 0
Check:
( )
5 x2 + 4 = 0
( 3i )4 + 13 ( 3i )2 + 36 ! 0
q = 3i :
81i 4 + 13 9i 2 + 36 ! 0
81(1) + 13 9 ( 1) + 36 ! 0
81 117 + 36 ! 0
0=0
Let u = x 2 .
u 2 5u + 4 = 0
( u 1)( u 4 ) = 0
u 1 = 0
or u 4 = 0
u =1
or
u=4
x2 = 1
or
x = 1 or
x = 1 or
( 3i )4 + 13 ( 3i )2 + 36 ! 0
q = 3i :
x2 = 4
x= 4
x = 2
81i 4 + 13 9i 2 + 36 ! 0
81(1) + 13 9 ( 1) + 36 ! 0
81 117 + 36 ! 0
0=0
Check:
x = 1 :
( 1)4 5 ( 1)2 + 4 ! 0
1 5 1 + 4 ! 0
1 5 + 4 ! 0
0=0
( 2i )4 + 13 ( 2i )2 + 36 ! 0
q = 2i :
16i 4 + 13 4i 2 + 36 ! 0
16 (1) + 13 4 ( 1) + 36 ! 0
16 52 + 36 ! 0
0=0
x = 1 : 14 5 (1) + 4 ! 0
1 5 1 + 4 ! 0
1 5 + 4 ! 0
0=0
x = 2 :
q 2 = 9
q = 9
q = 3i
( 2i )4 + 13 ( 2i )2 + 36 ! 0
q = 2i :
16i 4 + 13 4i 2 + 36 ! 0
16 (1) + 13 4 ( 1) + 36 ! 0
16 52 + 36 ! 0
0=0
( 2 ) 4 5 ( 2 ) 2 + 4 ! 0
16 5 4 + 4 ! 0
16 20 + 4 ! 0
0=0
x = 2 : 24 5 ( 2 ) + 4 ! 0
16 5 4 + 4 ! 0
16 20 + 4 ! 0
0=0
All check; the solution set is {3i, 3i, 2i, 2i} .

17.
4a 4 17a 2 + 4 = 0
( )
4 a2
( )
17 a 2 + 4 = 0
Let u = a 2 .
4u 2 17u + 4 = 0
( 4u 1)( u 4 ) = 0
575

4u 1 = 0
4u = 1
1
u=
4
a2 =
or u 4 = 0
u=4
or
a=
1
2
u 2 5u + 6 = 0
( u 2 )( u 3) = 0
u 2 = 0 or u 3 = 0
u = 2 or
u=3
1
4
a=
1
4
or
a2 = 4
or
a= 4
or
a = 2
p2 = 2
p= 2
p2 = 3
p= 3
or
or
Check:
( 2 )
p= 2:
Check:
4
1
1
1
a = : 4 17 + 4 ! 0
2
2
2
1
1
4 17 + 4 ! 0
16
4
1 17
+4!0
4 4
0=0
4
p= 2:
( 2)
a = 2 : 4 ( 2 ) 17 ( 2 ) + 4 ! 0
4 16 17 4 + 4 ! 0
64 68 + 4 ! 0
0=0
1 1
All check; the solution set is 2, , , 2 .

2 2
( 2)
+6!5 3
9 + 6 ! 53
15 = 15
15 = 15
p= 3:
( 3)
+6!5
( 3)
9 + 6 ! 53
15 = 15
a = 2 : 4 ( 2 ) 17 ( 2 ) + 4 ! 0
4 16 17 4 + 4 ! 0
64 68 + 4 ! 0
0=0
4 + 6 ! 52
10 = 10
4 + 6 ! 5 2
10 = 10
1
1
1
a = : 4 17 + 4 ! 0
2
2
2
1
1
4 17 + 4 ! 0
16

4
1 17
+4!0
4 4
0=0
+6!5 2
+6!5
( 3)
p= 3:
21.
3, 2,
2,
3 .
( x 3 )2 6 ( x 3 ) 7 = 0
Let u = x 3 .
u 2 6u 7 = 0
( u 7 )( u + 1) = 0
u 7 = 0 or u + 1 = 0
u = 7 or
u = 1
x 3 = 7 or x 3 = 1
x = 10 or
x=2
Check:
p + 6 = 5p
19.
4
(p )
p 5p + 6 = 0
2 2
x = 10 : (10 3) 6 (10 3) 7 ! 0
72 6 ( 7 ) 7 ! 0
49 42 7 ! 0
0=0
( )
5 p2 + 6 = 0
Let u = p 2 .
576
( 2 3 )2 6 ( 2 3) 7 ! 0
( 1)2 6 ( 1) 7 ! 0
x = 2:
(32 1)
x =3:
( 9 1)
1+ 6 7 ! 0
0=0
( x2 1)
25.
u 11u + 24 = 0
u 3 = 0
u=3
or u 8 = 0
u =8
or
x2 1 = 3
or x 2 1 = 8
(( 2) 1)
2
11 ( 2 ) 1 + 24 ! 0
2
y = 4
y 2 = 7
or
y = 4 or y = 7
y = 2i
or y = 7 i
Check:
y = 2i :
(( 2i ) + 2) + 7 (( 2i ) + 2) + 10 ! 0
+ 7 4i 2 + 2 + 10 ! 0
( 4 + 2 ) + 7 ( 4 + 2 ) + 10 ! 0
( 2 )2 + 7 ( 2 ) + 10 ! 0
( 4 1)2 11( 4 1) + 24 ! 0
( 4i2 + 2)
32 11 3 + 24 ! 0
9 33 + 24 ! 0
0=0
11 22 1 + 24 ! 0
( 3 ) 2 1
or y 2 + 2 = 5
32 11 3 + 24 ! 0
9 33 + 24 ! 0
0=0
x = 3 :
or u + 5 = 0
u = 5
or
y 2 + 2 = 2
( 4 1) 11( 4 1) + 24 ! 0
+ 7 y 2 + 2 + 10 = 0
u+2=0
u = 2
( 22 1)
u 2 + 7u + 10 = 0
( u + 2 )( u + 5 ) = 0
x =4
x =9
or
x = 4 or x = 9
x = 2 or x = 3
x = 2:
( y2 + 2)
Let u = y 2 + 2 .
( u 3)( u 8) = 0
x = 2 :
11( 9 1) + 24 ! 0
11 x 2 1 + 24 = 0
Let u = x 2 1 .
Check:
82 11 8 + 24 ! 0
64 88 + 24 ! 0
0=0

23.
11 32 1 + 24 ! 0
4 14 + 10 ! 0
0=0
y = 2i :
(( 2i ) + 2) + 7 (( 2i ) + 2) + 10 ! 0
11 ( 3) 1 + 24 ! 0
( 9 1)2 11( 9 1) + 24 ! 0
82 11 8 + 24 ! 0
64 88 + 24 ! 0
0=0
( 4i2 + 2)
+ 7 4i 2 + 2 + 10 ! 0
( 4 + 2 ) + 7 ( 4 + 2 ) + 10 ! 0
( 2 )2 + 7 ( 2 ) + 10 ! 0
4 14 + 10 ! 0
0=0
577
y = 7i :
x = 1 : 1 3 1 4 ! 0
1 3 1 4 ! 0
1 3 4 ! 0
2
2
7i + 2 + 7 7i + 2 + 10 ! 0
( 7i2 + 2)
6 0
+ 7 7i 2 + 2 + 10 ! 0
x = 1 does not check; the solution set is {16} .
( 7 + 2 )2 + 7 ( 7 + 2 ) + 10 ! 0
( 5 )2 + 7 ( 5 ) + 10 ! 0
25 35 + 10 ! 0
0=0
( w)
y = 7i :
( )
7i
+ 2 + 7
( )
7i
7 i,
w = ( 2 )
w=4
7 i, 2i, 2i .
x = 4 or
x = 16 or
x = 1
x = ( 1)
x =1
Check:
x = 16 : 16 3 16 4 ! 0
16 3 4 4 ! 0
16 12 4 ! 0
0=0
31.
w = ( 3 )
w=9
( x)
2x + 5 x = 3
2x + 5 x 3 = 0
2
+5
( x)3 = 0
Let u = x .
2u 2 + 5u 3 = 0
( 2u 1)( u + 3) = 0
2u 1 = 0
2u = 1
u=
578
or
or
30 0
Neither possibility checks; the equation has no
solution. The solution set is { } or .
or u + 1 = 0
or
u = 1
or
w = 3
w = 9 : 9+5 9 +6! 0
9 + 53+ 6 ! 0
9 + 15 + 6 ! 0
u 2 3u 4 = 0
( u 4 )( u + 1) = 0
x =4
or
20 0
( x)4 = 0
Let u = x .
u4 = 0
u=4
Check:
w = 4 : 4+5 4 +6! 0
4 + 52 + 6 ! 0
4 + 10 + 6 ! 0
x 3 x 4 = 0
3
or u + 3 = 0
or
u = 3
w = 2
( x)
( w) + 6 = 0
u+2=0
u = 2
+ 7 7i 2 + 2 + 10 ! 0
25 35 + 10 ! 0
0=0
+5
u 2 + 5u + 6 = 0
( u + 2 )( u + 3) = 0
+ 2 + 10 ! 0
( 7 + 2 )2 + 7 ( 7 + 2 ) + 10 ! 0
( 5 )2 + 7 ( 5 ) + 10 ! 0
27.
Let u = w .
2
( 7i2 + 2)
w+5 w +6 = 0
29.
1
2
or u + 3 = 0
or
u = 3
x=
1
x=
2
x = 3
or
x = ( 3)
or
x=9
x=
or
1 1
x = :
7 7
2
4
1
4
1
: 2 +5
!3
1
2
10 z 2 + 11z 1 = 6
35.
+ 5 ! 3
2
5
10 z 2 + 11z 1 6 = 0
( )
10 z 1
!3
3=3
u=
1
x = 9 does not check; the solution set is .
4
33.
+ 3x
= 28
( )
Let u = x
u + 3u 28 = 0
( u 4 )( u + 7 ) = 0
=4
1
=4
x
x=
1
4
z=
or u + 7 = 0
or
u = 7
or
or
or
= 7
1
= 7
x
1
x=
7
Check:
x=
1
:
4 4
5
2
5
2
u=
or
or
3
2
3
or
3
1
=
2
z
or
z=
2
3
Check:
u4 = 0
u=4
5
2
z=
+ 3 x 1 28 = 0
1
1
=
z 5
x 2 + 3x 1 28 = 0
( x1 )
( )
+ 11 z 1 6 = 0
10u 2 + 11u 6 = 0
( 5u 2 )( 2u + 3) = 0
5u 2 = 0 or 2u + 3 = 0
5u = 2 or
2u = 3
33 3
Let u = z 1 .
x = 9 : 29 + 5 9 ! 3
29 + 53 ! 3
18 + 15 ! 3
1
+ 3 ! 28
7
2
( 7 ) + 3 ( 7 ) ! 28
49 21 ! 28
28 = 28
1 1
7 4
Check:
x=
1
+ 3 ! 28
4
2
( 4 ) + 3 ( 4 ) ! 28
16 + 12 ! 28
28 = 28
5
2
5
10
2
5
+ 11
2
!6
2
2
10 + 11 ! 6
5

5
4
2
10 + 11 ! 6
25
5
8 22
+
!6
5 5
30
!6
5
6=6
579
z= :
2
2
+ 11
3
!6
Let u = z 3 .
u2 u 2 = 0
( u 2 )( u + 1) = 0
u2 = 0
or
or
u=2
1
z 3 =2
37.
(x 3 )
1
+ 3x
( )
(8)
z = 8:
4= 0
( 1)
z = 1 :
x 3 = 4
( x 13 )
= ( 4 )
x = 64
Check:
a+a
( )
Let u = a 2 .
u 2 + u 30 = 0
( u 5)( u + 6 ) = 0
(1)2 + 3 (1) 4 ! 0
1+ 3 4 ! 0
0=0
1
+ 3 ( 64 ) 3 4 ! 0
2
= 30
+3 31 4 ! 0
( 3 64 )
( a 12 ) + ( a 12 ) 30 = 0
x = 1 : (1) 3 + 3 (1) 3 4 ! 0
!2
1+1 ! 2
2=2
( 64 )
( 1)2 ( 1) ! 2
u+4=0
u = 4
41.
x = 64 :
( 1)
or
or
( 3 1) ( 3 1) ! 2
or
( 3 1)
or
or
= 13
x =1
!2
42 ! 2
2=2
u + 3u 4 = 0
( u 1)( u + 4 ) = 0
( 2 )2 2 ! 2
x 3 =1
(3 8) (3 8) ! 2
Let u = x 3 .
+ 3 3 64 4 ! 0
( 4 ) 2 + 3 ( 4 ) 4 ! 0
16 12 4 ! 0
0=0
u 5 = 0
u=5
a
( a 12 )
=5
or
or
or
= 52
a = 25

580
(8)
+3 x 3 4 = 0
z = ( 1) = 1
( x 13 )
u 1 = 0
u =1
z 3 = 1
or
Check:
2 5
3 2
1
u +1 = 0
u = 1
z = 23 = 8 or
6=6
( z 13 ) ( z 13 ) 2 = 0
3
3
10 + 11 ! 6
2
2
9
3
10 + 11 ! 6
4
2
45 33
!6
2
2
12
!6
2
z 3 z 3 =2
39.
2
10
3
or
or
u+6 = 0
u = 6
a
( a 12 )
= 6
= ( 6 )
a = 36

Check:
a = 25 : 25 + ( 25 )
45.
! 30
25 + 25 ! 30
25 + 5 ! 30
30 = 30
a = 36 : 36 + ( 36 )
Let u =
! 30
42 30
a = 36 does not check; the solution set is {25} .

1
5
+6=0
43.
2
x
x
2
1
1
5 + 6 = 0
x
x
or
or
x + 2 =1
or
or
u+5 = 0
u = 5
1
= 5
x+2
1
x+2 =
5
11
x=
5
Check:
2
4
1
x = 1 :
!5
+
1 + 2
1 + 2
2
4
1
+ !5
1
1

1
.
x
(1)2 + 4 ! 5
1+ 4 ! 5
5=5
11 1
4
+
!5
x= :
11
11
5 +2
5 +2
5
( 12 )
1
1
4
5
1
2
5
1
2
1
4
+
!5
1
15
5
( 5 ) 2 + 4 ( 5 ) ! 5
25 20 ! 5
5=5
+6!0
+6!0
4 10 + 6 ! 0
0=0
1
x= :
3
u 1 = 0
u =1
1
=1
x+2
x = 1 or
u 2 5u + 6 = 0
( u 2 )( u 3) = 0
u 2 = 0 or u 3 = 0
u = 2 or
u =3
1
1
= 2 or
=3
x
x
1
1
x=
or
x=
2
3
Check:
1
x= :
2
1
.
x+2
u 2 + 4u 5 = 0
( u 1)( u + 5 ) = 0
36 + 36 ! 30
36 + 6 ! 30
Let u =
4
1
=5
+
x+2
x+2
2
1
1
+ 4
5 = 0
x+2
x+2
( 13 )
1
1
9
5
1
3
5
1
3
11

5
+6!0
47.
+6!0
9 15 + 6 ! 0
0=0
( p3 )
p 6 28 p3 + 27 = 0
2
( )
28 p3 + 27 = 0
3
Let u = p .
1 1
3 2
581
u 2 28u + 27 = 0
( u 1)( u 27 ) = 0
u 1 = 0
or u 27 = 0
3
8a 2 + 2a 1 1 = 0
( )
8 a 1
p 1 = 0
8a 2 + 2a 1 = 1
49.
or p 27 = 0
( )
+ 2 a 1 1 = 0
Let u = a
3
( p 1) ( p
p =1
8u + 2u 1 = 0
( 4u 1)( 2u + 1) = 0
4u 1 = 0
4u = 1
+ p +1 = 0
p 1 = 0 or
or
u=
p2 + p + 1 = 0
p=
1 12 4 (1)(1)
2 (1)
1
=
2
1
=
2
1
=
2
4
1
4
1
1
=
a 4
a=4
3
3i
2
1
2
1
1
=
2
a
a = 2
or
or
2
+ 2 ( 4)
!1
1
1
8 + 2 ! 1
4
4
1 1
8 + 2 ! 1
16 4
1 1
+ !1
2 2
1=1
p2 + 3 p + 9 = 0
a = 2 : 8 ( 2 )
+ 2 ( 2 )
!1
3 32 4 (1)( 9 )
1
1
8 + 2 ! 1
2
2
1 1
8 + 2 ! 1
4 2
2 1 ! 1
2 (1)
3 27
2
3 3 3 i
=
2
3 3 3
=
i
2
2
1=1
All will check; the solution set is

1
3
1
3
3 3 3
i, +
i,
i,
1, 3,
2 2
2 2
2
2
582
or
3 3 3
i .
+
2
2
u=
a = 4 : 8 ( 4)
3
i
2
( p 3) ( p 2 + 3 p + 9 ) = 0
p=
or
Check:
p3 27 = 0
p = 3 or
or 2u + 1 = 0
or
2u = 1
Now consider p3 27 = 0 . Note that the

expression on the left is a difference of cubes.
p 3 = 0 or
First consider p 1 = 0 . Note that the

expression on the left is a difference of cubes.
p3 1 = 0
z 4 = 4 z 2 + 32
51.
( z2 )
z 4 4 z 2 32 = 0
2
( )
4 z 2 32 = 0
Let u = z 2 .
u 2 4u 32 = 0
( u 8 )( u + 4 ) = 0
u 8 = 0
or u + 4 = 0
u =8
or
u = 4
z2 = 8
or
z = 8 or
z = 2 2 or
Check:
z = 2 2 :
u2 + u 6 = 0
( u 2 )( u + 3) = 0
u2 = 0
or
u=2
or
z 2 = 4
z = 4
z = 2i
( 2 2 )
(2 2 )
! 4 2 2
!4 2 2
( x 14 )
64 ! 4 8 + 32
64 ! 32 + 32
64 = 64
z=2 2:
=2
u +3 = 0
u = 3
or
= 24
x = 16
or
or
( x 14 )
= 3
= ( 3 )
x = 81
Check:
+ 32
x = 16 : (16 )
+ (16 )
16
6!0
+ 4 16 6 ! 0
4+26! 0
0=0
+ 32
x = 81 :
64 ! 4 8 + 32
64 ! 32 + 32
64 = 64
(81)
+ ( 81)
6 ! 0
81 + 81 6 ! 0
9+36 ! 0
60
( 2i )
z = 2i :
! 4 ( 2i ) + 32
16i ! 4 4i 2 + 32
16 (1) ! 4 ( 4 ) + 32
16 ! 16 + 32
16 = 16
x = 81 does not check; the solution set is {16} .
z = 2i :
( 2i )4 ! 4 ( 2i )2 + 32
16i 4 ! 4 4i 2 + 32
16 (1) ! 4 ( 4 ) + 32
16 ! 16 + 32
16 = 16
{2
53.
2, 2 2, 2i, 2i .
x
+x
55.
w4 5w2 36 = 0
( w2 ) 5 ( w2 ) 36 = 0
2
Let u = w2 .
u 2 5u 36 = 0
( u 9 )( u + 4 ) = 0
u 9 = 0
or u + 4 = 0
u=9
or
u = 4
w2 = 9
or
w = 9 or
w = 3 or
w2 = 4
w = 4
w = 2i
Check:
4
6 = 0
w = 3 :
( 3)4 5 ( 3)2 36 ! 0
81 5 9 36 ! 0
81 45 36 ! 0
0=0
( x 1 4 ) + ( x 14 ) 6 = 0
2
Let u = x 4 .
w = 3 : 34 5 ( 3) 36 ! 0
81 5 9 36 ! 0
81 45 36 ! 0
0=0
583
w = 2i :
( 2i )4 5 ( 2i )2 36 ! 0
10 1
2
+
!3
x= :
10 + 3
3 10 + 3
3
3
16i 4 5 4i 2 36 ! 0
16 (1) 5 4 ( 1) 36 ! 0
16 + 20 36 ! 0
0=0
1
2
+
!3
1

13
3
( 3)2 + 2 ( 3) ! 3
96 !3
3=3
( 2i )4 5 ( 2i )2 36 ! 0
w = 2i :
16i 4 5 4i 2 36 ! 0
16 (1) 5 4 ( 1) 36 ! 0
16 + 20 36 ! 0
0=0
All check; the solution set is {3, 3, 2i, 2i} .
10

3
( x)
2
1
=3
57.
+
x+3
x +3
2
1
1
+ 2
3 = 0
3
x
+
x+3
Let u =
x +3 =1
or
or
x = 2 or
( x ) + 12 = 0
u 2 7u + 12 = 0
( u 4 )( u 3) = 0
u4 = 0
u=4
u 2 + 2u 3 = 0
( u 1)( u + 3) = 0
or
or
Let u = x .
1
.
x+3
u 1 = 0
u =1
1
=1
x+3
x 7 x + 12 = 0
59.
x =4
or u 3 = 0
or
u=3
or
2
x = 4 or
x = 16 or
u+3= 0
u = 3
1
= 3
x+3
1
x+3=
3
10
x=
3
x =3
x = 32
x=9
Check:
x = 16 : 16 7 16 + 12 ! 0
16 7 4 + 12 ! 0
16 28 + 12 ! 0
0=0
Check:
2
x = 9 : 9 7 9 + 12 ! 0
9 7 3 + 12 ! 0
9 21 + 12 ! 0
0=0
2
1
x = 2 :
!3
+
2
+
3
2
+3
2
2
1
+ !3
1
1
1+ 2 ! 3
3=3

61.
2 ( x 1) 7 ( x 1) = 4
2
2 ( x 1) 7 ( x 1) 4 = 0
Let u = x 1 .
584
Check:
2u 2 7u 4 = 0
( 2u + 1)( u 4 ) = 0
2u + 1 = 0
u=
x 1 =
x=
or
u4 = 0
or
u=4
) (
7i =
+7 7 i
+ 12
7i
+7
7i
+ 12
= 49i 4 + 7 7i 2 + 12
= 49 (1) + 7 7 ( 1) + 12
= 49 49 + 12 = 12
Check:
x=
= 49i + 7 7i + 12
= 49 (1) + 7 7 ( 1) + 12
= 49 49 + 12
= 12
x=5
or
or x 1 = 4
) (
f 7i = 7i
1
1
: 2 1 7 1 ! 4
2
2
2
f ( 0 ) = 04 + 7 02 + 12
= 12
1
1
2 7 ! 4
2
2
1
1
2 7 ! 4
4 2
1
2
All check; the values that make f ( x ) = 12
+ !4
2
( x2 )
2 ( 4) 7 ( 4) ! 4
2 16 7 4 ! 4
32 28 ! 4
4=4
( )
+ 7 x2 + 6 = 0
Let u = x .
f ( x ) = 12
2
x + 7 x + 12 = 12
2
1
Both check; the solution set is ,
2
( x2 )
x + 7 x + 12 = 6
( )
+ 7 x2 = 0
5 .
u 2 + 7u + 6 = 0
( u + 6 )( u + 1) = 0
u+6 = 0
or u + 1 = 0
u = 6
or
u = 1
x 2 = 6
or
x = 6 or
x = 6 i or
Check:
x 2 = 1
x = 1
x = i
) (
f 6i = 6i
Let u = x .
+7 6 i
u + 7u = 0
u (u + 7 ) = 0
or
+ 12
= 36i + 7 6i + 12
= 36 (1) + 7 6 ( 1) + 12
= 36 42 + 12
=6
u+7 = 0
u = 7
7 i, 0 .
f ( x) = 6
b.
4=4
x = 5 : 2 ( 5 1) 7 ( 5 1) ! 4
63. a.
are 7 i,
u=0
x 2 = 7
or x 2 = 0
x = 7 or x = 0
x = 7 i or x = 0
) (
6i =
6i
4
+7
6i
+ 12
= 36i + 7 6i + 12
= 36 (1) + 7 6 ( 1) + 12
= 36 42 + 12
=6
585
f ( i ) = ( i ) + 7 ( i ) + 12
g ( x ) = 15
b.
4
2 x 6 x 2 5 = 15
= i 4 + 7i 2 + 12
= 1 + 7 ( 1) + 12
= 1 7 + 12
=6
2 x 4 6 x 2 20 = 0
2 x 4 6 x 2 20 0
=
2
2
x 4 3x 2 10 = 0
f ( i ) = i 4 + 7i 2 + 12
= 1 + 7 ( 1) + 12
= 1 7 + 12
=6
( x2 ) 3 ( x2 ) 10 = 0
2
Let u = x 2 .
All check; the values that make f ( x ) = 6
are 6 i,
6 i, i, i .
u+2=0
u = 2
g ( x ) = 5
65. a.
u 2 3u 10 = 0
( u + 2 )( u 5 ) = 0
or
x 2 = 2
x = 2 or
x= 2 i
2 x 6 x 2 5 = 5
( )
2 x2
( )
6 x2 = 0
Let u = x 2 .
Check:
2u 2 6u = 0
2u ( u 3) = 0
2u = 0
or u 3 = 0
u=0
or
u=3
x2 = 0
x= 0
x=0
Check:
) (
2 i =2
= 5
) (
= 29 63 5
= 18 18 5
= 5
( 3) = 2( 3)
6 3
( 3)
= 29 63 5
= 18 18 5
= 5
All check; the values that make g ( x ) = 5
are 3, 0,
586
3 .
6 2 i
2i
) (
g 5 =2 5
2i
= 2 4i 4 6 2i 2 5
= 2 4 (1) 6 2 ( 1) 5
= 8 + 12 5
= 15
g ( 0 ) = 2 04 6 02 5
) (
= 2 4i 4 6 2i 2 5
= 2 4 (1) 6 2 ( 1) 5
= 8 + 12 5
= 15
g
g 3 =2 3
x2 = 5
x= 5
g 2 i =2 2 i
x2 = 3
x= 3
or
or
or u 5 = 0
or
u=5
6 5
= 2 25 6 5 5
= 50 30 5
= 15
( 5) = 2( 5 )
( 5)
= 2 25 6 5 5
= 50 30 5
= 15
All check; the values that make g ( x ) = 15
are 2 i,
2 i, 5,
5 .
F ( x) = 6
67. a.
(x )
1 2
Check:
5 x 1 = 6
1 1
1
F = 5
7 7
7
= 72 5 71
= 49 35
= 14
( )6 = 0
5 x
Let u = x 1 .
u 2 5u 6 = 0
( u 6 )( u + 1) = 0
u 6 = 0
u=6
1 1
1
F = 5
2 2
2
2
1
= ( 2 ) 5 ( 2 )
= 4 + 10
= 14
or u + 1 = 0
u = 1
or
x 1 = 6
1
=6
x
1
x=
6
x 1 = 1
1
= 1
x
or
or
x = 1
or
F ( 1) = ( 1)
5 ( 1)
69.
( x2 )
are 1, .
6
( )
+ 9 x 2 + 14 = 0
) (
( )
.
u 5u 14 = 0
( u 7 )( u + 2 ) = 0
x 1 = 7
1
=7
x
1
x=
7
) (
7i =
or u + 2 = 0
u = 2
or
or
or
or
+9 7 i
+ 14
= 49i + 9 7i + 14
= 49 (1) + 9 7 ( 1) + 14
= 49 63 + 14
=0
u 7 = 0
u=7
5 x 1 14 = 0
Let u = x
x 2 = 2
x = 2
x= 2 i
f 7i = 7i
x 2 5 x 1 = 14
u+2 =0
u = 2
or
x 2 = 7
x = 7 or
x = 7 i or
Check:
F ( x ) = 14
(x )
u 2 + 9u + 14 = 0
( u + 7 )( u + 2 ) = 0
or
u+7 = 0
or
u = 7
Both check; the values that make F ( x ) = 6
1 2
x 4 + 9 x 2 + 14 = 0
Let u = x 2 .
= ( 1) 5 ( 1)
= 1+ 5
=6
b.
Both check; the values that make

1 1
F ( x ) = 14 are , .
2 7
Check:
1 1
1
F = 5
6 6
6
2
1
= 6 56
= 36 30
=6
x 1 = 2
1
= 2
x
1
x=
2
7i
+9
7i
+ 14
= 49i 4 + 9 7i 2 + 14
= 49 (1) + 9 7 ( 1) + 14
= 49 63 + 14
=0
587
) (
f 2i = 2i
+9 2 i
= 4i 4 + 9 2i 2 + 14
= 4 (1) + 9 2 ( 1) + 14
= 4 18 + 14
=0
f
) (
2i =
2i
+9
2i
= 4i 4 + 9 2i 2 + 14
= 4 (1) + 9 2 ( 1) + 14
= 4 18 + 14
=0
7 i,
( t)
1
1
4
+3 = 0
d +3
d +3
1
.
Let u =
d +3
2i .
6t 25 t 9 = 0
71.
7 i, 2 i,
25
( t )9 = 0
u 2 4u + 3 = 0
( u 1)( u 3) = 0
Let u = t .
6u 2 25u 9 = 0
( 2u 9 )( 3u + 1) = 0
2u 9 = 0
2u = 9
9
u=
2
1
1
1
g = 6 25
9
9
9
9
1
1
= 6 25 9
9
3
2 25
= 9
3 3
50
=
3
0
1
81
t = does not check; the zero of g is .
9
4
1
4
73.
+3 = 0
2 d +3
( d + 3)
2
All check; the zeros of f are
+ 14
+ 14
or 3u + 1 = 0
or
3u = 1
1
or
u=
3
u 1 = 0
u =1
1
=1
d +3
or
or
d +3 =1
or
u 3 = 0
u=3
1
=3
d +3
1
d +3=
3
or
d = 2 or
d =
8
3
Check:
9
t=
or
2
2
9
t = or
2
81
t=
or
4
1
t =
3
1
t =
3
1
t=
9
Check:
81
81
81
g = 6 25
9
4
4
4
81
9
= 6 25 9
4
2
243 225
=
9
2
2
=0
s ( 2 ) =
2
( 2 + 3)
4
+3
2 + 3
4
+3
1 1
= 1 4 + 3
=0
1
4
8
s =
+3
2
8
3
3 +3
8 +3
=
=
=
()
1
3
1
1
9
4
1
3
4
1
3
+3
+3
= 9 12 + 3
=0
Both check; the zeros of s are , 2 .

