What Is MVC?: View Controller Model
What Is MVC?: View Controller Model
What Is MVC?: View Controller Model
This article on Interview Questions and Answers of MVC basically covers most of the MVC 2, MVC
3 and MVC 4 topics that are most likely to be asked in job interviews/tests/exams.
The sole purpose of this article is to sum up important questions and answers that can be used
by developers to brush-up all about MVC before they take any interview of the same kind.
What is MVC?
MVC is a framework pattern that splits an applications implementation logic into three
component roles: models, views, and controllers.
Model: The business entity on which the overall application operates. Many applications use a
persistent storage mechanism (such as a database) to store data. MVC does not specifically
mention the data access layer because it is understood to be encapsulated by the Model.
View: The user interface that renders the Model into a form of interaction.
Controller: Handles a request from a View and updates the Model that results in a change of the
Model's state.
To implement MVC in .NET, we need mainly three classes (View, Controller and the Model).
The architecture is self explanatory. The browser (as usual) sends a request to IIS, IIS searches for
the route defined in MVC application and passes the request to the controller as per route, the
controller communicates with the model and passes the populated model (entity) to View (front
end), Views are populated with model properties, and are rendered on the browser, passing the
response to browser through IIS via controllers which invoked the particular View.
o
o
o
o
App initialization
Routing
Instantiate and execute controller
Locate and invoke controller action
Instantiate and render view
@model MvcMusicStore.Models.Genre
@{ViewBag.Title = "Browse Albums";}
<div class="genre">
<h3><em>@Model.Name</em> Albums</h3>
<ul id="album-list">
@foreach (var album in Model.Albums)
{
<li>
<a href="@Url.Action("Details", new { id = album.AlbumId })">
<img alt="@album.Title" src="@album.AlbumArtUrl" />
<span>@album.Title</span>
</a>
</li>
}
</ul>
</div>
The Razor syntax is easier to type, and easier to read. Razor doesnt have the XML-like heavy
syntax. of the Web Forms view engine.
Unobtrusive JavaScript is a general term that conveys a general philosophy, similar to the term
REST (Representational State Transfer). The high-level description is that unobtrusive JavaScript
doesnt intermix JavaScript code in your page markup. For example, rather than hooking in via
event attributes like onclick and onsubmit, the unobtrusive JavaScript attaches to elements by
their ID or class, often based on the presence of other attributes (such as HTML5 dataattributes).
Its got semantic meaning, and all of it the tag structure, element attributes, and so on
should have a precise meaning. Strewing JavaScript gunk across the page to facilitate interaction
(Im looking at you, __doPostBack!) harms the content of the document.
{
ContextCondition = (context => context.GetOverriddenUserAgent().IndexOf
("Windows Phone OS", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) >= 0)
});
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Windows 8
It runs on the following server operating systems:
What are the various types of Application Templates used to create an MVC
application?
The various templates are as follows:
1. The Internet Application template: This contains the beginnings of an MVC web application
enough so that you can run the application immediately after creating it and see a few pages.
This template also includes some basic account management functions which run against the
ASP.NET Membership.
2. The Intranet Application template: The Intranet Application template was added as part of the
ASP.NET MVC 3 Tools Update. It is similar to the Internet Application template, but the account
management functions run against Windows accounts rather than the ASP.NET Membership
system.
3. The Basic template: This template is pretty minimal. It still has the basic folders, CSS, and MVC
application infrastructure in place, but no more. Running an application created using the Empty
template just gives you an error message.
Why use Basic template? The Basic template is intended for experienced MVC developers who
want to set up and configure things exactly how they want them.
4. The Empty template: The Basic template used to be called the Empty template, but developers
complained that it wasnt quite empty enough. With MVC 4, the previous Empty template was
renamed Basic, and the new Empty template is about as empty as we can get. It has the
assemblies and basic folder structure in place, but thats about it.
5. The Mobile Application template: The Mobile Application template is preconfigured with jQuery
Mobile to jump-start creating a mobile only website. It includes mobile visual themes, a touchoptimized UI, and support for Ajax navigation.
