Introduction

Title page

CS11002 Programming and Data Structures

Spring 2008

Introduction

Goutam Biswas
Abhijit Das
Dipankar Sarkar

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Jan 04, 2008

Introduction
Syllabus

Syllabus
Introduction
Syllabus

Syllabus

Introduction to digital computers

Introduction
Syllabus

Syllabus

Introduction to digital computers

Basic programming constructs
Variables and simple data types
Assignments
Input/output
Conditions and branching
Loops and iteration
Iterative searching and sorting algorithms
Introduction
Syllabus

Syllabus

Introduction to digital computers

Basic programming constructs
Variables and simple data types
Assignments
Input/output
Conditions and branching
Loops and iteration
Iterative searching and sorting algorithms
Advanced programming constructs
Functions and recursion
Recursive sorting algorithms
Arrays and strings
Structures
Pointers and dynamic memory allocation
Introduction
Syllabus

Syllabus (contd.)
Introduction
Syllabus

Syllabus (contd.)

Performance analysis of programs

Introduction
Syllabus

Syllabus (contd.)

Performance analysis of programs

Data structures
Abstract data types
Ordered lists
Stacks and queues
Introduction
Syllabus

Syllabus (contd.)

Performance analysis of programs

Data structures
Abstract data types
Ordered lists
Stacks and queues

Programming language: C
Introduction
References
On C

Textbooks and references

Introduction
References
On C

Textbooks and references

Use any standard textbook on ANSI C

Introduction
References
On C

Textbooks and references

Use any standard textbook on ANSI C

Do not use books written on specific C compilers (Turbo C, gcc)

Introduction
References
On C

Textbooks and references

Use any standard textbook on ANSI C

Do not use books written on specific C compilers (Turbo C, gcc)

1 Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie, The C

Programming Language, Prentice Hall of India.
2 E. Balaguruswamy, Programming in ANSI C, Tata
McGraw-Hill.
3 Byron Gottfried, Schaum’s Outline of Programming with C,
McGraw-Hill.
4 P. Dey and M. Ghosh, Programming in C, Oxford University
Press.
Introduction
References
On data structures

Textbooks and references

Introduction
References
On data structures

Textbooks and references

5 Seymour Lipschutz, Data Structures, Schaum’s Outlines

Series, Tata McGraw-Hill.
6 Ellis Horowitz, Satraj Sahni and Susan Anderson-Freed,
Fundamentals of Data Structures in C, W. H. Freeman and
Company.
7 R. G. Dromey, How to Solve it by Computer, Prentice-Hall
of India.
Introduction
References
On data structures

Textbooks and references

5 Seymour Lipschutz, Data Structures, Schaum’s Outlines

Series, Tata McGraw-Hill.
6 Ellis Horowitz, Satraj Sahni and Susan Anderson-Freed,
Fundamentals of Data Structures in C, W. H. Freeman and
Company.
7 R. G. Dromey, How to Solve it by Computer, Prentice-Hall
of India.

8 http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼pds/notes/
Introduction
Marks distribution

Marks distribution
Introduction
Marks distribution

Marks distribution

Two class tests: 10 × 2 = 20

Introduction
Marks distribution

Marks distribution

Two class tests: 10 × 2 = 20

Mid-semester test: 30
Introduction
Marks distribution

Marks distribution

Two class tests: 10 × 2 = 20

Mid-semester test: 30
End-semester test: 50
Introduction
Marks distribution

Marks distribution

Two class tests: 10 × 2 = 20

Mid-semester test: 30
End-semester test: 50

Final marks of a student: M = m × α, where

Introduction
Marks distribution

Marks distribution

Two class tests: 10 × 2 = 20

Mid-semester test: 30
End-semester test: 50

Final marks of a student: M = m × α, where

m = Total marks obtained in 100, and

Introduction
Marks distribution

Marks distribution

Two class tests: 10 × 2 = 20

Mid-semester test: 30
End-semester test: 50

Final marks of a student: M = m × α, where

m = Total marks obtained in 100, and

α = Classes attended / Total number of classes.
Introduction
Test schedule

Tentative schedule of theory tests

Introduction
Test schedule

Tentative schedule of theory tests

Class Test 1: February 06, 2008 (Wednesday)

Introduction
Test schedule

Tentative schedule of theory tests

Class Test 1: February 06, 2008 (Wednesday)

Mid-semester Test: February 22–29, 2008 (Friday to Friday)