3
588
75. a.
x2 5x + 6 = 0
( x 2 )( x 3) = 0
77. a.
2 x2 3x + 1 = 0
( 2 x 1)( x 1) = 0
x 2 = 0 or x 3 = 0
x = 2 or
x=3
b.
2x 1 = 0
2x = 1
1
x=
2
( x 3 ) 2 5 ( x 3) + 6 = 0
Let u = x 3 .
u 2 5u + 6 = 0
( u 2 )( u 3) = 0
u 2 = 0 or u 3 = 0
u = 2 or
u=3
x 3 = 2 or x 3 = 3
x = 5 or
x=6
Comparing these solutions to those in part
(a), we note that 5 = 2 + 3 and 6 = 3 + 3 .
c.
b.
2u 2 3u + 1 = 0
( 2u 1)( u 1) = 0
2u 1 = 0 or u 1 = 0
u =1
2u = 1 or
1
u=
2
1
x2=
or x 2 = 1
2
5
x=
or
x=3
2
Both check; the zeros of f ( x 2 ) are
u 2 5u + 6 = 0
( u 2 )( u 3) = 0
u 2 = 0 or u 3 = 0
u = 2 or
u =3
x + 2 = 2 or x + 2 = 3
x = 0 or
x =1
5
,3 . Comparing these solutions to those
2
5 1
in part (a), we note that = + 2 and
2 2
3 = 1+ 2 .

(a), we note that 0 = 2 2 and 1 = 3 2 .
c.
Let u = x 5 .
u 5u + 6 = 0
( u 2 )( u 3) = 0
u 2 = 0 or u 3 = 0
u = 2 or
u=3
x 5 = 2 or x 5 = 3
x = 7 or
x =8
(a), we note that 7 = 2 + 5 and 8 = 3 + 5 .
Conjecture: The solution set of the equation
( x a )2 5 ( x a ) + 6 = 0
f ( x 5) = 2 ( x 5) 3 ( x 5) + 1
Let u = x 5 .
e.
f ( x 2) = 2 ( x 2) 3( x 2) + 1
Let u = x 2 .
( x + 2 )2 5 ( x + 2 ) + 6 = 0
( x 5 )2 5 ( x 5 ) + 6 = 0
or x 1 = 0
or
x =1
1
Both check; the zeros of f ( x ) are , 1 .
2
Let u = x + 2 .
d.
f ( x ) = 2 x2 3x + 1
is {2 + a, 3 + a} .
NOTE: This conjecture can be shown to be

true by using the techniques from parts (b)
through (d).
2u 2 3u + 1 = 0
( 2u 1)( u 1) = 0
2u 1 = 0 or u 1 = 0
u =1
2u = 1 or
1
u=
2
1
x5 =
or x 5 = 1
2
11
x=
or
x=6
2
Both check; the zeros of f ( x 5 ) are
11
, 6 . Comparing these solutions to those
2
589
in part (a), we note that
6 = 1+ 5 .
d.
1 2 3
u + u 350 = 0
2
2
1 2 3
2 u + u 350 = 2 ( 0 )
2
2
11 1
= + 5 and
2 2
Conjecture: For f ( x ) = 2 x 2 3 x + 1 , the
u 2 + 3u 700 = 0
( u 25 )( u + 28 ) = 0
zeros of the f ( x a ) are + a, 1 + a .

2
NOTE: This conjecture can be shown to be

true by using the techniques from parts (b)
and (c).
79. a.
R (1990 )
=
(1990 1990 )2
3 (1990 1990 )
( x 1990 )
3 ( x 1990 )
2
+ 3000 = 3065
u 10 = 0
u + 13 = 0
or
u = 10
u = 13
or
x 1990 = 10
or x 1990 = 13
x = 2000 or
x = 1977
Since 1977 is before 1990, disregard it. The
solution set is {2000} .
Interpretation: In the year 2000, revenue
was $3065 thousand (or $3,065,000).
c.
( x 1990 )
2
3 ( x 1990 )
2
+ 3000 = 3350
1
3
( x 1990 )2 + ( x 1990 ) 350 = 0
2
2
Let u = x 1990 .
590
that revenue will be $3350 thousand (or

$3,350,000) in the year 2015.
81.
( x2 )
x4 + 5 x2 + 2 = 0
2
( )
+ 5 x2 + 2 = 0
2
1
3
( x 1990 )2 + ( x 1990 ) 65 = 0
2
2
Let u = x 1990 .
1 2 3
u + u 65 = 0
2
2
1 2 3
2 u + u 65 = 2 ( 0 )
2
2
u 2 + 3u 130 = 0
( u 10 )( u + 13) = 0
or u + 28 = 0
u = 28
or
or x 1990 = 28
x = 1962
or
Since 1962 is before 1990, disregard it. The

solution set is {2015} . The model predicts
+ 3000
2
2
02 3 ( 0 )
=
+
+ 3000
2
2
= 3000
Interpretation: The revenue in 1990 was
$3000 thousand (or $3,000,000).
b.
u 25 = 0
u = 25
x 1990 = 25
x = 2015
Let u = x .
u 2 + 5u + 2 = 0
u=
5 52 4 (1)( 2 )
2 (1)
5 25 8
2
5 17
=
2
5 17
u=
2
5 17
2
x =
2
=
x=
x=
5 17
2
1 5 + 17
5 + 17
2
5 + 17
2
or x =
2
or u =
or x =
x=
5 + 17
2
1 5 17
x = i
5 + 17
2
x = i
5 17
2
x = i
5 + 17 2
2
2
x = i
5 17 2
2
2
x=
10 + 2 17
i
2
x=
10 2 17
i
2
x = 1 : 1 5 1 6 ! 0
1 5 1 6 ! 0
1 5 6 ! 0
10 0
The solution set is {36}.
10 + 2 17
All check, the solution set is
i,
2
10 + 2 17
10 2 17
i,
i,
2
2
10 2 17
i.
2
Method 2:
x 5 x 6 = 0
x6 = 5 x
83. 2 ( x 2 ) + 8 ( x 2 ) 1 = 0
Let u = x 2 .
2u 2 + 8u 1 = 0
u=
( x 6 )2 = ( 5
8 64 + 8
4
8 72
=
4
8 6 2
3 2
=
= 2
4
2
=
3 2
2
3 2
or x 2 = 2 +
2
3 2
or
x=
2
3 2 3 2
,
Both check, the solution set is
.
2
2
or
85. Method 1:
x5 x 6 = 0
( x)
5 x 6 = 0
Let u = x
u 2 5u 6 = 0
( u 6 )( u + 1) = 0
u 6 = 0 or u + 1 = 0
u = 6 or
u = 1
x = 6 or
x = 1
x = 36 or
x =1
Check:
x = 36 : 36 5 36 6 ! 0
36 5 6 6 ! 0
36 30 6 ! 0
0=0
x 2 37 x + 36 = 0
( x 36 )( x 1) = 0
2 ( 2)
3 2
2
3 2
x 2 = 2
2
3 2
x=
2
x 2 12 x + 36 = 25 x
8 82 4 ( 2 )( 1)
u = 2
x 36 = 0 or x 1 = 0
x = 36 or
x =1
Check:
x = 36 : 36 5 36 6 ! 0
36 5 6 6 ! 0
36 30 6 ! 0
0=0
u = 2 +
x = 1 : 1 5 1 6 ! 0
1 5 1 6 ! 0
1 5 6 ! 0
10 0
Preferences will vary.
87. Answers will vary. One possibility follows:
Extraneous solutions may be introduced when
we raise both sides of the equation to an even
power. They may also occur when the equation
involves rational expressions.
89.
(3 p2 4 p1 + 8) ( 2 p2 8 p1 1)
= 3 p 2 4 p 1 + 8 2 p 2 + 8 p 1 + 1
= p 2 + 4 p 1 + 9
3
91. 3 16a + 3 54a 128a 4
3
= 3 8 2a + 3 27 2a 64a3 2a
= 2 3 2a + 33 2a 4a 3 2a
= 5 3 2a 4a 3 2a
591
93. Let Y1 = x 4 + 5 x 2 14 .
a.
Y1 = x 2 5 x 6
The x-intercepts are 1 and 6.

b.
The solution set is approximately {1.41, 1.41} .

2
95. Let Y1 = 2 ( x 2 ) and Y2 = 5 ( x 2 ) + 1 .
Y1 = ( x + 2 ) 5 ( x + 2 ) 6

c.
Y1 = ( x + 5 ) 5 ( x + 5 ) 6

d.
The x-intercepts of the graph of
y = f ( x ) = x 2 5 x 6 are 1 and 6.
The x-intercepts of the graph of
2
y = f ( x + a ) = ( x + a ) 5 ( x + a ) 6 are
The solution set is approximately {1.81, 4.69} .
97. Let Y1 = x 5 x and Y2 = 3 .
1 a and 6 a .
Putting the Concepts Together (Sections 7.17.3)
1. Start: z 2 + 10 z
2
Add: 10 = 25
2
Result: z 2 + 10 z + 25
Factored Form:
The solution set is approximately {0.49} .
99. For the graphs shown in parts (a) through (c) the
WINDOW setting is the following:
( z + 5 )2
2. Start: x 2 + 7 x
2
49
1
Add: 7 =
4
2
49
Result: x 2 + 7 x +
4
7
Factored Form: x +
2
592
1
3. Start: n 2 n
4
x 6x + 7 = 0
1 1
1
Add: =
64
2 4
1
1
Result: n 2 n +
4
64
1
Factored Form: n
8
4.
x=
7. 49 x 2 80 = 0
49 x 2 = 80
80
x2 =
49
80
80
4 5
=
=
49
7
49
4 5 4 5
The solution set is
,
.
7
7
x=
= 4
1
1
x 2 + 8 x + 8 = 4 + 8
2
2
x 2 + 8 x + 16 = 4 + 16
8. p 2 8 p + 6 = 0
( x + 4 )2 = 12
x + 4 = 12
x + 4 = 2 3
x = 4 2 3
x2 + 8x + 4 = 0
2
( 6 )2 4 (1)( 7 )
2 (1)
6 36 28
2
6 8
=
2
62 2 6 2 2
=
=
= 3 2
2
2
2
( 2 x 3)2 5 = 1
( 2 x 3 )2 = 4
x2 + 8x
( 6 )
2x 3 = 4
2 x 3 = 2
2x = 3 2
2 x = 1 or
2x = 5
1
5
x=
x=
or
2
2
1 5
2 2
5.
x ( x 6 ) = 7
6.
p=
( 8 )
( 8 )2 4 (1)( 6 )
2 (1)
8 64 24
2
8 40
=
2
8 2 10
=
2
8 2 10
=
= 4 10
2
2
=

9. 3 y 2 + 6 y + 4 = 0
593
y=

6 62 4 ( 3)( 4 )
2 ( 3)
6 36 48
6
6 12
=
6
6 2 3 i 6 2 3
=
=
i = 1
6
6
6
3
i, 1 +
3
13. 2 x 2 + 6 x + 5 = 0
10.
b2 4ac = 62 4 ( 2 )( 5 ) = 36 40 = 4
3
i
3
3
i .
3
1 2
1
n +n =
4
6
1 2
1
12 n + n = 12
4
6
3n 2 + 12n = 2
14. c 2 = 42 + 102 = 16 + 100 = 116

c = 116 = 2 29
15.
3n2 + 12n 2 = 0
equation, a = 3, b = 12, and c = 2 .
12 12 4 ( 3)( 2 )
2
n=
( m)
2u 3 = 0
2u = 3
u=
m=
m=
3
2
or
m = 5
or
m = ( 5 )
or
m = 25
9
4
Check:
42
42
, 2+
.
3
3
m=
9
4
12. 3x 2 + 6 x 2 = 0
b 4ac = 6 4 ( 3)( 2 ) = 36 + 24 = 60
2
4
9
4
3
15 ! 0
2 + 7 15 ! 0
4
9
2
b2 4ac = 122 4 ( 9 )( 4 ) = 144 144 = 0

: 2 + 7
11. 9 x + 12 x + 4 = 0
2
21
2
15 ! 0
0=0
m = 25 : 2 25 + 7 25 15 ! 0
2 25 + 7 5 15 ! 0
50 + 35 15 ! 0
70 0
9
m = 25 does not check; the solution set is .
4

594
or u + 5 = 0
u = 5
or
3
m=
2
42
3
( m ) 15 = 0
2u 2 + 7u 15 = 0
( 2u 3)( u + 5) = 0
+7
Let u = m .
2 ( 3)
12 144 + 24
=
6
12 168
=
6
12 2 42
=
6
12 2 42
=
= 2
6
6
2m + 7 m 15 = 0
2
16.
18. Let x represent the speed of the wind.
p 2 3 p 1 18 = 0
( p1 ) 3 ( p1 ) 18 = 0
2
Let u = p
u 3u 18 = 0
( u + 3)( u 6 ) = 0
u +3 = 0
or u 6 = 0
u = 3 or
u=6
p 1 = 3 or
1
= 3 or
p
1
p=
or
3
Check:
p 1 = 6
1
=6
p
1
p=
6
1 1
p = :
3 3
p=
1 1
:
6 6
1
3 18 ! 0
3
2
( 3) 3 ( 3) 18 ! 0
9 + 9 18 ! 0
0=0
Time
Against
Wind
300
140 x
300
140 x
With
Wind
300
140 + x
300
140 + x
300
300
+
=5
140 x 140 + x
300
300
+
(140 x )(140 + x )
140 x 140 + x
= (140 x )(140 + x )( 5 )
0.4 x 2 140 x + 12, 000 = 0

c = 12, 000 .
( 140 )
( 140 )2 4 ( 0.4 )(12, 000 )

2 ( 0.4 )
140 400
0.8
140 20
=
0.8
140 + 20
140 20
or x =
x=
0.8
0.8
or
= 200
= 150
Revenue will be $12,000 when either 150
microwaves or 200 microwaves are sold.
300 (140 + x ) + 300 (140 x ) = 19, 600 x 2 ( 5 )

42, 000 + 300 x + 42, 000 300 x = 98, 000 5 x 2
84, 000 = 98, 000 5 x 2
12, 000 = 0.4 x 2 + 140 x
17.
Rate
14, 000 = 5 x 2
1
3 18 ! 0
6
2
( 6 ) 3 ( 6 ) 18 ! 0
36 18 18 ! 0
0=0
1
1
6
3
x=
Distance
2800 = x 2
x = 2800
= 20 7
52.915
Because the speed should be positive, we
disregard x 52.915 . Thus, the only viable
answer is x 52.915 . Rounding to the nearest
tenth, the speed of the wind was approximately
52.9 miles per hour.
Section 7.4
R1. Locate some points on the graph of f ( x) = x 2 .
f ( x) = x 2
2
f (3) = (3) = 9
f (2) = (2) 2 = 4
f (1) = (1)2 = 1
f (0) = 02 = 0
f (1) = 12 = 1
f (2) = 22 = 4
f (3) = 32 = 9
( x, f ( x ) )
( 3, 9 )
( 2, 4 )
( 1, 1)
( 0, 0 )
(1, 1)
( 2, 4 )
( 3, 9 )
595

Plot the points and connect them with a smooth
curve.
y
(3, 9)
(3, 9)
(0, 0)
y = x 2 , shift the graph of y = x 2 up k units. To

y = x 2 shift the graph of y = x 2 down k units.
3. Begin with the graph of y = x 2 , then shift the
graph up 5 unit to obtain the graph of
(1, 1)
(1, 1)
2. To graph f ( x) = x 2 + k , k > 0, from the graph of

graph f ( x) = x 2 k , k > 0, from the graph of
(2, 4)
(2, 4)
R2. Locate some points on the graph of
f ( x ) = x2 + 5 .
f ( x) = x 3 .
2
f ( x) = x 3
f (3) = (3) 3 = 6
f (2) = (2)2 3 = 1
f (1) = (1) 2 3 = 2
f (0) = 02 3 = 3
f (1) = 12 3 = 2
f (2) = 22 3 = 1
f (3) = 32 3 = 6
( x, f ( x ) )
( 3, 6 )
( 2, 1)
( 1, 2 )
( 0, 3)
(1, 2 )
( 2, 1)
( 3, 6 )
Plot the points and connect them with a smooth

curve.
y
(3, 6)
(2, 1)
5
(1,2)
(0,3)
(2, 9)
(0, 0)
y
5
(2, 4)
(2, 4)
(0, 0)
(2, 2)
(0, 2)
5. False. To obtain the graph of f ( x ) = ( x + 12 )
variable x can take on any value on the real

number line. That is, f is defined for all real x
values. Thus, the domain is the set of all real
number, or ( , ) .
f ( x ) = x2 2 .
R3. For f ( x ) = 2 x + 5 x + 1 , the independent
we shift the graph of y = x 2 horizontally to the

left 12 units.
graph to the left 5 units to obtain the graph of
2
f ( x ) = ( x + 5) .
y
5
(2, 4)
1. A quadratic function is a function of the form
(7, 4)
(2, 4)
f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c, where a, b, and c are real

6
(0, 0)
5
596

graph down 2 units to obtain the graph of
numbers and a 0.
(2, 9)
(0, 5)
(2, 4)
(2, 4)
(2, 1)
(1,2)
y
9
(2, 2)
(3, 6)
y
5
(5, 0)
(3, 4)
4
5

graph to the right 1 unit to obtain the graph of
f ( x ) = ( x 1) .
y
(2, 4)
(2, 4)
(0, 0)
5
(3, 4)
(1, 4)
x
(1, 0)
(3, 0)
(1, 0)
(1, 4)
x
10. y-coordinate; a; vertically stretched; vertically

compressed
11. Begin with the graph of y = x 2 , then vertically
stretch the graph by a factor of 3 (multiply each
y-coordinate by 3) to obtain the graph of

graph 3 units to the right to obtain the graph of
2
y = ( x 3) . Shift this graph up 2 units to obtain
f ( x ) = 3x 2 .
y
the graph of f ( x ) = ( x 3) + 2 .
y
y
5
(2, 4)
(2, 4)
(1, 4)
(5, 4)
(0, 0)
(3, 0)
(1, 1)
(0, 0)
(0, 0)
(1, 6)
12. Begin with the graph of y = x 2 , then multiply
(5, 6)
the y-coordinates by
(3, 2)
5
5
y
(1, 3)
(1, 3)
(1, 1)
5
1
to obtain the graph of
4
1
f ( x ) = x2 .
4
(2, 4)
y
5
(2, 4)
(0, 0)
(2,1)
(2,1)

graph 1 unit to the left to obtain the graph of
(0, 0)
y = ( x + 1) . Shift this graph down 4 units to
obtain the graph of f ( x ) = ( x + 1) 4 .

y
5
(2, 4)
(0, 0)
13. True. In this case, a = 3 which is less than

zero, so the graph opens down.
y
(3, 4)
(2, 4)
5 (1, 0)
(1, 4)

graph 2 units to the left to obtain the graph of
5
y = ( x + 2 ) . Multiply the y-coordinates by 3

2
to obtain the graph of y = 3 ( x + 2 ) . Lastly,

shift the graph up 1 unit to obtain the graph of
2
f ( x ) = 3 ( x + 2 ) + 1 .
597

y
(1, 1)
(1, 1)
5
(0, 0)
(1, 2)
(1, 1)
(3, 1)
5 (2, 0)
5
(3, 3)
(1,3)
{ y | y 3}
5
(3, 2)
(3, 1)
(1, 1)
(2, 3)
The domain is {x | x is and real number} or,

using interval notation, ( , ) . The range is
x
5
(1,2)
or, using interval notation, [ 3, ) .

2
16. Consider the form f ( x ) = a ( x h ) + k . From

the graph, we know that the vertex is ( 1, 2 ) .
So h = 1 and k = 2 , and we have that

2
f ( x ) = a ( x (1) ) + 2
The domain is {x | x is and real number} or,

f ( x ) = a ( x + 1) + 2
or using interval notation ( , 1] .
The graph also passes through the point ( 0, 1)
15. Use completing the square to write the function

2
in the form y = a ( x h ) + k .
which means that f ( 0 ) = 1 . Substituting these
values into the function, we can solve for a:

2
f ( x ) = a ( x + 1) + 2
f ( x ) = 2 x2 8x + 5
(2, 1)
{ y | y 1}
(2, 0) 5
(2, 0)
(3, 2)
1 = a ( 0 + 1) + 2
)
= 2 ( x2 4 x ) + 5
= 2 ( x2 4 x + 4) + 5 8
2
= 2x 8x + 5
1 = a (1) + 2
1= a+2
1 = a
2
The quadratic function is f ( x ) = ( x + 1) + 2 .
= 2 ( x 2) 3
7.4 Exercises
Begin with the graph of y = x 2 , then shift the

graph right 2 units to obtain the graph of
17. (I)The graph of f ( x ) = x 2 + 3 is the graph of
y = ( x 2 ) . Vertically stretch this graph by a
y = x 2 shifted 3 units up. Thus, the graph of the

function is graph (D).
factor of 2 (multiply the y-coordinates by 2) to

2
obtain the graph of y = 2 ( x 2 ) . Lastly, shift
(II)The graph of f ( x ) = ( x + 3) is the graph of
the graph down 3 units to obtain the graph of

2
f ( x ) = 2 ( x 2) 3 .
y
(1, 1)
5
(0, 0)
5
(1, 1)
(1, 1)
5
y = x 2 shifted 3 units to the left. Thus, the graph

of the function is graph (A).
(III)The graph of f ( x) = x 2 3 is the graph of
(3, 1)
(2, 0) 5
5
y = x 2 shifted 3 units down. Thus, the graph of

the function is graph (C).
2
(IV)The graph of f ( x ) = ( x 3) is the graph of
y = x 2 shifted 3 units to the right. Thus, the

graph of the function is graph (B).
598
19. To obtain the graph of f ( x ) = ( x + 10 ) , begin

with the graph of y = x 2 and shift it 10 units to
the left.
21. To obtain the graph of F ( x ) = x 2 + 12 , begin

graph to the right 3 units to obtain the graph of
2
F ( x ) = ( x 3) .
y
(2, 4)
(2, 4)
(0, 0)
(1, 4)
(5, 4)
with the graph of y = x and shift it 12 units up.

2
23. To obtain the graph of H ( x ) = 2 ( x 5 ) , begin
(3, 0)
with the graph of y = x 2 , shift it 5 units to the

right, and vertically stretch it by a factor of 2
(multiply the y-coordinates by 2).