6. The Web API template: ASP.NET Web API is a framework for creating HTTP services. The Web API
template is similar to the Internet Application template but is streamlined for Web API
development. For instance, there is no user account management functionality, as Web API
account management is often significantly different from standard MVC account management.
Web API functionality is also available in the other MVC project templates, and even in non-MVC
project types.
What are the default Top level directories created when adding MVC4
application?
Default Top level Directories are:
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DIRECTORY
/Controllers
PURPOSE
To put Controller classes that handle URL requests
/Models
/Views
HTML.
/Scripts
/Images
/Content
/Filters
/App_Data
/App_Start
To put classes that represent and manipulate data and business objects
To put UI template files that are responsible for rendering output like
To
To
To
To
To
To
What are the roles and similarities between ViewData and ViewBag?
Their value becomes null when any redirection occurs, because their role is to provide a way to
communicate between controllers and views. Its a communication mechanism within the server
call.
What are the differences between ViewData and ViewBag? (taken from a
blog)
What is TempData?
TempData is a dictionary derived from the TempDataDictionary class and stored in short
lives session. It is astring key and object value.
It keeps the information for the time of an HTTP Request. This means only from one page to
another. It helps to maintain data when we move from one controller to another controller or
from one action to other action. In other words, when we redirect Tempdata helps to maintain
data between those redirects. It internally uses session variables. Temp data use during the
current and subsequent request only means it is used when we are sure that the next request will
be redirecting to next view. It requires typecasting for complex data type and checks for null
values to avoid error. Generally it is used to store only one time messages like error messages,
validation messages.
How can you define a dynamic property with the help of viewbag in
ASP.NET MVC?
Assign a key name with syntax, ViewBag.[Key]=[ Value] and value using equal to operator.
For example, you need to assign list of students to the dynamic Students property of ViewBag.
Note: Some of the content has been taken from various books/articles.
View models differ from domain models in that view models only contain the data (represented
by properties) that you want to use on your view. For example, let's say that you want to add a
new employee record, your view model might look like this:
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As you can see, it only contains 2 of the properties of the employee domain model. Why is this
you may ask? Idmight not be set from the view, it might be auto generated by
the Employee table. AndDateCreated might also be set in the stored procedure or in the
service layer of your application. So Id and DateCreated is not needed in the view model.
When loading the view/page, the create action method in your employee controller will create an
instance of this view model, populate any fields if required, and then pass this view model to the
view:
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}
public ActionResult Create()
{
CreateEmployeeViewModel viewModel = new CreateEmployeeViewModel();
return View(viewModel);
}
public ActionResult Create(CreateEmployeeViewModel viewModel)
{
// Do what ever needs to be done before adding the employee to the database
}
}
Your view might look like this (assuming you are using ASP.NET MVC3 and razor):
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@model MyProject.Web.ViewModels.ProductCreateViewModel
<table>
<tr>
<td><b>First Name:</b></td>
<td>@Html.TextBoxFor(x => x.FirstName, new { maxlength = "50", size = "50" })
@Html.ValidationMessageFor(x => x.FirstName)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Last Name:</b></td>
<td>@Html.TextBoxFor(x => x.LastName, new { maxlength = "50", size = "50" })
@Html.ValidationMessageFor(x => x.LastName)
</td>
</tr>
</table>
Validation would thus be done only on FirstName and LastName. Using Fluent Validation, you
might have validation like this:
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The key thing to remember is that the view model only represents the data that you want use.
You can imagine all the unneccessary code and validation if you have a domain model with 30
properties and you only want to update a single value. Given this scenario, you would only have
this one value/property in the view model and not the whole domain object.
X-Requested-With = XMLHTTPREQUEST
MVC.NET provides helper function to check for ajax requests which internally inspects XRequested-With request header to set IsAjax flag.
SCAFFOLD
Empty
syntax.
Create
Delete
Details
the
DESCRIPTION
Creates empty view. Only the model type is specified using the model
Creates a view with a form for creating new instances of the model.
