Electrical Machines

3
ELECTRICAL MACHINES
YEAR 2013
ONE MARK
MCQ 3.1
Leakage
(A) flux
(B) flux
(C) flux
(D) flux
flux in an induction motor is

that leaks through the machine
that links both stator and rotor windings
that links none of the windings
that links the stator winding or the rotor winding but not both
MCQ 3.2
The angle in the swing equation of a synchronous generator is the

(A) angle between stator voltage and current
(B) angular displacement of the rotor with respect to the stator
(C) angular displacement of the stator mmf with respect to a synchronously
rotating axis.
(D) angular displacement of an axis fixed to the rotor with respect to a synchronously rotating axis
MCQ 3.3
A single-phase transformer has no-load loss of 64 W, as obtained from an open

.in on it with 90% of the rated
circuit test. When a short-circuit test is performed
o
c
.
iawindings,
currents flowing in its both LV and HV
he measured loss is 81 W.
d
o
n
.
The transformer has maximum efficiency
when operated at
w
w
(A) 50.0% of the rated current
(B)
64.0% of the rated current
w
(C) 80.0% of the rated current
(D) 88.8% of the rated current
A
I
D
O
N
YEAR 2013
TWO MARKS
MCQ 3.4
A 4-pole induction motor, supplied by a slightly unbalanced three-phase 50 Hz

source, is rotating at 1440 rpm. The electrical frequency in Hz of the induced
negative sequence current in the rotor is
(A) 100
(B) 98
(C) 52
(D) 48
MCQ 3.5
The following arrangement consists of an ideal transformer and an attenuator which attenuates by a factor of 0.8. An ac voltage VWX1 = 100 V is applied
across WX to get an open circuit voltage VYZ1 across YZ. Next, an ac voltage
VYZ2 = 100 V is applied across YZ to get an open circuit voltage VWX2 across
WX. Then, VYZ1 VWX1 , VWX2 VYZ2 are respectively,
GATE Electrical Engineering Topicwise Solved Paper by RK Kanodia & Ashish Murolia
(A) 125/100 and 80/100

(C) 100/100 and 100/100
(B) 100/100 and 80/100

(D) 80/100 and 80/100
YEAR 2012
MCQ 3.6
Page 112
ONE MARK
The slip of an induction motor normally does not depend on

(A) rotor speed
(B) synchronous speed
(C) shaft torque
(D) core-loss component
YEAR 2012
TWO MARKS
MCQ 3.7
A 220 V, 15 kW, 100 rpm shunt motor with armature resistance of 0.25 , has
a rated line current of 68 A and a rated field current of 2.2 A. The change in
field flux required to obtain a speed of 1600 rpm while drawing a line current of
52.8 A and a field current of 1.8 A is
(A) 18.18% increase
(B) 18.18% decrease
(C) 36.36% increase
(D) 36.36% decrease
MCQ 3.8
The locked rotor current in a 3-phase, star connected 15 kW, 4 pole, 230 V,
50 Hz induction motor at rated conditions is 50 A. Neglecting losses and magnetizing current, the approximate locked rotor line current drawn when the motor is connected to a 236 V, 57 Hz supply is
(A) 58.5 A
(B) 45.0 A
(C) 42.7 A
.in 55.6 A
o(D)
MCQ 3.9
A
I
D
O
N
c
ia.
d
A single phase 10 kVA, 50 Hz transformer
with 1 kV primary winding draws
.no
w
0.5 A and 55 W, at rated voltage
w and frequency, on no load. A second transw
former has a core with all its linear dimensions 2 times the corresponding
dimensions of the first transformer. The core material and lamination thickness
are the same in both transformer. The primary winding of both the transformers have the save number of turns. If a rate voltage of 2 kV at 50 Hz is applied
to the primary of the second transformer, then the no load current and power,
respectively, are
(B) 0.7 A, 155.6 W
(A) 0.7 A, 77.8 A
(C) 1 A, 110 W
(D) 1 A, 220 W
YEAR 2011
ONE MARK
MCQ 3.10
A 4 point starter is used to start and control the speed of a

(A) dc shunt motor with armature resistance control
(B) dc shunt motor with field weakening control
(C) dc series motor
(D) dc compound motor
MCQ 3.11
A three phase, salient pole synchronous motor is connected to an infinite bus. It

is operated at no load a normal excitation. The field excitation of the motor is
first reduced to zero and then increased in reverse direction gradually. Then the
armature current.
(A) Increases continuously
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(B) First increases and then decreases steeply

(C) First decreases and then increases steeply
(D) Remains constant
MCQ 3.12
A single phase air core transformer, fed from a rated sinusoidal supply, is operating at no load. The steady state magnetizing current drawn by the transformer from the supply will have the waveform
YEAR 2011
A
I
D
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ia.
TWO MARKS
MCQ 3.13
A 220 V, DC shunt motor is operating at a speed of 1440 rpm. The armature

resistance is 1.0 and armature current is 10 A. of the excitation of the machine is reduced by 10%, the extra resistance to be put in the armature circuit
to maintain the same speed and torque will be
(A) 1.79
(B) 2.1
(C) 18.9
(D) 3.1
MCQ 3.14
A three-phase 440 V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, squirrel cage induction motor is running

at a slip of 5%. The speed of stator magnetic field to rotor magnetic field and
speed of rotor with respect of stator magnetic field are
(A) zero, 5 rpm
(B) zero, 955 rpm
(C) 1000 rpm, 5 rpm
(D) 1000 rpm, 955 rpm
YEAR 2010
MCQ 3.15
ONE MARK
A Single-phase transformer has a turns ratio 1:2, and is connected to a purely

resistive load as shown in the figure. The magnetizing current drawn is 1 A, and
the secondary current is 1 A. If core losses and leakage reactances are neglected,
the primary current is
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(A) 1.41 A
(C) 2.24 A
MCQ 3.16
(B) 2 A
(D) 3 A
A balanced three-phase voltage is applied to a star-connected induction motor,

the phase to neutral voltage being V . The stator resistance, rotor resistance referred to the stator, stator leakage reactance, rotor leakage reactance referred to
the stator, and the magnetizing reactance are denoted by rs , rr , Xs , Xr and Xm ,
respectively. The magnitude of the starting current of the motor is given by
Vs
Vs
(A)
(B)
2
2
2
(rs + rr ) + (Xs + Xr )
rs + (Xs + Xm) 2
Vs
Vs
(C)
(D)
2
2
2
(rs + rr ) + (Xm + Xr )
rs + (Xm + Xr ) 2
A
I
D
YEAR 2010
MCQ 3.17
Page 114
TWO MARKS
A separately excited dc machine is coupled to a 50 Hz, three-phase, 4-pole

induction machine as shown in figure. The dc machine is energized first and the
machines rotate at 1600 rpm. Subsequently n
the induction machine is also coni
.
nected to a 50 Hz, three-phase source, the
.co phase sequence being consistent with
a
i
the direction of rotation. In steadyostate
d
O
N
.
ww
(A) both machines act as generator

(B) the dc machine acts as a generator, and the induction machine acts as a
motor
(C) the dc machine acts as a motor, and the induction machine acts as a generator
(D) both machines act as motors
MCQ 3.18
A balanced star-connected and purely resistive load is connected at the secondary of a star-delta transformer as shown in figure. The line-to line voltage rating
of the transformer is 110 V/200 V.
Neglecting the non-idealities of the transformer, the impedance Z of the equivalent star-connected load, referred to the primary side of the transformer, is

Page 115
A
I
D
(A) (3 + j0)
(C) (0.866 + j0.5)
O
N
(B) (0.866 j0.5)

(D) (1 + j0)
in
.
Common Data for Questions 19 and 20
.co
ia
d
A separately excited DC motor runs
noat 1500 rpm under no-load with 200 V
.
applied to the armature. The field
ww voltage is maintained at its rated value. The
w
speed of the motor, when it delivers a torque of
5 Nm, is 1400 rpm as shown in figure. The rotational losses and armature reaction are neglected.
MCQ 3.19
The armature resistance of the motor is

(A) 2
(B) 3.4
(C) 4.4
(D) 7.7
MCQ 3.20
For the motor to deliver a torque of 2.5 Nm at 1400 rpm, the armature voltage
to be applied is
(A) 125.5 V
(B) 193.3 V
(C) 200 V
(D) 241.7 V

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YEAR 2009
Page 116
ONE MARK
MCQ 3.21
A field excitation of 20 A in a certain alternator results in an armature current

of 400 A in short circuit and a terminal voltage of 2000 V on open circuit. The
magnitude of the internal voltage drop within the machine at a load current of
200 A is
(A) 1 V
(B) 10 V
(C) 100 V
(D) 1000 V
MCQ 3.22
The single phase, 50 Hz iron core transformer in the circuit has both the vertical arms of cross sectional area 20 cm2 and both the horizontal arms of cross
sectional area 10 cm2 . If the two windings shown were wound instead on opposite horizontal arms, the mutual inductance will
(A) double
(C) be halved
MCQ 3.23
(B) remain same