25. To obtain the graph of f ( x ) = 3 ( x + 5 ) + 8 ,
begin with the graph of y = x , shift it 5 units to

the left, multiply the y-coordinates by 3 (which
means it opens down and is stretched vertically
by a factor of 3), and shift the graph up 8 units.
h ( x ) = ( x + 2) .
y
(2, 4)

graph up 1 unit to obtain the graph of
f ( x) = x +1 .
(2, 4)
(0, 0)
4 (0, 4)
(4, 4)
4 (2, 0)
4
(1, 2)
(1, 1)
(1, 1)

stretch the graph by a factor of 4 (multiply each
y-coordinate by 4) to obtain the graph of
(0, 0)
(1, 2)
(0, 1)
g ( x ) = 4x2 .
y
4
8
(1, 4)
29. Begin with the graph of y = x , then shift the

graph down 1 unit to obtain the graph of
f ( x ) = x2 1 .
y
5
(2, 4)
(0, 0)
5
(1, 4)
(1, 1)
(1, 1)
(0, 0)
(0, 0)
y
5
(2, 4)
(2, 3)
(2, 3)
x
(0,1)
5
compress the graph by a factor of 13 (multiply

x
each y-coordinate by 13 ) to obtain the graph of
H ( x) =
1 2
x .
3
599

y
(2, 4)
y
(2, 4)
y
(2, 4)
4
(2, 4/3)
(0, 0)
(2, 4)
(0, 0)
(1, 4)
(5, 4)
(2, 4/3)
(0, 0)
4 (3, 0)
39. Begin with the graph of y = x , then multiply

each y-coordinate by 1 to obtain the graph of
p ( x ) = x2 .
(3, 1)
(2, 4)
(0, 0)
y
(2, 4)
(1, 5)
(5, 5)
(0, 0)
4
4

(2, 4)
y = ( x + 3) . Multiply the y-coordinates by 1
(2, 4)
to obtain the graph of y = ( x + 3) . Lastly,

graph 1 unit to the right to obtain the graph of
shift the graph up 2 units to obtain the graph of

2
h ( x ) = ( x + 3) + 2 .
y = ( x 1) . Shift this graph down 3 units to
obtain the graph of f ( x ) = ( x 1) 3 .

y
(2, 4)
(2, 4)
(1, 4)
(2, 4)
(0, 0)
(1, 0)
(2, 4)
(0, 0)
(1, 4)
(5, 4)
(3, 4)
4
4
4 (3, 0)
4
y
4
4
4
4
(3, 2)
(3, 0)
4
(1, 1)
(3, 1)
(5, 4)
(1, 2)
(1, 4)
(1, 3)

2
y = ( x + 3) . Shift this graph up 1 unit to obtain

2
the graph of F ( x ) = ( x + 3) + 1 .
600
x
(5, 2)

2
y = ( x + 1) . Vertically stretch this graph by a

2
obtain the graph of y = 2 ( x + 1) . Lastly, shift

2
G ( x ) = 2 ( x + 1) 2 .

y
(1, 1)
y = ( x + 1) . Shift this graph down 5 units to
(2, 1)
(1, 1)
(0, 0)
(1, 0)
(0, 1)
(1, 0)
1
2
1
( x + 5)2 . Lastly,
2
1
2
H ( x ) = ( x + 5) + 3 .
2
The vertex is ( h, k ) = ( 1, 5 ) and the axis of

symmetry is x = 1 . The domain is the set of all
real numbers or, using interval notation,
( , ) . The range is { y | y 5} or, using
interval notation, [ 5, ) .
(5, 0)
(3, 4)
(7, 4)
8
(3, 2)
(7, 2)
8
= ( x 2) + 4
8
(5, 3)
(7, 1)
x
= x 4x + 4 + 8 4
g ( x ) = x2 4 x + 8 = x 2 4 x + 8
(5, 0)
(1, 5)
to obtain the graph of y =
(1, 1)
(3, 1)
y = ( x + 5 ) . Multiply the y-coordinates by

(2, 4)
8 (0, 0)
(1, 0)
(1, 4)
(0, 0)
(1, 2)
(2, 4)
(0, 2)
(2, 0)
(3, 4)
(2, 4)
(0, 0)
4
(2, 2)
(2, 4)
(3, 1)
8

2
y = ( x 2 ) . Shift this graph up 4 units to obtain

2
the graph of g ( x ) = ( x 2 ) + 4 .
y

2
f ( x ) = x + 2x 4
8
(2, 4)
= x2 + 2 x + 1 4 1
2
= ( x + 1) 5
(0, 4)
(2, 4)
(0, 0)
(4, 4)
(2, 0)

601

y
1 = a ( 3 ( 4 ) ) + 0
2
(0, 8)
1 = a ( 3 + 4 )
(4, 8)
1 = a (1)
1= a
(2, 4)
The quadratic function is f ( x ) = ( x + 4 ) .


f ( x ) = x 2 + 6 x 16
(
)
= ( x 2 + 6 x + 9 ) 16 9
= x 2 + 6 x 16
= ( x + 3) 25
55. Consider the form y = a ( x h ) + k . From the
graph we know that the vertex is ( 1, 3) so we

have h = 1 and k = 3 . The graph also passes
through the point ( x, y ) = ( 0, 2 ) . Substituting
these values for x, y, h, and k, we can solve for a:
2 = a ( 0 ( 1) ) + ( 3)
2

graph 3 units left to obtain the graph of
2
y = ( x + 3) . Shift this result down 25 units to

2

y
2 = a (1) 3
2 = a 3
1= a
24
The quadratic function is f ( x ) = ( x + 1) 3 .
24
(4, 16)
(4, 16)
(0, 0)
(1, 16)
(7, 16)
8 (3, 0)
24
24
graph we know that the vertex is ( 3, 7 ) so we

through the point ( x, y ) = ( 0, 11) . Substituting
2
11 = a ( 0 3) + 7
24
8
(7, 9)
11 = a ( 3) + 7
18 = 9a
2 = a
(3, 25)
The quadratic function is f ( x ) = 2 ( x 3) + 7 .

2

graph we know that the vertex is ( 4, 0 ) so we

symmetry is x = 3 . The domain is the set of
all real numbers or, using interval notation,

through the point ( x, y ) = ( 3,1) . Substituting
602
8
(1, 9)

2
F ( x ) = x 2 + x 12
H ( x ) = 2 x2 4 x 1
)
= 2 ( x 2x) 1
= 2 ( x 2 2 x + 1) 1 2
= x 2 + x 12
= 2 x2 4 x 1
1
1
= x 2 + x + 12
4
4
2
1
49
=x+
2
4
= 2 ( x 1) 3

graph right 1 unit to obtain the graph of
1
unit to obtain the graph of
2
graph left
y = ( x 1) . Vertically stretch this graph by a
1
49
y = x + . Shift this graph down

units to
4
2
(4, 16)
(4, 16) , 16
(0, 0)
H ( x ) = 2 ( x 1) 3 .
16
9
2
16
4 ( 12 , 0 )
16
obtain the graph of y = 2 ( x 1) . Lastly, shift

1
49
obtain the graph of F ( x ) = x +

.
2
4
(72 , 16 )
4
16
8
(2, 4)
(2, 4)
(0, 0)
(3, 4)
(1, 4)
(1, 0)
16
(72 , 154 )
( 92 , 154 )
4
4
16
(1, 8)
(3, 8)
(1, 5)
( 12 , 494 )
The vertex is ( h, k ) = 12 , 49
and the axis of
4
49
( , ) . The range is y y or, using
4
(1, 0)
(3, 5)
(1, 3)
The vertex is ( h, k ) = (1, 3) and the axis of

49
interval notation, , .
4
603

2

2
P ( x ) = 3 x 2 + 12 x + 13
F ( x ) = x 2 10 x 21
)
2
= 3 ( x + 4 x ) + 13
= 3 ( x 2 + 4 x + 4 ) + 13 12
)
= ( x + 10 x ) 21
= ( x 2 + 10 x + 25) 21 + 25
= 3x 2 + 12 x + 13
= x 2 10 x 21
2
= 3( x + 2) + 1
= ( x + 5) + 4

graph left 2 units to obtain the graph of
2

2
y = ( x + 2 ) . Vertically stretch this graph by a
y = ( x + 5 ) . Multiply the y-coordinates by 1
to obtain the graph of y = ( x + 5 ) . Lastly,
obtain the graph of y = 3 ( x + 2 ) . Lastly, shift

the graph up 1 unit to obtain the graph of

2
F ( x ) = ( x + 5) + 4 .
P ( x ) = 3( x + 2) + 1 .
y
(1, 1)
(0, 0)
(0, 0)
(7, 4)
(3, 4)
(5, 0)
(1, 1)
(3, 1)
(2, 4)
(2, 4)
8
(1, 1)
(2, 0)
y
8
8
(5, 4)
(3, 3)
4 (2, 0)
4
(1, 4)
(3, 4)
(1, 3)
(7, 4)
(2, 1)
(3, 0)
(3, 4)
The vertex is ( h, k ) = ( 2,1) and the axis of


interval notation, ( , 4] .
interval notation, [1, ) .
604
(7, 0)
(5, 0)


2
g ( x ) = x2 + 6 x 1
H ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 8 x 4
)
= 2 ( x 4 x ) 4
= 2 ( x 2 4 x + 4 ) 4 + 8
)
= ( x2 6 x ) 1
= ( x2 6 x + 9 ) 1 + 9
= 2 x 2 + 8 x 4
= x2 + 6 x 1
= 2 ( x 2 ) + 4
= ( x 3) + 8


2
y = ( x 3) . Multiply the y-coordinates by 1
y = ( x 2 ) . Multiply the y-coordinates by 2

2
to obtain the graph of y = ( x 3) . Lastly,
to obtain the graph of y = 2 ( x 2 ) . Lastly,
H ( x ) = 2 ( x 2 ) + 4 .
g ( x ) = ( x 3) + 8 .
y
8
(2, 4)
y
8
(1, 4)
(2, 4)
(0, 0)
(1, 1)
(5, 4)
(3, 0) 4
(1, 1)
(1, 1)
(0, 0)
(2, 0)
(1, 4)
(3, 0)
(5, 4)
(3, 8)
(1, 2)
(2, 0)
(5, 4)
4
(1, 2)
(2, 4)
(3, 2)
(3, 2)
(1, 4)
(3, 1)
The vertex is ( h, k ) = ( 3,8 ) and the axis of

interval notation, ( ,8] .

605

2
G ( x ) = 12 x 2 12 x + 1
1 2
x 2x + 4
3
1
= x2 2 x + 4
3
1 2
= x 6x + 4
3
1 2
= x 6x + 9 + 4 3
3
1
2
= ( x 3) + 1
3
f ( x) =
(
(
( )
= 12 ( x 2 + x + 14 ) + 1 + 3
= 12 x 2 + x + 1
= 12 x + 12
1
1
(multiply the y-coordinates by ) to
3
3
1
2
obtain the graph of y = ( x 3) . Lastly, shift
3
the graph up 1 unit to obtain the graph of
1
2
f ( x ) = ( x 3) + 1 .
3
factor of
(0, 9)
graph of y = 12 x + . Lastly, shift the

2
graph up 4 units to obtain the graph of

2
G ( x ) = 12 x + + 4 .
2
(1,1)
(6, 9)
(3, 0) 8
(3, 0) 8
(0, 4)
(6, 3)
x
(0, 0)
4 ( 12 , 0 )
(12 ,1)
4
( 12 , 4 )
( 12 , 0 )
3
2
, 12 )
(3, 1)
1
2
( 32 , 8 ) 8
(6, 4)
8
, 12 )
(12 , 8 )
The vertex is ( h, k ) = 12 , 4 and the axis of
The vertex is ( h, k ) = ( 3,1) and the axis of

interval notation, [1, ) .
606
( 32 ,1)
(1,1)
(0, 3)
+4
unit to obtain the graph of y = x + .

2
Multiply the y-coordinates by 12 to obtain the
8 (0, 0)
1
Begin with the graph of y = x 2 , then shift left
2
y = ( x 3) . Vertically compress the graph by a
(3, 9)
= 12 x 2 12 x + 1

(3, 9)


79. Answers may vary. Since the graph opens up,
one possibility is to let a = 1 . The vertex is
( 3, 0 ) so we have h = 3 and k = 0 . Substituting
91. A quadratic function can never have a range of

( , ) . The graph of a quadratic always has a
turning point so it always has either a lowest
point or a highest point. In either case, the range
is limited by k, the y-coordinate of the vertex.
The range will either be ( , k ] if the graph
these values into the form y = a ( x h ) + k

2
gives y = f ( x ) = ( x 3) .
81. Answers may vary. Since the graph opens up,
( 3,1) so we have h = 3 and k = 1 .
Substituting these values into the form
2
y = a ( x h ) + k give y = f ( x ) = ( x + 3) + 1 .
83. Answers may vary. Since the graph opens down,
( 5, 1) so we have h = 5 and k = 1 .
Substituting these values into the form
opens down or [ k , ) if the graph opens up.
29
93. 12 349
24
109
108
1
So,
349
1
1
= 29 + = 29 .
12
12
12
x3 5 x 2 + 4 x 2
95. 2 x 1 2 x 4 11x3 + 13 x 2 8 x
2 x 4 x3
y = a ( x h ) + k gives
10 x3 + 13 x 2 8 x
y = f ( x ) = ( x 5) 1 .
10 x3 + 5 x 2
8x2 8x
85. Consider the form y = a ( x h ) + k . Since the
8x2 4 x
4x
4 x + 2
2
graph opens up, we know that a > 0 . The graph

is vertically stretched by a factor of 4 so we
know that a = 4 . The vertex is ( 9, 6 ) so we
have h = 9 and k = 6 . Substituting these
So,
2 x 4 11x3 + 13x 2 8 x
2
= x3 5 x 2 + 4 x 2 +
2x 1
2x 1
values gives y = f ( x ) = 4 ( x 9 ) 6 .
2
87. Consider the form y = a ( x h ) + k . Since the

graph opens down, we know that a < 0 . The
1
graph is vertically compressed by a factor of
3
1
so we know that a = . The vertex is ( 0, 6 ) so
3
we have h = 0 and k = 6 . Substituting these
1
values gives y = f ( x ) = x 2 + 6 .
3
89. The lowest or highest point on a parabola (the
graph of y = ax 2 + bx + c ) is called the vertex. If
a > 0 , the graph opens up and the vertex is the
low point. If a < 0 , the graph opens down and
the vertex is the high point.
97.
f ( x ) = x 2 + 1.3
Vertex: ( 0,1.3)
Axis of symmetry: x = 0
Range: { y | y 1.3} = [1.3, )
99. g ( x ) = ( x 2.5 )
607

Vertex: ( 2.5, 0 )
f ( x) = 0
R3.
2
Axis of symmetry: x = 2.5

Range: { y | y 0} = [ 0, )
x 3x 4 = 0
( x + 1)( x 4 ) = 0
x +1 = 0
or x 4 = 0
x = 1 or
x=4
The zeros are 1 and 4.
101. h ( x ) = 2.3 ( x 1.4 ) + 0.5

1. Any quadratic function f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c, a
0, will have a vertex whose x-coordinate is
b
x= .
2a
Vertex: (1.4, 0.5 )

Range: { y | y 0.5} = [ 0.5, )
2. The graph of f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c will have two

different x-intercepts if b2 4ac > 0.
103. F ( x ) = 3.4 ( x 2.8 ) + 5.9

3.
f ( x ) = 2 x 2 3 x + 6
2
b2 4ac = ( 3) 4 ( 2 )( 6 ) = 9 + 48 = 57 > 0
Since the discriminant is greater than zero, the
graph will have two x-intercepts.
Vertex:
( 2.8,5.9 )

Range: { y | y 5.9} = ( ,5.9]

R1. To find the y-intercept, let x = 0 and solve for y:
2(0) + 5 y = 20
5 y = 20
y=4
To find the x-intercept, let y = 0 and solve for x:
2 x + 5(0) = 20
2 x = 20
x = 10
The intercepts are (0, 4) and (10, 0) .
608
2 x 2 3x 20 = 0
( 2 x + 5 )( x 4 ) = 0
2x + 5 = 0
or x 4 = 0
5
x=
or
x=4
2
5
2
f ( x ) = x2 + 4 x 3
b
4
x=
= = 2
2a
2
f ( 2 ) = ( 2 ) + 4 ( 2 ) 3
= 4 8 3 = 7
The vertex is ( 2, 7 ) .
Section 7.5
R2.
4.
5. For the function f ( x ) = x 2 4 x 12 , we see

that a = 1 , b = 4 , and c = 12 . The parabola
opens up because a = 1 > 0 . The x-coordinate of
( 4 )
b
the vertex is x =
=
= 2 . The
2a
2 (1)
y-coordinate of the vertex is
b
f = f ( 2)
2a
2
= ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) 12
= 4 8 12
= 16
Thus, the vertex is ( 2, 16 ) and the axis of
symmetry is the line x = 2 .
The y-intercept is
2
f ( 0 ) = ( 0 ) 4 ( 0 ) 12 = 12 .
2
Now, b2 4ac = ( 4 ) 4 (1)( 12 ) = 64 > 0 .
The parabola will have two distinct x-intercepts.

We find these by solving
f ( x) = 0
x 2 4 x 12 = 0
( x 6 )( x + 2 ) = 0
x 6 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
x = 6 or
x = 2
Finally, the y-intercept point, ( 0, 12 ) , is two
units to the left of the axis of symmetry.
Therefore, if we move two units to the right of
the axis of symmetry, we obtain the point
( 4, 12 ) which must also be on the graph.
x=
12 2 15
6
6 15
=
3
x 0.71 or x 3.29
Finally, the y-intercept point, ( 0, 7 ) , is two
=

Therefore, if we move two units to the right of
the axis of symmetry, we obtain the point
y
10
(2, 0)
(6, 0)
(0.71, 0)
10 x
10
12 60
2 ( 3 )
18
(2, 5)
(3.29, 0)
10 x
10
(0,12)
x=2
(0,7)
10
(4,12)
(4,7)
(2,16)
x=2
6. For the function f ( x ) = 3x 2 + 12 x 7 , we see

opens down because a = 3 < 0 . The
x-coordinate of the vertex is
12
b
=
= 2 . The y-coordinate of
x=
2a
2 ( 3 )
the vertex is
b
f = f ( 2)
2a
2
= 3 ( 2 ) + 12 ( 2 ) 7
= 12 + 24 7
=5
symmetry is the line x = 2 . The y-intercept is
2
f ( 0 ) = 3 ( 0 ) + 12 ( 0 ) 7 = 7 .
Now, b2 4ac = 122 4 ( 3)( 7 ) = 60 > 0 . The
parabola will have two distinct x-intercepts. We
find these by solving
f ( x) = 0
3x 2 + 12 x 7 = 0
7. For the function f ( x ) = x 2 + 6 x + 9 , we see that
a = 1 , b = 6 , and c = 9 . The parabola opens up

because a = 1 > 0 . The x-coordinate of the
b
6
vertex is x =
=
= 3 . The
2a
2 (1)
y-coordinate of the vertex is
b
f = f ( 3)
2a
2
= ( 3) + 6 ( 3) + 9
= 9 18 + 9
=0
symmetry is the line x = 3 . The y-intercept is
f ( 0 ) = 02 + 6 ( 0 ) + 9 = 9 . Now,
b2 4ac = 62 4 (1)( 9 ) = 36 36 = 0 . Since the
discriminant is 0, the x-coordinate of the vertex
is the only x-intercept, x = 3 . Finally, the yintercept point, ( 0, 9 ) , is three units to the right
of the axis of symmetry. Therefore, if we move
three units to the left of the axis of symmetry, we
obtain the point ( 6, 9 ) which must also be on
the graph.
609

y
9. True. Since a < 0, the graph opens down. The

vertex is the highest point on the graph, and
b
therefore f is the maximum value of f.
2a
10 (0, 9)
(6, 9)
10 x
(3, 0)
10. If we compare f ( x ) = 2 x 2 8 x + 1 to
f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c , we find that a = 2 ,
x = 3
8. For the function G ( x ) = 3x 2 + 9 x 8 , we see

opens down because a = 3 < 0 . The xcoordinate of the vertex is
b
9
9 3
=
= = .
x=
2a
2 ( 3 ) 6 2
The y-coordinate of the vertex is
b
3
G = G
2a
2
2
3
3
= 3 + 9 8
2

2
27 27
= +
8
4
2
5
=
4
3 5
Thus, the vertex is , and the axis of
2 4
3
symmetry is the line x = . The y-intercept is
2
2
G ( 0 ) = 3 ( 0 ) + 9 ( 0 ) 8 = 8 . Now,
b2 4ac = 92 4 ( 3)( 8 ) = 81 96 = 15 .
Since the discriminant is negative, there are no xintercepts. Finally, the y-intercept point,
( 0, 8 ) , is three-halves units to the left of the
b = 8 , and c = 1 . Because a > 0 , we know the

graph will open up, so the function will have a
minimum value. The minimum value occurs at
( 8 )
b
=
= 2.
x=
2a
2 ( 2)
The minimum value of the function is
b
2
f = f ( 2 ) = 2 ( 2 ) 8 ( 2 ) + 1 = 7 . So,
2a
the minimum value is 7 and it occurs when
x = 2.
11. If we compare G ( x ) = x 2 + 10 x + 8 to
G ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c , we find that a = 1 ,
b = 10 , and c = 8 . Because a < 0 , we know the
graph will open down, so the function will have
a maximum value. The maximum value occurs
b
10
at x =
=
=5.
2a
2 ( 1)
The maximum value of the function is
b
G = G ( 5 ) = 52 + 10 ( 5 ) + 8 = 33 . So,
2a
the maximum value is 33 and it occurs when
x =5.
12. a.
axis of symmetry. Therefore, if we move threehalves units to the right of the axis of symmetry,
we obtain the point ( 3, 8 ) which must also be
on the graph.
y
10
x=
The revenue will be maximized when the

calculators are sold at a price of $75.
3
_
2
3
_
_5
,
4
2
10 x
10
(0, 8)
610
We first recognize that the revenue function

is a quadratic function whose graph opens
down since a = 0.5 < 0 . This means that
the function indeed has a maximum value.
The maximum value occurs when
b
75
p=
=
= 75 .
2a
2 ( 0.5)
(3, 8)
b.
The maximum revenue is obtained by

evaluating the revenue function at the price
found in part (a).
2
R ( 75 ) = 0.5 ( 75) + 75 ( 75 ) = 2812.5

The maximum daily revenue is $2812.50.

13. Let l = length and w = width.
The area of a rectangle is given by A = l w .
Before we can work on maximizing the area, we
need to get the function in terms of one
independent variable.
The 1000 yards of fence will form the perimeter
of the rectangle. That is, we have
2l + 2w = 1000 .
We can solve this equation for l and substitute
the result in the area equation.
2l + 2w = 1000
l + w = 500
l = 500 w
Thus, the area equation becomes
A = lw
= ( 500 w ) w
occurs when x =
The maximum revenue will be
R ( 35) = 352 + 70 ( 35 ) + 3000 = 4225 .

Now recall that x is the number of boxes in
excess of 30. Therefore, 30 + 30 = 65 boxes of
CDs should be sold in order to maximize
revenue. The maximum revenue will be $4225.
7.5 Exercises
15. a.
= w2 + 500 w
The area function is a quadratic function whose
graph opens down since a = 1 < 0 . This means
that the function indeed has a maximum. This
b
500
occurs when w =
=
= 250 .
2a
2 ( 1)
b.
b2 4ac = ( 6 ) 4 (1)( 16 )
= 36 + 64
= 100.
Because the discriminant is positive, the
parabola will have two distinct x-intercepts.
Since l = 500 w and w = 250 , the length will

be l = 500 250 = 250 yards.
The x-intercepts are:

f ( x) = 0
The rectangular field will have a maximum area

of 62,500 square yards when the field measures
250 yards by 250 yards.
x 2 6 x 16 = 0
( x 8)( x + 2) = 0
x 8 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
x=8
x = 2
(8, 0) and (2, 0)
14. Let x represent the number of boxes in excess of

30. Revenue is price times quantity. If 30 boxes
of CDs are sold, the revenue will be $100 ( 30 ) .
revenue will be $98 ( 32 ) . In general, if x boxes
= 3000 + 100 x 30 x x 2
f ( x ) = x 2 6 x 16 ;
a = 1, b = 6, c = 16;
A = 2502 + 500 ( 250 ) = 62,500 square yards
in excess of 30 are sold, then the number of

boxes will be 30 + x , and the price per box will
be 100 x . Thus, revenue will be
R( x) = (100 x )( 30 + x )
f ( x ) = x 2 6 x 16
b
6
x=
=
=3
2a
2
f (3) = (3) 2 6(3) 16
= 9 18 16
= 25
The vertex is (3, 25).
The maximum area can be found by substituting

this value for w in the area function.
If 31 boxes of CDs are sold, the revenue will be

$99 ( 31) . If 32 boxes of CDs are sold, the
b
70
=
= 35 .
2a
2 ( 1)
17. a.
G ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 4 x 5
b
4
x=
=
=1
2a
4
G(1) = 2(1)2 + 4(1) 5
= 2 + 4 5
= 3
The vertex is (1, 3).
= x 2 + 70 x + 3000
Now, this revenue function is a quadratic
function whose graph opens down since
a = 1 < 0 . This means that the function indeed
has a maximum value. The maximum value
611
b.
G ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 4 x 5
a = 2, b = 4, c = 5;
b.
b 4ac = ( 4 ) 4 ( 2 )( 5 )
= 16 40
= 24
Because the discriminant is negative, the
parabola will have no x-intercepts.
b2 4ac = ( 1) 4 ( 4 )( 1) = 1 + 16 = 17 .
Because the discriminant is positive, the
parabola will have two distinct x-intercepts.
h ( x ) = 4x2 + 4x + 1
b
4
1
x=
= =
2a
8
2
4 x2 x 1 = 0
The x-intercepts are:

F ( x) = 0
x=
1
1
1
h = 4 + 4 +1
2
2
2
= 1 2 +1
=0
1
The vertex is , 0 .
2
b.
1 17
8
x 0.39 or x 0.64
(0.39, 0) and (0.64, 0)
=
23.
f ( x ) = x2 4 x 5
vertex:
( 4 )
b
x=
=
=2
2a
2 (1)
2
The vertex is ( 2, 9 ) and the axis of symmetry
4 x2 + 4 x + 1 = 0
2
is x = 2 .
(2 x + 1) = 0
2x + 1 = 0
2 x = 1
1
x=
2
1
, 0
2
y-intercept:
2
f ( 0 ) = ( 0 ) 4 ( 0 ) 5 = 5
x-intercepts:
2
b2 4ac = ( 4 ) 4 (1)( 5 ) = 36 > 0

There are two distinct x-intercepts. We find these
by solving
f ( x) = 0
F ( x ) = 4 x2 x 1
1 1
b
=
=
x=
2a
8 8
1
1 1
F = 4 1
8
8 8
1 2 16
17
= =
16 16 16
16
1 17
The vertex is , .
8 16
612
( 1)2 4 ( 4 )( 1)
2 ( 4)
f ( 2 ) = ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) 5 = 9
The x-intercept is:

h ( x) = 0
( 1)
a = 1, b = 4, c = 5
The graph opens up because a > 0 .
h ( x ) = 4 x2 + 4 x + 1 ;
a = 4, b = 4, c = 1;
b2 4ac = 42 4 ( 4 )(1) = 16 16 = 0 .
Because the discriminant is zero, the
parabola will have one x-intercept.
21. a.
F ( x ) = 4 x2 x 1 ;
a = 4, b = 1, c = 1;
19. a.
x2 4 x 5 = 0
( x 5)( x + 1) = 0
x 5 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
x = 5 or x = 1
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0, 5 ) , is two units to the
left of the axis of symmetry. Therefore, if we
move two units to the right of the axis of

symmetry, we obtain the point ( 4, 5 ) which
must also be on the graph.
y
x = 6
(0, 32)
(12, 32)
24
x=2
8
(8, 0)
(5, 0)
(1, 0)
12
10 x
10
(0, 5)
(4, 5)
The domain is the set of all real numbers or,

{ y | y 9}
(6, 4)

(2, 9)
10
(4, 0)
25. G ( x ) = x 2 + 12 x + 32
a = 1, b = 12, c = 32
vertex:
(12 )
b
x=
=
= 6
2a
2 (1)
{ y | y 4}
27. F ( x ) = x 2 + 2 x + 8
a = 1, b = 2, c = 8
The graph opens down because a < 0 .
vertex:
( 2)
b
x=
=
=1
2a
2 ( 1)
2
F (1) = (1) + 2 (1) + 8 = 9
The vertex is (1,9 ) and the axis of symmetry is
G ( 6 ) = ( 6 ) + 12 ( 6 ) + 32 = 4

is x = 6 .
y-intercept:
x =1.
y-intercept:
2
F ( 0) = ( 0) + 2 ( 0) + 8 = 8
x-intercepts:
G ( 0 ) = ( 0 ) + 12 ( 0 ) + 32 = 32
b2 4ac = ( 2 ) 4 ( 1)( 8 ) = 36 > 0
x-intercepts:
2
b2 4ac = (12 ) 4 (1)( 32 ) = 16 > 0

by solving
G ( x) = 0
x 2 + 12 x + 32 = 0
( x + 8 )( x + 4 ) = 0
x + 8 = 0 or x + 4 = 0
x = 8 or x = 4
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0,32 ) , is six units to the
right of the axis of symmetry. Therefore, if we
move six units to the left of the axis of
symmetry, we obtain the point ( 12,32 ) which

by solving
F ( x) = 0
x2 + 2 x + 8 = 0
x2 2 x 8 = 0
( x + 2 )( x 4 ) = 0
x + 2 = 0 or x 4 = 0
x = 2 or x = 4
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0,8) , is one unit to the
move one unit to the right of the axis of
symmetry, we obtain the point ( 2,8 ) which must
also be on the graph.