Introduction
Test schedule

Tentative schedule of theory tests

Class Test 1: February 06, 2008 (Wednesday)

Mid-semester Test: February 22–29, 2008 (Friday to Friday)

Class Test 2: April 02, 2008 (Wednesday)

Introduction
Test schedule

Tentative schedule of theory tests

Class Test 1: February 06, 2008 (Wednesday)

Mid-semester Test: February 22–29, 2008 (Friday to Friday)

Class Test 2: April 02, 2008 (Wednesday)

End-Semester Test: April 21–29, 2008 (Monday to Tuesday)

Introduction
Lab schedule

Tentative schedule for the laboratory

Introduction
Lab schedule

Tentative schedule for the laboratory

Lab test 1: February 15–21, 2008 (Friday to Thursday)

Introduction
Lab schedule

Tentative schedule for the laboratory

Lab test 1: February 15–21, 2008 (Friday to Thursday)

Lab Test 2: April 04–10, 2008 (Friday to Thursday)

Introduction
Lab schedule

Tentative schedule for the laboratory

Lab test 1: February 15–21, 2008 (Friday to Thursday)

Lab Test 2: April 04–10, 2008 (Friday to Thursday)

Marks distribution
Lab Test 1: 25
Lab Test 2: 35
Daily Performance: 40
Introduction
Coverage schedule

Tentative schedule for coverage

Introduction
Coverage schedule

Tentative schedule for coverage

Before Class Test 1: Until “iterations” (all loop constructs)

Introduction
Coverage schedule

Tentative schedule for coverage

Before Class Test 1: Until “iterations” (all loop constructs)

Before MidSem Test: Until “introduction to pointers”

Introduction
Coverage schedule

Tentative schedule for coverage

Before Class Test 1: Until “iterations” (all loop constructs)

Before MidSem Test: Until “introduction to pointers”

Before Class Test 2: Until “linked structures”

Introduction
Coverage schedule

Tentative schedule for coverage

Before Class Test 1: Until “iterations” (all loop constructs)

Before MidSem Test: Until “introduction to pointers”

Before Class Test 2: Until “linked structures”

Before EndSem Test: Everything

Introduction
Contacts

Contacts
Introduction
Contacts

Contacts

Instructors
Introduction
Contacts

Contacts

Instructors
Sections 1,2: Goutam Biswas, CSE-207, 81437
goutam@cse.iitkgp.ernet.in
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼goutam/
Introduction
Contacts

Contacts

Instructors
Sections 1,2: Goutam Biswas, CSE-207, 81437
goutam@cse.iitkgp.ernet.in
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼goutam/
Sections 3,4: Abhijit Das, CSE-123, 82350
abhij@cse.iitkgp.ernet.in
http://www.cse-web.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼abhij/
Introduction
Contacts

Contacts

Instructors
Sections 1,2: Goutam Biswas, CSE-207, 81437
goutam@cse.iitkgp.ernet.in
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼goutam/
Sections 3,4: Abhijit Das, CSE-123, 82350
abhij@cse.iitkgp.ernet.in
http://www.cse-web.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼abhij/
Sections 5,6: Dipankar Sarkar, CSE-115, 83492
ds@cse.iitkgp.ernet.in
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼ds/
Introduction
Contacts

Contacts

Instructors
Sections 1,2: Goutam Biswas, CSE-207, 81437
goutam@cse.iitkgp.ernet.in
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼goutam/
Sections 3,4: Abhijit Das, CSE-123, 82350
abhij@cse.iitkgp.ernet.in
http://www.cse-web.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼abhij/
Sections 5,6: Dipankar Sarkar, CSE-115, 83492
ds@cse.iitkgp.ernet.in
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼ds/

Course web-page:
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼pds/
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼pds/notes/
Introduction
Structure of a C program

How to write C programs

Skeleton of a C program
Introduction
Structure of a C program

How to write C programs

Skeleton of a C program
Include header files
Introduction
Structure of a C program

How to write C programs

Skeleton of a C program
Include header files

Declare global variables, constants and function prototypes

Introduction
Structure of a C program

How to write C programs

Skeleton of a C program
Include header files

Declare global variables, constants and function prototypes

Function bodies
Introduction
Structure of a C program

How to write C programs

Skeleton of a C program
Include header files

Declare global variables, constants and function prototypes

Function bodies

There must be a main function in any C program.