(D) become one quarter
A
I
D
A 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor supplied from a balanced 3-phase

source drives a mechanical load. The torque-speed characteristics of the
motor(solid curve) and of the
load(dotted curve) are shown. Of the two equilibrium
points A and B, which of
.in
o
c
.
the following options correctly describes
ia the stability of A and B ?
O
N
no
w.
ww
(A) A is stable, B is unstable

(C) Both are stable
(B) A is unstable, B is stable

(D) Both are unstable
YEAR 2009
MCQ 3.24
TWO MARKS
A 200 V, 50 Hz, single-phase induction motor has the following connection

diagram and winding orientations as shown. MM is the axis of the main stator
winding(M1 M2) and AA is that of the auxiliary winding(A1 A2). Directions of
the winding axis indicate direction of flux when currents in the windings are in
the directions shown. Parameters of each winding are indicated. When switch S
is closed the motor

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Page 117
rotates clockwise
rotates anti-clockwise
does not rotate
rotates momentarily and comes to a halt
Common Data for Questions 25 and 26 :

The circuit diagram shows a two-winding, lossless transformer with no leakage
flux, excited from a current source, i (t), whose waveform is also shown. The
transformer has a magnetizing inductance of
400/ mH.
A
I
D
O
N
no
w.
.in
co
ia.
ww
MCQ 3.25
MCQ 3.26
MCQ 3.27
The peak voltage across A and B, with S open is

(B) 800 V
(A) 400 V
(D) 800 V
(C) 4000 V
If the wave form of i (t) is changed to i (t) = 0 sin ( 00pt) A, the peak voltage
across A and B with S closed is
(A) 400 V
(B) 240 V
(C) 320 V
(D) 160 V
Figure shows the extended view of a 2-pole dc machine with 10 armature conductors. Normal brush positions are shown by A and B, placed at the interpolar
axis. If the brushes are now shifted, in the direction of rotation, to A and B as

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Page 118
shown, the voltage waveform VA B will resemble
A
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D
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no
w.
.in
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ww
Common Data for Questions 28 and 29:
The star-delta transformer shown above is excited on the star side with balanced, 4-wire, 3-phase, sinusoidal voltage supply of rated magnitude. The transformer is under no load condition
MCQ 3.28
With both S1 and S2 open, the core flux waveform will be

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
MCQ 3.29
Page 119
a sinusoid at fundamental frequency

flat-topped with third harmonic
peaky with third-harmonic
none of these
With S2 closed and S1 open, the current waveform in the delta winding will be
(A) a sinusoid at fundamental frequency
(B) flat-topped with third harmonic
(C) only third-harmonic
(D) none of these
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 30 and 31 :
A
I
D
The figure above shows coils-1 and 2, with dot markings as shown, having 4000
and 6000 turns respectively. Both the coils have a rated current of 25 A. Coil-1
is excited with single phase, 400 V, 50 Hz supply.
O
N
MCQ 3.30
400
The coils are to be connected to obtain a single-phase, 1000
V,
n of the options given should
auto-transformer to drive a load of 10 kVA. .Which
i
.co
be exercised to realize the required auto-transformer
?
a
i
d
o
(A) Connect A and D; Common B.n
w
(B) Connect B and D; Common
ww C
(C) Connect A and C; Common B
(D) Connect A and C; Common D
MCQ 3.31
In the autotransformer obtained in Question 16, the current in each coil is

(A) Coil-1 is 25 A and Coil-2 is 10 A
(B) Coil-1 is 10 A and Coil-2 is 25 A
(C) Coil-1 is 10 A and Coil-2 is 15 A
(D) Coil-1 is 15 A and Coil-2 is 10 A
YEAR 2008
ONE MARK
MCQ 3.32
Distributed winding and short chording employed in AC machines will result in

(A) increase in emf and reduction in harmonics
(B) reduction in emf and increase in harmonics
(C) increase in both emf and harmonics
(D) reduction in both emf and harmonics
MCQ 3.33
Three single-phase transformer are connected to form a 3-phase transformer

bank. The transformers are connected in the following manner :

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The transformer connecting will be represented by

(A) Y d0
(B) Y d1
(C) Y d6
(D) Y d11
MCQ 3.34
In a stepper motor, the detent torque means

(A) minimum of the static torque with the phase winding excited
(B) maximum of the static torque with the phase winding excited
(C) minimum of the static torque with the phase winding unexcited
(D) maximum of the static torque with the phase winding unexcited
MCQ 3.35
It is desired to measure parameters of 230 V/115 V, 2 kVA,

single-phase transformer. The following wattmeters are available in a laboratory:
W1 : 250 V, 10 A, Low Power Factor
W3 : 150 V, 10 A, High Power Factor
W : 150 V, 5 A, High Power Factor
The Wattmeters used in open circuit test and
.in short circuit test of the transo
c
.
former will respectively be
ia
d
o
(A) W1 and W2
(B) W2 and W
.n
O
N
w
(C) W1 and W
A
I
D
ww
(D) W2 and W3
YEAR 2008
TWO MARKS
MCQ 3.36
A 230 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole, single-phase induction motor is rotating in the clockwise (forward) direction at a speed of 1425 rpm. If the rotor resistance at standstill is 7.8 , then the effective rotor resistance in the backward branch of the
equivalent circuit will be
(A) 2
(B) 4
(C) 78
(D) 156
MCQ 3.37
A 400 V, 50 Hz 30 hp, three-phase induction motor is drawing

50 A current at 0.8 power factor lagging. The stator and rotor copper losses are
1.5 kW and 900 W respectively. The friction and windage losses are 1050 W
and the core losses are 1200 W. The air-gap power of the motor will be
(A) 23.06 kW
(B) 24.11 kW
(C) 25.01 kW
(D) 26.21 kW
MCQ 3.38
The core of a two-winding transformer is subjected to a magnetic flux variation

as indicated in the figure.

Page 121
The induced emf (ers) in the secondary winding as a function of time will be of
the form
MCQ 3.39
A
I
D
O
N
in
A 400 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole, 1400 rpm, star connected

squirrel cage induction motor
co.
.
a
i
has the following parameters referredo dto the stator:
.n
R r = 1 0 , Xs = X r = 1 5
w
w
Neglect stator resistance andwcore and rotational losses of the motor. The motor is controlled from a 3-phase voltage source inverter with constant V f control. The stator line-to-line voltage(rms) and frequency to obtain the maximum
torque at starting will be :
(A) 20.6 V, 2.7 Hz
(B) 133.3 V, 16.7 Hz
(C) 266.6 V, 33.3 Hz
(D) 323.3 V, 40.3 Hz
Common Data for Questions 40 and 41.

A 3-phase, 440 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole slip ring induction motor is feed from the rotor side through an auto-transformer and the stator is connected to a variable
resistance as shown in the figure.

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The motor is coupled to a 220 V, separately excited d.c generator feeding power
to fixed resistance of 10 . Two-wattmeter method is used to measure the input
power to induction motor. The variable resistance is adjusted such the motor runs at 1410 rpm and the following readings were recorded W1 = 1 00 W,
W2 = 200 W.
MCQ 3.40
The speed of rotation of stator magnetic field with respect to rotor structure
will be
(A) 90 rpm in the direction of rotation
(B) 90 rpm in the opposite direction of rotation
(C) 1500 rpm in the direction of rotation
(D) 1500 rpm in the opposite direction of rotation
MCQ 3.41
Neglecting all losses of both the machines, the dc generator power output and
the current through resistance (Rex) will respectively be
(A) 96 W, 3.10 A
(B) 120 W, 3.46 A
(C) 1504 W, 12.26 A
(D) 1880 W, 13.71 A
A
I
D
Statement for Linked Answer Question 42 and 43.

A 240 V, dc shunt motor draws 15 A while supplying the rated load at a speed
of 80 rad/s. The armature resistance is 0.5 and the field winding resistance is
80 .
MCQ 3.42
MCQ 3.43
O
N
n
The net voltage across the armature resistance
o.i at the time of plugging will be
c
.
(A) 6 V
dia (B) 234 V
o
n
(C) 240 V
(D) 474 V
w.
ww
The external resistance to be added in the armature circuit to limit the armature current to 125% of its rated value is
(A) 31.1
(B) 31.9
(C) 15.1
(D) 15.9
Statement for Linked Answer Question 44 and 45.