Generates a label and input field for each property of the model type.
Creates a view with a form for deleting existing instances of the model.
Displays a label and the current value for each property of the model.
Creates a view that displays a label and the value for each property of
Edit
List
model type.
Creates a view with a form for editing existing instances of the model.
Generates a label and input field for each property of the model type.
Creates a view with a table of model instances. Generates a column
for each property of the model type. Make sure to pass an
IEnumerable<YourModelType> to this view from your action method.
The view also contains links to actions for performing the
create/edit/delete operation.
Razor <span>@model.Message</span>
Web Forms <span><%: model.Message %></span>
Code expressions in Razor are always HTML encoded. This Web Forms syntax also automatically
HTML encodes the value.
Razor
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@{
int x = 123;
string y = ?because.?;
}
Web Forms
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<%
int x = 123;
string y = "because.";
%>
Namespace: System.Web.WebPages
Assembly: System.Web.WebPages.dll
However, the same can be achieved by checking requests header directly:
Request["X-Requested-With"] == XmlHttpRequest.
Explain combining text and markup in Views with the help of an example?
This example shows what intermixing text and markup looks like using Razor as compared to
Web Forms:
Razor
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Web Forms
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<script type="text/javascript">
function selectedIndexChanged() {
}
</script>
Invoke the method:
<%:Html.DropDownListFor(x => x.SelectedProduct,
new SelectList(Model.Users, "Value", "Text"),
"Please Select a User", new { id = "ddlUsers",
onchange="selectedIndexChanged()" })%>
It matches incoming requests that would not otherwise match a file on the file system and maps
the requests to a controller action.
It constructs outgoing URLs that correspond to controller actions.
@{
Layout = "~/Views/Shared/SiteLayout.cshtml";
}
What is ViewStart?
For group of views that all use the same layout, this can get a bit redundant and harder to
maintain.
The _ViewStart.cshtml page can be used to remove this redundancy. The code within this file is
executed before the code in any view placed in the same directory. This file is also recursively
applied to any view within a subdirectory.
When we create a default ASP.NET MVC project, we find there is already a _ViewStart .cshtml file
in the Viewsdirectory. It specifies a default layout:
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@{
Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
Because this code runs before any view, a view can override the Layout property and choose a
different one. If a set of views shares common settings, the _ViewStart.cshtml file is a useful place
to consolidate these common view settings. If any view needs to override any of the common
settings, the view can set those values to another value.
Note: Some of the content has been taken from various books/articles.
What is Html.ValidationSummary?
The ValidationSummary helper displays an unordered list of all validation errors in
the ModelState dictionary. The Boolean parameter you are using (with a value of true) is
telling the helper to exclude property-level errors. In other words, you are telling the summary to
display only the errors in ModelState associated with the model itself, and exclude any errors
associated with a specific model property. We will be displaying property-level errors separately.
Assume you have the following code somewhere in the controller action rendering the edit view:
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The first error is a model-level error, because you didnt provide a key (or provided an empty key)
to associate the error with a specific property. The second error you associated with
the Title property, so in your view it will not display in the validation summary area (unless you
remove the parameter to the helper method, or change the value to false). In this scenario, the
helper renders the following HTML:
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<div class="validation-summary-errors">
<ul>
<li>This is all wrong!</li>
</ul>
</div>
Other overloads of the ValidationSummary helper enable you to provide header text and set
specific HTML attributes.
NOTE: By convention, the ValidationSummary helper renders the CSS class validationsummary-errors along with any specific CSS classes you provide. The default MVC project
template includes some styling to display these items in red, which you can change in styles.css.
What is Html.Partial?
The Partial helper renders a partial view into a string. Typically, a partial view contains
reusable markup you want to render from inside multiple different views. Partial has four
overloads:
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What is Html.RenderPartial?