613

y

(1, 9)
(2, 8)
10
(0, 8)
31. g ( x ) = x 2 + 2 x + 5
a = 1, b = 2, c = 5
10
x =1

{ y | y 9}
or, using interval notation, ( ,9] .
29. H ( x ) = x 4 x + 4
2
a = 1, b = 4, c = 4
vertex:
( 2)
b
x=
=
= 1
2a
2 (1)
2
g ( 1) = ( 1) + 2 ( 1) + 5 = 4
The vertex is ( 1, 4 ) and the axis of symmetry is
x = 1 .
y-intercept:
vertex:
( 4 )
b
x=
=
=2
2a
2 (1)
g ( 0) = ( 0) + 2 ( 0) + 5 = 5
x-intercepts:
2
b2 4ac = ( 2 ) 4 (1)( 5) = 16 < 0
H ( 2) = ( 2) 4 ( 2) + 4 = 0
x = 2.
There are no x-intercepts since the discriminant

is negative.
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0,5 ) , is one unit to the
y-intercept:
2
H ( 0) = ( 0) 4 ( 0) + 4 = 4
x-intercepts:
Since the discriminant is 0, the x-coordinate of
the vertex is the only x-intercept, x = 2 .

move one unit to the left of the axis of
x = 1
Graph:
y
614
12
(2, 5)
(1, 4)
5
(0, 5)
5
x=2

6
(0, 4)
{ y | y 0}
(4, 0)
(2, 0)
(4, 4)
(2, 0) 5
{ y | y 4} or, using interval notation, [ 4, ) .
33. h ( x ) = x 2 10 x 25
p (1) = (1) + 2 (1) 5 = 4
a = 1, b = 10, c = 25
The vertex is (1, 4 ) and the axis of symmetry is
vertex:
( 10 )
b
x=
=
= 5
2a
2 ( 1)
y-intercept:
x =1.
2
p ( 0 ) = ( 0 ) + 2 ( 0 ) 5 = 5
h ( 5 ) = ( 5 ) 10 ( 5 ) 25 = 0
x-intercepts:
x = 5 .

is negative.

y-intercept:
2
h ( 0 ) = ( 0 ) 10 ( 0 ) 25 = 25
x-intercepts:
2
b2 4ac = ( 10 ) 4 ( 1)( 25 ) = 100 100 = 0

the vertex is the only x-intercept. x = 5 .
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0, 25 ) , is five units to
the right of the axis of symmetry. Therefore, if
we move five units to the left of the axis of
b2 4ac = ( 2 ) 4 ( 1)( 5 ) = 16 < 0
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0, 5 ) , is one unit to the
y
5
(0, 5)
x=1
(1, 4) 5
(2, 5)

x = 5
(5, 0)

12
{ y | y 4}
( , 4] .
(0, 25)
(10, 25)
37. F ( x ) = 4 x 2 4 x 3
36

{ y | y 0}
or, using interval notation, ( , 0] .
35. p ( x ) = x 2 + 2 x 5
a = 1, b = 2, c = 5
vertex:
( 2)
b
x=
=
=1
2a
2 ( 1)
or, using interval notation,
a = 4, b = 4, c = 3
vertex:
( 4 ) 1
b
x=
=
=
2a
2 (4) 2
() ()
()
The vertex is ( 12 , 4 ) and the axis of symmetry
2
F 12 = 4 12 4 12 3 = 4
is x = 2 .
615

y-intercept:

y-intercept:
F ( 0 ) = 4 ( 0 ) 4 ( 0 ) 3 = 3
G ( 0 ) = 9 ( 0 ) + 18 ( 0 ) + 7 = 7
x-intercepts:
x-intercepts:
2
b 4ac = ( 4 ) 4 ( 4 )( 3) = 64 > 0
b2 4ac = (18 ) 4 ( 9 )( 7 ) = 576 > 0

by solving
F ( x) = 0

by solving
G ( x) = 0
4 x2 4 x 3 = 0
( 2 x + 1)( 2 x 3) = 0
9 x 2 + 18 x + 7 = 0
2x +1 = 0
or 2 x 3 = 0
2 x = 1 or 2 x = 3
1
3
x = or x =
2
2
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0, 3) , is 12 unit to the
move 12 unit to the right of the axis of
symmetry, we obtain the point (1, 3) which
9 x 2 18 x 7 = 0
( 3x + 1)( 3x 7 ) = 0
3x + 1 = 0
or 3x 7 = 0
3x = 1 or 3x = 7
1
7
x = or x =
3
3
Graph:
y x = 12
(1, 16)
12 , 0
5
3
2
(0, 3)
8
12
,0
(1, 3)
(0, 7)
(12 , 4 )
1
3
,0
39. G ( x ) = 9 x 2 + 18 x + 7
(73 , 0 )

{ y | y 16}
41. H ( x ) = 4 x 2 4 x + 1
a = 9, b = 18, c = 7
a = 4, b = 4, c = 1
vertex:
(18 )
b
x=
=
=1
2a
2 ( 9 )
vertex:
( 4 ) 1
b
x=
=
=
2a
2 (4) 2
G (1) = 9 (1) + 18 (1) + 7 = 16
( ) ()
()
2
H 12 = 4 12 4 12 + 1 = 0
x =1.
616
(2, 7)

{ y | y 4}
x=1
( )
x-intercepts:
The vertex is 12 , 0 and the axis of symmetry is
b2 4ac = ( 24 ) 4 ( 16 )( 9 ) = 0
x = 12 .
Since the discriminant is 0, the only x-intercept

is the x-coordinate of the vertex, x = 34 .
y-intercept:
2
H (0) = 4 (0) 4 (0) + 1 = 1
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0, 9 ) , is 34 unit to the
x-intercepts:

move 34 unit to the left of the axis of symmetry,
b2 4ac = ( 4 ) 4 ( 4 )(1) = 0
we obtain the point 32 , 9 which must also

be on the graph.
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0,1) , is 12 unit to the left
x = 34 y
( 34 , 0 )
of the axis of symmetry. If we move 12 unit to
the right of the axis of symmetry, we obtain the

point (1,1) which must also be on the graph.
( 32 , 9 )
(0, 9)
12
y x = 12
16

(0, 1)
5
{ y | y 0}
(1, 1)
(12 , 0 )
45.

{ y | y 0}
43.
f ( x ) = 16 x 2 24 x 9
a = 16, b = 24, c = 9
vertex:
( 24 )
b
3
x=
=
=
2a
2 ( 16 )
4
( )
f ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 8 x + 11
a = 2, b = 8, c = 11
vertex:
(8)
b
x=
=
= 2
2a
2 ( 2)
2
f ( 2 ) = 2 ( 2 ) + 8 ( 2 ) + 11 = 3
The vertex is ( 2,3) and the axis of symmetry is
x = 2 .
y-intercept:
( ) 24 ( 34 ) 9 = 0
f 34 = 16 34
or, using interval notation, ( , 0] .
is x = 34 .
f ( 0 ) = 2 ( 0 ) + 8 ( 0 ) + 11 = 11
x-intercepts:
2
b2 4ac = ( 8) 4 ( 2 )(11) = 24 < 0

is negative.
y-intercept:
2
f ( 0 ) = 16 ( 0 ) 24 ( 0 ) 9 = 9
617
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0,11) , is two units to the
move two units to the left of the axis of
symmetry, we obtain the point ( 4,11) which
y x=
5
3
4
3
4
(0, 3)
3
2
3
4
5
, 3 )

x = 2
16

(0, 11)
(4, 11)
(2, 3)
5

{ y | y 3}
or, using interval notation, [3, ) .
47. P ( x ) = 4 x 2 + 6 x 3
49. h ( x ) = x 2 + 5 x + 3
a = 1, b = 5, c = 3
a = 4, b = 6, c = 3
vertex:
(5)
b
5
x=
=
=
2a
2 (1)
2
vertex:
( 6) 3
b
x=
=
=
2a
2 ( 4 ) 4
( ) ( ) + 5 ( 52 ) + 3 = 134
The vertex is ( 52 , 13
and the axis of
4)
h 52 = 52
()
() ()
2
3
P 34 = 4 34 + 6 34 3 =
4
is x = 34 .
symmetry is x = 52 .
y-intercept:
2
h ( 0) = ( 0) + 5 ( 0) + 3 = 3
x-intercepts:
y-intercept:
b2 4ac = ( 5 ) 4 (1)( 3) = 13 > 0
P ( 0 ) = 4 ( 0 ) + 6 ( 0 ) 3 = 3
x-intercepts:
2
b2 4ac = ( 6 ) 4 ( 4 )( 3) = 12 < 0
is negative.
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0, 3) , is 34 unit to the
move 34 unit to the right of the axis of
symmetry, we obtain the point 32 , 3 which

618
y | y or, using interval notation,

4
, .
4

by solving
h ( x) = 0
x2 + 5x + 3 = 0
5 13
x=
2
x 0.70 or x 4.30
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0,3) , is 52 units to the
move 52 units to the left of the axis of symmetry,

we obtain the point ( 5,3) which must also be
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0, 2 ) , is 43 units to the
on the graph.

move 43 units to the right of the axis of
x = 52 y
( )
12
(5,3)
(0, 3)
(4.30, 0)
7
5
2
13
4
y x=
10
(0.70, 0)
is x = 43 .
f ( x ) = 5x2 5 x + 2
a = 5, b = 5, c = 2
vertex:
( 5 ) 1
b
x=
=
=
2a
2 ( 5) 2
( 12 ) + 2 = 34
The vertex is ( 12 , 43 ) and the axis of symmetry is
f
y-intercept:
2
G ( 0 ) = 3 ( 0 ) + 8 ( 0 ) + 2 = 2
( 12 ) = 5 ( 12 )
x=
x-intercepts:
1
2
b 4ac = ( 8 ) 4 ( 3)( 2 ) = 88 > 0

by solving
G ( x) = 0
2
(2.90, 0)
22

3
22
, .
3
53.
( 43 ) = 3 ( 43 ) + 8 ( 43 )
and the axis of symmetry
3 )

a = 3, b = 8, c = 2
,2
51. G ( x ) = 3x 2 + 8 x + 2
22
+2=
3
8
3
5
(0.23, 0)
13

4
13
4 , .
, 22
3
(0, 2)

vertex:
(8) 4
b
x=
=
=
2a
2 ( 3) 3
4
3
4
3
3 x 2 + 8 x + 2 = 0
8 88 8 2 22 4 22
x=
=
=
2 ( 3 )
6
3
x 0.23 or x 2.90
y-intercept:
2
f ( 0) = 5 ( 0) 5 ( 0) + 2 = 2
x-intercepts:
2
b2 4ac = ( 5 ) 4 ( 5)( 2 ) = 15 < 0

is negative.
619
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0, 2 ) , is 12 unit to the left
Graph:
of the axis of symmetry. Therefore, if we move

one unit to the right of the axis of symmetry, we
obtain the point (1, 2 ) which must also be on the
must also be on the graph (these points are

actually the x-intercept points).
graph.
y x = 12
x=1
8
3
(1, 2)
(0, 2)
1
1
2
, 43
2

3
y | y or, using interval notation, , .
4
4
55. H ( x ) = 3x 2 + 6 x
{ y | y 3}
57.
a = 3, b = 6, c = 0
vertex:
( 6)
b
x=
=
=1
2a
2 ( 3)
5
3
x
2
2
a = 1, b = 52 , c = 23
f ( x ) = x2

vertex:
x=
H (1) = 3 (1) + 6 (1) = 3
The vertex is (1,3) and the axis of symmetry is
x =1.
y-intercept:
( )
5
b
5
= 2 =
2a
2 (1) 4
49
( 54 ) 23 = 16
49 and the axis of symmetry
)
f
( 54 ) = ( 45 )
25
is x = 54 .
H ( 0 ) = 3 ( 0 ) + 6 ( 0 ) = 0
y-intercept:
x-intercepts:

f ( 0) = ( 0)
5
3
3
( 0) =
2
2
2
b 4ac = ( 6 ) 4 ( 3)( 0 ) = 36 > 0

by solving
H ( x) = 0
x-intercepts:
3 x 2 + 6 x = 0
3 x ( x 2 ) = 0

by solving
( )
b2 4ac = 52
3x = 0 or x 2 = 0
x = 0 or x = 2
620
(1, 3)
(2, 0)
(0, 0)
( )
4 (1) 23 =
49
4
>0
f ( x) = 0
5
3
x2 x = 0
2
2
2 x2 5x 3 = 0
( 2 x + 1)( x 3) = 0
2 x + 1 = 0 or x 3 = 0
2 x = 1 or x = 3
1
x = or x = 3
2
Graph:
y-intercept:
1 2
G ( 0 ) = ( 0 ) + 2 ( 0 ) 6 = 6
2
x-intercepts:
b2 4ac = ( 2 ) 4
2
The y-intercept point, 0, 32 , is 54 units to the


y x=
, 0)
3
2
x = 2 y
(52 , 32 )
5
4
49
, 16

49

16
49
16 , .
1
59. G ( x ) = x 2 + 2 x 6
2
1
a = , b = 2, c = 6
2
vertex:
( 2)
b
x=
=
= 2
2a
2 1
(2)
1
( 2 )2 + 2 ( 2 ) 6 = 8
2
is x = 2 .
G ( 2 ) =
Graph:
(3, 0)
0,

by solving
G ( x) = 0
1
x + 2x 6 = 0
2
x 2 + 4 x 12 = 0
( x + 6 )( x 2 ) = 0
x + 6 = 0 or x 2 = 0
x = 6 or x = 2

5
4
8
1
2
( 12 ) ( 6) = 16 > 0
(6, 0)
(2, 0)
10
(4, 6)
(2, 8)
10 x
(0, 6)

{ y | y 8}
1
61. F ( x ) = x 2 + x + 15
4
1
a = , b = 1, c = 15
4
vertex:
(1)
b
x=
=
=2
2a
2 1
( 4)
F ( 2) =
1
( 2 )2 + ( 2 ) + 15 = 16
4
621

The vertex is ( 2,16 ) and the axis of symmetry is
x = 2.
G ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c , we find that a = 1 ,
( )

by solving
F ( x) = 0
1 2
x + x + 15 = 0
4
x 2 4 x 60 = 0
( x 10 )( x + 6 ) = 0
x 10 = 0 or x + 6 = 0
x = 10 or x = 6
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0,15 ) , is two units to the
y
(0, 15)
x=2
(2, 16)
(4, 15)
So, the maximum value is 28 and it occurs

when x = 5 .
67. If we compare F ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 12 x + 5 to
F ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c , we find that a = 2 ,
a maximum value.
The maximum value occurs at
b
12
x=
=
= 3.
2a
2 ( 2 )

when x = 3 .
69. If we compare h ( x ) = 4 x 2 + 16 x 3 to

63. If we compare f ( x ) = x 2 + 8 x + 13 to
f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c , we find that a = 1 , b = 8 ,
and c = 13 . Because a > 0 , we know the graph
will open up, so the function will have a
minimum value.
The minimum value occurs at
b
8
x=
=
= 4 .
2a
2 (1)
622
G ( 5 ) = ( 5 ) 10 ( 5 ) + 3 = 28 .
(10, 0)
{ y | y 16}
The maximum value is
F ( 3) = 2 ( 3) + 12 ( 3) + 5 = 23 .
(6, 0)
4
b = 10 , and c = 3 . Because a < 0 , we know

the graph will open down, so the function will
have a maximum value.
( 10 )
b
x=
=
= 5 .
2a
2 ( 1)
f ( 4 ) = ( 4 ) + 8 ( 4 ) + 13 = 3 .
65. If we compare G ( x ) = x 2 10 x + 3 to
b2 4ac = (1) 4 14 (15 ) = 16 > 0

2
The minimum value is

So, the minimum value is 3 and it occurs when
x = 4 .
y-intercept:
1 2
F ( 0 ) = ( 0 ) + ( 0 ) + 15 = 15
4
x-intercepts:
h ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c , we find that a = 4 , b = 16 ,
minimum value.
b
16
x=
=
= 2 .
2a
2 ( 4)
2
h ( 2 ) = 4 ( 2 ) + 16 ( 2 ) 3 = 19 .
So, the minimum value is 19 and it occurs
when x = 2 .
71. If we compare f ( x ) = 2 x 2 5 x + 1 to
b = 5 , and c = 1 . Because a > 0 , we know the
graph will open up, so the function will have a
minimum value.
( 5 ) 5
b
x=
=
= or 1.25 .
2a
2 (2) 4
() ()
5
4
=2
5 2
4
()
5
4
+1 =
So, the minimum value is

when x =
5
4
17
or 2.125 .
8
17
8
and it occurs
77. First we recognize that the quadratic function has

the leading coefficient a = 0.05 > 0 . This means
that the graph will open up and the function will
indeed have a minimum value. The minimum
( 6 )
b
value occurs when x =
=
= 60
2a
2 ( 0.05 )
The marginal cost will be minimized when 60
digital cameras are produced.
To find the minimum marginal cost, we evaluate
the marginal cost function for x = 60 .
2
C ( 60 ) = 0.05 ( 60 ) 6 ( 60 ) + 215 = 35
The minimum marginal cost is $35.
79. a.
73. If we compare H ( x ) = 3x 2 + 4 x + 1 to
H ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c , we find that a = 3 ,
a maximum value.
b
4
2
x=
=
= .
2a
2 ( 3) 3
The pumpkin will reach a maximum height

after 7.5 seconds.
b.
()
2
3
= 3
()
2
3
+4
()
2
3
+1 =
7
3
when x = 23 .
s ( 7.5 ) = 16 ( 7.5 ) + 240 ( 7.5 ) + 10 = 910

of 910 feet.
c.
We first recognize that the quadratic

function has the leading coefficient
a = 2.5 < 0 . This means that the graph
will open down and the function indeed has
a maximum value. The maximum value
b
600
occurs when p =
=
= 120 .
2a
2 ( 2.5 )
DVD players are sold at a price of $120.
b.
The maximum height can be found by

evaluating s ( t ) for the value of t found in
part (a).
75. a.
First we recognize that the quadratic

function has the negative leading coefficient
a = 16 < 0 . This means the graph will
open down and the function will indeed
have a maximum.
The maximum height will occur when
b
240
t=
=
= 7.5 .
2a
2 ( 16 )

found in part (a).
2
R (120 ) = 2.5 (120 ) + 600 (120 ) = 36, 000

The maximum revenue is $36,000.
When the pumpkin is on the ground, it will

have a height of 0 feet. Thus, we need to
solve s ( t ) = 0 .
16t 2 + 240t + 10 = 0
8t 2 120t 5 = 0
a = 8, b = 120, c = 5
t=
( 120 )
( 120 )2 4 ( 8)( 5)
2 ( 8)
120 14560
16
t 0.042 or t 15.042
Since the time of flight cannot be negative,
we discard the negative solution. The
pumpkin will hit the ground in about
15.042 seconds.
=
623

81. a.

32
a=
< 0 . This means the graph will
3352
have a maximum.
b
1
x=
=
1753.52 .
2a
2 32 / 3352

Note: The answer in part (b) of this problem
is also an approximation because we
approximated the time in part (a).
83. a.

when it is about 1753.52 feet from the
cannon.
b.
The maximum height is obtained by

evaluating h ( x ) for the value of x found in
part (a).
h (1753.52 ) =
32
(1753.52 )2 + (1753.52 ) + 10
2
335
886.76
of about 886.76 feet.
c.
When the pumpkin is on the ground, it will

have a height of 0 feet. Thus, we need to
solve h ( x ) = 0 .
32 2
x + x + 10 = 0
3352
32
, b = 1 , c = 10
a=
3352
624
Average income will be maximized at an

age of about 46.5 years.
b.
To determine the maximum average income,

we evaluate I ( a ) for the value of a found
in part (a).
I ( 46.5 )
2
= 55 ( 46.5 ) + 5119 ( 46.5) 54, 448

= 64, 661.75
The maximum average income is about
$64,661.75.
85. Let x represent the first number. Then the second
number must be 36 x . We can express the
product of the two numbers as the function
p ( x ) = x ( 36 x ) = x 2 + 36 x
32
1 12 4
(10 )
3352
x=
32
2
3352
x 9.97 or x 3517.00
Since the horizontal distance traveled cannot
be negative, we discard the negative result.
The pumpkin will hit the ground at a
distance of about 3517 feet from the cannon.
d.

a = 55 < 0 . This means the graph will
have a maximum.
The maximum value occurs when
5119
5119
x=
=
46.5 .
2 ( 55 ) 110
The two answers are close. The difference is

because the initial velocity component used
in the formula for problem 73 was an
approximation while the value used in the
formula for this problem was exact. The
exact formula for problem 73 would be
335
s ( t ) = 16t 2 +
t + 10 .
2
If we had used this formula, the two results
would be the same.
This is a quadratic function with a = 1 ,

b = 36 , and c = 0 . The function is maximized
b
36
when x =
=
= 18 .
2a
2 ( 1)
The maximum product can be obtained by
evaluating p ( x ) when x = 18 .
p ( x ) = 18 ( 36 18) = 18 (18 ) = 324
Two numbers that sum to 36 have a maximum

product of 324 when both numbers are 18.
87. Let x represent the smaller number. Then the
larger number must be x + 18 . We can express
the product of the two numbers as the function
p ( x ) = x ( x + 18) = x 2 + 18 x .
This is a quadratic function with a = 1 , b = 18 ,
and c = 0 . The product will be a minimum when
b
18
x=
=
= 9 .
2a
2 (1)
The minimum product can be found by
p ( 9 ) = 9 ( 9 + 18 ) = 9 ( 9 ) = 81
Two numbers whose difference is 18 have a
minimum product of 81 when the smaller
number is 9 and the larger number is 9.
89. Let l = length and w = width.
The area of a rectangle is given by A = l w .
Before we can work on maximizing area, we
need to get the equation in terms of one
independent variable.
The 500 yards of fencing will form the perimeter
of the rectangle. That is, we have
2l + 2w = 500 .
We can solve this equation for l and substitute
the result in the area equation.
2l + 2w = 500
l + w = 250
l = 250 w
Thus, the area equation becomes
A = lw
= ( 250 w ) w
93. From the diagram, we can see that the crosssectional area will be rectangular with a width of
x inches and a length of 20 2 x inches. The
cross-sectional area is then
A = ( 20 2 x ) x = 2 x 2 + 20 x
Since a = 2 < 0 , the graph will open down and
the function will have a maximum value. This
value occurs when
b
20
x=
=
=5
2a
2 ( 2 )
The maximum cross-sectional area can be found
by substituting this value for x in the area
equation.
A = ( 20 2 ( 5 ) ) 5 = 10 5 = 50
The gutter will have a maximum cross-sectional
area of 50 square inches if the gutter has a depth
of 5 inches.
95. a.
R = ( p + 110 ) p = p 2 + 110 p
= w + 250w
Since a = 1 < 0 , we know the graph opens
down, so there will be a maximum area. This
b
250
occurs when w =
=
= 125 .
2a
2 ( 1)
b.

this value for w in the area equation.
A = 125 ( 250 125 ) = 125 (125 ) = 15, 625
A = ( 2000 2 x ) x = 2 x 2 + 2000 x
R = ( ( 55 ) + 110 ) ( 55 ) = 55 55 = 3025
There will be a maximum revenue of $3025
if the price is set at $55 for each pair of
jeans.
c.
Since a = 2 < 0 , we know the graph opens

down and there will be a maximum area. This
value occurs when
b
2000
x=
=
= 500 .
2a
2 ( 2 )
this value for x into the area equation.
A = 500 ( 2000 2 ( 500 ) ) = 500, 000
of 500,000 square meters when the field
measures 500 m 1000 m and the long side is
parallel to the river.
The revenue function is quadratic with

a = 1 < 0 . This means the graph will open
down and the function will have a maximum
value. This value occurs when
b
110
p=
=
= 55 .
2a
2 ( 1)
The maximum revenue can be found by
substituting this value for p in the revenue
equation.

of 15,625 square yards when the field measures
125 yards 125 yards .
91. The area of a rectangular region is the product of
the length and width. From the figure, we can
see that the area would be
Since R = x p , we have
97. a.
To determine how many pairs of jeans will

be sold, we substitute the maximizing price
into the demand equation.
x = p + 110
= ( 55) + 110 = 55
When the price per pair is $55, the
department store will sell 55 pairs.
a =1:
f ( x ) = 1( x 2 )( x 6 ) = x 2 8 x + 12
a=2:
f ( x ) = 2 ( x 2 )( x 6 ) = 2 x 2 16 x + 24
625

a = 2 :
f ( x ) = 2 ( x 2 )( x 6 ) = 2 x 2 + 16 x 24
b.
The value of a has no effect on the

x-intercepts. These depend only on the
factors and are given in the problem.
The value of a does have an effect on the
y-intercept which can be expressed as
c = a r1 r2 = 12a .
c.
The value of a has no effect on the axis of

symmetry. The axis of symmetry lies
halfway between the two x-intercepts which
are fixed. Note that in this case we have
1
x2
4
Let x = 4, 0, and 4 .
1
G ( 4 ) = ( 4 ) 2 = 1 2 = 3
4
1
G ( 0 ) = ( 0 ) 2 = 0 2 = 2
4
1
G ( 4 ) = ( 4 ) 2 = 1 2 = 1
4
Thus, the points ( 4, 3) , ( 0, 2 ) , and ( 4, 1)
are on the graph.
103. G ( x ) =
f ( x ) = ax 2 8ax + 12a
The axis of symmetry would be
( 8a ) 8a
x=
=
=4
2 ( a ) 2a
(4,3)
5
which does not depend on a.

d.
x
(4,1)
Consider the general function in this case

2
written in the form f ( x ) = a ( x h ) + k .
f ( x ) = ax 2 8ax + 12a
(
)
2
= a ( x 8 x + 16 ) + 12a 16a
= a x 2 8 x + 12a
= a ( x 4 ) 4a
The x-coordinate of the vertex is 4, which
does not depend on a. However, the
y-coordinate is 4a which does depend on
a.
105.
(0,2)
f ( x ) = ( x + 2) + 4
Let x = 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0 .
2
f ( 4 ) = ( 4 + 2 ) + 4 = ( 2 ) + 4 = 4 + 4 = 8
f ( 3) = ( 3 + 2 ) + 4 = ( 1) + 4 = 1 + 4 = 5
2
f ( 2 ) = ( 2 + 2 ) + 4 = ( 0 ) + 4 = 0 + 4 = 4
2
f ( 1) = ( 1 + 2 ) + 4 = (1) + 4 = 1 + 4 = 5
99. Answers may vary. One possibility follows:

If the discriminant b2 4ac > 0 , the graph of the
quadratic function will have two different
x-intercepts. If the discriminant b2 4ac = 0 ,
the graph will have one x-intercept. If the
discriminant b2 4ac < 0 , the graph will not
have any x-intercepts.
101. A revenue of $0 when the price charged is some
positive number is in an indication that the price
was too high to keep any consumer demand.
Regardless of the price charged, if no items are
sold, then no revenue can be generated.
626
f ( 0) = ( 0 + 2) + 4 = ( 2) + 4 = 4 + 4 = 8
Thus, the points ( 4,8 ) , ( 3,5 ) , ( 2, 4 ) ,
( 1,5) , and ( 0,8)
are on the graph.
(4, 8)
(3, 5)
(2, 4)
5
(0, 8)
(1, 5)

107. Vertex: ( 3.5, 9.25)
Section 7.6
R1. The inequality 4 x < 5 in interval notation is
[ 4, 5) .
R2.
109. Vertex: ( 3.5, 37.5)
111. Vertex: ( 0.3, 20.45 )
3x + 5 > 5 x 3
3x + 5 5 x > 5 x 3 5x
2 x + 5 > 3
2 x + 5 5 > 3 5
2 x > 8
2 x 8
<
2 2
x<4
The solution set is { x | x < 4} or, using interval
notation, ( , 4 ) .