A synchronous motor is connected to an infinite bus at 1.0 pu voltage and
draws 0.6 pu current at unity power factor. Its synchronous reactance is 1.0 pu
resistance is negligible.
MCQ 3.44
The excitation voltage (E ) and load angle () will respectively be

(A) 0.8 pu and 36.86c lag
(B) 0.8 pu and 36.86c lead
(C) 1.17 pu and 30.96c lead
(D) 1.17 pu and 30.96c lag
MCQ 3.45
Keeping the excitation voltage same, the load on the motor is increased such
that the motor current increases by 20%. The operating power factor will become
(A) 0.995 lagging
(B) 0.995 leading
(C) 0.791 lagging
(D) 0.848 leading

YEAR 2007
Page 123
ONE MARK
MCQ 3.46
In a transformer, zero voltage regulation at full load is

(A) not possible
(B) possible at unity power factor load
(C) possible at leading power factor load
(D) possible at lagging power factor load
MCQ 3.47
The dc motor, which can provide zero speed regulation at full load without any
controller is
(A) series
(B) shunt
(C) cumulative compound
(D) differential compound
MCQ 3.48
The electromagnetic torque Te of a drive and its connected load torque T are as
shown below. Out of the operating points A, B, C and D, the stable ones are
A
I
D
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w.
(A) A, C, D
(C) A, D
YEAR 2007
ww
.in
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(B) B, C
(D) B, C, D
TWO MARKS
MCQ 3.49
A three-phase synchronous motor connected to ac mains is running at full load

and unity power factor. If its shaft load is reduced by half, with field current
held constant, its new power factor will be
(A) unity
(B) leading
(C) lagging
(D) dependent on machine parameters
MCQ 3.50
A 100 kVA, 415 V(line), star-connected synchronous machine generates rated

open circuit voltage of 415 V at a field current of 15 A. The short circuit armature current at a field current of
10 A is equal to the rated armature current. The per unit saturated synchronous reactance is
(A) 1.731
(B) 1.5
(C) 0.666
(D) 0.577
MCQ 3.51
A single-phase, 50 kVA, 250 V/500 V two winding transformer has an efficiency

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of 95% at full load, unity power factor. If it is re-configured as a 500 V/750 V

auto-transformer, its efficiency at its new rated load at unity power factor will
be
(A) 95.752%
(B) 97.851%
(C) 98.276%
(D) 99.241%
MCQ 3.52
A three-phase, three-stack, variable reluctance step motor has 20 poles on each

rotor and stator stack. The step angle of this step motor is
(A) 3c
(B) 6c
(C) 9c
(D) 18c
MCQ 3.53
A three-phase squirrel cage induction motor has a starting torque of 150% and
a maximum torque of 300% with respect to rated torque at rated voltage and
rated frequency. Neglect the stator resistance and rotational losses. The value of
slip for maximum torque is
(A) 13.48%
(B) 16.42%
(C) 18.92%
(D) 26.79%
A
I
D
Common Data for Question 54, 55 and 56:
A three phase squirrel cage induction motor has a starting current of seven
times the full load current and full load slip of 5%
O
N
MCQ 3.54
If an auto transformer is used for reduced voltage starting to provide 1.5 per
in
unit starting torque, the auto transformero.ratio(%)
should be
c
.
(A) 57.77 %
(B)
72.56
%
a
di
o
n
(C) 78.25 %
(D) 81.33 %
w.
MCQ 3.55
If a star-delta starter is used to start this induction motor, the per unit starting
torque will be
(A) 0.607
(B) 0.816
(C) 1.225
(D) 1.616
MCQ 3.56
If a starting torque of 0.5 per unit is required then the per unit starting current
should be
(A) 4.65
(B) 3.75
(C) 3.16
(D) 2.13
ww
YEAR 2006
ONE MARK
MCQ 3.57
In transformers, which of the following statements is valid ?

(A) In an open circuit test, copper losses are obtained while in short circuit
test, core losses are obtained
(B) In an open circuit test, current is drawn at high power factor
(C) In a short circuit test, current is drawn at zero power factor
(D) In an open circuit test, current is drawn at low power factor
MCQ 3.58
For a single phase capacitor start induction motor which of the following statements is valid ?
(A) The capacitor is used for power factor improvement

Page 125
(B) The direction of rotation can be changed by reversing the main winding terminals
(C) The direction of rotation cannot be changed
(D) The direction of rotation can be changed by interchanging the supply terminals
MCQ 3.59
In a DC machine, which of the following statements is true ?

(A) Compensating winding is used for neutralizing armature reaction while
interpole winding is used for producing residual flux
(B) Compensating winding is used for neutralizing armature reaction while
interpole winding is used for improving commutation
(C) Compensating winding is used for improving commutation while interpole
winding is used for neutralizing armature reaction
(D) Compensation winding is used for improving commutation while interpole
winding is used for producing residual flux
YEAR 2006
MCQ 3.60
MCQ 3.61
TWO MARKS
A
I
D
A 220 V DC machine supplies 20 A at 200 V as a generator. The armature

resistance is 0.2 ohm. If the machine is now operated as a motor at same terminal voltage and current but with the flux increased by 10%, the ratio of motor
speed to generator speed is
(A) 0.87
(B) 0.95
in
(C) 0.96
co. 1.06
.(D)
O
N
dia
o
A synchronous generator is feeding.na zero power factor (lagging) load at rated
w
current. The armature reaction
wwis
(A) magnetizing
(C) cross-magnetizing
(B) demagnetizing
(D) ineffective
MCQ 3.62
Two transformers are to be operated in parallel such that they share load in
proportion to their kVA ratings. The rating of the first transformer is 500 kVA
ratings. The rating of the first transformer is 500 kVA and its pu leakage impedance is 0.05 pu. If the rating of second transformer is 250 kVA, its pu leakage impedance is
(A) 0.20
(B) 0.10
(C) 0.05
(D) 0.025
MCQ 3.63
The speed of a 4-pole induction motor is controlled by varying the supply frequency while maintaining the ratio of supply voltage to supply frequency (V f
) constant. At rated frequency of 50 Hz and rated voltage of 400 V its speed is
1440 rpm. Find the speed at 30 Hz, if the load torque is constant
(A) 882 rpm
(B) 864 rpm
(C) 840 rpm
(D) 828 rpm
MCQ 3.64
A 3-phase, 4-pole, 400 V 50 Hz , star connected induction motor has following

circuit parameters
r1 = 1.0 , r 2 = 0.5 , X1 = X 2 = 1.2 , Xm = 35
The starting torque when the motor is started direct-on-line is (use approximate
equivalent circuit model)

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(A) 63.6 Nm
(C) 190.8 Nm
Page 126
(B) 74.3 Nm
(D) 222.9 Nm
MCQ 3.65
A 3-phase, 10 kW, 400 V, 4-pole, 50Hz, star connected induction motor draws
20 A on full load. Its no load and blocked rotor test data are given below.
No Load Test :
400 V
6A
1002 W
Blocked Rotor Test :
90 V
15 A
762 W
Neglecting copper loss in no load test and core loss in blocked rotor test, estimate motors full load efficiency
(A) 76%
(B) 81%
(C) 82.4%
(D) 85%
MCQ 3.66
A 3-phase, 400 V, 5 kW, star connected synchronous motor having an internal

reactance of 10 is operating at 50% load, unity p.f. Now, the excitation is
increased by 1%. What will be the new load in percent, if the power factor is to
be kept same ? Neglect all losses and consider linear magnetic circuit.
(A) 67.9%
(B) 56.9%
(C) 51%
(D) 50%
A
I
D
Data for Q. 67 to Q 69 are given below.
A 4-pole, 50 Hz, synchronous generator has 48 slots in which a double layer

winding is housed. Each coil has 10 turns and is short pitched by an angle to
36c electrical. The fundamental flux per polen is
.i
0.025 Wb
.co
MCQ 3.67
O
N
ia
d
o
The line-to-line induced emf(in volts),
.n for a three phase star connection is apw
proximately
ww
(A) 808
(C) 1400
(B) 888
(D) 1538
MCQ 3.68
The line-to-line induced emf(in volts), for a three phase connection is approximately
(A) 1143
(B) 1332
(C) 1617
(D) 1791
MCQ 3.69
The fifth harmonic component of phase emf(in volts), for a three phase star
connection is
(A) 0
(B) 269
(C) 281
(D) 808
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 70 and 71.

A 300 kVA transformer has 95% efficiency at full load 0.8 p.f. lagging and 96%
efficiency at half load, unity p.f.
MCQ 3.70
The iron loss (Pi) and copper loss (Pc) in kW, under full load operation are
(A) Pc = 4.12, Pi = 8.51
(B) Pc = 6.59, Pi = 9.21
(C) Pc = 8.51, Pi = 4.12
MCQ 3.71
(D) Pc = 12.72, Pi = 3.07
What is the maximum efficiency (in %) at unity p.f. load ?

