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    Theory Name Descriptio N Example Pro Against Commen T (Ranking)

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    Sugaintheran Muniandy
    The document outlines several moral theories - cultural relativism, ethical egoism, Kantianism, act utilitarianism, rule utilitarianism, social contract theory, subjective relativism, and divine command theory. Each theory is described along with an example of how it could apply and potential pros and cons. A ranking is provided from 1 to 8 on the perceived validity of each theory. The comment concludes that moral rules aim to benefit society and people by maintaining order and positive outcomes.

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    Theory Name Descriptio N Example Pro Against Commen T (Ranking)

    Uploaded by

    Sugaintheran Muniandy
    57 views3 pages
    The document outlines several moral theories - cultural relativism, ethical egoism, Kantianism, act utilitarianism, rule utilitarianism, social contract theory, subjective relativism, and divine command theory. Each theory is described along with an example of how it could apply and potential pros and cons. A ranking is provided from 1 to 8 on the perceived validity of each theory. The comment concludes that moral rules aim to benefit society and people by maintaining order and positive outcomes.

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    The document outlines several moral theories - cultural relativism, ethical egoism, Kantianism, act utilitarianism, rule utilitarianism, social contract theory, subjective relativism, and divine command theory. Each theory is described along with an example of how it could apply and potential pros and cons. A ranking is provided from 1 to 8 on the perceived validity of each theory. The comment concludes that moral rules aim to benefit society and people by maintaining order and positive outcomes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    57 views3 pages

    Theory Name Descriptio N Example Pro Against Commen T (Ranking)

    Uploaded by

    Sugaintheran Muniandy
    The document outlines several moral theories - cultural relativism, ethical egoism, Kantianism, act utilitarianism, rule utilitarianism, social contract theory, subjective relativism, and divine command theory. Each theory is described along with an example of how it could apply and potential pros and cons. A ranking is provided from 1 to 8 on the perceived validity of each theory. The comment concludes that moral rules aim to benefit society and people by maintaining order and positive outcomes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Theory

    Name

    Descriptio
    n

    Example

    Pro

    Against

    Cultural
    Relativism

    Relativism
    postulates
    there are no
    universal
    moral norms
    for Right &
    Wrong for
    society and
    hence its
    members

    Death
    penalty is
    right
    response of
    society for
    certain
    crimes; vs.
    death
    penalty is a
    crime of
    society
    Slavery is
    great for
    those who
    arent
    slaves

    Different
    social
    contexts
    demand
    different
    moral
    guidelines

    Does not
    explain how
    an
    individual
    discovers
    moral
    guidelines

    Acknowledg
    es focus on
    our own
    well-being

    Chip plant
    manager
    embarks on
    hiring new
    employees
    to finish a
    major
    project

    Offers
    universal
    moral
    guidelines

    Injustice can
    occur when
    powerful
    individuals
    put their
    own
    interests
    first
    No single
    rule fully
    characterize
    s all actions

    Prison
    location

    Down-toearth and
    easily
    applied,
    assuming
    due
    diligence

    Hard to
    define
    boundaries
    to draw the
    line

    Exceptional
    situations
    do not
    overthrow
    moral rules

    Ignores
    apparent
    unjust
    distribution
    of good
    consequenc

    Ethical
    Egoism

    Kantianis
    m

    Act
    Utilitariani
    sm

    Rule
    Utilitariani
    sm

    Each person
    should focus
    exclusively on
    ones selfinterest

    A method of
    reasoning to
    determine
    universal
    morals, based
    on Categorical
    Imperative, CI,
    i.e. the bonafide will behind
    actions
    An action is
    right or wrong
    to the extent
    that it
    increases or
    decreases the
    total happiness
    of affected
    members of
    society
    Adopt moral
    rules which, if
    followed by
    everyone, will
    lead to the
    greatest total

    A must
    keep
    promise of
    repaying B
    1000 $,
    even if it

    Commen
    t
    (Ranking
    )

    happiness of
    society

    Social
    Contract

    Subjective
    Relativism

    Divine
    Command
    Theory

    Morality
    consists of
    rules how
    people treat
    one another,
    rules that
    rational people
    accept for
    mutual benefit,
    on the
    condition all
    others follow
    those rules

    Subjective
    Relativism
    postulates that
    there are no
    universal
    moral norms
    for Right &
    Wrong for an
    individual
    In Subjective
    Relativism a
    person decides
    Right & Wrong
    Good actions
    are those
    aligned with
    the will of God

    would be of
    1001 $
    advantage
    to A to
    break it;
    keeping
    promises is
    a rule with
    high utility
    drug
    addicts, or
    mentally
    handicappe
    d

    Ali taking
    home the
    pencil and
    paper at
    work

    What can
    the bible tell
    us about
    Internet
    conflicts?

    es among
    wide
    spectrum of
    society
    members

    Benefits
    under
    capitalist
    freedom:
    When all
    members
    are allowed
    to act like
    vultures, but
    under
    guidance of
    social
    contract, all
    end up
    acting like
    doves

    Can be
    unjust to
    those who
    are unable
    uphold their
    side of the
    contract

    Intelligent
    people can
    have
    opposite
    opinions
    about moral
    issues, and
    live
    [sometimes]
    happily
    together

    What is
    right and
    what you
    do, are not
    always
    clearly
    drawn

    God is allgood, allknowing and


    the ultimate
    authority

    There are
    many holy
    books, but
    some
    disagree, a
    few strongly

    Comment:
    Based on the picture above, we able to conclude that rule is related morale
    activities which bring positive effect to people and society. The purpose of each rule
    are same and the morale of the society only can be maintain using rule.

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