1. We graph f ( x ) = x 2 + 3x 10 . We see that
113. Vertex: ( 0.67, 4.78 )
a = 1 , b = 3 , and c = 10 . The parabola opens

up because a = 1 > 0 . The x-coordinate of the
b
3
3
vertex is x =
=
= . The y2a
2 (1)
2
115. c is the y-intercept. In terms of transformations, c

is also 1 larger than the vertical shift and thus, 1
larger than the y-coordinate of the vertex. This is
because we can write:
coordinate of the vertex is

b
3
f = f
2a
2
2
3
3
= + 3 10
2
2
9 9
= 10
4 2
49
=
4
3 49
4
2
3
symmetry is the line x = .
2
f ( x ) = x2 + 2x + c
(
)
= ( x 2 + 2 x + 1) + c 1
= x2 + 2 x + c
= ( x + 1) + ( c 1)
The y-intercept is f ( 0 ) = 02 + 3 ( 0 ) 10 = 10 .
Now, b2 4ac = 32 4 (1)( 10 ) = 49 > 0 . The
f ( x) = 0
x 2 + 3x 10 = 0
( x + 5)( x 2 ) = 0
x + 5 = 0 or x 2 = 0
x = 5 or
x=2
627

Finally, the y-intercept point, ( 0, 10 ) , is three-
x 2 > 2 x 24
3.
0 > x 2 + 2 x 24
haves units to the right of the axis of symmetry.

Therefore, if we move three-halves units to the
left of the axis of symmetry, we obtain the point
x 2 + 2 x 24 < 0
Solve:
x 4 = 0 or x + 6 = 0
x = 4 or
x = 6
Determine where each factor is positive and
negative and where the product of these factors
is positive and negative.
(2, 0)
(5, 0)
10 x
10
(3, 10)
(0, 10)
3 __
49
_
,
4
2
Interval
From the graph, we can see that
f ( x ) = x 2 + 3x 10 is greater than 0 for x < 5

or x > 2 . Because the inequality is non-strict,
we include the x-intercepts in the solution. So,
the solution is { x x 5 or x 2} using set-
6 4
5
Interval
(2, )
Neg
Pos
Pos
Pos
Pos
Neg
Pos
(5, 2)
x2
Neg
Neg
x+5
Neg
Pos
(x 2)(x + 5)
The inequality is non-strict, so 5 and 2 are part

of the solution. Now, ( x 2 )( x + 5 ) is greater
than zero where the product is positive. The
solution is { x | x 5 or x 2} in set-builder
notation; the solution is ( , 5] [ 2, ) in

interval notation.
8
628
6 4
5
Pos
Neg
Pos
Neg
Neg
Pos
3x 2 > x + 5
4.
(, 5)
Pos
Pos
Neg
x 2 = 0 or x + 5 = 0
x = 2 or
x = 5
Pos
x4
x+6
solution is ( 6, 4 ) in interval notation.
x + 3x 10 = 0
Neg
(6, 4)
zero where the product is negative. The solution

is { x | 6 < x < 4} in set-builder notation; the
( x 2 )( x + 5 ) = 0
(4, )
The inequality is strict, so 6 and 4 are not part

of the solution. Now, ( x + 6 )( x 4 ) is less than
2. x 2 + 3x 10 0
Solve:
(, 6)
(x 4)(x + 6)
builder notation; the solution is

( , 5] [ 2, ) using interval notation.
8
x 2 + 2 x 24 = 0
( x 4 )( x + 6 ) = 0
3x + x 5 > 0
Graphical Method:
To graph f ( x ) = 3x 2 + x 5 , we notice that
a = 3 , b = 1 , and c = 5 . The parabola opens

up because a = 3 > 0 . The x-coordinate of the
b
1
1
vertex is x =
=
= . The y2a
2 ( 3)
6
coordinate of the vertex is
b
1
f = f
2a
6
2
1 1
= 3 + 5
6 6
61
=
12
1 61
6 12
1
symmetry is the line x = . The y-intercept is
6
Interval
f ( 0 ) = 3 ( 0 ) + 0 5 = 5 .
(, 1.47)
Now, b 4ac = 1 4 ( 3)( 5 ) = 61 > 0 . The

2

f ( x) = 0
3x 2 + x 5 = 0
1 61
6
x 1.47 or x 1.14
y
_______
1 61
, 0
_______
1 + 61
,0
1 __
61
_
,
6 12
(0,5)
From the graph, we can see that
f ( x ) = 3x 2 + x 5 is greater than 0 for

1 61
1 + 61
or x >
. Because the
6
6
inequality is strict, we do not include the xintercepts in the solution. So, the solution is
1 61
1 + 61
or x >
x x <
using set6
6
1 61 1 + 61
, using
,

6
6
interval notation.
x<
Algebraic Method:
Pos
Pos
Pos
Neg
Neg
Neg
Pos
Pos
Neg
Pos
_____
1 + 61
x
1 + 61
6
x 1.47 or x 1.14
=

1 61
_______
1 + 61
_______
6
5. (2x 3)(x + 4)(x 5) 0

Solve.
(2x 3)(x + 4)(x 5) = 0
2 x 3 = 0 or x + 4 = 0 or x 5 = 0
3
x=
or
x = 4 or
x=5
2
is positive and negative in the four intervals.
(, 4)
1 61
x=
2 ( 3)
1 61
and
6
1 + 61
are not part of the solution. Now,
6
1 61 1 + 61
x
x
is greater
6
6

than zero where the product is positive. So, the
1 61
1 + 61
solution is x x <
or x >
6
6
using set-builder notation; the solution is
1 61 1 + 61
, using
,

6
6
interval notation.
Interval
Solve: 3x 2 + x 5 = 0
Neg
The inequality is strict, so
1 + 61
_______
_____
1 61
x
_____
1 61 _____
1 + 61
x
x
6
6

1 61
x=
2 ( 3)
(1.14, )
(1.47, 1.14)
1 61
_______
4 ,
3
2
3
2
3
, 53
Pos
Pos Pos
Pos Pos
(5, )
(2x 3)
Neg
(x + 4)
Neg
Pos
Pos
Pos
(x 5)
Neg
Neg
Neg
Neg
Neg
Pos
(2x 3)(x + 4)(x 5)
Neg
Pos
Neg
Pos
Neg
Neg
3
, and 5 are
2
in the solution set. The product is less than zero
The inequality is non-strict, so 4,
629
3
for (, 4) and , 5 . The solution
2
3
is x x 4 or x 5 in set-builder
2
3
notation, or (, 4] , 5 in interval
2
notation.
8
6.
]
4
[
0 3 2
9. a.
The solution is x 6 x
b.
x3 + 7 x 2 4 x 28 > 0
x 2 ( x + 7) 4( x + 7) > 0
( x + 7)( x 2 4) > 0
( x + 7)( x + 2)( x 2) > 0
Solve (x + 7)(x + 2)(x 2) = 0.
x+7 = 0
or x + 2 = 0 or x 2 = 0
x = 7 or
x = 2 or
x=2
is positive and negative in the four intervals.
Interval
(, 7)
(7, 2)
(2, 2)
Neg
Pos
Pos
Pos
Pos Pos
(x + 2)
Neg
Neg
Neg
Pos
Pos Pos
(x 2)
Neg
Neg
Neg
Neg
Neg
(x + 7)(x + 2)(x 2)
Neg
Pos
Neg
11.
)
2
(
2
Pos
(2, 5)
x+2
(x 5)(x + 2)
++++
( 5, )
++++
++++
++++
++++
notation; the solution is ( , 2] [5, ) in

interval notation.
The graph is greater than 0 for x < 6 or
x > 5 . The solution is { x x < 6 or x > 5}
The graph is 0 or less for 6 x 5 . The
solution is { x 6 x 5} using set-builder

notation; the solution is [ 6, 5] using
interval notation.
630
(, 2)
x5


( , 6 ) ( 5, ) using interval notation.
b.
( x 5 )( x + 2 ) 0
Solve: ( x 5 )( x + 2 ) = 0

7.6 Exercises
7. a.
The graph is less than 0 for x < 6 or

5
5
x > . The solution is x x < 6 or x >
2
2

5
( , 6 ) , using interval
2
notation.
Interval
Pos
The inequality is strict, so 7, 2, and 2 are not

in the solution set. The product is greater than
zero for (7, 2) and (2, ). The solution is
{x|7 < x < 2 or x > 2} in set-builder notation,
or (7, 2) (2, ) in interval notation.
(
5
using set2
x 5 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
x = 5 or
x = 2
(2, )
(x + 7)
5
.
2
builder notation; the solution is 6,

2
using interval notation.
]
4
The graph is 0 or greater for 6 x
13.
4 5 6
( x + 3)( x + 7 ) < 0
Solve: ( x + 3)( x + 7 ) = 0
x + 3 = 0 or x + 7 = 0
x = 3 or
x = 7

Interval
(, 7)
x+7
x+3
(x + 7)(x + 3)
++++
(7, 3) 3
n = 3 17 or n = 3 + 17
1.12 or 7.12
(3, )
++++
++++
++++
++++


of the solution. Now, ( x + 3)( x + 7 ) is less than
Interval

is { x | 7 < x < 3} in set-builder notation; the
solution is ( 7, 3) in interval notation.
13 11
n 3
(, 5)
( 7, )
++++
7
+
++++
++++
++++
++++
x7
(x + 5)(x 7)
(5, 7)

of the solution. Now, ( x + 5)( x 7 ) is greater
solution is { x | x < 5 or x > 7} in set-builder
notation; the solution is ( , 5 ) ( 7, ) in

interval notation.
7
++++
++++
++++
++++
++++
3 + 17 are part of the solution. Now,

n 3 17 n 3 + 17 is less than zero
where the product is negative. The solution is
{n | 3
17. n 6n 8 0
Solve: n 2 6n 8 = 0
( 6 )
6 68
=
2
6 2 17
=
2
= 3 17
( 6 ) 4 (1)( 8 )
2 (1)
17 n 3 + 17 in set-builder
notation; the solution is 3 17, 3 + 17 in

interval notation.
4
3 17
1.12
10
3 + 17
7.12
19. m 2 + 5m 14
m 2 + 5m 14 0
Solve:
m 2 + 5m 14 = 0
( m + 7 )( m 2 ) = 0
m + 7 = 0 or m 2 = 0
m = 7 or
m=2
Interval
n=
n 3 17
n 3 + 17
x + 5 = 0 or x 7 = 0
x = 5 or
x=7
x+5
3 + 17
7.12
The inequality is non-strict, so 3 17 and
x 2 2 x 35 = 0
( x + 5)( x 7 ) = 0
Interval
)
)
17 )
( 7.12, )
(1.12, 7.12)
3 17
1.12
15. x 2 2 x 35 > 0
Solve:
(
(
17 ) n (3 +
(, 1.12)
2
+
++++
++++
++++
++++
m2
(m + 7)(m 2)
(2, )
++++
(7, 2)
(, 7)
m+7

of the solution. Now, ( m + 7 )( m 2 ) is greater
solution is {m | m 7 or m 2} in set-builder
631

Interval
interval notation.
10
8 6
7
(, 1)
(4, )
x+1
++++
++++
x4
(x + 1)(x 4)
++++
++++
++++
21. 2q q + 15

of the solution. Now, ( x + 1)( x 4 ) is less than
2q 2 q 15 0
Solve:
2q 2 q 15 = 0
( 2q + 5)( q 3) = 0
2q + 5 = 0
or q 3 = 0
5
q=
or
q=3
2
Interval
solution is [ 1, 4] in interval notation.

8
,
2
5
, 3
2
(3, )
0 < x 2 3 x 10
2q + 5
++++
++++
x 2 3x 10 > 0
q3
++++
Solve:
(2q + 5)( q 3)
++++
++++
5
and 3 are
2
part of the solution. Now, ( 2q + 5 )( q 3) is
greater than zero where the product is positive.
5
The solution is q | q or q 3 in set2

5
, [3, ) in interval notation.

2
x 2 3x 10 = 0
( x + 2 )( x 5 ) = 0
x + 2 = 0 or x 5 = 0
x = 2 or
x=5
Interval
(, 2)
(2, 5)
++++
5
+
++++
++++
++++
++++
x5
(x + 2)(x 5)
( 5, )
x+2

of the solution. Now, ( x + 2 )( x 5 ) is greater
solution is { x | x < 2 or x > 5} in set-builder
23. 3x + 4 x 2
notation; the solution is ( , 2 ) ( 5, ) in
0 x2 3x 4
interval notation.
x 2 3x 4 0
Solve:
2
0
1
25. x 2 + 3 x < 10
The inequality is non-strict, so
x 2 3x 4 = 0
( x + 1)( x 4 ) = 0
x + 1 = 0 or x 4 = 0
x = 1 or
x=4
632

is { x | 1 x 4} in set-builder notation; the
27. 3x 2 10 x 8
0 3x 2 10 x 8
3x 2 10 x 8 0
Solve:
3x 2 10 x 8 = 0
( 3x + 2 )( x 4 ) = 0
4 5 6

3x + 2 = 0
x4=0
or
2
x=
or
x=4
3
Interval
,
3
2
, 4
3
(4, )
3x + 2
++++
++++
x4
++++
(3x + 2)(x 4)
++++
++++
2
and 4 are
3
part of the solution. Now, ( 3x + 2 )( x 4 ) is
2
The solution is x | x or x 4 in set3

2
, [ 4, ) in interval notation.
3
The inequality is strict, so 2 3 and 2 + 3

x 2 3 x 2 + 3 is less than zero
{ x | 2
2
0
3
29. x 2 + 4 x + 1 < 0
interval notation.
10
Solve:
2a 2 7 a 4 = 0
( 2a + 1)( a 4 ) = 0
2a + 1 = 0
or
a4 = 0
1
a=
or
a=4
2
(
)
x (2 + 3 )
3 ) x (2 + 3 )
x 2 3
x 2
,
2
1 1
, 4
2 2
(4, )
2a + 1
++++
++++
a4
++++
++++
++++
1
and 4 are
2
part of the solution. Now, ( 2a + 1)( a 4 ) is less
x = 2 3 or x = 2 + 3
3.73 or 0.27
Interval
2a 2 7 a 4 0
(2a + 1)(a 4)
4 12
=
2
4 2 3
=
2
= 2 3
0 2a 2 7 a 4
Interval
2 (1)
2 + 3
0.27
31. 2a 2 + 7a 4
Solve: x + 4 x + 1 = 0
x=
2 3
3.73
4 42 4 (1)(1)
notation; the solution is 2 3, 2 + 3 in
3 < x < 2 + 3 in set-builder
(, 3.73)
( 0.27, )
(3.73, 0.27)
2 3
3.73
++++
++++
than zero where the product is negative. The

1
solution is a | a 4 in set-builder
2
1
notation; the solution is , 4 in interval
2
notation.
2 + 3
0.27
++++
++++
++++
633

the entire number line or be negative on the
entire number line. The graph below shows that
33. z 2 + 2 z + 3 > 0
Solve: z 2 + 2 z + 3 = 0
f ( b ) = 2b 2 + 5b + 6 is always positive.
2 2 4 (1)( 3)
2
z=
2 (1)
2 8
2
2 2 2 i
=
= 1 2 i
2
The solutions to the equation are non-real. This
=
This means that 2b2 + 5b + 6 is never less than

or equal to zero. The quadratic inequality has no
solution: { } or .
means that z + 2 z + 3 will not divide the

number line into positive and negative intervals.
Instead, z 2 + 2 z + 3 will either be positive on the
entire number line or be negative on the entire
number line. The graph below shows that
f ( z ) = z 2 + 2 z + 3 is always positive.
35. 2b2 + 5b 6
(3 , )
++++
x 3
++++
( x 3) ( x 3)
++++
++++
The inequality is strict, so 3 is not part of the

solution. Now, (x 3)(x 3) is greater than zero
2b + 5b + 6 0
where the product is positive. Thus, x 2 6 x + 9

is always greater than zero when x is not equal to
3. The solution is {x|x 3} in set-builder
notation; the solution is (, 3) (3, ) in
interval notation.
Solve: 2b2 + 5b + 6 = 0
b=
(, 3 )
x 3
x2 6 x + 9 = 0
( x 3)( x 3) = 0
Interval
notation.
4
x 3 = 0 or x 3 = 0
x = 3 or
x=3
This means that z 2 + 2 z + 3 is always greater

than zero. The solution is {z | z is any real
number}; the solution is ( , ) in interval
37. x 2 6 x + 9 > 0
Solve:
5 52 4 ( 2 )( 6 )
2 (1)
5 23
2
5 23 i
=
2
5
23
=
i
2
2
=
39.
The solutions to the equation are non-real. This

means that 2b2 + 5b + 6 will not divide the
number line into positive and negative intervals.
Instead, 2b2 + 5b + 6 will either be positive on
634
( x + 1)( x 2 )( x 5 ) > 0
Solve: ( x + 1)( x 2 )( x 5 ) = 0
x + 1 = 0 or x 2 = 0 or x 5 = 0
x = 1 or
x = 2 or
x=5

Interval
(, 1) 1 (1, 2) 2
(2, 5)
(5, )
+++ + +++ + +++
x+ 1
x2
0 +++ + +++
0 +++
x5
(x + 1)(x 2)(x 5)
+++
+++
The inequality is strict, so 1 , 2, and 5 are not

part of the solution. Now, ( x + 1)( x 2 )( x 5 )
is greater than zero where the product is positive.
The solution is { x | 1 < x < 2 or x > 5} in setbuilder notation; the solution is ( 1, 2 ) ( 5, )
in interval notation.
7
41.
1 2 3
( 2 x + 1)( x 4 )( x 9 ) 0
Solve: ( 2 x + 1)( x 4 )( x 9 ) = 0
2x +1 = 0
or
1
x=
or
2
x4 = 0
or
x 9 = 0
x=4
or
x=9

Interval
_1 _1 _1 , 4
,
2 2 2
(4, 9) 9
(9, )
+++ + +++ + +++

0 +++ + +++
2x + 1
x4
x9
(2 x + 1)( x 4)(x 9)
+++
+++
+++
1
The inequality is non-strict, so , 4, and 9 are
2
part of the solution. Now, ( 2 x + 1)( x 4 )( x 9 )
is less than zero where the product is negative.
The solution is x x or 4 x 9 in set2

1
, [ 4, 9] in interval notation.
2
2 _1 0
2
8 9 10
43. ( x + 3)(2 x 2 x 1) 0
Solve (x + 3)(2x + 1)(x 1) = 0.
x + 3 = 0 or 2 x + 1 = 0
or x 1 = 0
1
x = 3 or
x=
or
x =1
2
Interval
(, 3)
3 ,
1
2
1
2
,1
1
2
(1, )
(x + 3)
+++
+++
+ +++
(2x + 1)
+++
+ +++
(x 1)
+++
(x + 3)(2x + 1)(x 1)
+++
+++
1
The inequality is non-strict, so 3, , and 1
2
are part of the solution. Now,
(x + 3)(2x + 1)(x 1) is greater than zero where
the product is positive. The solution is
1
x 3 x or x 1 in set-builder
2
3 1
notation; the solution is , [1, ) i
2
2
interval notation.
4
[
]
3 2 1
3
1

2
[
1
45. x3 + 3x 2 4 x 12 0
Solve x 2 ( x + 3) 4( x + 3) = 0
( x + 3)( x 2 4) = 0
( x + 3)( x + 2)( x 2) = 0
x + 3 = 0 or x + 2 = 0 or x 2 = 0
x = 3 or
x = 2 or
x=2
Interval
(, 3)
(3, 2)
(2, 2)
(2, )
+++
+ +++
+++
+ +++
+++
+++
+++
(x + 2)
(x 2)
(x + 3)(x + 2)(x 2)
+++
(x + 3)
The inequality is non-strict, so 3, 2, and 2 are

part of the solution. Now, (x + 3)(x + 2)(x 2) is
less than zero where the product is negative. The
solution is {x|x 3 or 2 x 2} in set-builder
635

the solution. Now, x ( x 5 ) is less than zero
notation; the solution is (, 3] [2, 2] in

interval notation.
8
] [
2
]
2

{ x | 0 < x < 5} in set-builder notation; the
solution is ( 0, 5) in interval notation.
47. 4 x3 + 16 x 2 9 x 36 > 0
Solve 4 x 2 ( x + 4) 9( x + 4) = 0
( x + 4)(4 x 9) = 0
( x + 4)(2 x + 3)(2 x 3) = 0
x + 4 = 0 or 2 x + 3 = 0
or 2 x 3 = 0
3
3
x = 4 or
x=
or
x=
2
2
Interval
(, 4)
4 ,
3
2
3
2
3 3
, 2 2
2
+++
+++
+ +++
(2x + 3)
+++
+ +++
(2x 3)
+++
(x + 4)(2x + 3)(2x 3)
+++
+++
3
3
The inequality is strict, so 4, , and
are
2
2
not part of the solution. Now,
(x + 4)(2x + 3)(2x 3) is greater than zero when
the product is positive. The solution is
3
3
x 4 < x < or x > in set-builder

2
2
3 3
notation; the solution is 4, , in

2 2
interval notation.
3
2 3 1
1 3 2
2
x 5x < 0
Solve: x 2 5 x = 0
x ( x 5) = 0
x = 0 or x 5 = 0
or
x=5
Interval
(, 0)
++++
(0, 5)
5
+
++++
( 5, )
x5
++++
x(x 5)
++++
++++
x 2 3 x 28 = 0
( x + 4 )( x 7 ) = 0
x + 4 = 0 or x 7 = 0
x = 4 or
x=7
Interval
( 7, )
++++
7
+
++++
x7
++++
++++
++++
(x + 4)(x 7)
(4, 7)

of the solution. Now, ( x + 4 )( x 7 ) is greater

interval notation.
g ( x) > 0
53.
2
2 x + x 10 > 0
2 x 2 + x 10 = 0
( 2 x + 5)( x 2 ) = 0
2x + 5 = 0
or x 2 = 0
x=2
2 x = 5 or
5
x=
2
Interval
5
,
2
5
, 23
2
(2, )
2x + 5
++++
++++
x2
++++
(2 x + 5)( x 2)
++++
++++
The inequality is strict, so 0 and 5 are not part of

636
(, 4)
x+4
Solve:
f ( x) < 0
49.
Solve:
x 3x 28 0
3
,
(x + 4)
(
4
f ( x) 0
51.
5
and 2 are not part
2
of the solution. Now, ( 2 x + 5 )( x 2 ) is greater
solution is x x < or x > 2 in set-builder

2
notation; the solution is , ( 2, ) in

2
interval notation.
f ( x) < 0
55.
Solve: 4 x3 x 2 14 x = 0
x(4 x 2 x 14) = 0
x(4 x + 7)( x 2) = 0
x = 0 or 4 x + 7 = 0
or x 2 = 0
7
x=
or
x=2
4
7
,
4
7
4
, 0
7
4
(0, 2)
(2, )
+++
+ +++
(4x + 7)
+++
+++
+ +++
(x 2)
+++
x(4x + 7)(x 2)
+++
+++
7
The inequality is strict, so , 0, and 2 are not
4
part of the solution. Now, x(4x + 7)(x 2) is less
than zero where the product is negative. The
7
solution is x x < or 0 < x < 2 in set4

7
, (0, 2) in interval notation.

4
Solve: x 2 + 8 x = 0
x ( x + 8) = 0
x = 0 or x + 8 = 0
or
x = 8
0
(0, )
(8, 0)
(, 8)
++++
x+8
++++
++++
x(x + 8)
++++
++++

of the solution. Now, x ( x + 8 ) is greater than
zero where the product is positive. Thus, the
domain of f is { x x 8 or x 0} in set-builder
notation; the domain is ( , 8] [ 0, ) in
interval notation.
Interval
solution set of x 2 + 8 x 0 .
Interval
4 x3 x 2 14 x < 0
)
4 3
7
57. The domain of f ( x ) = x 2 + 8 x will be the
(
0
)
2
59. The domain of g ( x ) = x 2 x 30 will be the

solution set of x 2 x 30 0 .
Solve:
x 2 x 30 = 0
( x 6 )( x + 5) = 0
x 6 = 0 or x + 5 = 0
x = 6 or
x = 5
Interval
(6, )
(5, 6)
x6
(, 5)
++++
x+5
++++
++++
(x 6)(x + 5)
++++
++++

than zero where the product is positive. Thus,
the domain of g is { x x 5 or x 6} in setbuilder notation; the domain is
( , 5] [6, ) in interval notation.
637

61. The ball will be more than 596 feet above sea
level when s ( t ) > 596 .
16t 2 + 80t + 500 > 596

0 > 16t 80t + 96
16t 2 80t + 96 < 0
2
16t 80t + 96 0
<
16
16
t 2 5t + 6 < 0
t 2 = 0 or t 3 = 0
t = 2 or
t =3
(, 2)
(2, 3)
(3, )
t2
++++
3
+
t3
++++
++++
++++
(t 2)(t 3)
++++
The inequality is strict, so 2 and 3 are not part of

the solution. Now, ( t 2 )( t 3) is less than
is {t | 2 < t < 3} in set-builder notation; the
solution is ( 2, 3) in interval notation. Thus, the
ball will be more than 596 feet above sea level

when the time is between 2 and 3 seconds after
the ball is thrown.
63. The revenue will exceed $35,750 when
R ( p ) > 35, 750 .
2.5 p 2 + 600 p > 35, 750
++++
p 130
( p 110)( p 130) + + + +
( 130, )
less than zero where the product is negative.

The solution is { p |110 < p < 130} in set-builder
notation; the solution is (110, 130 ) in interval
notation. Thus, the revenue will exceed $35,750

when the DVD is sold for a price between $110
and $130.
65. By inspection, the only solution is x = 3 . That
is, the solution set is {3}.
Explanation: The expression on the left side of
the inequality is a perfect square. A perfect
square cannot be negative (less than zero).
Therefore, the only solution will be where the
perfect square expression equals zero, which is
3 .
67. By inspection, the solution set is the set of all
real numbers.
Explanation: The expression on the left side of
the inequality is a perfect square. A perfect
square must always be zero or greater.
Therefore, it must always be larger than 2.
Thus, all values of x will make the inequality
true. The solution is the set of all real numbers.
We want x 3 and x 2 . Now, x 3
means x + 3 0 (positive), and x 2 means
x 2 0 (negative). If we multiply a positive
by a negative, we get a negative result. Thus,
( x + 3)( x 2 ) 0 . Multiplying out the
0 > 2.5 p 600 p + 35, 750

2.5 p 2 600 p + 35, 750 < 0
2.5 p 2 600 p + 35, 750
0
<
2.5
2.5
p 2 240t + 14,300 < 0
expression on the left, we get x 2 + x 6 0 .