(A) 95.1
(C) 96.4
Page 127
(B) 96.2
(D) 98.1
YEAR 2005
MCQ 3.72
ONE MARK
The equivalent circuit of a transformer has leakage reactances X1 X 2 and magnetizing reactance XM . Their magnitudes satisfy
(A) X1 >> X 2 >> XM
(B) X1 << X 2 << XM
(C) X1 . X 2 >> XM
(D) X1 . X 2 << XM
MCQ 3.73
Which three-phase connection can be used in a transformer to introduce a

phase difference of 30c between its output and corresponding input line voltages
(A) Star-Star
(B) Star-Delta
(C) Delta-Delta
(D) Delta-Zigzag
MCQ 3.74
On the torque/speed curve of the induction motor shown in the figure four
points of operation are marked as W, X, Y and Z. Which one of them represents the operation at a slip greater than 1 ?
(A) W
(C) Y
MCQ 3.75
O
N
ww
no
w.
.in
co
ia.
(B) X
(D) Z
For an induction motor, operation at a slip s , the ration of gross power output
to air gap power is equal to
(A) (1 s) 2
(B) (1 s)
(C)
(1 s)
YEAR 2005
MCQ 3.76
A
I
D
(D) (1
s)
TWO MARKS
Two magnetic poles revolve around a stationary armature carrying two coil
(c1 c1l , c2 c2l ) as shown in the figure. Consider the instant when the poles are
in a position as shown. Identify the correct statement regarding the polarity of
the induced emf at this instant in coil sides c1 and c2 .
(A) 9 in c1 , no emf in c2
(C) 9 in c2 , no emf in c1
(B) 7 in c1 , no emf in c2
(D) 7 in c2 , no emf in c1

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Page 128
MCQ 3.77
A 50 kW dc shunt is loaded to draw rated armature current at any given speed.

When driven
(i) at half the rated speed by armature voltage control and
(ii) at 1.5 times the rated speed by field control, the respective output powers
delivered by the motor are approximately.
(A) 25 kW in (i) and 75 kW in (ii)
(B) 25 kW in (i) and 50 kW in (ii)
(C) 50 kW in (i) and 75 kW in (ii)
(D) 50 kW in (i) and 50 kW in (ii)
MCQ 3.78
In relation to the synchronous machines, which on of the following statements is

false ?
(A) In salient pole machines, the direct-axis synchronous reactance is greater
than the quadrature-axis synchronous reactance.
(B) The damper bars help the synchronous motor self start.
(C) Short circuit ratio is the ratio of the field current required to produces the
rated voltage on open circuit to the rated armature current.
(D) The V-cure of a synchronous motor represents the variation in the armature current with field excitation, at a given output power.
MCQ 3.79
In relation to DC machines, match the following and choose the correct combination
O
N
List-I
Performance Variables
P.
A
I
D
List-II
in
no 1.
.
ww
Armature emf (E )
o.
cProportional
.
to
a
di
Flux(), speed () and armature

current (Ia)
Q.
Developed torque (T )
2.
and only
Developed power (P )
3.
and Ia only
4.
Ia and only
5.
Ia only
Codes:
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
P
3
2
3
2
Q
3
5
5
3
R
1
4
4
1
MCQ 3.80
Under no load condition, if the applied voltage to an induction motor is reduced

from the rated voltage to half the rated value,
(A) the speed decreases and the stator current increases
(B) both the speed and the stator current decreases
(C) the speed and the stator current remain practically constant
(D) there is negligible change in the speed but the stator current decreases
MCQ 3.81
A three-phase cage induction motor is started by direct-on-line (DOL) switching at the rated voltage. If the starting current drawn is 6 times the full load
current, and the full load slip is 4%, then ratio of the starting developed torque

Page 129
to the full load torque is approximately equal to

(A) 0.24
(B) 1.44
(C) 2.40
(D) 6.00
MCQ 3.82
In a single phase induction motor driving a fan load, the reason for having a
high resistance rotor is to achieve
(A) low starting torque
(B) quick acceleration
(C) high efficiency
(D) reduced size
MCQ 3.83
Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following assertion[A] and the

reason[R]
Assertion [A] : Under V f control of induction motor, the maximum value of
the developed torque remains constant over a wide range of speed in the subsynchronous region.
Reason [R] : The magnetic flux is maintained almost constant at the rated
value by keeping the ration V f constant over the considered speed range.
(A) Both [A] and [R] are true and [R] is the correct reason for [A]
(B) Both [A] and [R] are true and but [R] is not the correct reason for [A]
(C) Both [A] and [R] are false
(D) [A] is true but [R] is false
A
I
D
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 84 and 85.
O
N
n
A 1000 kVA, 6.6 kV, 3-phase star connected.icylindrical
pole synchronous genero
c
.
ator has a synchronous reactance of 20 i.
a Neglect the armature resistance and
d
o
consider operation at full load and.nunity power factor.
MCQ 3.84
MCQ 3.85
ww
The induced emf(line-to-line)wis close to

(A) 5.5 kV
(B) 7.2 kV
(C) 9.6 kV
(D) 12.5 kV
The power(or torque) angle is close to
(A) 13.9c
(C) 24.6c
YEAR 2004
(B) 18.3c
(D) 33.0c
ONE MARK
MCQ 3.86
A 500 kVA, 3-phase transformer has iron losses of 300 W and full load copper
losses of 600 W. The percentage load at which the transformer is expected to
have maximum efficiency is
(A) 50.0%
(B) 70.7%
(C) 141.4%
(D) 200.0%
MCQ 3.87
For a given stepper motor, the following torque has the highest numerical value
(A) Detent torque
(B) Pull-in torque
(C) Pull-out torque
(D) Holding torque
MCQ 3.88
The following motor definitely has a permanent magnet rotor

(A) DC commutator motor
(B) Brushless dc motor
(C) Stepper motor
(D) Reluctance motor

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Page 130
MCQ 3.89
The type of single-phase induction motor having the highest power factor at full
load is
(A) shaded pole type
(B) split-phase type
(C) capacitor-start type
(D) capacitor-run type
MCQ 3.90
The direction of rotation of a 3-phase induction motor is clockwise when it is

supplied with 3-phase sinusoidal voltage having phase sequence A-B-C. For
counter clockwise rotation of the motor, the phase sequence of the power supply
should be
(A) B-C-A
(B) C-A-B
(C) A-C-B
(D) B-C-A or C-A-B
MCQ 3.91
For a linear electromagnetic circuit, the following statement is true

(A) Field energy is equal to the co-energy
(B) Field energy is greater than the co-energy
(C) Field energy is lesser than the co-energy
(D) Co-energy is zero
A
I
D
YEAR 2004
MCQ 3.92
TWO MARKS
The synchronous speed for the seventh space harmonic mmf wave of a 3-phase,
8-pole, 50 Hz induction machine is
(A) 107.14 rpm in forward direction
n
(B) 107.14 rpm in reverse direction
o.i
c
.
(C) 5250 rpm in forward direction dia
no
(D) 5250 rpm in reverse direction
w.
O
N
ww
MCQ 3.93
A rotating electrical machine its self-inductances of both the stator and the rotor windings, independent of the rotor position will be definitely not develop
(A) starting torque
(B) synchronizing torque
(C) hysteresis torque
(D) reluctance torque
MCQ 3.94
The armature resistance of a permanent magnet dc motor is 0.8 . At no load,

the motor draws 1.5 A from a supply voltage of 25 V and runs at 1500 rpm.
The efficiency of the motor while it is operating on load at 1500 rpm drawing a
current of 3.5 A from the same source will be
(A) 48.0%
(B) 57.1%
(C) 59.2%
(D) 88.8%
MCQ 3.95
A 50 kVA, 3300/230 V single-phase transformer is connected as an auto-transformer shown in figure. The nominal rating of the auto- transformer will be
(A) 50.0 kVA

(C) 717.4 kVA
(B) 53.5 kVA

(D) 767.4 kVA

Page 131
MCQ 3.96
The resistance and reactance of a 100 kVA, 11000/400 V, 3 Y distribution

transformer are 0.02 and 0.07 pu respectively. The phase impedance of the
transformer referred to the primary is
(A) (0.02 + j0.07)
(B) (0.55 + j1.925)
(C) (15.125 + j52.94)
(D) (72.6 + j254.1)
MCQ 3.97
A single-phase, 230 V, 50 Hz 4-pole, capacitor-start induction motor had the

following stand-still impedances
Main winding Zm = .0 + j4.0
Auxiliary winding Za = .0 + j .0
The value of the starting capacitor required to produce 90c phase difference
between the currents in the main and auxiliary windings will be
(A) 176.84 F
(B) 187.24 F
(C) 265.26 F
(D) 280.86 F
MCQ 3.98
Two 3-phase, Y-connected alternators are to be paralleled to a set of common

busbars. The armature has a per phase synchronous reactance of 1.7 and
negligible armature resistance. The line voltage of the first machine is adjusted
to 3300 V and that of the second machine is adjusted to 3200 V. The machine
voltages are in phase at the instant they are paralleled. Under this condition,
the synchronizing current per phase will be
(A) 16.98 A
(B) 29.41 A
(C) 33.96 A
(D) 58.82 A
MCQ 3.99
A
I
D
O
N
in
A 400 V, 15 kW, 4-pole, 50Hz, Y-connectedo.induction
motor has full load slip
c
.
a
of 4%. The output torque of the machine
di at full load is
o
(A) 1.66 Nm
(B) 95.50 Nm
n
.
w
(C) 99.47 Nm
(D) 624.73 Nm
ww
MCQ 3.100
For a 1.8c, 2-phase bipolar stepper motor, the stepping rate is