Introduction
Structure of a C program
An example

A complete example

#include <stdio.h>

#define PI_4_BY_3 4.1887902048

double radius = 10;

double sphereVol ( double r )

{
return PI_4_BY_3 * r * r * r;
}

main ()
{
double area;
area = sphereVol(radius);
printf("Radius = %lf, volume = %lf.\n", radius, area);
}
Introduction
Some simple C programs
The traditional starter

The traditional starter

#include <stdio.h>

main ()
{
printf("Hello, world!\n");
}
Introduction
Some simple C programs
The traditional starter

The traditional starter

#include <stdio.h>

main ()
{
printf("Hello, world!\n");
}

This program takes no input, but outputs the string

“Hello, world!”
in a line.
Introduction
Some simple C programs
The short-circuit program

The short-circuit program

#include <stdio.h>

main ()
{
int n;

scanf("%d",&n);
printf("%d\n",n);
}
Introduction
Some simple C programs
The short-circuit program

The short-circuit program

#include <stdio.h>

main ()
{
int n;

scanf("%d",&n);
printf("%d\n",n);
}

This program accepts an integer as input and outputs the same

integer.
Introduction
Some simple C programs
The square finder

The square finder

#include <stdio.h>

main ()
{
int n;

scanf("%d",&n);
printf("%d\n",n*n);
}
Introduction
Some simple C programs
The square finder

The square finder

#include <stdio.h>

main ()
{
int n;

scanf("%d",&n);
printf("%d\n",n*n);
}

This program takes an integer n as input and outputs the

square n2 of n.
Introduction
Some simple C programs
A faulty reciprocal finder

A faulty reciprocal finder

#include <stdio.h>

main ()
{
int n;

scanf("%d",&n);
printf("%d\n",1/n);
}
Introduction
Some simple C programs
A faulty reciprocal finder

A faulty reciprocal finder

#include <stdio.h>

main ()
{
int n;

scanf("%d",&n);
printf("%d\n",1/n);
}

The division 1/n is of integers (quotient).

Introduction
Some simple C programs
A faulty reciprocal finder

A faulty reciprocal finder

#include <stdio.h>

main ()
{
int n;

scanf("%d",&n);
printf("%d\n",1/n);
}

The division 1/n is of integers (quotient).

The format %d is for printing integers.

Introduction
Some simple C programs
The correct reciprocal finder

The correct reciprocal finder

#include <stdio.h>

main ()
{
int n;

scanf("%d",&n);
printf("%f\n",1.0/n);
}
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Log in

Getting started
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Log in

Getting started

Switch on your monitor.

Introduction
PDS laboratory
Log in

Getting started

Switch on your monitor.

Switch on your PC.
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Log in

Getting started

Switch on your monitor.

Switch on your PC.
Allow the machine to boot. Wait until the log in prompt
comes.
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Log in

Getting started

Switch on your monitor.

Switch on your PC.
Allow the machine to boot. Wait until the log in prompt
comes.
Supply your log-in and password:
Login: s<nn>
Password: s<nn>
Here s is your section (a for 1, b for 2, and so on)
<nn> is the number of your PC.
This opens your window manager (usually KDE) with
icons, the bottom panel, and so on. You are now ready to
start your work.
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Edit, compile and run

Getting started
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Edit, compile and run

Getting started

Click on the terminal icon to open a shell (command

prompt).
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Edit, compile and run

Getting started

Click on the terminal icon to open a shell (command

prompt).
Edit your program (new or already existing) by an editor.
emacs myprog.c &
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Edit, compile and run

Getting started

Click on the terminal icon to open a shell (command

prompt).
Edit your program (new or already existing) by an editor.
emacs myprog.c &
Write your program in the editor and save it.
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Edit, compile and run

Getting started

Click on the terminal icon to open a shell (command

prompt).
Edit your program (new or already existing) by an editor.
emacs myprog.c &
Write your program in the editor and save it.
Go to the shell and compile your program:
cc myprog.c
If compilation is successful, an executable called a.out
will be created.
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Edit, compile and run

Getting started

Click on the terminal icon to open a shell (command

prompt).
Edit your program (new or already existing) by an editor.
emacs myprog.c &
Write your program in the editor and save it.
Go to the shell and compile your program:
cc myprog.c
If compilation is successful, an executable called a.out
will be created.
Run your program:
./a.out
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Edit, compile and run

Getting started

Click on the terminal icon to open a shell (command

prompt).
Edit your program (new or already existing) by an editor.
emacs myprog.c &
Write your program in the editor and save it.
Go to the shell and compile your program:
cc myprog.c
If compilation is successful, an executable called a.out
will be created.
Run your program:
./a.out
Continue your edit-compile-debug-run-debug cycle.
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Shut down

Getting started
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Shut down

Getting started

Close all the windows you opened.