The solution set of x 2 + x 6 0 is [ 3, 2] .
Solve: p 2 240t + 14,300 = 0

( p 110 )( p 130 ) = 0
p 110 = 0
or p 130 = 0
p = 110 or
p = 130
638
(, 110) 110 (110, 130) 130
p 110
The inequality is strict, so 110 and 130 are not

part of the solution. Now, ( p 110 )( p 130 ) is
t 2 5t + 6 = 0
( t 2 )( t 3) = 0
Interval

Interval
Solve:
NOTE: Because the solution contains the

endpoints 3 and 2, the inequality must be nonstrict.
71. (x + 1)(x 2)(x + 3)(x 4) > 0

Solve: (x + 1)(x 2)(x + 3)(x 4) > 0
x + 1 = 0 or x 2 = 0 or x + 3 = 0 or x 4 = 0
x = 1
x=2
x = 3
x=4
Determine where each factor is positive and negative and where the product is positive and negative.
Interval
(, 3)
(x + 3)
(3, 1)
(1, 2)
(2, 4)
(4, )
+++
+++
+++ + +++
(x + 1)
+++
+++ + +++
(x 2)
+++ + +++
(x 4)
+++
product
+++
+++
+++
The inequality is strict, so 3, 1, 2, and 4 are not part of the solution. The solution set is
{x|x < 3 or 1 < x < 2 or x > 4} in set-builder notation or (, 3) (1, 2) (4, ) in interval notation.
x 4 29 x 2 + 100 0
73.
( x 2 25)( x 2 4) 0
( x 5)( x + 5)( x 2)( x + 2) 0
Solve: (x 5)(x + 5)(x 2)(x + 2) 0
x 5 = 0 or x + 5 = 0 or x 2 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
x=5
x = 5
x=2
x = 2
Determine where each factor is positive and negative and where the product is positive and negative.
Interval
(, 5)
(5, 2)
(2, 2)
(2, 5)
(5, )
(x + 5)
+++
+++
+++ + +++
(x + 2)
+++
+++ + +++
(x 2)
+++ + +++
(x 5)
+++
product
+++
+++
+++
The inequality is non-strict, so 5, 2, 2, and 5 are included in the solution. The solution set is
{x|5 x 2 or 2 x 5} in set-builder notation or [5, 2] [2, 5] in interval notation.
75.
x2 + 5x + 6
>0
x2
( x + 3)( x + 2 )
>0
x2
The rational expression will equal 0 when x = 3 and when x = 2 . It is undefined when x = 2 .
Determine where the factors of the numerator and the denominator are positive and negative and where the
quotient is positive and negative.
639

Interval
x+2
x2
( x + 3 )(x + 2 )
_________
x2
+++
+++
+ +++
+++
+++
+++
+ +++
+++
The inequality is strict, so 3 , 2 , and 2 are not

( x + 3)( x + 2 )
part of the solution. Now,
is
x2
greater than zero where the quotient is positive.
The solution is { x | 3 < x < 2 or x > 2} in setbuilder notation; the solution is
( 3, 2 ) ( 2, ) in interval notation.
8
( 3x + 2 )
> 2 (3x + 2 )
2 > ( 3x + 2 )
(, 0) (0, ) .
83. To solve the quadratic inequality f(x) > 0 from
the graph of y = f(x), where f is a quadratic
function, determine where the graph lies above
the x-axis. This information will give you the
solution set.
85.
( 4mn3 )( 2m4 n ) = 8m4+1n3+1

= 8m5 n2 =
23 12
9a b
87. 1 3
9 4
a b
77. Answer will vary. One possibility follows:

The inequalities have the same solution set
because they are equivalent:
1
( 3x + 2 )2 >
2
1
1
>
( 3 x + 2 )2 2
2 ( 3x + 2 )
set is {x | x 0} or, using interval notation,
2 (2, )
(, 3) 3 (3, 2) 2 (2, 2)
x+3
19 34
a b
= 2 1
3 2
9a b
31
2
b4
2+1
9
9a 3
8m5
n2
19 34
=a b
2 1
9a 3 b 2
32
4
b4
9a 9
+ 19
b4
9a 9
89. 2 x 2 + 7 x 49 > 0
Let Y1 = 2 x 2 + 7 x 49 . Graph the quadratic
function. Use the ZERO feature to find the
x-intercepts.
1
2
( 3 x + 2 )2 < 2
Note: In the third step, we multiplied both sides
2
by 2 ( 3x + 2 ) which must be positive, leaving

the direction of the inequality symbol
unchanged.
2
The inequality is strict, so 7 and 3.5 are not part

of the solution. From the graph, we can see that
x 0 for all real values of x, so x 1 1 for
2 x 2 + 7 x 49 > 0 for x < 7 or x > 3.5 . Thus,

the solution set is { x x < 7 or x > 3.5} in set-
all real values of x. That is, x 2 1 is always 1

or larger.

( , 7 ) ( 3.5, ) in interval notation.
81. No. If x = 0 , we obtain the following:
x2 + 1 > 1
02 + 1 > 1
1 > 1 False
Thus, 0 is not a solution to the inequality. The
inequality is true for all other real numbers.
Thus, the solution set to the inequality x 2 + 1 > 1
is all real numbers except 0. That is, the solution
640
91.
6 x 2 + x 40
6 x 2 + x 40 0
Let Y1 = 6 x 2 + x 40 . Graph the quadratic
function. Use the ZERO feature to find the
x-intercepts.
4. b2 =
8
9
b=
b=
8
9
8
9
2 2
b=
3
The inequality is non-strict, so 2.6 =
8
and
3
5
2.5 = are part of the solution. From the
2
2 2 2 2
,
The solution set is
.
3
3
5.
x 8 = 81
x 8 = 9
x = 89
x = 8 9 or x = 8 + 9
x = 1 or x = 17
graph, we can see that 6 x + x 40 0 for

8
5
x . Thus, the solution set is
3
2
8
5
x x in set-builder notation; the
3
2
8 5
solution is , in interval notation.
3 2
6.
1. m 2 = 169
m = 169
m = 13

7.

3. a 2 = 16
a = 16
a = 4i
( y 2 )2 62 = 88
( y 2 )2 = 150
y 2 = 150
y 2 = 5 6
y = 25 6
Chapter 7 Review
2. n 2 = 75
n = 75
n = 5 3
( x 8 )2 = 81
( 3z + 5 )2 = 100
3 z + 5 = 100
3 z + 5 = 10
3 z = 5 10
3 z = 5 10 or 3 z = 5 + 10
3z = 15
or 3z = 5
5
or z =
z = 5
3
5

3
641
12. Start: b2 14b
8. 7 p 2 = 18
p2 =
18
7
p=
p=
p=
Add: ( 14 ) = 49
2
18
7
18
Result: b2 14b + 49
Factored Form:
7
7
126
13. Start: c 2 11c

2
49
3 14
p=
7
3 14 3 14
The solution set is
,
.
7
7
9. 3q 2 + 251 = 11
121
1
Add: ( 11) =
2
4
121
Result: c 2 11c +
4
11
Factored Form: c
2
q 2 = 80
q = 80
q = 4 5 i
The solution set is 4 5 i, 4 5 i .

2
3
13
10. x + =
4
16
3
13
x+ =
4
16
3
13
x+ =
4
4
3
13
x=
4
4
3
13
3
13
, +
The solution set is
.
4
4
4
4
81
1
Add: 9 =
4
2
81
Result: d 2 + 9d +
4
9
Factored Form: d +
2
1
15. Start: m 2 m
4
2
1 1
1
Add: =
64
2 4
1
1
Result: m 2 m +
4
64
1
Factored Form: m
8
6
16. Start: n 2 + n
7
11. Start: a 2 + 30a

2
Add: 30 = 225
2
Result: a 2 + 30a + 225
( a + 15 )2
9
1 6
Add: =
2
7
49
6
9
Result: n 2 + n +
7
49
3
Factored Form: n +
7
642
14. Start: d 2 + 9d
3q 2 = 240
Factored Form:
( b 7 )2
17.
x 2 10 x + 16 = 0
x 2 10 x
a 2 5a
= 16
2
x 2 10 x + ( 10 ) = 16 + ( 10 )
2
x 2 10 x + 25 = 16 + 25
= 7 + ( 5 )
2
25
=7+
4
53
=
4
53
=
4
53
=
2
5
53
a=
2
2
5
53 5
53
The solution set is
, +
.
2
2
2
2
y 2 3 y 28 = 0
= 28
2
y 2 3 y + ( 3 )
2
9
2
y 3y +
4
2
3
3
y
2
3
y
2
= 28 + ( 3)
2
9
= 28 +
4
121
=
4
121
=
4
11
=
2
3 11
y=
2 2
y = 4 or y = 7

19.
z2 6z 3 = 0
z2 6z
=3
2
z 2 6 z + ( 6 ) = 3 + ( 6 )
2
z2 6z + 9 = 3 + 9
a 2 5 a + ( 5 )
2
25
2
a 5a +
4
2
5
5
a
2
5
a
2
x5 = 9
x 5 = 3
x = 53
x = 2 or x = 8
y2 3y
=7
2
( x 5 )2 = 9
18.
a 2 5a 7 = 0
20.
21.
b2 + b + 7 = 0
b2 + b
= 7
2
1
b 2 + b + 1
2
1
b2 + b +
4
2
1
b
+
1
b+
2
1
b+
2
1
= 7 + 1
2
1
= 7 +
4
27
=
4
27
=
4
3 3
=
i
2
1 3 3
b=
i
2
2
1 3 3
1 3 3
i, +
i .
The solution set is
2
2
2
2
( z 3)2 = 12
z 3 = 12
z 3 = 2 3
z = 3 2 3
643
22.
c 2 6c + 17 = 0
c 2 6c
24.
c 2 6c + ( 6 ) = 17 + ( 6 )
2
c 2 6c + 9 = 17 + 9
( c 3)
2
2
w +w+
w2 + w
= 8
c 3 = 8
c 3 = 2 2 i
c = 3 2 2 i
2d 2 7 d + 3 = 0
2d 2 7 d + 3
2
7
d2 d +
0
2
=0
2
2
3
2 7
d d
=
2
2
2
7
3 1 7
1 7
d 2 d + = +
2
2
2
2
2 2
3
7
49
49
d2 d + = +
2 16
2
16
2
7
25
d =
4
16
d
d
7
4
7
4
d=
d=
1
The solution set is ,
2
644
4
1
=0
=
5
2
5 1
= + 1
2 2
5 1
= +
2 4
9
4
=
3
9
4
= i
2
1 3
w= i
2 2
1 3
1 3
2
2
2 2
16
1
w2 + w + 1
2
1
w2 + w +
4
2
1
w
+
1
w+
2
1
w+
2
25
The solution set is 3 2 2 i, 3 + 2 2 i .

23.
2 w2 + 2 w + 5 = 0
2w2 + 2 w + 5
= 17
5
4
or d = 3
3 .
3x 2 9 x + 8 = 0
25.
3x2 9 x + 8
3
27. c 2 = 92 + 122
= 81 + 144
= 225
c = 225
= 15
0
3
x 3x + = 0
3
x 3x
=
2
x 2 3x + ( 3)
2
9
2
x 3x +
4
2
3
3
x
2
3
x
2
3
x
2
3
x
2
8
3
8 1
= + ( 3)
3 2
8 9
= +
3 4
5
12
5
12
12
15
i
36
15
i
=
6
3
15
x=
i
2
6
3
15 3
15
i, +
i .
The solution set is
2
6
2
6
3x 2 + 4 x 2 = 0
2
4
x2 + x = 0
3
3
2
2 4
x + x
=
3
3
26.
4
1 4
x + x+
3
2 3
4
4
x2 + x +
3
9
2
2
+
x
2
x+
3
2
x+
3
2
1 4
= +
3 2 3
2 4
= +
3 9
30. c 2 = 102 + 242

= 100 + 576
= 676
c = 676
= 26
31. c 2 = 52 +
( 11)
= 25 + 11
= 36
c = 36
=6
( 13 )
= 36 + 13
= 49
c = 49
=7
10
33.
c2 = a 2 + b2
122 = 92 + b2
29. c 2 = 32 + 62
= 9 + 36
= 45
c = 45
=3 5
32. c 2 = 62 +
28. c 2 = 82 + 82
= 64 + 64
= 128
c = 128
=8 2
10
144 = 81 + b 2
10
=
3
2
10
x=
3
3
2
10
2
10
, +
The solution set is
.
3
3
3
3
63 = b 2
b = 63
b=3 7
645
34.
c2 = a 2 + b2
38. 4 y 2 = 8 y + 21
102 = a 2 + 52
4 y 2 8 y 21 = 0
100 = a 2 + 25
75 = a 2
a = 75
a=5 3
35.
y=
8 64 + 336
8
8 400
=
8
8 20
=
8
8 20
8 + 20
y=
or y =
8
8
12
28
=
or =
8
8
3
7
=
=
or
2
2
3 7
2 2
17 2 = a 2 + 62
289 = a 2 + 36
253 = a 2
a = 253
36. For this problem, we are actually looking for the
hypotenuse of a right triangle that has legs
90 feet and 90 feet. We use the Pythagorean
Theorem to find the desired distance:
c 2 = 902 + 902
= 8100 + 8100
= 16, 200
c = 16, 200
= 90 2
127.3
The distance from home plate to 2nd base is
exactly 90 2 feet or approximately 127.3 feet.
37. x 2 x 20 = 0
( 1)
( 1)2 4 (1)( 20 )
2 (1)
1 1 + 80
2
1 81
=
2
1 9
=
2
1 9
1+ 9
x=
or x =
2
2
8
10
=
=
or
2
2
= 4
=5
or
=
646
( 8 )2 4 ( 4 )( 21)
2 ( 4)
c2 = a 2 + b2
x=
( 8 )
39.
3 p 2 + 8 p = 3
2
3p +8p + 3 = 0
p=
8 82 4 ( 3)( 3)
2 ( 3)
8 64 36
6
8 28
=
6
8 2 7
=
6
8 2 7
=
6
6
4
7
=
3 3
=
7
4
7
4
The solution set is
, +
.
3
3
3
3
2q 2 3 = 4q
40.
2
2 q 4q 3 = 0
q=
( 4 )
( 4 ) 4 ( 2 )( 3)
2 ( 2)
4 16 + 24
4
4 40
=
4
4 2 10
=
4
4 2 10
=
4
4
10
= 1
2
=
3w + w = 3
2
3w + w + 3 = 0
1 12 4 ( 3)( 3)
2 ( 3)
1 1 36
6
1 35
=
6
1 35 i
=
6
1
35
=
i
6
6
=
24 576 576
18
24 0
=
18
24
=
18
4
=
3
4
The solution set is . It is a double root.
3
=
m=
( 4 )
( 4 )2 4 (1)( 2 )
2 (1)
4 16 8
2
4 8
=
2
42 2
=
2
4 2 2
=
2
2
= 2 2

44. 5n 2 + 4n + 1 = 0
1
35
1
35
i, +
i .
The solution set is
6
6
6
6
42.
( 24 )2 4 ( 9 )(16 )
2 (9)
w=
( 24 )
43. m 2 4m + 2 = 0
10
10
, 1+
.
2
2
41.
z=
9 z 2 + 16 = 24 z
9 z 2 24 z + 16 = 0
n=
4 42 4 ( 5 )(1)
2 ( 5)
4 16 20
10
4 4
=
10
4 2i
=
10
4 2i
2 1
= = i
10 10
5 5
2 1
2 1
5 5
5 5
=
647
5 x + 13 = x 2
45.
49.
x 2 + 5 x + 13 = 0
x=
3n 2 + n + 4 = 0
b2 4ac = 12 4 ( 3)( 4 ) = 1 48 = 47
5 52 4 (1)(13)
2 (1)
5 25 52
2
5 27
=
2
5 3 3
5 3 3 i
=
=
i
2
2
2
5 3 3
5 3 3
The solution set is
i, +
i .
2
2
2
2

50.
b2 4ac = ( 8 ) 4 ( 7 )( 3) = 64 84 = 20
0 = 2 y2 + 6 y + 7
51.
6 62 4 ( 2 )( 7 )
4 x 2 + 49 = 28 x
4 x 2 28 x + 49 = 0
2 ( 2)
6 36 56
4
6 20
=
4
6 2 5 i
=
4
b2 4ac = ( 28 ) 4 ( 4 )( 49 ) = 784 784 = 0

52. 11z 12 = 2 z 2
6 2 5
3
5
=
i=
i
4
4
2 2
3
5
3
5
The solution set is
i, +
i .
2 2
2 2
47. p 2 5 p 8 = 0
2
b 4ac = ( 5 ) 4 (1)( 8 ) = 25 + 32 = 57
2
7 w2 + 3 = 8 w
7 w2 8 w + 3 = 0
46. 2 y 2 = 6 y + 7
y=
3n2 + n = 4

48. m 2 + 8m + 16 = 0
0 = 2 z 2 11z + 12
2
b2 4ac = ( 11) 4 ( 2 )(12 ) = 121 96 = 25

Because b2 4ac = 25 is positive and a perfect
square, the quadratic equation will have two
rational solutions.
53. x 2 + 8 x 9 = 0
factoring.
( x + 9 )( x 1) = 0
x+9 = 0
or x 1 = 0
x = 9 or
x =1
b2 4ac = 82 4 (1)(16 ) = 64 64 = 0
648

6 p 2 + 13 p = 5
54.
6 p 2 + 13 p 5 = 0
factoring.
( 3 p 1)( 2 p + 5 ) = 0
q=
3 p 1 = 0
3p = 1
1
p=
3
or 2 p + 5 = 0
or
2 p = 5
5
or
p=
2
5 1
2 3
4 16 + 24
4
4 40
=
4
4 2 10
=
4
4 2 10
=
4
4
10
= 1
2
n 2 + 4n + 13 = 0
equation, a = 1, b = 4, and c = 13 .
n=
10
10

, 1+
.
2
2
4 42 4 (1)(13)
2 (1)
4 16 52
2
4 36
=
2
4 6i
=
2
4 6i
=
2 2
= 2 3i
58.
1 2 1
3
q q =0
4
2
8
1
3
1
8 q2 q = 8 ( 0)
2
8
4
2q 2 4q 3 = 0
2 (1)
8 64 80
2
8 16
=
2
8 4i
=
2
8 4i
=
2 2
= 4 2i

57.
8 82 4 (1)( 20 )
5 y 2 = 60
1 2
5
m +m+ =0
8
2
5
1 2
8 m + m + = 8 ( 0)
2
8
2
m + 8m + 20 = 0
equation, a = 1, b = 8, and c = 20 .
m=
56. 5 y 2 60 = 0
y 2 = 12
y = 12
y = 2 3
( 4 )2 4 ( 2 )( 3)
2 ( 2)
n2 + 13 = 4n
55.
( 4 )
59.
( w 8 )( w + 6 ) = 33
w2 2w 48 = 33
w2 2w 15 = 0
factoring.
649
( w 5 )( w + 3) = 0
x=
w 5 = 0 or w + 3 = 0
w = 5 or
w = 3
60.
2 4 16
2
2 12
=
2
2 2 3 i
=
2
= 1 3 i
x 2 2 x 3 = 2
x2 2 x 1 = 0
x=
( 2 )2 4 (1)( 1)
2 (1)
2 4+4
=
2
2 8
=
2
22 2
=
2
2 2 2
=
2
2
= 1 2
( x + 2 )2 + ( x 5 ) 2 = ( x + 3 ) 2
2 x 2 6 x + 29 = x 2 + 6 x + 9
x 2 12 x + 20 = 0
( x 2 )( x 10 ) = 0
1 2x
=1
x2 + 5
1 2x
2
x2 + 5
= x + 5 (1)
x2 + 5
1 2 x = x2 + 5
x 2 = 0 or x 10 = 0
x = 2 or
x = 10
Disregard x = 2 because this value will cause
the length of one of the legs to be negative:
x 5 = 2 5 = 3 . Thus, x = 10 is the only
viable answer. Now, x 5 = 10 5 = 5 ,
x + 2 = 10 + 2 = 12 , and x + 3 = 10 + 3 = 13 . The
three measurements are 5, 12, and 13.
64. Let x represent the length of the rectangle. Then
x 3 will represent the width.
x ( x 3) = 108
x 2 3x = 108
x 2 3x 108 = 0
( x 12 )( x + 9 ) = 0
x 12 = 0
or x + 9 = 0
x = 12 or
x = 9
Disregard x = 9 because x represents the
length of the rectangle, which must be positive.
Thus, x = 12 is the only viable answer. Now,
x 3 = 12 3 = 9 . Thus, the dimensions of the
rectangle are 12 centimeters by 9 centimeters.
0 = x2 + 2 x + 4
650
x 2 + 4 x + 4 + x 2 10 x + 25 = x 2 + 6 x + 9
61. 9 z 2 = 16
16
z2 =
9
16
z=
9
4
z=
3
4 4
3 3
The solution set is 1 3 i, 1 + 3 i .

63.
62.
2 (1)
( x 3)( x + 1) = 2
( 2 )
2 22 4 (1)( 4 )
65. a.
0.2 x 2 + 180 x = 36, 000
t=
0 = 0.2 x 180 x + 36, 000

c = 36, 000 .
x=
( 180 )
50 2500 1280
32
50 1220
=
32
50 2 305
=
32
50 2 305
=
32
32
25
305
=
16
16
( 180 )2 4 ( 0.2 )( 36, 000 )

2 ( 0.2 )
180 32, 400 28,800

0.4
180 3600
=
0.4
180 60
=
0.4
180 60
180 + 60
or x =
x=
0.4
0.4
= 300
or = 600
either 300 or 600 cellular phones are sold
per week.
0.2 x 2 + 180 x = 40,500

0 = 0.2 x 2 180 x + 40,500
c = 40,500 .
x=
( 180 )
( 180 )2 4 ( 0.2 )( 40,500 )

2 ( 0.2 )
180 32, 400 32, 400

0.4
180 0
=
0.4
180
=
0.4
= 450
450 cellular phones are sold per week.
=
66. a.
200 = 16t 2 + 50t + 180

16t 2 50t + 20 = 0
c = 20 .
( 50 )2 4 (16 )( 20 )
2 (16 )
b.
( 50 )
25
305
25
305
or t =
+
16
16
16
16
0.471
or 2.654
0.5 seconds and after approximately
2.7 seconds.
t=
100 = 16t 2 + 50t + 180
b.
16t 2 50t 80 = 0
c = 80 .
t=
( 50 )
( 50 )2 4 (16 )( 80 )
2 (16 )
50 2500 + 5120
32
50 7620
=
32
50 2 1905
=
32
50 2 1905
=
32
32
25
1905
=
16
16
25
1905
25
1905
t=
or t =
+
16
16
16
16
1.165
or 4.290
Because time cannot be negative, we
disregard 1.165. Thus, t 4.290 is the
only viable answer. Rounding to the nearest
tenth, the height of the ball will be 100 feet
after approximately 4.3 seconds.
=
651
300 = 16t 2 + 50t + 180
c.
2
16t 50t + 120 = 0

c = 120 .
t=
( 50 )
( 50 )2 4 (16 )(120 )
2 (16 )
50 2500 7680
32
50 5180
=
32
50 2 1295 i
=
32
50 2 1295
=
i
32
32
25
1295
=
i
16
16
25
1295
25
1295
t=
i or t =
+
i
16
16
16
16
The ball will never reach a height of 300
feet. This is clear because the solutions to
the equation above are complex solutions
that are not real.
=
67. Let x represent the speed the boat would travel in

still water.
Up
Stream
Down
Stream
Distance
Rate
Time
10
x 3
10
x3
x+3
10
x+3
10
10
10
+
=2
x3 x +3
10
10
+
( x 3)( x + 3)
= ( x 3)( x + 3)( 2 )
x3 x +3
10 ( x + 3) + 10 ( x 3) = x 2 9 ( 2 )
10 x + 30 + 10 x 30 = 2 x 2 18
20 x = 2 x 2 18
0 = 2 x 2 20 x 18
x=
( 20 )
( 20 )2 4 ( 2 )( 18)
2 ( 2)
20 400 + 144
4
20 544
=
4
20 4 34
=
4
= 5 34
=
x = 5 34 or x = 5 + 34
0.831 or 10.831
Because the speed should be positive, we
disregard x 0.831 . Thus, the only viable
answer is x 10.831 . Rounding to the nearest
tenth, the boat would travel approximately
10.8 miles per hour in still water.
68. Let t represent the time required for Beth to wash
the car alone. Then t 14 will represent the
time required for Tom to wash the car alone.
by Beth in + by Tom in = together in
1 minute 1 minute 1 minute

1
1
1
+
=
t
t 14
30
1
1
1
30t ( t 14 ) +
= 30t ( t 14 )
t
t
14
30
30 ( t 14 ) + 30t = t ( t 14 )
30t 420 + 30t = t 2 14t

60t 420 = t 2 14t
0 = t 2 74t + 420
t=
( 74 )
( 74 )2 4 (1)( 420 )
2 (1)
74 5476 1680
2
74 3796
=
2
74 2 949
=
2
= 37 949
t = 37 949 or t = 37 + 949
6.194
or 67.806
=

Toms time negative:
652

t 14 = 6.194 14 = 7.806 . The only viable
answer is t 67.806 minutes. Working alone, it
will take Beth approximately 67.8 minutes to
wash the car.
69.
( x2 )
x 4 + 7 x 2 144 = 0
2
( )
+ 7 x 2 144 = 0
Let u = x .
u 2 + 7u 144 = 0
( u 9 )( u + 16 ) = 0
u 9 = 0
or u + 16 = 0
u=9
or
u = 16
( 3)4 + 7 ( 3)2 144 ! 0
81 + 7 9 144 ! 0
81 + 63 144 ! 0
144 = 144
( 4i )4 + 7 ( 4i )2 144 ! 0
256i 4 + 7 16i 2 144 ! 0
256 (1) + 7 16 ( 1) 144 ! 0
256 112 144 ! 0
0=0
256i 4 + 7 16i 2 144 ! 0

256 (1) + 7 16 ( 1) 144 ! 0
256 112 144 ! 0
0=0
4 w4 + 5 w 2 6 = 0
( )
4 w2
4
3
2
w 2 = 2
or
w = 2
or
w= 2 i
Check:
4
w=
( )
+ 5 w2 6 = 0
Let u = w2 .
3
3
3
: 4
+ 5
6 ! 0
2
2
2
9 3
4 + 5 6 ! 0
16 4
9 15
+ 6 ! 0
4 4
0=0
2
3
3
3
w=
: 4
+ 5
6 ! 0
2
2
2
9 3
4 + 5 6 ! 0
16 4
9 15
+ 6 ! 0
4 4
0=0
w= 2 i: 4 2 i
+5 2 i
6 ! 0
4 4i 4 + 5 2i 2 6 ! 0
4 4 (1) + 5 2 ( 1) 6 ! 0
16 10 6 ! 0
0=0
( 4i )4 + 7 ( 4i )2 144 ! 0
x = 4i :
70.
or
x = 3 : 34 + 7 ( 3) 144 ! 0
81 + 7 9 144 ! 0
81 + 63 144 ! 0
0=0
x = 4i :
w=
x 2 = 16
x = 16
x = 4i
or u + 2 = 0
or
u = 2
w=
Check:
x = 3 :
4u 3 = 0
4u = 3
3
u=
4
w2 =
x2 = 9
or
x = 9 or
x = 3
or
4u 2 + 5u 6 = 0
( 4u 3)( u + 2 ) = 0
w= 2 i: 4
2i
+5
4
2i
6 ! 0
4 4i + 5 2i 6 ! 0
4 4 (1) + 5 2 ( 1) 6 ! 0
16 10 6 ! 0
0=0
3
3
,
, 2 i, 2 i .
2
2
653

u +3 = 0
u = 3
71. 3 ( a + 4 ) 11( a + 4 ) + 6 = 0
Let u = a + 4 .
q 2 11 = 3
3u 2 11u + 6 = 0
( 3u 2 )( u 3) = 0
3u 2 = 0
3u = 2
2
u=
3
2
a+4=
3
a=
or q 2 11 = 5
q2 = 8
or
q = 8 or
q = 2 2 or
or u 3 = 0
or
u=3
q 2 = 16
q = 16
q = 4
Check:
q = 2 2 :
or a + 4 = 3
10
or
3
u 5 = 0
u=5
or
or
2
2
2
2
2
11
2 2 2 11 15 ! 0
(8 11)2 2 (8 11) 15 ! 0
a = 1
Check:
10
a= :
3
( 3)2 2 ( 3) 15 ! 0
9 + 6 15 ! 0
0=0
10
10
3 + 4 11 + 4 + 6 ! 0
3
2
2
2
3 11 + 6 ! 0
3