100 steps/second. The rotational speed of the motor in rpm is
(A) 15
(B) 30
(C) 60
(D) 90
MCQ 3.101
A 8-pole, DC generator has a simplex wave-wound armature containing 32 coils

of 6 turns each. Its flux per pole is 0.06 Wb. The machine is running at 250
rpm. The induced armature voltage is
(A) 96 V
(B) 192 V
(C) 384 V
(D) 768 V
MCQ 3.102
A 400 V, 50 kVA, 0.8 p.f. leading 3-connected, 50 Hz synchronous machine has

a synchronous reactance of 2 and negligible armature resistance. The friction
and windage losses are 2 kW and the core loss is 0.8 kW. The shaft is supplying
9 kW load at a power factor of 0.8 leading. The line current drawn is
(A) 12.29 A
(B) 16.24 A
(C) 21.29 A
(D) 36.88 A
MCQ 3.103
A 500 MW, 3-phase, Y-connected synchronous generator has a rated voltage of

21.5 kV at 0.85 p.f. The line current when operating at full load rated conditions will be
(A) 13.43 kA
(B) 15.79 kA

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(C) 23.25 kA
Page 132
(D) 27.36 kA
YEAR 2003
ONE MARK
MCQ 3.104
A simple phase transformer has a maximum efficiency of 90% at full load and
unity power factor. Efficiency at half load at the same power factor is
(A) 86.7%
(B) 88.26%
(C) 88.9%
(D) 87.8%
MCQ 3.105
Group-I lists different applications and Group-II lists the motors for these applications. Match the application with the most suitable motor and choose the
right combination among the choices given thereafter
Group-I
Group-II
P.
Food mixer
1. Permanent magnet dc motor
Cassette tape recorder
2. Single-phase induction motor
R.
Domestic water pump
3. Universal motor
S.
Escalator
A
I
D
4. Three-phase induction motor

5. DC series motor
6. Stepper motor
Codes:
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
3
3
3
P
6
1
1
2
O
N
Q
4
3
2
1
R
S
n
o.i
5
c
.
a
2
4o di
n
4 w.
w4w
MCQ 3.106
A stand alone engine driven synchronous generator is feeding a partly inductive load. A capacitor is now connected across the load to completely nullify the
inductive current. For this operating condition.
(A) the field current and fuel input have to be reduced
(B) the field current and fuel input have to be increased
(C) the field current has to be increased and fuel input left unaltered
(D) the field current has to be reduced and fuel input left unaltered
MCQ 3.107
Curves X and Y in figure denote open circuit and full-load zero power
factor(zpf) characteristics of a synchronous generator. Q is a point on the zpf
characteristics at 1.0 p.u. voltage. The vertical distance PQ in figure gives the
voltage drop across
(A) Synchronous reactance

(C) Potier reactance
(B) Magnetizing reactance

(D) Leakage reactance

MCQ 3.108
No-load test on a 3-phase induction motor was conducted at different supply

voltage and a plot of input power versus voltage was drawn. This curve was
extrapolated to intersect the y-axis. The intersection point yields
(A) Core loss
(B) Stator copper loss
(C) Stray load loss
(D) Friction and windage loss
YEAR 2003
MCQ 3.109
Page 133
TWO MARKS
Figure shows an ideal single-phase transformer. The primary and secondary

coils are wound on the core as shown. Turns ratio N N = .The correct phasors of voltages E E , currents I , I and core flux are as shown in
A
I
D
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N
no
w.
.in
co
ia.
ww
MCQ 3.110
To conduct load test on a dc shunt motor, it is coupled to a generator which is

identical to the motor. The field of the generator is also connected to the same
supply source as the motor. The armature of generator is connected to a load
resistance. The armature resistance is 0.02 p.u. Armature reaction and mechanical losses can be neglected. With rated voltage across the motor, the load resistance across the generator is adjusted to obtain rated armature current in both
motor and generator. The p.u value of this load resistance is
(A) 1.0
(B) 0.98
(C) 0.96
(D) 0.94
MCQ 3.111
Figure shows a 3 Y connected, 3-phase distribution transformer used to step

down the voltage from 11000 V to 415 V line-to-line. It has two switches S1 and
S 2 . Under normal conditions S1 is closed and S 2 is open. Under certain special
conditions S1 is open and S 2 is closed. In such a case the magnitude of the voltage across the LV terminals a and c is

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(A) 240 V
(C) 415 V
MCQ 3.112
(B) 480 V
(D) 0 V
Figure shows an ideal three-winding transformer. The three windings 1, 2, 3 of

the transformer are wound on the same core as shown. The turns ratio N1 N2 N3
is 4: 2: 1. A resistor of 10 is connected across winding-2. A capacitor of reactance 2.5 is connected across winding-3. Winding-1 is connected across a 400
V, ac supply. If the supply voltage phasor V1 = 400+0% , the supply current phasor I1 is given by
A
I
D
O
N
(A) ( 10 + j10) A
(C) (10 + j10) A
MCQ 3.113
MCQ 3.114
Page 134
no
w.
ww
n
o.i
c
.
ia (B) ( 10 j10) A
(D) (10 j10) A
Following are some of the properties of rotating electrical machines

P. Stator winding current is dc, rotor winding current is ac.
Q. Stator winding current is ac, rotor winding current is dc.
R. Stator winding current is ac, rotor winding current is ac.
S. Stator has salient poles and rotor has commutator.
T. Rotor has salient poles and sliprings and stator is cylindrical.
U. Both stator and rotor have poly-phase windings.
DC machines, Synchronous machines and Induction machines exhibit some of
the above properties as given in the following table.
Indicate the correct combination from this table
DC Machine
Synchronous Machines
Induction Machines
(A) P,S
(B) Q,U
(C) P,S
(D) R,S
Q,T
P,T
R,U
Q,U
R,U
R,S
Q,T
P,T
When stator and rotor windings of a 2-pole rotating electrical machine are excited, each would produce a sinusoidal mmf distribution in the airgap with peal
values Fs and Fr respectively. The rotor mmf lags stator mmf by a space angle
at any instant as shown in figure. Thus, half of stator and rotor surfaces will
form one pole with the other half forming the second pole. Further, the direction of torque acting on the rotor can be clockwise or counter-clockwise.

Page 135
The following table gives four set of statement as regards poles and torque. Select the correct set corresponding to the mmf axes as shown in figure.
Stator
Surface
ABC forms
Stator
Rotor
Surface
Surface
CDA forms abc forms
Rotor
surface
cda forms
(A) North Pole South Pole North Pole South Pole

(B) South Pole North Pole North Pole South Pole
(C) North Pole South Pole South Pole North Pole
A
I
D
(D) South Pole North Pole South Pole North Pole

MCQ 3.115
Torque
is
Clockwise
Counter
Clockwise
Counter
Clockwise
Clockwise
A 4-pole, 3-phase, double-layer winding is housed in a 36-slot stator for an ac

machine with 60c phase spread. Coil span is 7 short pitches. Number of slots in
n
which top and bottom layers belong to different
o.i phases is
c
.
(A) 24
dia(B) 18
o
n
(C) 12
(D) 0
w.
O
N
ww
MCQ 3.116
A 3-phase induction motor is driving a constant torque load at rated voltage

and frequency. If both voltage and frequency are halved, following statements
relate to the new condition if stator resistance, leakage reactance and core loss
are ignored
1. The difference between synchronous speed and actual speed remains same
2. The airgap flux remains same
3. The stator current remains same
4. The p.u. slip remains same
Among the above, current statements are
(A) All
(B) 1, 2 and 3
(C) 2, 3 and 4
(D) 1 and 4
MCQ 3.117
A single-phase induction motor with only the main winding excited would exhibit the following response at synchronous speed
(A) Rotor current is zero
(B) Rotor current is non-zero and is at slip frequency
(C) Forward and backward rotaling fields are equal
(D) Forward rotating field is more than the backward rotating field
MCQ 3.118
A dc series motor driving and electric train faces a constant power load. It is
running at rated speed and rated voltage. If the speed has to be brought down

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Page 136
to 0.25 p.u. the supply voltage has to be approximately brought down to

(A) 0.75 p.u
(B) 0.5 p.u
(C) 0.25 p.u
(D) 0.125 p.u
YEAR 2002
ONE MARK
MCQ 3.119
If a 400 V, 50 Hz, star connected, 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor is operated from a 400 V, 75 Hz supply, the torque that the motor can now provide
while drawing rated current from the supply
(A) reduces
(B) increases
(C) remains the same
(D) increases or reduces depending upon the rotor resistance
MCQ 3.120
A dc series motor fed from rated supply voltage is over-loaded and its magnetic
circuit is saturated. The torque-speed characteristic of this motor will be approximately represented by which curve of figure ?
(A) Curve A
(C) Curve C
A
I
D
O
N
no
w.
ww
n
o.i
c
.
ia (B) Curve B
(D) Curve D
MCQ 3.121
A 1 kVA, 230 V/100 V, single phase, 50 Hz transformer having negligible winding resistance and leakage inductance is operating under saturation, while 250
V, 50 Hz sinusoidal supply is connected to the high voltage winding. A resistive
load is connected to the low voltage winding which draws rated current. Which
one of the following quantities will not be sinusoidal ?
(A) Voltage induced across the low voltage winding
(B) Core flux
(C) Load current
(D) Current drawn from the source
MCQ 3.122
A 400 V / 200 V / 200 V, 50 Hz three winding transformer is connected as

shown in figure. The reading of the voltmeter, V , will be
(A) 0 V
(C) 600 V
(B) 400 V
(D) 800 V