The RenderPartial helper is similar to Partial, but RenderPartial writes directly to the
response output stream instead of returning a string. For this reason, you must
place RenderPartial inside a code block instead of a code expression. To illustrate, the
following two lines of code render the same output to the output stream:
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@{Html.RenderPartial("AlbumDisplay "); }
@Html.Partial("AlbumDisplay ")
Conclusion
I hope we covered a lot of questions to brush-up. Since MVC is very vast now, I know we have
missed a lot stuff too. The content in the question and answer form is also taken from few
renowned books like Professional ASP.NET MVC4 from Wrox, and few of the content is taken
from my MVC articles posted earlier. My upcoming articles will provide interview questions
for EntityFramework too.
ASP.NET Web Forms uses Page controller pattern approach for rendering layout, whereas
ASP.NET MVC uses Front controller approach. In case of Page controller approach, every page
has its own controller, i.e., code-behind file that processes the request. On the other hand, in
ASP.NET MVC, a common controller for all pages processes the requests.
Follow the link for the difference between the ASP.NET MVC and ASP.NET WebForms.
5. Can you please explain the request flow in ASP.NET MVC framework?
Request flow for ASP.NET MVC framework is as follows:
Request hits the controller coming from client. Controller plays its role and decides which model
to use in order to serve the request further passing that model to view which then transforms the
model and generates an appropriate response that is rendered to the client.
MVC is architectural pattern which separates the representation and the user interaction. Its
divided in three broader sections, Model, View and Controller. Below is how each one of
them handles the task.
MVC 3
MVC 4
Razor
ASP.NET Web A
Refreshed and m
templatesNew m
Enhanced suppor
routes.MapRoute(
"View", // Route name
"View/ViewCustomer/{id}", // URL with parameters
new { controller = "Customer", action = "DisplayCustomer",
id = UrlParameter.Optional }); // Parameter defaults
How can we navigate from one view to other view using hyperlink?
By using ActionLink method as shown in the below code. The below code will create a simple
URL which help to navigate to the Home controller and invoke the GotoHome action.
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We can decorate the MVC action by HttpGet or HttpPost attribute to restrict the type of HTTP
calls. For instance you can see in the below code snippet the DisplayCustomer action can only
be invoked by HttpGet. If we try to make Http post on DisplayCustomer it will throw an error.
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[HttpGet]
public ViewResult DisplayCustomer(int id)
{
Customer objCustomer = Customers[id];
return View("DisplayCustomer",objCustomer);
}
Figure:-dynamic keyword
Session variables: - By using session variables we can maintain data from any entity to any
entity.
Hidden fields and HTML controls: - Helps to maintain data from UI to controller only. So you
can send data from HTML controls or hidden fields to the controller using POST or GET HTTP
methods.
Below is a summary table which shows different mechanism of persistence.
Maintains data between
Controller to Controller
Controller to View
View to Controller
ViewData/ViewBag TempData
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Hidden fields
No
No
Yes
Session
Yes
Yes
Yes
How did you create partial view and consume the same?
When you add a view to your project you need to check the Create partial view check box.
Figure:-createpartialview
Once the partial view is created you can then call the partial view in the main view using
Html.RenderPartial method as shown in the below code snippet.
<body>
<div>
<% Html.RenderPartial("MyView"); %>
</div>
</body>
In order to display the validation error message we need to use ValidateMessageFor method
which belongs to the Html helper class.
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Later in the controller we can check if the model is proper or not by using ModelState.IsValid
property and accordingly we can take actions.
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Below is a simple view of how the error message is displayed on the view.
What are the other data annotation attributes for validation in MVC?
If you want to check string length, you can use StringLength.
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[StringLength(160)]
public string FirstName { get; set; }
In case you want to use regular expression, you can use RegularExpression attribute.
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If you want to check whether the numbers are in range, you can use the Range attribute.
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Some time you would like to compare value of one field with other field, we can use the
Compare attribute.
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In case you want to get a particular error message , you can use the Errors collection.
If you have created the model object yourself you can explicitly call TryUpdateModel in your
controller to check if the object is valid or not.
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TryUpdateModel(NewCustomer);
In case you want add errors in the controller you can use AddModelError function.
