Experiment 7: Voltmeter Using PMMC: I. Objectives

EXPERIMENT 7: VOLTMETER USING PMMC
I. OBJECTIVES
1. To design an Voltmeter using PMMC with the range of 5V,10V and 15V.
2. To determine the percentage difference of the measured PMMC(Permanent
magnet moving coil) and DMM(Digital Multimeter).
II. DISCUSSION
VOLTMETER
A voltmeter is an instrument used for measuring electrical potential difference
between two points in an electric circuit. Analog voltmeters move a pointer across a
scale in proportion to the voltage of the circuit; digital voltmeters give a numerical
display of voltage by use of an analog to digital converter.
Voltmeters are made in a wide range of styles. Instruments permanently mounted in
a panel are used to monitor generators or other fixed apparatus. Portable
instruments, usually equipped to also measure current and resistance in the form of
a multimeter, are standard test instruments used in electrical and electronics work.
Any measurement that can be converted to a voltage can be displayed on a meter
that is suitably calibrated; for example, pressure, temperature, flow or level in a
chemical process plant.
PERMANENT MAGNET MOVING COIL

The permanent magnet moving coil instrument or PMMC type instrument uses two
permanent magnets in order to create stationary magnetic field. These types of
instruments are only used for measuring the dc quantities as if we apply ac current
to these type of instruments the direction of current will be reversed during
negative half cycle and hence the direction of torque will also be reversed which
gives average value of torque zero. The pointer will not deflect due to high
frequency from its mean position showing zero reading. However it can measure the
direct current very accurately.
PERMANENT MAGNET MOVING COIL DC VOLTMETER
D.C Voltmeter is always connect in parallel with the element being measured, and
measures the voltage between the points across which its connected. Most d.c
voltmeter employ PMMC meter with series resistor as shown. The series resistance
should be much larger than the impedance of the circuit being measured, and they
are usually much larger than Rm
Figure 1: SAMPLE CIRCUIT OF PMMC DC VOLTMETER
III. MATERIALS
Quantity
4
1
1
1
1
1
IV. WIRING DIAGRAM
Description
1k
680
1800
Power Supply
Galvanometer
breadboard
Fig
ure 2: Design Circuit Diagram (Range:5,10,15V)
V. PROCEDURE
1. Construct the circuit as shown in Figure 2.
2. Measure the Voltage Using PMMC and DMM reading.
3. Complete Table 2.1
VI. DATA AND RESULT
Table 2.1
RANGE:5V
VOLTAGE
1V
2V
5V
RANGE:10V
VOLTAGE
6V
PMMC
DMM
1.05V
2.1V
5V
1.110V
2.060V
5.05V
PMMC
DMM
6V
6.03V
%
DIFFERENCE
5.4%
1.9%
0.9%
%
DIFFERENCE
0.4%
8V
10V
RANGE:15V
VOLTAGE
8V
10V
8.06V
10.02V
0.7%
0.1%
PMMC
DMM
12V
13.5V
15V
12V
13.46V
14.99V
%
DIFFERENCE
0%
0.2%
0.06%
12V
13.5V
15V
Sample Computation:
Computation Of The Design Circuit
S= I/10ma=100/V
Rs1=(S*V)-Rm=5V(100/V)-4.5 = 495.5
Rs2=(S*V)-Rm-=10V(100/V)-4.5-495.5 = 500
Rs3=(S*V)-Rm=15V(100/V)-4.5-495.5 -500 = 500
Parallel of the resistor
Rs1 = 680 ||1800 = 494
Rs2 = 1000 ||1000 = 500
Rs3 = 1000 ||1000 = 500
% DIFFERENCE=|True Value Measured Value/True Value|*100

Range: 5V
|(1.110V-1.05V)/1.110V| x 100
=5.4%
|(8.06V-8V)/8.06V| x 100
=0.7%
|(2.060-2.1V)/2.060V| x 100
=1.9%
|(10.02V-10V)/10.02V| x 100
=0.1%
|(5.05V-5V)/5.05V| x 100 =
0.9%
Range: 15V
Range: 10V
|(6.03V-6V)/6.03V| x 100
=0.4%
|(12V-12V)/12V| x 100 =0%

|(13.46V-13.5V)/13.46V| x 100
=0.2%
|(14.99V-15V)/14.99V| x 100
= 0.06%
VII. PICTURES OF THE EXPERIMENT PERFORM
Figure 3: Cicuit Design (Voltmeter using PMMC)
Figure 4: Reading of Voltage Using PMMC and DMM with 12V Supply
(Range:15V).
Figure 5: Measured value of Voltage using PMMC and DMM Instruments

with 8V Supply (Range:10 V).
Figure 6: Measured value of Voltage using PMMC and DMM Instruments

with 2V Supply (Range:5V).
VIII. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS

The student have analyzed that from the given results, the voltage
measured in the system depends on the voltage parallel with the
galvanometer. The voltage measured using the PMMC is almost the same or
approximately equal to the voltage measure using digital multi-meter.
IX. CONCLUSION
The student have concluded that by adding some resistors connected
to the PMMC the student can design a multirange voltmeter. The student also
noticed that the measured value of voltage using PMMC and Digital
multimeter is approximately the same so the percentage difference of the
experiment decreases.

Experiment 7: Voltmeter Using PMMC: I. Objectives

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EXPERIMENT 7: VOLTMETER USING PMMC

PERMANENT MAGNET MOVING COIL

PERMANENT MAGNET MOVING COIL DC VOLTMETER

Figure 1: SAMPLE CIRCUIT OF PMMC DC VOLTMETER

IV. WIRING DIAGRAM

VI. DATA AND RESULT

% DIFFERENCE=|True Value Measured Value/True Value|*100

|(12V-12V)/12V| x 100 =0%

VII. PICTURES OF THE EXPERIMENT PERFORM

Figure 3: Cicuit Design (Voltmeter using PMMC)

Figure 5: Measured value of Voltage using PMMC and DMM Instruments

Figure 6: Measured value of Voltage using PMMC and DMM Instruments

VIII. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS

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