YEAR 2002
Page 137
TWO MARK
MCQ 3.123
A 200 V, 2000 rpm, 10 A, separately excited dc motor has an armature resistance of 2 . Rated dc voltage is applied to both the armature and field winding
of the motor. If the armature drawn 5 A from the source, the torque developed
by the motor is
(A) 4.30 Nm
(B) 4.77 Nm
(C) 0.45 Nm
(D) 0.50 Nm
MCQ 3.124
The rotor of a three phase, 5 kW, 400 V, 50 Hz, slip ring induction motor is
wound for 6 poles while its stator is wound for 4 poles. The approximate average no load steady state speed when this motor is connected to 400 V, 50 Hz
supply is
(A) 1500 rpm
(B) 500 rpm
(C) 0 rpm
(D) 1000 rpm
MCQ 3.125
The flux per pole in a synchronous motor with the field circuit ON and the stator disconnected from the supply is found to be 25 mWb. When the stator is
connected to the rated supply with the field excitation unchanged, the flux per
pole in the machine is found to be 20 mWb while the motor is running on no
load. Assuming no load losses to be zero, the no load current drawn by the motor from the supply
(A) lags the supply voltage
(B) leads the supply voltage
(C) is in phase with the supply voltage
n
o.i
c
.
(D) is zero
ia
A
I
D
MCQ 3.126
O
N
d
no
.
*A 230 V, 250 rpm, 100 A separately
ww excited dc motor has an armature resistw
ance of 0.5 . The motor is connected to 230 V dc supply and rated dc voltage
is applied to the field winding. It is driving a load whose torque-speed characteristic is given by TL = 500 10 , where is the rotational speed expressed in
rad/sec and TL is the load torque in Nm. Find the steady state speed at which
the motor will drive the load and the armature current drawn by it from the
source. Neglect the rotational losses of the machine.
MCQ 3.127
*A single phase 6300 kVA, 50 Hz, 3300 V/ 400 V distribution transformer is

connected between two 50 Hz supply systems, A and B as shown in figure. The
transformer has 12 and 99 turns in the low and high voltage windings respectively. The magnetizing reactance of the transformer referred to the high voltage side is 500 . The leakage reactance of the high and low voltage windings
are 1.0 and 0.012 respectively. Neglect the winding resistance and core
losses of the transformer. The Thevenin voltage of system A is 3300 V while
that of system B is 400 V. The short circuit reactance of system A and B are
0.5 and 0.010 respectively. If no power is transferred between A and B, so
that the two system voltages are in phase, find the magnetizing ampere turns of
the transformer.

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MCQ 3.128
Page 138
*A 440 V, 50 Hz, 6 pole, 960 rpm star connected induction machine has the following per phase parameters referred to the stator :
Rs = 0 6 , Rr = 0 , Xs =
The magnetizing reactance is very high and is neglected. The machine is connected
to the 440 V, 50 Hz supply and a certain mechanical load is coupled to it. It is
found that the magnitude of the stator current is equal to the rated current of
the machine but the machine is running at a speed higher than its rated speed.
Find the speed at which the machine is running. Also find the torque developed
by the machine.
MCQ 3.129
A 415 V, 2-pole, 3-phase, 50 Hz, star connected, non-salient pole synchronous

motor has synchronous reactance of 2 per phase and negligible stator resistance. At a particular field excitation, it draws 20 A at unity power factor
from a 415 V, 3-phase, 50 Hz supply. The mechanical load on the motor is now
increased till the stator current is equal to 50 A. The field excitation remains
unchanged.
Determine :
(a) the per phase open circuit voltage E 0
(b) the developed power for the new operating condition and corresponding
power factor.
YEAR 2001
A
I
D
O
N
ONE MARK
MCQ 3.130
The core flux of a practical transformer with

in a resistive load
.
o
c
(A) is strictly constant with load changes
ia.
d
(B) increases linearly with load .no
ww of the load
(C) increases as the squarewroot
(D) decreases with increased load
MCQ 3.131
Xd , Xld and X md are steady state d -axis synchronous reactance, transient d -axis
reactance and sub-transient d -axis reactance of a synchronous machine respectively. Which of the following statements is true ?
(A) Xd > Xld > X md
(B) X md > Xld > Xd
(C) Xld > X md > Xd
(D) Xd > X md > Xld
MCQ 3.132
A 50 Hz balanced three-phase, Y-connected supply is connected to a balanced

three-phase Y-connected load. If the instantaneous phase-a of the supply voltage is V cos (t) and the phase-a of the load current is I cos (t ), the instantaneous three-phase power is
(A) a constant with a magnitude of VI cos
(B) a constant with a magnitude of (3/2) VI cos
(C) time-varying with an average value of (3/2) VI cos and a frequency of 100
Hz
(D) time-varying with an average value of VI cos and a frequency of 50 Hz
MCQ 3.133
In the protection of transformers, harmonic restraint is used to guard against

(A) magnetizing inrush current
(B) unbalanced operation
(C) lightning
(D) switching over-voltages

MCQ 3.134
Page 139
In case of an armature controlled separately excited dc motor drive with closedloop speed control, an inner current loop is useful because it
(A) limits the speed of the motor to a safe value
(B) helps in improving the drive energy efficiency
(C) limits the peak current of the motor to the permissible value
(D) reduces the steady state speed error
YEAR 2001
TWO MARK
MCQ 3.135
An electric motor with constant output power will have a

torque-speed characteristics in the form of a
(A) straight line through the origin
(B) straight line parallel to the speed axis
(C) circle about the origin
(D) rectangular hyperbola
MCQ 3.136
*An ideal transformer has a linear B H characteristic with a finite slope and a
turns ratio of 1 : 1. The primary of the transformer is energized with an ideal
current source, producing the signal i as shown in figure. Sketch the shape (neglecting the scale factor ) of the following signals, labeling the time axis clearly
A
I
D
O
N
no
w.
.in
co
ia.
ww
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
the
the
the
the
core flux oc with the secondary of the transformer open

open-circuited secondary terminal voltage v ^ t h
short-circuited secondary current i ^ t h, and
core flux sc with the secondary of the transformer short-circuited
MCQ 3.137
*In a dc motor running at 2000 rpm, the hysteresis and eddy current losses are
500 W and 200 W respectively. If the flux remains constant, calculate the speed
at which the total iron losses are halved.
MCQ 3.138
*A dc series motor is rated 230 V, 1000 rpm, 80 A (refer to figure). The series
field resistance is 0.11 , and the armature resistance is 0.14 . If the flux at
an armature current of 20 A is 0.4 times of that under rated condition, calculate
the speed at this reduced armature current of 20 A.
MCQ 3.139
*A 50 kW synchronous motor is tested by driving it by another motor. When

the excitation is not switched on, the driving motor takes
800 W. When the armature is short-circuited and the rated armature current of
10 A is passed through it, the driving motor requires
2500 W. On open-circuiting the armature with rated excitation, the driving
motor takes 1800 W. Calculate the efficiency of the synchronous motor at 50%
load. Neglect the losses in the driving motor.
MCQ 3.140
*Two identical synchronous generators, each of 100 MVA, are working in par-

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Page 140
allel supplying 100 MVA at 0.8 lagging p.f. at rated voltage. Initially the machines are sharing load equally. If the field current of first generator is reduced
by 5% and of the second generator increased by 5%, find the sharing of load
(MW and MVAR) between the generators.
Assume Xd = Xq = 0.8 p.u , no field saturation and rated voltage across load.
Reasonable approximations may be made.
***********
A
I
D
O
N
no
w.
.in
co
ia.
ww

SOLUTION
Page 141
SOL 3.1
Option (D) is correct.

Leakage flux in an induction motor is flux that linked the stator winding or the
rotor winding but not both.
SOL 3.2

The angle in the swing equation of a synchronous generator is the angular
displacement of an axis fixed to the rotor with respect to a synchronously rotating
axis.
SOL 3.3
Option (C) is correct.

Since, the no-load loss (when load is not connected) is 64 W. So, the open circuit loss is
W = 6 watt (no load)
As the 90% of rated current flows in its both LV and HV windings, the lost is
measured as
copper loss at 90% load = 81 watt
or,
Wcu ât
h = 81 watt
Now, we have the copper loss for x load as
.Iin
Wcu ^x h = Wcu ât full loadh #
coI x m
c
.
dia FL
o
n h # c IFL m
or, Wcu ât full loadh = Wcu ât x w.load
Ix
ww 1
= ^81h #
^0.9h2
= 100 watt
For maximum efficiency we must have
copper lossed = no-load loss
= 64 watt
Consider at x load copper loss is 64 watt. So,
A
I
D
O
N
^x h Wcu ât full loadh = 64
SOL 3.4
64 = 0.8
100
or,
x =
or
x = 80% load
Option (B) is correct.