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<%=DateTime.Now%>
@DateTime.Now
<authentication mode="Windows"/>
<authorization>
<deny users="?"/>
</authorization>
Then in the controller or on the action you can use the Authorize attribute which specifies
which users have access to these controllers and actions. Below is the code snippet for the same.
Now only the users specified in the controller and action can access the same.
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[Authorize(Users= @"WIN-3LI600MWLQN\Administrator")]
public class StartController : Controller
{
//
// GET: /Start/
[Authorize(Users = @"WIN-3LI600MWLQN\Administrator")]
public ActionResult Index()
{
return View("MyView");
}
}
<authentication mode="Forms">
<forms loginUrl="~/Home/Login"
</authentication>
timeout="2880"/>
We also need to create a controller where we will check the user is proper or not. If the user is
proper we will set the cookie value.
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All the other actions need to be attributed with Authorize attribute so that any unauthorized
user if he makes a call to these controllers it will redirect to the controller ( in this case the
controller is Login) which will do authentication.
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[Authorize]
PublicActionResult Default()
{
return View();
}
[Authorize]
publicActionResult About()
{
return View();
}
Ajax libraries
Jquery
Below is a simple sample of how to implement Ajax by using Ajax helper library. In the below
code you can see we have a simple form which is created by using Ajax.BeginForm syntax. This
form calls a controller action called as getCustomer. So now the submit action click will be an
asynchronous ajax call.
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<script language="javascript">
function OnSuccess(data1)
{
// Do something here
}
</script>
<div>
<%
var AjaxOpt = new AjaxOptions{OnSuccess="OnSuccess"};
%>
In case you want to make ajax calls on hyperlink clicks you can use Ajax.ActionLink function as
shown in the below code.
Below is the controller code. You can see how GetDate function has a pause of 10 seconds.
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The second way of making Ajax call in MVC is by using Jquery. In the below code you can see we
are making an ajax POST call to a URL /MyAjax/getCustomer. This is done by using $.post. All
this logic is put in to a function called as GetData and you can make a call to the GetData
function on a button or a hyper link click event as you want.
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function GetData()
{
var url = "/MyAjax/getCustomer";
$.post(url, function (data)
{
$("#txtCustomerCode").val(data.CustomerCode);
$("#txtCustomerName").val(data.CustomerName);
}
)
}
Note: -Its difficult to remember all the 12 types. But some important ones you can
remember for the interview are ActionResult, ViewResult and JsonResult. Below is a
detailed list for your interest.
There 12 kinds of results in MVC, at the top is ActionResultclass which is a base class that
canhave11subtypessas listed below: 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
The problem with inline action attribute is that it cannot be reused across controllers. So we can
convert the inline action filter to an action filter attribute. To create an action filter attribute we
need to inherit from ActionFilterAttribute and implement IActionFilter interface as shown in
the below code.
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Later we can decorate the controllers on which we want the action attribute to execute. You can
see in the below code I have decorated the Default1Controller with MyActionAttribute class
which was created in the previous code.
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[MyActionAttribute]
public class Default1Controller : Controller
{
public ActionResult Index(Customer obj)
{
return View(obj);
}
}
Yes, we can create our own custom view engine in MVC. To create our own custom view engine
we need to follow 3 steps:Let say we want to create a custom view engine where in the user can type a command like
<DateTime> and it should display the current date and time.
Step 1:- We need to create a class which implements IView interface. In this class we should
write the logic of how the view will be rendered in the render function. Below is a simple code
snippet for the same.
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Step 2 :-We need to create a class which inherits from VirtualPathProviderViewEngine and in
this class we need to provide the folder path and the extension of the view name. For instance for
razor the extension is cshtml , for aspx the view extension is .aspx , so in the same way for our
custom view we need to provide an extension. Below is how the code looks like. You can see the
ViewLocationFormats is set to the Views folder and the extension is .myview.
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Step 3:- We need to register the view in the custom view collection. The best place to register
the custom view engine in the ViewEngines collection is the global.asax file. Below is the code
snippet for the same.
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Below is a simple output of the custom view written using the commands defined at the top.