3
4 22
3 + 6 ! 0
9 3
4 22
+6!0
3 3
0=0
2
a = 1 : 3 ( 1 + 4 ) 11( 1 + 4 ) + 6 ! 0
2
3 ( 3) 11( 3) + 6 ! 0
3 ( 9 ) 33 + 6 ! 0
27 33 + 6 ! 0
0=0
q=2 2:
2
2
2
2 2 11 2 2 2 11 15 ! 0
8
11
2
8
11
(
)
(
) 15 ! 0
( 3)2 2 ( 3) 15 ! 0
9 + 6 15 ! 0
0=0
q = 4 :
( ( 4 )
) (
2
72.
q 11
2 q 11 15 = 0
11 2 ( 4 ) 11 15 ! 0
(16 11)
2 (16 11) 15 ! 0
( 5)2 2 ( 5) 15 ! 0
25 10 15 ! 0
0=0
10

3
q=4:
( 42 11)
2 42 11 15 ! 0
2 (16 11) 15 ! 0
(16 11)
Let u = q 2 11 .
( 5)2 2 ( 5 ) 15 ! 0
u 2 2u 15 = 0
( u + 3)( u 5) = 0
25 10 15 ! 0
0=0
{4,
654
2 2, 2 2, 4 .
Check:
y 13 y + 36 = 0
73.
( y)
13
Let u =
( y ) + 36 = 0
z=
9
25
: 5
9
25
+2
9
y.
u 2 13u + 36 = 0
( u 4 )( u 9 ) = 0
u4 = 0
u=4
or
y = 42 or
y = 16 or
9
5
y = 92
y = 81
( z)
5z + 2 z 3 = 0
+2
( z)3 = 0
Let u = z .
5u 2 + 2u 3 = 0
( 5u 3)( u + 1) = 0
5u 3 = 0
5u = 3
u=
75.
z=
3
z=
5
z=
9
25
( p 1 )
( )
Let u = p
u 2 4u 21 = 0
( u + 3)( u 7 ) = 0
u +3= 0
or u 7 = 0
u = 3 or
u=7
p 1 = 3 or
1
= 3 or
p
1
or
p=
3
p 1 = 7
1
=7
p
1
p=
7
Check:
1 1
p = :
3 3
or u + 1 = 0
or
u = 1
or
z = 1
or
z = ( 1)
or
z =1
0=0
4 p 1 21 = 0
p 2 4 p 1 21 = 0
+ 3! 0
9
z = 1 does not check; the solution set is .
25
Both check, the solution set is {16, 81} .
5
6
40
y = 16 : 81 13 81 + 36 ! 0
81 13 9 + 36 ! 0
81 117 + 36 ! 0
0=0
3! 0
z = 1 : 5 1 + 2 1 3 ! 0
5 + 2 1 3 ! 0
5+23! 0
y =9
Check:
y = 16 : 16 13 16 + 36 ! 0
16 13 4 + 36 ! 0
16 52 + 36 ! 0
0=0
74.
25
3
+ 2 3 ! 0
or u 9 = 0
or
u=9
y =4
p=
1 1
:
7 7
1
4 21 ! 0
3
2
( 3) 4 ( 3) 21 ! 0
9 + 12 21 ! 0
0=0
1
1
4 21 ! 0
7
2
( 7 ) 4 ( 7 ) 21 ! 0
49 28 21 ! 0
0=0
1 1
3 7
655
76.
2b
+ 13b
7 = 0
m 2 + 2m 4 8 = 0
77.
1
1
2 b 3 + 13 b 3 7 = 0
14
14
m + 2 m 8 = 0
Let u = b 3 .
Let u = m 4 .
2u 2 + 13u 7 = 0
( 2u 1)( u + 7 ) = 0
u 2 + 2u 8 = 0
( u 2 )( u + 4 ) = 0
u2=0
or
u=2
or
2u 1 = 0
2u = 1
1
u=
2
1
1
3
b =
2
3
3
1
3
1
b
=
1
b=
8
u+7 = 0
u = 7
or
or
b 3 = 7
or
1
3
or b 3 = ( 7 )
=2
or
4
=2
m = 16
= 4
4
4
or m 4 = ( 4 )
m = 256
or
1
16 + 2 4 16 8 ! 0
4 + 22 8 ! 0
4 + 4 8 ! 0
0=0
3
1
+ 13
8
7 ! 0
m = 256 :
( 256 )
8 ! 0
+ 24
256 8 ! 0
16 + 2 4 8 ! 0
16 + 8 8 ! 0
m = 256 does not check; the solution set is

{16} .
2
78.
2
2 3 343 + 13 3 343 7 ! 0
2
+ 2 ( 256 )
16 0
256
b = 343 : 2 ( 343) 3 + 13 ( 343) 3 7 ! 0
2 ( 7 ) + 13 ( 7 ) 7 ! 0
2 ( 49 ) 91 7 ! 0
98 91 7 ! 0
0=0
3
1
= 28
+
x+5
x+5
2
1
1
+ 3
28 = 0
x+5
x+5
Let u =
1
.
x+5
u 2 + 3u 28 = 0
( u 4 )( u + 7 ) = 0
Both check; the solution set is 343, .

8
656
m = 16 : (16 ) 2 + 2 (16 ) 4 8 ! 0
1
1
2 3 + 13 3 7 ! 0
8
8
2
1
1
2 + 13 7 ! 0
2
2
1
1
2 + 13 7 ! 0
4
2
1 13
+ 7 ! 0
2 2
0=0
Check:
1
b= :
8
1
2
8
Check:
b = 343
or
u+4=0
u = 4
u4= 0
u=4
1
=4
x+5
1
x+5 =
4
x=
or
or
or
or
19
or
4
u+7 = 0
u = 7
1
= 7
x+5
1
x+5 =
7
36
x=
7
3
or
2
2
3
x = or
2
9
x=
or
4
19 1
3
+
! 28
x= :
19
19
4 +5
4 +5
4
1
3
+ ! 28
1
1
4
4
2
( 4 ) + 12 ! 28
16 + 12 ! 28
28 = 28
49
49
49
f = 4 20
+ 21
4
4
4

49
7
= 4 20 + 21
4
2
= 49 70 + 21
=0
36 1
3
+
x=
:
! 28
36
36 + 5
7
+
5
7
7
9 49
Both check; the zeros of f are ,
.
4 4
19
36
4
7
79.
( x)
80.
( x2 )
20
or 2u 7 = 0
or
2u = 7
7
or
u=
2
( )
17 x 2 + 60 = 0
x 2 = 12
x = 12
x = 2 3
Let u = x .
2u 3 = 0
2u = 3
3
u=
2
u 2 17u + 60 = 0
( u 12 )( u 5 ) = 0
u 12 = 0
or
u = 12
or
( x ) + 21 = 0
4u 2 20u + 21 = 0
( 2u 3)( 2u 7 ) = 0
x 4 17 x 2 + 60 = 0
Let u = x 2 .
4 x 20 x + 21 = 0
2
x=
Check:
9
9
9
f = 4 20
+ 21
4
4
4
9
3
= 4 20 + 21
4
2
= 9 30 + 21
=0
Check:
1
3
+
! 28
1

17
7
( 7 )2 21 ! 28
49 21 ! 28
28 = 28
7
2
2
7
x=
2
49
x=
4
x=
Check:
x2 = 5
x= 5
or
or
) (
g 2 3 = 2 3
u 5 = 0
u =5
17 2 3
= 144 17 12 + 60
= 144 204 + 60
=0
) (
g 2 3 = 2 3
17 2 3
= 144 17 12 + 60
= 144 204 + 60
=0
+ 60
+ 60
657
) (
g 5 = 5
17 5
= 25 17 5 + 60
= 25 85 + 60
=0
( 5) = ( 5)
17
( 5)

graph to the left 1 unit to obtain the graph of
+ 60
h ( x ) = ( x + 1) .
y
(2, 4)
+ 60
= 25 17 5 + 60
= 25 85 + 60
=0
4 (0, 0)
(3, 4)
(2, 4)
x
(1, 4)
(1, 0)
All check; the zeros of g are
{2
3, 5,

graph to the right 4 units to obtain the graph of
5, 2 3 .
F ( x ) = ( x 4) .

f ( x ) = x2 + 4 .
(1, 1)
(1, 5)
(0, 4)
2
(1, 1)
4 (0, 0)
2
(2, 4)
(1, 5)
4 (0, 0)
(0, 5)
(4, 0)
85. Begin with the graph of y = x 2 , then multiply

each y-coordinate by 4 to obtain the graph of
G ( x ) = 4 x 2 .
(1, 1)
4 (0, 0)
(0, 0)
(1, 1)
4
4
(1, 4)
8
4
(1, 4)

compress the graph by a factor of
each y-coordinate by
H ( x) =
658
(6, 4)
x 4
4
(2, 1)
4
(2, 1)
(2, 4)
(2, 4)
(2, 4)
(0, 0)
(2, 4)

graph down 5 units to obtain the graph of
g ( x ) = x2 5 .
1 2
x .
5
1
(multiply
5
1
) to obtain the graph of
5

y
(2, 4)
(2, 4)
4 (0, 0)
(2, 4/5)
(2, 4/5)
4 (0, 0)
y = ( x 1) . Multiply the y-coordinates by 1
obtain the graph of p ( x ) = ( x 4 ) 3 .
to obtain the graph of y = ( x 1) . Shift this
(3, 9)

graph 1 unit to the right to obtain the graph of
y = ( x 4 ) . Shift this graph down 3 units to
(3, 9) 8
8
8

graph 4 units to the right to obtain the graph of
(2, 6)
(6, 6)
(4, 2)

2
f ( x ) = ( x 1) + 4 .
(7, 9)
(1, 9)
8 (0, 0)
(4, 0) 8
8
(1, 6)
4
(1, 1)
4 (0, 0)
(0, 1)
(1, 1)
4
(2, 1)
x
(1, 0)
4
(0, 3)
(7, 6)
8
(4, 3)
(1, 0)
4 (0, 1)

(2, 1)
(1, 4)
(2, 3)
4
y = ( x + 4 ) . Shift this graph up 2 units to

2
obtain the graph of P ( x ) = ( x + 4 ) + 2 .

y
8
(2, 4)
8 (0, 0)
8
(2, 4)
8
(2, 4)
(6, 4)
x
(4, 0)
8
8

1
2
y = ( x + 2 ) . Multiply the y-coordinates by
2
1
2
to obtain the graph of y = ( x + 2 ) . Shift this
2
graph down 1 unit to obtain the graph of
1
2
F ( x ) = ( x + 2) 1
2
659

y
(2, 4)
(4, 4)
(2, 4)
4 (0, 0)

2
(0, 4)
4 (2, 0)
G ( x ) = x 2 + 8 x + 11
(
)
2
= ( x + 8 x + 16 ) + 11 16
= x 2 + 8 x + 11
(4, 2)
(0, 2)
x

2
(0, 1)
(4, 1)
(2, 0)
= ( x + 4) 5
(2, 1)
y = ( x + 4 ) . Shift this result down 5 units to

2
obtain the graph of G ( x ) = ( x + 4 ) 5 .
(3, 9) 8
(3, 9)
8 (0, 0)
(1, 9)
(7, 9)
g ( x ) = x 2 6 x + 10
(
)
= ( x 2 6 x + 9 ) + 10 9
= x 2 6 x + 10

2
y = ( x 3) . Shift this result up 1 unit to obtain

2
the graph of g ( x ) = ( x 3) + 1 .
y
4 (0, 0)
(3, 1)
(1, 4)
(7, 4)
8
(4,5)
x = 4 .
(3, 0) 4
The vertex is ( 4, 5 ) . The axis of symmetry is

(4, 1)
x

2
h ( x ) = 2 x2 4 x 3
)
= 2 ( x 2x) 3
= 2 ( x 2 2 x + 1) 3 2
x=3
4
(2, 2)
= 2 x2 4 x 3
2
(4, 2)
4
= 2 ( x 1) 5
The vertex is ( 3, 1) ; The axis of symmetry is

graph right 1 unit to obtain the graph of
x =3.
y = ( x 1) . Vertically stretch this graph by a

660
x = 4
(2, 1)
(1, 1)
(4, 0)
= ( x 3) + 1
(1, 1)
obtain the graph of y = 2 ( x 1) . Lastly, shift
x = 3 y
H ( x ) = 2 ( x 1) 5 .
y
(3, 0)
(5, 4)
4
(1, 1)
(1, 1)
4 (0, 0)
(1, 0) 4
x=1
(1, 0) 4
4
4
(0, 3)
4
The vertex is ( 3, 1) . The axis of symmetry is

(2, 2)
(1, 5)
(5, 5)
x = 3 .
4
(0, 2)
(1, 4)
(2, 1)
(0, 1)
x
x (3, 1)
(2, 3)
(1, 5)
The vertex is (1, 5 ) . The axis of symmetry is
x =1.
p ( x ) = 3x 2 + 12 x 8
)
= 3 ( x 2 4 x ) 8
= 3 ( x 2 4 x + 4 ) 8 + 12
= 3x 2 + 12 x 8
= 3 ( x 2 ) + 4


2
y = ( x 2 ) . Multiply the y-coordinates by 3
H ( x ) = x 2 6 x 10
)
2
= ( x + 6 x ) 10
= ( x 2 + 6 x + 9 ) 10 + 9
to obtain the graph of y = 3 ( x 2 ) . Lastly,
= x 2 6 x 10

2
p ( x ) = 3 ( x 2 ) + 4 .
y
= ( x + 3) 1

2
y = ( x + 3) . Multiply the y-coordinates by 1
4 (0, 0)
to obtain the graph of y = ( x + 3) . Lastly,
(1, 1)
(1, 1)
(1, 1)
(3, 1)
x
(2, 0) 4
shift the graph down 1 unit to obtain the graph of

2
H ( x ) = ( x + 3) 1 .
y
(2, 4)
(0, 0)
4
y
(2, 4)
(5, 4)
x
(2, 0)
(1, 4)
4 (3, 0)
4
4
(1, 3)
4
4
(3, 3)
(1, 1)
4
x=2
(2, 4)
(3, 1)
4
x = 2.
661

2
graph we know that the vertex is ( 2, 4 ) , so we
1
P ( x ) = x2 2 x + 5
2
1 2
= x 2x + 5
2
1 2
= x 4x + 5
2
1 2
= x 4x + 4 + 5 2
2
1
2
= ( x 2) + 3
2
(
(

values for x, y, h, and k, we can solve for a:
2
4 = a (0 2) 4
2
4 = a ( 2 ) 4
8 = 4a
2=a
The quadratic function is f ( x ) = 2 ( x 2 ) 4

or f ( x ) = 2 x 2 8 x + 4 .
Begin with the graph of y = x , then shift the

y = ( x 2 ) . Vertically compress this graph by

1
1
(multiply the y-coordinates by )
a factor of
2
2
1
2
to obtain the graph of y = ( x 2 ) . Lastly,
2
1
2
P ( x ) = ( x 2) + 3 .
2
y
6
(2, 4)
(2, 4)

graph we know that the vertex is ( 4,3) , so we
2
2 = a (3 4 ) + 3
2
2 = a ( 1) + 3
2 = a+3
1 = a
2
The quadratic function is f ( x ) = ( x 4 ) + 3

(4, 4)
(0, 4)
or f ( x ) = x 2 + 8 x 13 .
2
4 (0, 0)
2
(2, 0) 4
graph we know that the vertex is ( 2, 1) , so we

x=2
(0, 5)
2
(4, 2)
(2, 0) 4
(4, 5)
(2, 3)
4
The vertex is ( 2, 3) . The axis of symmetry is
x = 2.
6
(0, 2)
3 = a ( 0 ( 2 ) ) 1
2
3 = a ( 0 + 2 ) 1
x
3 = a ( 2 ) 1
2 = 4 a
1
=a
2
The quadratic function is f ( x ) =
1
or f ( x ) = x 2 2 x 3 .
2
662
1
( x + 2 )2 1
2

through the point ( x, y ) = ( 3,3) . Substituting
3 = a ( 3 ( 2 ) ) 0
2
3 = a ( 3 + 2 )
3 = a ( 1)
3=a
(2, 0)
(2, 8)
(0, 8)
(1, 9)
x = 1
102. F ( x ) = 2 x 2 5 x + 3
The quadratic function is f ( x ) = 3 ( x + 2 ) or
f ( x ) = 3x + 12 x + 12 .
2
101.
(4, 0)
f ( x ) = x + 2x 8
2
a = 1, b = 2, c = 8
The graph opens up because the coefficient on
2
x is positive.
vertex:
b
2
x=
=
= 1
2a
2 (1)
2
f ( 1) = ( 1) + 2 ( 1) 8 = 9

is x = 1 .
y-intercept:
a = 2, b = 5, c = 3
x 2 is positive.
vertex:
( 5 ) 5
b
x=
=
=
2a
2 (2) 4
2
1
5
5
5
F = 2 5 + 3 =
8
4
4
4
5 1
The vertex is , and the axis of symmetry
4 8
5
is x = .
4
y-intercept:
2
F ( 0) = 2 ( 0) 5 ( 0) + 3 = 3
x-intercepts:
f ( 0 ) = ( 0 ) + 2 ( 0 ) 8 = 8
x-intercepts:
b2 4ac = 22 4 (1)( 8 ) = 36 > 0

by solving
f ( x) = 0
x2 + 2 x 8 = 0
( x 2 )( x + 4 ) = 0
x 2 = 0 or x + 4 = 0
x = 2 or x = 4
Graph:
move one unit to the left of the axis of
b2 4ac = ( 5 ) 4 ( 2 )( 3) = 1 > 0
by solving
F ( x) = 0
2 x2 5x + 3 = 0
( 2 x 3)( x 1) = 0
2 x 3 = 0 or x 1 = 0
2 x = 3 or x = 1
3
x=
2
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0,3) , is five-fourths units
to the left of the axis of symmetry. Therefore, if
we move five-fourths units to the right of the
5
axis of symmetry, we obtain the point ,3
2
which must also be on the graph.
663
_5 , 3
2
_3 , 0
(0, 3)
(1, 0)
_5 , _1
4
8
(4.41, 0)
(6, 7)
(0, 7)
x = _54
104. G ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 4 x + 3
103. g ( x ) = x 2 + 6 x 7
a = 1, b = 6, c = 7
The graph opens down because the coefficient
on x 2 is negative.
a = 2, b = 4, c = 3
on x 2 is negative.
vertex:
b
4
=
=1
x=
2a
2 ( 2 )
vertex:
b
6
=
=3
x=
2a
2 ( 1)
G (1) = 2 (1) + 4 (1) + 3 = 5
g ( 3 ) = ( 3) + 6 ( 3) 7 = 2
x =3.
x =1.
y-intercept:
y-intercept:
G ( 0 ) = 2 ( 0 ) + 4 ( 0 ) + 3 = 3
g ( 0 ) = ( 0 ) + 6 ( 0 ) 7 = 7
x-intercepts:
x-intercepts:
b2 4ac = 62 4 ( 1)( 7 ) = 8 > 0

by solving
g ( x) = 0
x2 + 6 x 7 = 0
6 8
x=
2 ( 1)
2 x 2 + 4 x + 3 = 0
4 40
x=
2 ( 2 )
4 2 10
4
10
= 1
2
x 0.58 or x 2.58
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0, 7 ) , is three units to
the left of the axis of symmetry. Therefore, if we
move three units to the right of the axis of
b2 4ac = 42 4 ( 2 )( 3) = 40 > 0
by solving
G ( x) = 0
6 2 2
=
2
= 3 2
x 1.59 or x 4.41
664
(3, 2)
3
(1.59, 0)
4
x=3
Graph:
symmetry, we obtain the point ( 2,3) which must

y
x=1
(1, 5)
4
(0, 3)
106. H ( x ) =
(2, 3)
1
a = , b = 2, c = 3
3
4
(0.58, 0)
1 2
x + 2x + 3
3
(2.58, 0)
x 2 is positive.
105. h ( x ) = 4 x 2 12 x + 9
a = 4, b = 12, c = 9
x 2 is positive.
vertex:
( 12 ) 3
b
x=
=
=
2a
2 ( 4) 2
vertex:
b
2
x=
=
= 3
2a
2 1
(3)
1
( 3 ) 2 + 2 ( 3 ) + 3 = 0
3
H ( 3) =
x = 3 .
3
3
3
h = 4 12 + 9 = 0
2
2
2
3
The vertex is , 0 and the axis of symmetry is

2
3
x= .
2
y-intercept:
2
y-intercept:
1 2
H ( 0) = ( 0) + 2 ( 0) + 3 = 3
3
x-intercepts:
1
b2 4ac = 22 4 ( 3) = 0
3
h ( 0 ) = 4 ( 0 ) 12 ( 0 ) + 9 = 9
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0,3) , is three units to the
x-intercepts:

move three units to the left of the axis of
b 4ac = ( 12 ) 4 ( 4 )( 9 ) = 0
2

3
the vertex is the only x-intercept, x = .
2
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0,9 ) , is three-halves
Therefore, if we move three-halves units to the
right of the axis of symmetry, we obtain the
point ( 3,9 ) which must also be on the graph.

y
8
(6, 3)
8
(3, 9)
e_23 , 0j
_
x = 23
8
x=1
107. p ( x ) =
4
8
(3, 0)
(0, 9)
(0, 3)
1 2
x + 3x + 10
4
1
, b = 3, c = 10
4
a=
x 2 is positive.
665
vertex:
b
3
x=
=
= 6
2a
2 1
y-intercept:
1
( 6 )2 + 3 ( 6 ) + 10 = 1
4
The vertex is ( 6,1) and the axis of symmetry is
x-intercepts:
P ( 0 ) = ( 0 ) + 4 ( 0 ) 9 = 9
(4)
p ( 6 ) =
x = 6 .
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0, 9 ) , is 2 units to the
y-intercept:
1 2
p ( 0 ) = ( 0 ) + 3 ( 0 ) + 10 = 10
4

x-intercepts:
1
b2 4ac = 32 4 (10 ) = 1 < 0
4
is negative.
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0,10 ) , is six units to the
move six units to the left of the axis of
x = 6
x=2
4
8
4
(0, 9)
8
(2, 5)
(4, 9)
109. If we compare f ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 16 x 10 to
b = 16 , and c = 10 . Because a < 0 , we know

the graph will open down, so the function will
have a maximum value.
b
16
x=
=
=4.
2a
2 ( 2 )
(0, 10)
2
12
(6, 1)
(12, 10)
b2 4ac = 42 4 ( 1)( 9 ) = 20 < 0

is negative.

2
108. P ( x ) = x 2 + 4 x 9
a = 1, b = 4, c = 9
on x 2 is negative.
110. If we compare g ( x ) = 6 x 2 3x 1 to
vertex:
b
4
x=
=
=2
2a
2 ( 1)
2
P ( 2 ) = ( 2 ) + 4 ( 2 ) 9 = 5
x = 2.
666
f ( 4 ) = 2 ( 4 ) + 16 ( 4 ) 10 = 22 .
So, the maximum value is 22, and it occurs when
x = 4.
g ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c , we find that a = 6 , b = 3 ,
minimum value.
( 3 ) 1
b
x=
=
= .
2a
2 ( 6) 4
11
1
1
1
g = 6 3 1 = .
8
4
4
4
11
So, the minimum value is , and it occurs
8
1
when x = .
4
b.

found in part (a).
1
2
R ( 225 ) = ( 225 ) + 150 ( 225) = 16,875
3
The maximum revenue is $16,875.
114. a.

function has a negative leading coefficient.
This means that the graph will open down
and the function indeed has a maximum
value. The maximum value occurs when
b
120
I =
=
= 3.75 .
2a
2 ( 16 )
111. If we compare h ( x ) = 4 x + 8 x + 3 to
2
h ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c , we find that a = 4 , b = 8 ,
and c = 3 . Because a < 0 , we know the graph
will open down, so the function will have a
maximum value.
b
8
x=
=
=1.
2a
2 ( 4 )
The power will be maximized when the

current is 3.75 amperes.
b.
h ( 4 ) = 4 (1) + 8 (1) + 3 = 7 .
x =1.
1
112. If we compare F ( x ) = x 2 + 4 x 7 to
3
1
F ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c , we find that a = ,
3
a maximum value.
b
4
x=
=
= 6.
2a
2 1
( 3)

1 2
F ( 6) = ( 6) + 4 ( 6) 7 = 5 .
3
x = 6.
113. a.

b
150
p=
=
= 225 .
2a
2 1
( 3)

televisions are sold at a price of $225.
The maximum power is obtained by

evaluating the power function for the
current found in part (a).
2
P ( 3.75 ) = 16 ( 3.75 ) + 120 ( 3.75 ) = 225

The maximum power is 225 watts.
115. Let x represent the first number. Then the second
number must be 24 x . We can express the
product of the two numbers as the function
p ( x ) = x ( 24 x ) = x 2 + 24 x
This is a quadratic function with a = 1 ,
b = 24 , and c = 0 . The function is maximized
b
24
when x =
=
= 12 .
2a
2 ( 1)
The maximum product can be obtained by
p ( x ) = 12 ( 24 12 ) = 12 (12 ) = 144
Two numbers that sum to 24 have a maximum

product of 144 when both numbers are 12.
116. a.
Let x represent the width of the rectangular

kennel (the side that is not parallel to the
garage). Then 15 2 x is the length of the
kennel (the side that is parallel to the
garage). The area is the product of the
length and width:
A = (15 2 x ) x
= 2 x 2 + 15 x
The leading coefficient is negative so we
know the graph opens down and there will
be a maximum area. This value occurs when
the width is
667
x=
b
15
=
= 3.75 .
2a
2 ( 2 )

b.
Then the length is 15 2 ( 3.75) = 7.5 .