Introduction
PDS laboratory
Shut down

Getting started

Close all the windows you opened.

Log out from your window manager. This leaves you again
in the log-in console.
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Shut down

Getting started

Close all the windows you opened.

Log out from your window manager. This leaves you again
in the log-in console.
Select the item to shut down the machine. Wait until the
machine completely shuts down.
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Shut down

Getting started

Close all the windows you opened.

Log out from your window manager. This leaves you again
in the log-in console.
Select the item to shut down the machine. Wait until the
machine completely shuts down.
Switch off your monitor.
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using emacs

Using emacs
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using emacs

Using emacs

emacs is a powerful text editor.

Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using emacs

Using emacs

emacs is a powerful text editor.

Run emacs as: emacs myprog.c &
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using emacs

Using emacs

emacs is a powerful text editor.

Run emacs as: emacs myprog.c &
Type in your program in the text area
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using emacs

Using emacs

emacs is a powerful text editor.

Run emacs as: emacs myprog.c &
Type in your program in the text area
Navigate with mouse and cursor keys
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using emacs

Using emacs

emacs is a powerful text editor.

Run emacs as: emacs myprog.c &
Type in your program in the text area
Navigate with mouse and cursor keys
Save your file before closing emacs.
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using emacs

Using emacs

emacs is a powerful text editor.

Run emacs as: emacs myprog.c &
Type in your program in the text area
Navigate with mouse and cursor keys
Save your file before closing emacs.
“File -> Save (Current buffer)”
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using emacs

Using emacs

emacs is a powerful text editor.

Run emacs as: emacs myprog.c &
Type in your program in the text area
Navigate with mouse and cursor keys
Save your file before closing emacs.
“File -> Save (Current buffer)”
Click the save button (disk)
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using emacs

Using emacs

emacs is a powerful text editor.

Run emacs as: emacs myprog.c &
Type in your program in the text area
Navigate with mouse and cursor keys
Save your file before closing emacs.
“File -> Save (Current buffer)”
Click the save button (disk)
“File -> Save buffer as” (to another file)
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using emacs

Using emacs

emacs is a powerful text editor.

Run emacs as: emacs myprog.c &
Type in your program in the text area
Navigate with mouse and cursor keys
Save your file before closing emacs.
“File -> Save (Current buffer)”
Click the save button (disk)
“File -> Save buffer as” (to another file)
Save your file once in every 15 minutes.
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using gvim

Using gvim
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using gvim

Using gvim

gvim is another powerful text editor.

Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using gvim

Using gvim

gvim is another powerful text editor.

Run gvim as: gvim myprog.c
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using gvim

Using gvim

gvim is another powerful text editor.

Run gvim as: gvim myprog.c
Hit Insert before you start typing matter
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using gvim

Using gvim

gvim is another powerful text editor.

Run gvim as: gvim myprog.c
Hit Insert before you start typing matter
You will exit the insert mode if you hit Insert when you are
already in the insert mode
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using gvim

Using gvim

gvim is another powerful text editor.

Run gvim as: gvim myprog.c
Hit Insert before you start typing matter
You will exit the insert mode if you hit Insert when you are
already in the insert mode
Hit Esc to exit insert mode
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using gvim

Using gvim

gvim is another powerful text editor.

Run gvim as: gvim myprog.c
Hit Insert before you start typing matter
You will exit the insert mode if you hit Insert when you are
already in the insert mode
Hit Esc to exit insert mode
When in doubt, it is safe to hit Esc several times to come
back to view mode
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using gvim

Using gvim

gvim is another powerful text editor.

Run gvim as: gvim myprog.c
Hit Insert before you start typing matter
You will exit the insert mode if you hit Insert when you are
already in the insert mode
Hit Esc to exit insert mode
When in doubt, it is safe to hit Esc several times to come
back to view mode
Navigate with mouse and cursor keys
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using gvim

Using gvim

gvim is another powerful text editor.