Given,
frequency of source,
f = 50 Hz
no. of poles
P =4
rotating speed
N = 1440 rpm
Now, the synchronous speed is determined as
f
NS =
P
= 120 ^50h = 1500 rpm
4

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Page 142
So, the slip in the motor is

S = NS N
NS
= 1500 1440 = 0.04
1500
Now, the electrical frequency of the induced negative sequence current in rotor
is obtained as
f = ^2 5h f
where f is stator frequency given as f = 50 Hz .
Therefore,
f = ^2 0.04h 50 = 98 Hz
SOL 3.5

For the given transformer, we have
V = 1.25
1
VWX
A
I
D
VYZ = 0.8 (attenuation factor)

V
VYZ = 0.8 1.25 = 1
^ h^
h
VWX
n
VYZ = VWX
o.i
c
.
V dia
VWX = 100 V ; YZ
no =
V.WX
Since,
O
N
So,
or,
at
w
ww VWX
VWZ = 100 V ;
at
SOL 3.6

Slip is given as
VYZ
S = ns n
ns
where,
ns = synchronous speed
n = rotor speed
Thus, slip depend on synchronous speed and the rotor speed. Also, torque increases
with increasing slip up to a maximum value and then decreases. Slip does not
depend on core/loss component.
SOL 3.7

E \ n
where n " speed, " flux and E " back emf
Given that,
Vt = 250 V , Ra = .
n = 1000 rpm , IL = A , IF = . A
Armature current,
Ia = IL IF = . = . A
E = Vt Ia, Ra
= 250 (65.8) (0.25) = 203.55 V
Now,
Armature current,
n = 1600 rpm , IL = . A , IF = . A
Ia = IL IF = 52.8 1.8 = 51 A

Page 143
E = Vt Ia Ra = 220 (51) (0.25) = 207.25 V

E = n f
a n kc f m
E
203.55 = 1000 f1
207.45 b 1600 lc f2 m
2 = 0.6369f1
% reduce in flux =
f 0.6369f1
f1 f2
100 = 1
# 100
f1
f1 #
- 36.3%
SOL 3.8

Given that magnetizing current and losses are to be neglected. Locked rotor line
current.
E
I =E =
(R2 = 0)
Z
R +X
So
I =E = E \E
X
wL
f
= 230 57
I l b 236 lb 50 l
A
I
D
I l = 45.0 A
SOL 3.9

Since the core length of the second transformer is 2 times of the first, so the
core area of the second transformer is twice of
.inthe first.
o
c
.
Let subscript 1 is used for first transformer
ia and 2 is used for second transform.
d
o
Area
a2.n
= 2a1
Length
O
N
w
ww l2 =
2 l1
N 2 ma
L =
l
Magnetizing inductance,
N = no. of turns
= length of flux path
a = cross section area
l = length
L\a
l
N and are same for both the

transformer
L 1 = a1 : l 2
a 2 l1
L2
L 1 = a1 :
2a 1
L2
2 l1
l1
L 2 = 2 L1
Thus, magnetizing reactance of second transformer is
Magnetizing current
2 times of first.
Xm2 =
2 Xm1
Im = V
Xm
Im1 = V1 : Xm2 = V1
2 Xm1
b 2V1 lc Xm1 m
Im2 V2 Xm1
Im2 =
(V2 = 2V1)
2 Im1

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Page 144
Thus, magnetizing current of second transformer

Im = 2 # 0.5 = 0.707 A
Since voltage of second transformer is twice that of first and current is
that of first, so power will be 2 2 times of first transformer.
2 times
P = 2 2 # 55 = 155.6 W
SOL 3.10
Option (A) is correct.

The armature current of DC shunt motor
Ia = V Eb
Ra
at the time of starting, Eb = . If the full supply voltage is applied to the motor,
it will draw a large current due to low armature resistance.
A variable resistance should be connected in series with the armature resistance
to limit the starting current.
A 4-point starter is used to start and control speed of a dc shut motor.
SOL 3.11

The Back emf will go to zero when field is reduced, so Current input will be
increased. But when Field increases (though in reverse direction) the back emf
will cause the current to reduce.
SOL 3.12

An air-core transformer has linear B -H characteristics, which implies that
magnetizing current characteristic will be perfectly sinusoidal.
SOL 3.13

.in
o
c
.
Initially
Eb = V Ia Ra = 220
ia 1 # 10 = 210 V
d
o
Now the flux is reduced by 10% .keeping
the torque to be constant, so the current
n
w
will be
ww
A
I
D
O
N
Ia 1 = Ia
Ia = Ia 1 = 10 # 1 = 11.11 A
0.9
&
` 2 = 0.91
Eb \ N
N
Eb
=
= 0.
Eb
N1 1
N1 = N
Eb = 0.9Eb = 0.9 # 210 = 189 V

Now adding a series resistor R in the armature resistor, we have
1
Eb = V Ia (Ra + R)
189 = 220 11.11 (1 + R)
R = 1.79
SOL 3.14
Option ( ) is correct.
The steady state speed of magnetic field
ns = 120 # 50 = 1000 rpm
6
nr = (1 S) ns
S = 0.0
= 0.95 # 1000 = 950 rpm
In the steady state both the rotor and stator magnetic fields rotate in synchronism
, so the speed of rotor field with respect to stator field would be zero.
Speed of rotor which respect to stator field
Speed of rotor

Page 145
= nr ns = 950 1000 = 50 rpm

None of the option matches the correct answer.
SOL 3.15

Given
I = 1 amp (magnetizing current)

Primary current IP = ?
I =1A
I l = secondary current reffered to Primary
= 2 # 1 = 2 amp
1
IP =
A
I
D
i +i = 1+4 =
5 = 2.24 Amp
SOL 3.16
SOL 3.17

Synchronize speed of induction machine
f
#
.in rpm
Ns =
=
=
o
c
.
P
ia
O
N
Speed of machine = 1600 rpm .no

w
= Actual
wwspeed of induction machine
slip = 1500 1600 = 1 = 0.066 (negative)

1500
15
Hence induction machine acts as induction generator and dc machine as dc motor.
SOL 3.18
SOL 3.19

Given no-load speed N = 1500 rpm
Va = 200 V, T = 5 Nm, N = 1400 rpm
emf at no load
Eb = Va =
E
N \ Eb & N = b
N
Eb
Eb = b N l Eb =
.
=
#
N
. # I =
T = Eb Îa h &
a
#
Ia = 3.926 A
V = Eb + Ia Ra
Ra = Va Eb =
Ia
SOL 3.20
= .

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than
Page 146
T = 2.5 Nm at 1400 rpm

V =?
T = Eb Ib
~
2.5 = 186.6 # Ia # 60
2 # 1400
Ia = 1.963 A
V = Eb + Ia Ra = 186.6 + 1.963 # 3.4 = 193.34 V
SOL 3.21

Given field excitation of
Armature current
Short circuit and terminal voltage
On open circuit, load current
So,
= 20 A
= 400 A
= 200 V
= 200 A
Internal resistance = 2000 = 5
400
Internal vol. drop = 5 # 200
= 1000 V
SOL 3.22
SOL 3.23
A
I
D

Given single-phase iron core transformer has both the vertical arms of cross
section area 20 cm2 , and both the horizontal arms of cross section are 10 cm2
So, Inductance = NBA (proportional to cross section area)
1
n
o.i became half.
c
When cross section became half, inductance
.
a
O
N
di

.no
w
w
Given 3-phase squirrel cagewinduction
motor.
At point A if speed -, Torque speed ., Torque .

So A is stable.
At point B if speed - Load torque .
So B is un-stable.
SOL 3.24
SOL 3.25

Peak voltage across A and B with S open is
V = m di = m # (slope of I t)
dt
= 400 # 10 3 # : 10 3 D = 800 V
5 # 10
SOL 3.26

Page 147
SOL 3.27

Wave form VAl l
SOL 3.28

When both S1 and S2 open, star connection consists 3rd harmonics in line current
due to hysteresis A saturation.
SOL 3.29

Since S2 closed and S1 open, so it will be open delta connection and output will
be sinusoidal at fundamental frequency.
SOL 3.30
A
I
D
O
N
N1
N2
I
V
= 4000
n
= 6000
o.i
c
.
= 25 A
dia
o
n
= 400 V , fw
=.
w
Coil are to be connected to obtain a single Phase, 400 V auto transfer to drive
1000
Load 10 kVA
Connected A & D common B
SOL 3.31

Given 3-phase, 400 V, 5 kW, Star connected synchronous motor.
Internal Resistance = 10
Operating at 50% Load, unity p.f.
So
kVA rating = 25 # 400 = 1000
Internal Resistance = 10
So
kVA rating = 1000 # 10 = 10000 kVA
SOL 3.32

Distributed winding and short chording employed in AC machine will result in

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Page 148
reduction of emf and harmonics.