The dimensions that maximize the area of
the kennel are 3.75 yards by 7.5 yards.
b.
The maximum area can be found by

substituting 3.75 for x into the area function.
A = 3.75 (15 2 ( 3.75 ) ) = 28.125
The maximum revenue can be found by

substituting this value for p in the revenue
equation.
2
R = 0.002 (15, 000 ) + 60 (15, 000 )

= 450, 000
The maximum revenue of $450,000 will
occur if the price of each automobile is set
at $15,000.
The maximum area of the kennel is

28.125 square yards.
117. a.
First we recognize that the quadratic

This means the graph will open down and
the function will indeed have a maximum.
b
1
x=
=
= 100 .
2a
2 ( 0.005 )
c.
The ball will reach a maximum height when

it is 100 feet from Ted.
b.
The maximum height can be found by

evaluating h ( x ) for the value of x found in
part (a).
2
h (100 ) = 0.005 (100 ) + 100 = 50

The ball will reach a maximum height of
50 feet.
c.
When the ball is on the ground, it will have

a height of 0 feet. Thus, we need to solve
h ( x) = 0 .
119. a.
b.
0.005 x + x = 0
Zero (0) represents the distance from Ted

before he kicks the ball. The ball will strike
the ground again when it is 200 feet away
from Ted.
118. a.
x > 3 . The solution is { x x < 2 or x > 3}
The graph is less than 0 for 2 < x < 3 . The

solution is { x 2 < x < 3} using set-builder
interval notation.
120. a.
x = 0 or x 200 = 0
x = 0 or
x = 200
The graph is greater than 0 for x < 2 or
notation. The solution is ( 2, 3) using
200 0.005 x 2 + x = 200 ( 0 )

x 2 + 200 x = 0
x ( x 200 ) = 0
To determine how many automobiles will be

sold, we substitute the maximizing price into
the demand equation.
x = 0.002 p + 60
= 0.002 (15, 000 ) + 60
= 30
When the price per automobile is $15,000,
the dealership will sell 30 automobiles per
month.
in set-builder notation. The solution is

( , 2 ) ( 3, ) using interval notation.
The revenue function is quadratic with a

negative leading coefficient. This means the
graph will open down and the function will
have a maximum value. This value occurs
when
b
60
p=
=
= 15, 000 .
2a
2 ( 0.002 )
7
x 1.
2
The solution is x x 1 using set2
7
builder notation. The solution is , 1
2
using interval notation.
The graph is 0 or greater for
Since R = x p , we have
R = x p
= ( 0.002 p + 60 ) p
= 0.002 p 2 + 60 p
668
b.
7
or x 1 .
2
The solution is x x or x 1 using

2
set-builder notation. The solution is

7
, [1, ) using interval notation.

2
The graph is 0 or less for x
121. x 2 2 x 24 0
Solve:
x 2 x 24 = 0
( x 6 )( x + 4 ) = 0
x 6 = 0 or x + 4 = 0
x = 6 or
x = 4
(, 4)
(4, 6)
x6
x+4
++++
++++
(x 6)(x + 4)

solution is { y | y 8 or y 1} or, using interval
notation; ( , 8] [1, ) .
10
[
1
123. 3z 2 19 z + 20 > 0
Interval
of the solution. Now, ( y 1)( y + 8 ) is greater
(6, )
++++
++++
Solve: 3z 2 19 z + 20 = 0
( 3z 4 )( z 5) = 0
3z 4 = 0 or z 5 = 0
z=5
3 z = 4 or
4
z=
3
Interval
_4
,
3
_4
3z 4
++++
4
_
, 5
3
(5, )
++++
++++

of the solution. Now, ( x 6 )( x + 4 ) is less than
z5
++++
(3z 4)(z 5 )
++++

is { x 4 x 6} or, using interval notation,
++++
[ 4, 6] .
6
122. y 2 + 7 y 8 0
Solve:
y 1 = 0 or y + 8 = 0
y = 1 or
y = 8
y1
y+8
(y 1)(y + 8)
(, 8)
solution is z z < or z > 5 or, using interval

3
notation, , ( 5, ) .
3
y2 + 7 y 8 = 0
( y 1)( y + 8) = 0
Interval
4
and 5 are not part
3
of the solution. Now, ( 3z 4 )( z 5 ) is greater
(8, 1)
_4
11
(1, )
++++
++++
++++
++++
++++

669

Interval
124. p 2 + 4 p 2 < 0
Solve: p 2 + 4 p 2 = 0
4 4 4 (1)( 2 )
2
p=
2 (1)
4 24
2
4 2 6
=
2
= 2 6
( , 2 6 ) (2
6 , 2 + 6
(2 +
6,
2+ 6
++++
++++
++++
) ++++
++++
p 2 6 p 2 + 6
The inequality is strict, so 2 6 and 2 + 6

p 2 6 p 2 + 6 is less than
++++
2m 5
++++
++++
++++
Solve:
2 6
4.45
3w + 1 = 0
or 2 w 7 = 0
3w = 1 or
2w = 7
1
7
w=
w=
or
3
2
Interval
_1 1 _1 7_
, _ ,
3 3 3 2
_7
2
7
_
,
2
3w + 1
++++
++++
2w 7
++++
(3w + 1)(2 w 7) + + + +
++++
1
7
and
are
2
3
part of the solution. Now, ( 3w + 1)( 2w 7 ) is
less than zero where the product is negative.
1
7
The solution is w w or, using
3
2
2+ 6
0.45
125. 4m 2 20m + 25 0
Solve: 4m 2 20m + 25 = 0
( 2m 5)( 2m 5) = 0
2m 5 = 0 or 2m 5 = 0
2m = 5 or
2m = 5
5
5
m=
m=
or
2
2
670
6 w2 19w 7 = 0
( 3w + 1)( 2w 7 ) = 0
is p 2 6 < p < 2 + 6 or, using

interval notation, 2 6, 2 + 6 .
126. 6w2 19w 7 0
0.45
4.45
2m 5
4m 2 20m + 25 is always greater than or equal

to zero. The solution is {m | m is any real
number} or, using interval notation ( , ) .
2 6
5
_
,
2
5
is part of the
2
solution. Now, ( 2m 5)( 2m 5) is greater than
zero where the product is positive. Thus,

(
)
p (2 + 6 )
x = 2 6 or x = 2 + 6
or 0.45
4.45
p 2 6
_5
(2m 5)(2m 5)
Interval
_5
, 2
1 7
interval notation, , .
3 2
6
[
1
_
3
_7
2

127. (2x 3)(x + 1)(x 2) < 0
Solve (2x 3)(x + 1)(x 2) = 0.
2 x 3 = 0 or x + 1 = 0 or x 2 = 0
3
x=
or
x = 1 or
x=2
2
(, 1)
3
2
3
1 ,
2
3
, 2
2
(2, )
(2x 3)
+++
+ +++
(x + 1)
+++
+++
+ +++
(x 2)
+++
(2x 3)(x + 1)(x 2)
+++
+++
3
The inequality is strict, so 1, , and 2 are not
2
part of the solution. Now, (2x 3)(x + 1)(x 2)
is less than zero where the product is negative.
3
The solution is x x < 1 or < x < 2 in set2
3
builder notation and (, 1) , 2 in
2
interval notation.
)
1
( )
1 3 2
]
4
[
2
128. x + 5 x 9 x 45 0
Solve x3 + 5 x 2 9 x 45 = 0
( x + 5)( x 2 9) = 0
( x + 5)( x + 3)( x 3) = 0
x + 5 = 0 or x + 3 = 0 or x 3 = 0
x = 5 or
x = 3 or
x=3
(, 5)
(5, 3)
(3, 3)
(3, )
+++
+ +++
+++
+ +++
+++
+++
+++
(x + 3)
(x 3)
(x + 5)(x + 3)(x 3)
+++
9
1
Add: ( 3) =
4
2
9
Result: x 2 3x +
4
3
Factored Form: x
2
2
2. Start: m 2 + m
5
2
1 2
1
Add: =
2
5
25
2
1
Result: m 2 + m +
5
25
2
x 2 ( x + 5) 9( x + 5) = 0
Interval
1. Start: x 2 3x
Factored Form: m +
5
(x + 5)
[
8
Chapter 7 Test
Interval

The solution is {x|5 x 3 or x 3} in setbuilder notation and [5, 3] [3, ) in interval
notation.
3. 9 x +
3
2
4
x+
3
4
x+
3
4
x+
3
=1
=
1
9
1
9
1
3
4 1
x=
3 3
4 1
4 1
x = or x = +
3 3
3 3
5
x=
or x = 1
3
5

3
671
4. m 2 6m + 4 = 0
m=
( 6 )
( 9 )2 4 ( 3)( 7 )
2 ( 3)
9 81 84
6
9 3
=
6
9 3i
=
6
9
3
=
i
6 6
3
3
=
i
2 6
=
( 6 )2 4 (1)( 4 )
2 (1)
6 36 16
2
6 20
=
2
62 5
=
2
6 2 5
=
2
2
= 3 5
( 9 )
z=
3 3
3
3
i, +
i .
The solution set is
2
6
2
6
The solution set is. 3 5, 3 + 5 .
7.
2 x2 + 5 x = 4
2
2 x + 5x 4 = 0
5. 2 w2 4 w + 3 = 0
w=
( 4 )
8.
4 16 24
4
4 8
=
4
42 2i
=
4
4 2 2
=
i
4
4
2
= 1
i
2
c2 = a 2 + b2
112 = a 2 + 72
121 = a 2 + 49
72 = a 2
a = 72
a=6 2
9.
2
2

i, 1 +
i .
2
2
1 2 3
7
z z=
2
2
6
1 2 3
7
6 z z = 6
2
2
6
2
3 z 9 z = 7
3z 2 9 z + 7 = 0
672
Because b2 4ac = 57 , but not a perfect square,

the quadratic equation will have two irrational
solutions.
( 4 )2 4 ( 2 )( 3)
2 ( 2)
6.
b2 4ac = 52 4 ( 2 )( 4 ) = 25 + 32 = 57
( x2 )
x 4 5 x 2 36 = 0
2
( )
5 x 2 36 = 0
2
Let u = x .
u 2 5u 36 = 0
( u 9 )( u + 4 ) = 0
u 9 = 0
or u + 4 = 0
u=9
or
u = 4
x2 = 9
or
x = 9 or
x = 3 or
x 2 = 4
x = 4
x = 2i

Check:
Check:
( 3 )
x = 3 :
5 ( 3) 36 ! 0
81 5 9 36 ! 0
81 45 36 ! 0
0=0
1
1
: 6
81
81
y=
x = 3 : 34 5 ( 3) 36 ! 0
81 5 9 36 ! 0
81 45 36 ! 0
0=0
1 4
+ 13 5 ! 0
81
1
1
6
+ 134
5 ! 0
81
81
1
1
6 + 13 5 ! 0
9
3
2 13
+ 5 ! 0
3 3
0=0
2
x = 2i :
( 2i )
5 ( 2i ) 36 ! 0
16i 4 5 4i 2 36 ! 0
16 (1) 5 4 ( 1) 36 ! 0
16 + 20 36 ! 0
0=0
( 2i )4 5 ( 2i )2 36 ! 0
x = 2i :
16i 4 5 4i 2 36 ! 0
16 (1) 5 4 ( 1) 36 ! 0
16 + 20 36 ! 0
0=0
10.
6 y 2 + 13 y 4 5 = 0

2
y = ( x + 2 ) . Shift this graph down 5 units to
1
1
6 y 4 + 13 y 4 5 = 0
obtain the graph of f ( x ) = ( x + 2 ) 5 .
Let u = y 4 .
6u 2 + 13u 5 = 0
( 3u 1)( 2u + 5 ) = 0
3u 1 = 0
3u = 1
1
u=
3
1
1
y 4=
3
4
4
1
4
1
y =
3
1
y=
81
625
625 2
625 4
y=
: 6
+ 13
5 ! 0
16
16
16
625
625
6
+ 134
5 ! 0
16
16
25
5
6 + 13 5 ! 0
4

2
75 65
+ 5 ! 0
2
2
65 0
625
y=
does not check; the solution set is
16
1
.
81
or
or
or
or
or
or
(2, 4)
2u + 5 = 0
2u = 5
5
u=
2
1
5
y 4 =
2
4
4
1
4
5
y =
2
625
y=
16
y
(2, 4)
4 (0, 0)
(4, 4)
x
4 (2, 0)
(0, 4)
x = 2 y
4
(4, 1)
4
(0, 1)
(2, 5)
x = 2 .
673

12. g ( x ) = 2 x 2 8 x 3
a = 2, b = 8, c = 3
on x 2 is negative.

vertex:
( 8 )
b
=
= 2
x=
2a
2 ( 2 )
2 = a ( 0 ( 3) ) 5
2
g ( 2 ) = 2 ( 2 ) 8 ( 2 ) 3 = 5
2 = a ( 0 + 3 ) 5
2
g ( 0 ) = 2 ( 0 ) 8 ( 0 ) 3 = 3
2 = a ( 3 ) 5
2 = 9 a 5
3 = 9a
3
=a
9
1
=a
3
x-intercepts:
The quadratic function is f ( x ) =
The vertex is ( 2,5 ) . The axis of symmetry is
x = 2 .
y-intercept:
2
b2 4ac = ( 8 ) 4 ( 2 )( 3) = 40 > 0
by solving
g ( x) = 0
2 x 2 8 x 3 = 0
x=
( 8 ) 40
2 ( 2 )
8 2 10
4
10
= 2
2
x 3.58 or x 0.42

symmetry, we obtain the point ( 4, 3) which
(0.42, 0)
4
(0, 3)
x = 2

1 2
h ( 2) = ( 2) + 2 + 5 = 6 .
4
x = 2.
Solve:
(4, 3)
1
14. If we compare h ( x ) = x 2 + x + 5 to
4
15. 2m 2 + m 15 > 0
(3.58, 0)
1 2
x + 2x 2 .
3
( 4)
Graph:
The y-intercept point, ( 0, 3) , is two units to the
(2, 5)
or f ( x ) =
1
( x + 3)2 5
3
1
f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c , we find that a = ,
4
a maximum value.
b
1
1
x=
=
=
= 2.
2a
12
2 1
674
2m 2 + m 15 = 0
( 2m 5)( m + 3) = 0
2m 5 = 0 or m + 3 = 0
m = 3
2m = 5 or
5
m=
2

Interval
_5
3,
2
_5
2m 5
5
_
,
2
++++
m+3
++++
++++
(2m 5)(m + 3 ) + + + +
++++
( , 3) 3
16t 2 80t + 30 = 0
t=
5
are not part
2
of the solution. Now, ( 2m 5)( m + 3) is greater
The inequality is strict, so 3 and
5
solution is m m < 3 or m > or, using
2
5
interval notation, ( , 3) , .
2
4 2
3
(
_5
Solve x3 + 5 x 2 4 x 20 = 0
x 2 ( x + 5) 4( x + 5) = 0
( x + 5)( x 2 4) = 0
( x + 5)( x + 2)( x 2) = 0
x + 5 = 0 or x + 2 = 0 or x 2 = 0
x = 5 or
x = 2 or
x=2
5
(5, 2)
(2, 2)
(2, )
(x + 5)
+++
+++
+ +++
(x + 2)
+++
+ +++
(x 2)
+++
(x + 5)(x + 2)(x 2)
+++
+++

less than zero where the product is negative. The
solution is {x|x 5 or 2 x 2} in set-builder
notation and (, 5] [2, 2] in interval
notation.
]
8
[
2
]
2
( 80 )2 4 (16 )( 30 )
2 (16 )
80 6400 1920
32
80 4480
=
32
80 8 70
=
32
80 8 70
=
32
32
5
70
=
2
4
=
5
70
5
70
or t =
2
4
2
4
0.408
or 4.592
Rounding to the nearest tenth, the height of the
rock will be 50 feet at both 0.4 seconds and
4.6 seconds.
16. x3 + 5 x 2 4 x 20 0
(, 5)
( 80 )
t=
Interval
50 = 16t 2 + 80t + 20
17.
18. Let t represent the time required for Rupert to

roof the house alone. Then t 4 will represent
the time required for Lex to roof the house alone.
by Rupert + by Lex = together
in 1 hour in 1 hour in 1 hour

1
1
1
+
=
t
t 4
16
1
1
1
16t ( t 4 ) +
= 16t ( t 4 )
t
t
16
16 ( t 4 ) + 16t = t ( t 4 )
16t 64 + 16t = t 2 4t
32t 64 = t 2 4t
0 = t 2 36t + 64
675
t=
( 36 )

Then the length is 25 12.5 = 12.5 .
The dimensions that maximize the volume
of the box are 12.5 in. by 12.5 in. by 12 in.
( 36 )2 4 (1)( 64 )
2 (1)
36 1296 256
2
36 1040
=
2
36 4 65
=
2
= 18 2 65
t = 18 2 65 or t = 18 + 2 65
or 34.125
1.875
=
b.
The maximum volume of the box is

1875 cubic inches.
Cumulative Review Chapters R7

Lexs time negative: t 4 = 1.875 4 = 2.125 .
The only viable answer is t 34.125 hours.
Rounding to the nearest tenth, Rupert can roof
the house in 34.1 hours when working alone.
19. a.

b
170
p=
=
= 340 .
2a
2 ( 0.25 )
product is sold at a price of $340.
b.

found in part (a).
1.
3.
= 12 x 2 + 300 x
The leading coefficient is negative so we
know the graph opens down and there will
be a maximum volume. This value occurs
when the width is
b
300
x=
=
= 12.5 .
2a
2 ( 12 )
676
1 3
16 35 + 3 16
=
=2
1 9
8
p 5 = 3( p 2) 9
p 5 = 3p 6 9
p 5 = 3 p 15
5 + 15 = 3 p p
10 = 2 p
5= p
4. 5 + 2 x + 1
2 x +1
2 x +1
x +1
>9
> 95
>4
>2
x + 1 > 2 or
x > 1 or
Let x represent the width of the base of the

50 2 x
box. Then
= 25 x is the length of
2
the base. The volume is the product of the
length, width, and height:
V = ( 25 x ) x 12
24 5 7 + 3
2. 2 ( 3c + 1) ( c 9 ) 2c = 6c + 2 c + 9 2c
= 3c + 11
R ( 340 ) = 0.25 ( 340 ) + 170 ( 340 )

= 28,900
The maximum weekly revenue is $28,900.
20. a.
The maximum volume can be found by

substituting 12.5 for x into the volume
function.
V = ( 25 12.5 ) 12.5 12 = 1875
x + 1 < 2
x < 3
The solution set is ( 3) (1, ) .

5.
x 2 + x 12 = 0
( x + 4 )( x 3) = 0
x + 4 = 0 or x 3 = 0
x = 4 or
x=3
These are the values of x that make the
denominator equal to zero, so they must be
avoided. The domain of h is { x | x 4, x 3} .
6. 3x 4 y = 8
4 y = 3x 8
3
y = x2
4
From the slope-intercept form, we can see the
y-intercept is 2 and the slope is

y
3
.
4
9.
4 1 0
2 1
1 1
1 2
1
+0
1 2 1 = 4
2 1
3 1
3 2
3 2 1
= 4 2 (1) ( 1)( 2 ) 1 1(1) ( 1)( 3)
2
4 2
2
+ 0 1( 2 ) 2 ( 3)
= 4 ( 2 2 ) 1(1 + 3) + 0
= 4 ( 0 ) 1( 4 )
= 04
= 4
(4, 1)
x
7. 2 x + 5 y = 15
5 y = 2 x 15
2
y = x3
5
2
Since m = , the slope of the parallel line will
5
2
be m = .
5
y y1 = m ( x x1 )
2
y ( 1) = ( x 5 )
5
2
y +1 = x + 2
5
2
y = x +1
5
in slope-intercept form, or
2
y = x +1
5
5 y = 2 x + 5
2x + 5 y = 5
in general form.
(1)
8. 5 x + 2 y = 0
2 x y = 9 (2)
Multiply both sides of equation (2) by 2, and add

the result to equation (1).
5x + 2 y = 0
4 x 2 y = 18
9x
= 18
x = 2
Substituting 2 for x in equation (1), we obtain
5 ( 2 ) + 2 y = 0
10 + 2 y = 0
2 y = 10
y=5
The solution is the ordered pair (2,5).
10. 2 x + 3 y < 3
2 x + y > 5
First, graph the inequality 2 x + 3 y < 3 . To do

so, replace the inequality symbol with an equal
sign to obtain 2 x + 3 y = 3 . Because the
inequality is strict, graph 2 x + 3 y = 3
y = x 1 using a dashed line.

3
Test Point: ( 0, 0 ) : 2 0 + 3 0 = 0 < 3
Therefore, the half-plane not containing ( 0, 0 ) is

the solution set of 2 x + 3 y < 3 .
Next, graph the inequality 2 x + y > 5 . To do
so, replace the inequality symbol with an equal
sign to obtain 2 x + y = 5 . Because the
inequality is strict, graph 2 x + y = 5
( y = 2 x 5) using a dashed line.

Test Point: ( 0, 0 ) :2 0 + 0 = 0 > 5
Therefore, the half-plane containing ( 0, 0 ) is the

solution set of 2 x + y > 5 .
The overlapping shaded region (that is, the
shaded region in the graph) is the solution to the
system of linear inequalities.
y
(3, 1)
11.
( a3 9a2 + 11) + ( 7a2 5a 8)

= a3 9a 2 + 11 + 7a 2 5a 8
= a 3 2 a 2 5a + 3
677
4x2 + 2 x 3
2
16.
12. 2 x x + 5 8 x + 0 x + 12 x + 17 x 18
8 x 4 4 x3 + 20 x 2
4 x3 8 x 2 + 17 x
4 x3 2 x 2 + 10 x
6 x 2 + 7 x 18
6 x 2 + 3 x 15
4x 3
8 x 4 + 12 x 2 + 17 x 18
2x2 x + 5
= 4 x2 + 2 x 3 +
4x 3
17.
2 x2 x + 5
3
13. 8m3 + 27n3 = ( 2m ) + ( 3n )
= ( 2m + 3n ) 4m2 6mn + 9n2
14. 7 y 2 + 23 y 20 = ( 7 y 5 )( y + 4 )
2 w2 11w + 12
15.
w2 16
2 w2 7 w + 6
w2 + 9w + 20
2w2 11w + 12 w2 + 9w + 20
=
w2 16
2 w2 7 w + 6
( 2 w 3) ( w 4 ) ( w + 4 ) ( w + 5 )
=
( w + 4 ) ( w 4 ) ( 2 w 3) ( w 2 )
=
w+5
w2
18.
3
2
2
2
k 5k + 4 k + 4k 5
3
2
=
( k 4 )( k 1) ( k + 5 )( k 1)
3 ( k + 5)
2 ( k 4)
=
( k 4 )( k 1)( k + 5 ) ( k + 5 )( k 1)( k 4 )
3 ( k + 5) 2 ( k 4)
=
( k + 5 )( k 1)( k 4 )
3k + 15 2k + 8
=
k
( + 5 )( k 1)( k 4 )
k + 23
=
k
+
5
(
)( k 1)( k 4 )
1 1 5 1
=
+
2n 6 4n 3
1 1
5 1
12n = 12n +
2n 6
4n 3
6 2n = 15 + 4n
6 15 = 4n + 2n
6 n = 9
3
n=
2
3
2
x4
0
x+5
The rational expression will equal 0 when x = 4 .
It is undefined when x = 5 . Thus we separate
the real number line into intervals ( , 5 ) ,
( 5, 4 ) , and ( 4, ) . Determine where the
numerator and denominator are positive and

negative and where the quotient is positive and
negative.
Interval
( , 5 )
( 5, 4 )
( 4, )
x4
Neg
Neg
Neg
Pos
x+5
Neg
Pos
Pos
Pos
x4
x+5
Pos
Undef
Neg
Pos
The rational function is undefined at x = 5 , so

5 is not part of the solution. The inequality is
non-strict, so 4 is part of the solution. Now,
678
x4
is greater than zero where the quotient is
x+5
positive. The solution is ( , 5 ) [ 4, ) in
16 12 + 16 = 6
Check:
4 + 4=6
?
interval notation.
0
2 + 4=6
6=6
19. Recall D = r t .
Let rs be the speed of the slower plane, then

23. a 2 + b2 = c 2
( x 4 )2 + ( x + 13)2 = ( x + 14 )2
Ds = rs 2 is the distance the slower plane

traveled.
Let r f be the speed of the faster plane, then
x 2 8 x + 16 + x 2 + 26 x + 169 = x 2 + 28 x + 196
2 x 2 + 18 x + 185 = x 2 + 28 x + 196
D f = r f 2 is the distance the faster plane

traveled. Since r f = rs + 16 , we can express D f
2 x 2 + 18 x + 185 x 2 28 x 196 = 0
x 2 10 x 11 = 0
( x 11)( x + 1) = 0
as D f = ( rs + 16 ) 2 .
We are giving the total distance is 536 miles, so
Ds + D f = 536
rs 2 + ( rs + 16 ) 2 = 536
2rs + 2rs + 32 = 536
4rs + 32 = 536
4rs = 504
rs = 126
The rate of the slower plane is 126 mph, and the
rate of the faster plane is 142 mph.
48 + 75 2 3 = 16 3 + 25 3 2 3
= 4 3 +5 3 2 3
=7 3
20.
21.
22.
5
3
16
5
3
16
53 4
3
64
x 11 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
x = 11 or
x = 1
Since the value x = 1 would give a negative value
for one of the measurements of the triangle, we ignore
it. The value of x is 11.
24.
x 2 20 = 8 x
x 2 8 x 20 = 0
( x 10 )( x + 2 ) = 0
x 10 = 0 or
x = 10 or
x+2=0
x = 2
The solution set is {2,10} .
53 4
4
a 12 + a = 6
a 12 = 6 a
a 12
) = (6 a )
2
a 12 = 36 12 a + a
12 a = 36 + a a + 12
12 a = 48
a =4
( a)
= 42
a = 16
679
25.
f ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 4 x + 3
a = 2, b = 4, c = 3
The graph opens up because a > 0.
vertex:
b
4
x=
=
=1
2a
2 ( 2 )
2
f (1) = 2 (1) + 4 (1) + 3 = 5

y-intercept:
2
f ( 0 ) = 2 ( 0 ) + 4 ( 0 ) + 3 = 3
x-intercepts:
2
b2 4ac = ( 4 ) 4 ( 2 )( 3) = 40 > 0
by solving
f ( x) = 0
2 x 2 + 4 x + 3 = 0
x=
4 42 4 ( 2 )( 3)
2 ( 2 )
4 40
4
4 2 10
=
4
10
= 1
2
=
x = 1
10
10
0.58 or x = 1 +
2.58
2
2
Graph:
symmetry, we obtain the point ( 2,3) which must
y
(1, 5)
(0, 3)
(2, 3)
1
1
680

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Chapter 7

Are You Ready for This Section?

R8. The absolute value of a number x, written x is

The solution set is {13, 7} .

The solution set is 4 3, 4 3 .

The solution set is 6 2 i, 6 2 i .

R6. The complex conjugate is 3 2i .

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 7: Quadratic Equations and Functions

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

The solution set is 4 7, 4 + 7 .

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 7: Quadratic Equations and Functions

know Hypotenuse 2 = Leg 2 + Leg 2 . We also

know 200 feet =

line of sight, d, and the other leg is 3960 miles,

The solution set is 5 2, 5 2 .

18. Let d represent the unknown distance.

Since the line of sight and the two lines drawn

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 7: Quadratic Equations and Functions

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

The solution set is 2 2, 2 2 .

The solution set is {2i, 2i} .

The solution set is 5 3, 5 + 3 .

The solution set is 1 3 2i, 1 + 3 2i .

Chapter 7: Quadratic Equations and Functions

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

The solution set is 2 3, 2 + 3 .

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 7: Quadratic Equations and Functions

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

The solution set is 4 19, 4 + 19 .

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 7: Quadratic Equations and Functions

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

75. c 2 = 122 + 162

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 7: Quadratic Equations and Functions

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

91. Let x represent the diagonal.

93. Let x represent the distance from the ball to the

x 2 = 900 + 10, 000

95. Let x represent the length of the guy wire.

The solution set is 2 3 2, 2 + 3 2 .

Let x represent the height up the wall to

The points 2 3 2 , 18 and 2 + 3 2 , 18

Let x represent the distance that the base of

are on the graph of g.

Chapter 7: Quadratic Equations and Functions

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

105. 202 =142 + 182

400 =196 + 324

Because c a 2 + b 2 , the triangle is not a right

The solution set is 1, .

113. In both cases, the simpler equations are linear.