Figure:-customviewengineusingMVC
If you invoke this view you should see the following output.
Below is the JSON output of the above code if you invoke the action via the browser.
What is WebAPI?
HTTP is the most used protocol.For past many years browser was the most preferred client by
which we can consume data exposed over HTTP. But as years passed by client variety started
spreading out. We had demand to consume data on HTTP from clients like
mobile,javascripts,windows application etc.
For satisfying the broad range of client REST was the proposed approach. You can read more
about REST from WCF chapter.
WebAPI is the technology by which you can expose data over HTTP following REST principles.
But WCF SOAP also does the same thing, so how does WebAPI
differ?
SOAP
Size
Heavy weight because of complicated WSDL structure.
Protocol Independent of protocols.
To parse SOAP message, the client needs to understand
WSDL format. Writing custom code for parsing WSDL is a
Formats heavy duty task. If your client is smart enough to create
proxy objects like how we have in .NET (add reference) then
SOAP is easier to consume and call.
Principles SOAP follows WS-* specification.
WEB API
Light weight, only the necessary informat
Only for HTTP protocol
Step 3:-If you make a HTTP GET call you should get the below results.
DOTNET MVC 4 Basic Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers and Experienced
Developers
Below is the list of dotnet MVC 4 basic interview questions and answers. These MVC interview
questions and answers are meant for freshers as well as for experienced developers. So, If you going
for an interview on MVC, I suggest you to must give a look at following MVC interview questions.
These MVC interview questions are based on basic introduction to MVC, why we need MVC,
components of MVC, MVC namespaces, lifecycle of MVC application and a lot more. So lets have a
look on following basic dotnet MVC interview questions and answers.
1. What is MVC?
MVC is a framework methodology that divides an applications implementation into three component
roles: models, views, and controllers.
Main components of an MVC application?
1. M - Model
2. V - View
3. C - Controller
Models in a MVC based application are the components of the application that are responsible for
maintaining state. Often this state is persisted inside a database (for example: we might have a
Product class that is used to represent order data from the Products table inside SQL).
Views in a MVC based application are the components responsible for displaying the applications
user interface. Typically this UI is created off of the model data (for example: we might create an
Product Edit view that surfaces textboxes, dropdowns and checkboxes based on the current state of
a Product object).
Controllers in a MVC based application are the components responsible for handling end user
interaction, manipulating the model, and ultimately choosing a view to render to display UI. In a MVC
application the view is only about displaying information it is the controller that handles and
responds to user input and interaction.
2- What does Model, View and Controller represent in an MVC application?
Model: Model represents the application data domain. In short the applications business logic is
contained with in the model.
View: Views represent the user interface, with which the end users interact. In short the all the user
interface logic is contained with in the UI.
Controller: Controller is the component that responds to user actions. Based on the user actions, the
respective controller, work with the model, and selects a view to render that displays the user
interface. The user input logic is contained with in the controller.
3- In which assembly is the MVC framework defined?
System.Web.Mvc
4- What is the greatest advantage of using asp.net mvc over asp.net webforms?
It is difficult to unit test UI with webforms, where views in mvc can be very easily unit tested.
5- Which approach provides better support for test driven development - ASP.NET MVC or
ASP.NET Webforms?
ASP.NET MVC
6- What is Razor View Engine?
Razor view engine is a new view engine created with ASP.Net MVC model using specially designed
Razor parser to render the HTML out of dynamic server side code. It allows us to write Compact,
Expressive, Clean and Fluid code with new syntax to include server side code in to HTML.
7- What are the advantages of ASP.NET MVC?
Advantages of ASP.NET MVC:
1. Extensive support for TDD. With asp.net MVC, views can also be very easily unit tested.
2. Complex applications can be easily managed
3. Separation of concerns. Different aspects of the application can be divided into Model, View and
Controller.
4. ASP.NET MVC views are light weight, as they don't use viewstate.
8- Is it possible to unit test an MVC application without running the controllers in an ASP.NET
process?