Run gvim as: gvim myprog.c
Hit Insert before you start typing matter
You will exit the insert mode if you hit Insert when you are
already in the insert mode
Hit Esc to exit insert mode
When in doubt, it is safe to hit Esc several times to come
back to view mode
Navigate with mouse and cursor keys
You need to save the file by clicking on the appropriate
icon (disk).
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using gvim

Using gvim

gvim is another powerful text editor.

Run gvim as: gvim myprog.c
Hit Insert before you start typing matter
You will exit the insert mode if you hit Insert when you are
already in the insert mode
Hit Esc to exit insert mode
When in doubt, it is safe to hit Esc several times to come
back to view mode
Navigate with mouse and cursor keys
You need to save the file by clicking on the appropriate
icon (disk).
Save your file once in every 15 minutes.
Introduction
PDS laboratory
A practice program

A practice program

#include <stdio.h>

char name[100];
int i;

main ()
{
printf("Hello, may I know your full name? ");
scanf("%s",name);
printf("Welcome %s.\n",name);
printf("Your name printed backward is : ");
for (i=strlen(name)-1; i>=0; --i)
printf("%c",name[i]);
printf("\n");
}
Introduction
PDS laboratory
A corrected version

A practice program (corrected)

#include <stdio.h>

char name[100];
int i;

main ()
{
printf("Hello, may I know your full name? ");
fgets(name,100,stdin);
name[strlen(name)-1] = ’\0’;
printf("Welcome %s.\n",name);
printf("Your name printed backward is : ");
for (i=strlen(name)-1; i>=0; --i)
printf("%c",name[i]);
printf("\n");
}
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using a web browser

Using a web browser

Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using a web browser

Using a web browser

Open a web browser: mozilla or konqueror.

Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using a web browser

Using a web browser

Open a web browser: mozilla or konqueror.

Set a proxy:
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using a web browser

Using a web browser

Open a web browser: mozilla or konqueror.

Set a proxy:
144.16.192.213:8080
144.16.192.216:7777
144.16.192.245:8080
144.16.192.247:8080
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using a web browser

Using a web browser

Open a web browser: mozilla or konqueror.

Set a proxy:
144.16.192.213:8080
144.16.192.216:7777
144.16.192.245:8080
144.16.192.247:8080
Bypass proxy for local machines.
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using a web browser

Using a web browser

Open a web browser: mozilla or konqueror.

Set a proxy:
144.16.192.213:8080
144.16.192.216:7777
144.16.192.245:8080
144.16.192.247:8080
Bypass proxy for local machines.
Type in a URL (web address) in the location field
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using a web browser

Using a web browser

Open a web browser: mozilla or konqueror.

Set a proxy:
144.16.192.213:8080
144.16.192.216:7777
144.16.192.245:8080
144.16.192.247:8080
Bypass proxy for local machines.
Type in a URL (web address) in the location field
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼pds/
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using a web browser

Using a web browser

Open a web browser: mozilla or konqueror.

Set a proxy:
144.16.192.213:8080
144.16.192.216:7777
144.16.192.245:8080
144.16.192.247:8080
Bypass proxy for local machines.
Type in a URL (web address) in the location field
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼pds/
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼pds/notes/
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using a web browser

Using a web browser

Open a web browser: mozilla or konqueror.

Set a proxy:
144.16.192.213:8080
144.16.192.216:7777
144.16.192.245:8080
144.16.192.247:8080
Bypass proxy for local machines.
Type in a URL (web address) in the location field
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼pds/
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼pds/notes/
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼adas/
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using a web browser

Using a web browser

Open a web browser: mozilla or konqueror.

Set a proxy:
144.16.192.213:8080
144.16.192.216:7777
144.16.192.245:8080
144.16.192.247:8080
Bypass proxy for local machines.
Type in a URL (web address) in the location field
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼pds/
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼pds/notes/
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼adas/
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼adas/course/lab/PDS/Spring06/
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using a web browser

Using a web browser

Open a web browser: mozilla or konqueror.

Set a proxy:
144.16.192.213:8080
144.16.192.216:7777
144.16.192.245:8080
144.16.192.247:8080
Bypass proxy for local machines.
Type in a URL (web address) in the location field
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼pds/
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼pds/notes/
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼adas/
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼adas/course/lab/PDS/Spring06/
http://sit.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼chitta/courses/pds/slides/starter.html
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Using a web browser

Using a web browser

Open a web browser: mozilla or konqueror.