Yes, all the features in an asp.net MVC application are interface based and hence mocking is much
easier. So, we don't have to run the controllers in an ASP.NET process for unit testing.
9- What is namespace of ASP.NET MVC?
ASP.NET MVC namespaces and classes are located in the System.Web.Mvc assembly.
System.Web.Mvc namespace
Contains classes and interfaces that support the MVC pattern for ASP.NET Web applications. This
namespace includes classes that represent controllers, controller factories, action results, views,
partial views, and model binders.
System.Web.Mvc.Ajax namespace
Contains classes that support Ajax scripts in an ASP.NET MVC application. The namespace includes
support for Ajax scripts and Ajax option settings.
System.Web.Mvc.Async namespace
Contains classes and interfaces that support asynchronous actions in an ASP.NET MVC application.
System.Web.Mvc.Html namespace
Contains classes that help render HTML controls in an MVC application. The namespace includes
classes that support forms, input controls, links, partial views, and validation.
10- Is it possible to share a view across multiple controllers?
Yes, put the view into the shared folder. This will automatically make the view available across
multiple controllers.
11- What is the role of a controller in an MVC application?
The controller responds to user interactions, with the application, by selecting the action method to
execute and selecting the view to render.
12- Where are the routing rules defined in an asp.net MVC application?
In Application_Start event in Global.asax
13- Name a few different return types of a controller action method?
The following are just a few return types of a controller action method. In general an action method
can return an instance of a any class that derives from ActionResult class.
1. ViewResult
2. JavaScriptResult
3. RedirectResult
4. ContentResult
5. JsonResult
14- What is the page lifecycle of an ASP.NET MVC?
Following process are performed by ASP.Net MVC page:
1) App initialization
2) Routing
3) Instantiate and execute controller
4) Locate and invoke controller action
5) Instantiate and render view
15- What is the significance of NonActionAttribute?
In general, all public methods of a controller class are treated as action methods. If you want prevent
this default behavior, just decorate the public method with NonActionAttribute.
16- What is the significance of ASP.NET routing?
ASP.NET MVC uses ASP.NET routing, to map incoming browser requests to controller action
methods. ASP.NET Routing makes use of route table. Route table is created when your web
application first starts. The route table is present in the Global.asax file.
17- How route table is created in ASP.NET MVC?
When an MVC application first starts, the Application_Start() method is called. This method, in turn,
calls the RegisterRoutes() method. The RegisterRoutes() method creates the route table.
18- What are the 3 segments of the default route, that is present in an ASP.NET MVC
application?
1st Segment - Controller Name
2nd Segment - Action Method Name
3rd Segment - Parameter that is passed to the action method
Example: http://google.com/search/label/MVC
Controller Name = search
Action Method Name = label
Parameter Id = MVC
19- ASP.NET MVC application, makes use of settings at 2 places for routing to work correctly.
What are these 2 places?
1. Web.Config File : ASP.NET routing has to be enabled here.
2. Global.asax File : The Route table is created in the application Start event handler, of the
Global.asax file.
20- What is the adavantage of using ASP.NET routing?
In an ASP.NET web application that does not make use of routing, an incoming browser request
should map to a physical file. If the file does not exist, we get page not found error.
An ASP.NET web application that does make use of routing, makes use of URLs that do not have to
map to specific files in a Web site. Because the URL does not have to map to a file, you can use
URLs that are descriptive of the user's action and therefore are more easily understood by users.
21- What are the 3 things that are needed to specify a route?
1. URL Pattern - You can include placeholders in a URL pattern so that variable data can be passed
to the request handler without requiring a query string.
2. Handler - The handler can be a physical file such as an .aspx file or a controller class.
3. Name for the Route - Name is optional.
22- Is the following route definition a valid route definition?
{controller}{action}/{id}
No, the above definition is not a valid route definition, because there is no literal value or delimiter
between the placeholders. Therefore, routing cannot determine where to separate the value for the
controller placeholder from the value for the action placeholder.
23- What is the use of the following default route?