Set a proxy:
144.16.192.213:8080
144.16.192.216:7777
144.16.192.245:8080
144.16.192.247:8080
Bypass proxy for local machines.
Type in a URL (web address) in the location field
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼pds/
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼pds/notes/
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼adas/
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼adas/course/lab/PDS/Spring06/
http://sit.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼chitta/courses/pds/slides/starter.html
http://10.14.0.4/ wbcm/
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Assignments and submissions

Assignments and submissions

Introduction
PDS laboratory
Assignments and submissions

Assignments and submissions

Click the link on the day’s assignment.

Introduction
PDS laboratory
Assignments and submissions

Assignments and submissions

Click the link on the day’s assignment.

If your assignment is a PDF file, save it to your machine.
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Assignments and submissions

Assignments and submissions

Click the link on the day’s assignment.

If your assignment is a PDF file, save it to your machine.
Use xpdf in order to view PDF files.
xpdf newassgn.pdf
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Assignments and submissions

Assignments and submissions

Click the link on the day’s assignment.

If your assignment is a PDF file, save it to your machine.
Use xpdf in order to view PDF files.
xpdf newassgn.pdf
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼pds/2007s/notes.html
http://sit.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼chitta/courses/pds/slides/
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Assignments and submissions

Assignments and submissions

Click the link on the day’s assignment.

If your assignment is a PDF file, save it to your machine.
Use xpdf in order to view PDF files.
xpdf newassgn.pdf
http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼pds/2007s/notes.html
http://sit.iitkgp.ernet.in/∼chitta/courses/pds/slides/

Consult your lab instructor to know how to submit your

programs.
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Some useful Unix commands

Some useful Unix commands

Introduction
PDS laboratory
Some useful Unix commands

Some useful Unix commands

Create a directory: mkdir progs

Introduction
PDS laboratory
Some useful Unix commands

Some useful Unix commands

Create a directory: mkdir progs

Go to a new directory: cd progs/
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Some useful Unix commands

Some useful Unix commands

Create a directory: mkdir progs

Go to a new directory: cd progs/
Go to the parent directory: cd ../
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Some useful Unix commands

Some useful Unix commands

Create a directory: mkdir progs

Go to a new directory: cd progs/
Go to the parent directory: cd ../
List all files in a directory: ls -lF
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Some useful Unix commands

Some useful Unix commands

Create a directory: mkdir progs

Go to a new directory: cd progs/
Go to the parent directory: cd ../
List all files in a directory: ls -lF
View a file: cat filename
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Some useful Unix commands

Some useful Unix commands

Create a directory: mkdir progs

Go to a new directory: cd progs/
Go to the parent directory: cd ../
List all files in a directory: ls -lF
View a file: cat filename
Copy a file to another: cp file1.c file2.c
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Some useful Unix commands

Some useful Unix commands

Create a directory: mkdir progs

Go to a new directory: cd progs/
Go to the parent directory: cd ../
List all files in a directory: ls -lF
View a file: cat filename
Copy a file to another: cp file1.c file2.c
Copy a file to a directory: cp file1.c progs/file3.c
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Some useful Unix commands

Some useful Unix commands

Create a directory: mkdir progs

Go to a new directory: cd progs/
Go to the parent directory: cd ../
List all files in a directory: ls -lF
View a file: cat filename
Copy a file to another: cp file1.c file2.c
Copy a file to a directory: cp file1.c progs/file3.c
Move a file to another: mv file1.c file2.c
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Some useful Unix commands

Some useful Unix commands

Create a directory: mkdir progs

Go to a new directory: cd progs/
Go to the parent directory: cd ../
List all files in a directory: ls -lF
View a file: cat filename
Copy a file to another: cp file1.c file2.c
Copy a file to a directory: cp file1.c progs/file3.c
Move a file to another: mv file1.c file2.c
Move a file to a directory: mv file1.c progs/file3.c
Introduction
PDS laboratory
Some useful Unix commands

Some useful Unix commands

Create a directory: mkdir progs

Go to a new directory: cd progs/
Go to the parent directory: cd ../
List all files in a directory: ls -lF
View a file: cat filename
Copy a file to another: cp file1.c file2.c
Copy a file to a directory: cp file1.c progs/file3.c
Move a file to another: mv file1.c file2.c
Move a file to a directory: mv file1.c progs/file3.c
Delete a file: rm filename