{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}
This route definition, prevent requests for the Web resource files such as WebResource.axd or
ScriptResource.axd from being passed to a controller.
24- What is the difference between adding routes, to a webforms application and to an mvc
application?
To add routes to a webforms application, we use MapPageRoute() method of the RouteCollection
class, where as to add routes to an MVC application we use MapRoute() method.
25- How do you handle variable number of segments in a route definition?
Use a route with a catch-all parameter. An example is shown below. * is referred to as catch-all
parameter.
controller/{action}/{*parametervalues}
26- What are the 2 ways of adding constraints to a route?
1. Use regular expressions
2. Use an object that implements IRouteConstraint interface
27- Give 2 examples for scenarios when routing is not applied?
1. A Physical File is Found that Matches the URL Pattern - This default behaviour can be overriden by
setting the RouteExistingFiles property of the RouteCollection object to true.
2. Routing Is Explicitly Disabled for a URL Pattern - Use the RouteCollection.Ignore() method to
prevent routing from handling certain requests.
28- What is the use of action filters in an MVC application?
Action Filters allow us to add pre-action and post-action behavior to controller action methods.
29- If I have multiple filters implemented, what is the order in which these filters get executed?
1. Authorization filters
2. Action filters
3. Response filters
4. Exception filters
30- What are the different types of filters, in an asp.net mvc application?
1. Authorization filters
2. Action filters
3. Result filters
4. Exception filters
31- Give an example for Authorization filters in an asp.net mvc application?
1. RequireHttpsAttribute
2. AuthorizeAttribute
32- Which filter executes first in an asp.net mvc application?
Authorization filter
33- What are the levels at which filters can be applied in an asp.net mvc application?
1. Action Method
2. Controller
3. Application
34- Is it possible to create a custom filter?
Yes
35- What filters are executed in the end?
Exception Filters
36- Is it possible to cancel filter execution?
Yes
37- What type of filter does OutputCacheAttribute class represents?
Result Filter
38- What are the 2 popular asp.net mvc view engines?
1. Razor
2. .aspx
39- What is difference between Viewbag and Viewdata in ASP.NET MVC?
The basic difference between ViewData and ViewBag is that in ViewData instead creating dynamic
properties we use properties of Model to transport the Model data in View and in ViewBag we can
create dynamic properties without using Model data.
40- What symbol would you use to denote, the start of a code block in razor views?
@
41- What symbol would you use to denote, the start of a code block in aspx views?
<%= %>
In razor syntax, what is the escape sequence character for @ symbol?
The escape sequence character for @ symbol, is another @ symbol
42- When using razor views, do you have to take any special steps to protect your asp.net mvc
application from cross site scripting (XSS) attacks?
No, by default content emitted using a @ block is automatically HTML encoded to protect from cross
site scripting (XSS) attacks.
43- When using aspx view engine, to have a consistent look and feel, across all pages of the
application, we can make use of asp.net master pages. What is asp.net master pages
equivalent, when using razor views?
To have a consistent look and feel when using razor views, we can make use of layout pages. Layout
pages, reside in the shared folder, and are named as _Layout.cshtml
44- What are sections?
Layout pages, can define sections, which can then be overriden by specific views making use of the
layout. Defining and overriding sections is optional.
45- What are the file extensions for razor views?
1. .cshtml - If the programming lanugaue is C#
2. .vbhtml - If the programming lanugaue is VB
46- How do you specify comments using razor syntax?
Razor syntax makes use of @* to indicate the begining of a comment and *@ to indicate the end.
47- What is Routing?
A route is a URL pattern that is mapped to a handler. The handler can be a physical file, such as an
.aspx file in a Web Forms application. Routing module is responsible for mapping incoming browser
requests to particular MVC controller actions.
48- Is it possible to combine ASP.NET webforms and ASP.MVC and develop a single web
application?
Yes, it is possible to combine ASP.NET webforms and ASP.MVC and develop a single web
application.
49. How do you avoid XSS Vulnerabilities in ASP.NET MVC?
Use the syntax in ASP.NET MVC instead of using .net framework 4.0.