SOL 3.33

Transformer connection will be represented by Y d1.
SOL 3.34

Detent torque/Restraining toque:
The residual magnetism in the permanent magnetic material produced.
The detent torque is defined as the maximum load torque that can be applied to
the shaft of an unexcited motor without causing continuous rotation. In case the
motor is unexcited.
SOL 3.35

Given: 1- transformer, 230 V/115 V, 2 kVA
W3 : 150 V, 10 A, High Power Factor
W : 150 V, 5 A, High Power Factor
In one circuit test the wattmeter W2 is used and in short circuit test of transformer W3 is used.
SOL 3.36

Given: 230 V, 50 Hz, 4-Pole, 1- induction motor
clock-wise(forward) direction
Ns = 1425 rpm
Rotar resistance at stand still(R2 ) = 7.8 n
o.i
c
So
.
ia
d
o
120
50
#
Ns =
= 1500
.n
w
4
ww
1500
1425
Slip(S ) =
= 0.05
1500
Resistance in backward branch rb = R2 = 7.8
=4
2 0.05
2S
Given: a 400 V, 50 Hz, 30 hp, 3- induction motor
Current = 50 A at 0.8 p.f. lagging
Stator and rotor copper losses are 1.5 kW and 900 W
fraction and windage losses = 1050 W
A
I
D
is
rotating
O
N
SOL 3.37
Core losses = 1200 W = 1.2 kW

So,
Input power in stator = 3 # 400 # 50 # 0.8 = 27.71 kW
Air gap power = 27.71 1.5 1.2 = 25.01 kW
SOL 3.38

Induced emf in secondary
During 0 < t < 1,
= N2
d
dt
E1 = (100)
d
= 12 V
dt
E1 and E2 are in opposition

E2 = 2E1 = 24 V
d
During time 1 < t < 2 ,
= 0 , then E1 = E2 = 0
dt

in
SOL 3.39
Page 149
d
= 24 V
dt
During 2 < t < 2.5 ,
E = (100)
Then
E = 0 48 V

Given 400 V, 50 Hz, 4-Pole, 1400 rpm star connected squirrel cage induction
motor.
R = 1.00 , Xs = Xlr = 1.5
So,
For max. torque slip
Rlr
Sm =
Xsm + Xlrm
For starting torque Sm = 1
Then
Xsm + Xlrm = Rlr
2fm Ls + 0.2fm Llr = 1
Frequency at max. torque
1
fm =
2 (Ls + Llr )
Xs
= 1.5
Ls =
2 # 50 2 # 50
Llr = 1.5
2 # 50
1
fm =
= 50 = 16.7
inHz
1. 5 + 1. 5
3
.
o
c
In const V f control method
50
50
ia.
A
I
D
O
N
od
V1 = 400 = 8 w.n
50 ww
f1
V =8
f1
So
V =f #
Hence (B) is correct option.
SOL 3.40
= 16.7 # 8 = 133.3 V

Given 3-, 440 V, 50 Hz, 4-Pole slip ring motor
Motor is coupled to 220 V
So,
N = 1410 rpm, W1 = 1800 W, W2 = 200 W

120f
Ns =
= 120 # 50 = 1500 rpm
4
P
Relative speed = 1500 1410
= 90 rpm in the direction of rotation.
SOL 3.41

Neglecting losses of both machines
Slip(S ) = Ns N = 1500 1410 = 0.06
1500
Ns
total power input to induction motor is
Pin = 1800 200 = 1600 W
Output power of induction motor
Pout = (1 S) Pin = (1 0.06) 1600 = 1504 W

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Page 150
Losses are neglected so dc generator input power = output power

= 1504 W
So,
I R = 1504
I = 1504 = 12.26 A
10
SOL 3.42

Given: V =
, dc shunt motor
I = 15 A
Rated load at a speed = 80 rad/s
Armature Resistance = 0.5
Field winding Resistance = 80
So,
E = 240 12 # 0.5 = 234
Vplugging = V + E = 240 + 234 = 474 V
SOL 3.43

External Resistance to be added in the armature circuit to limit the armature
current to 125%.
474
So
Ia = 12 # 1.25 =
Ra + R external
Ra + R external = 31.6
R external = 31.1
SOL 3.44
A
I
D
O
N

n
o.iinfinite bus at 1.0 p.u. voltage and
c
A synchronous motor is connected to
an
.
dia Reactance is 1.0 p.u. and resistance is
0.6 p.u. current at unity power nfactor.
o
w.
negligible.
w
w
So,
V = 1+0c p.u.
Ia = 0.6+0c p.u.
Zs = Ra + jXs = 0 + j1 = 1+ 0c p.u.
V = E+ + Ia Zs = 1+0c 0.6+0c # 1+ 0c
E+ = 1.166+ 30.96c p.u.
Excitation voltage
= 1.17 p.u.
Load angle ()
= 30.96c(lagging)
SOL 3.45
SOL 3.46

In transformer zero voltage regulation at full load gives leading power factor.
SOL 3.47

Speed-armature current characteristic of a dc motor is shown as following

Page 151
The shunt motor provides speed regulation at full load without any controller.
SOL 3.48

From the given characteristics point A and D are stable
SOL 3.49

When the 3- synchronous motor running at full load and unity power factor
and shaft load is reduced half but field current is constant then it gives leading
power factor.
SOL 3.50

Given star connected synchronous machine, P =
A
Open circuit voltage V =
and field current is 15 A, short circuit armature
current at a field current of 10 A is equal to rated armature current.
So,
Line synchronous impedance
open circuit line voltage
=
n
3 # short ckt phase.icurrent
o
c
.
415
ia = 1.722
=
d1000
100
o
#
3 # c .n
w3 # 415 m
w
w
Given 1- transformer
P = 50
A , V = 50
500
Two winding transformer efficiency 95% at full load unity power factor.
A
I
D
SOL 3.51
O
N
Efficiency
95% =
50 # 1 # 1
50 # Wcu + Wi
So
Wcu + Wi = 2.631
Reconfigured as a 500 V/750 V auto-transformer
auto-transformer efficiency

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=
SOL 3.52
SOL 3.53
150
= 98.276%
150 + 2.631

Given 3-, 3-stack
Variable reluctance step motor has 20-poles
Step angle = 360 = 6c
3 # 20
Given a 3- squirrel cage induction motor starting torque is 150% and maximum
torque 300%
So
TStart = 1.5TFL
Tmax = 3TFL
TStart = 1
Then
2
Tmax
TStart = 2S max
Tmax
S2max + 12
from equation (1) and (2)
2S max = 1
2
S2max + 1
S max2 S max + 1 = 0
So
S max = 26.786%
SOL 3.54
Page 152
...(1)
...(2)
O
N
A
I
D

.in a starting current of seven the full
Given 3- squirrel cage induction motor ohas
c
.
load current and full load slip is 5%dia
ISt = 7I Fl w.n
w
S l = 5%w
TSt = ISt 2 x2 S
bT l l # #
Tl
1.5 = (7) 2 # x2 # 0.05

x = 78.252%
SOL 3.55

Star delta starter is used to start this induction motor
So
TSt = 1
ISt 2 S = 1 72 0.05
#
b
3
3# #
Tl
I Fl l # Fl
TSt = 0.816
Tl
SOL 3.56

Given starting torque is 0.5 p.u.
TSt = Isc 2 S
So,
bI ll # l
Tl
2
0.5 = b Isc l # 0.05
I l
Per unit starting current
Isc =
0.5 = 3.16 A
0.05
I l

Page 153
SOL 3.57

In transformer, in open circuit test, current is drawn at low power factor but in
short circuit test current drawn at high power factor.
SOL 3.58

A single-phase capacitor start induction motor. It has cage rotor and its stator
has two windings.
The two windings are displaced 90c in space. The direction of rotation can be
changed by reversing the main winding terminals.
SOL 3.59
SOL 3.60
A
I
D

In DC motor, compensating winding is used for neutralizing armature reactance
while interpole winding is used for improving commutation.
Interpoles generate voltage necessary to neutralize the e.m.f of self induction in
the armature coils undergoing commutation. Interpoles have a polarity opposite
n
to that of main pole in the direction of rotation
o.i of armature.
O
N
.c

dia
o
.nat 200 V as a generator.
Given: A 230 V, DC machine, 20wA
Ra = 0.2 w
The machine operated as a motor at same terminal voltage and current, flux
increased by 10%
So for generator
Eg = V + Ia Ra
= 200 + 20 # 0.2
Eg = 204 volt
for motor
So
Em = V Ia Ra
= 200 20 # 0.2
Em = 196 volt
Eg
N
= g # g
Em
Nm
m
1
204 = Ng
196
Nm # 1.1
Nm =
196
= 0.87
204 # 1.1
Ng
SOL 3.61

A synchronous generator is feeding a zero power factor(lagging) load at rated
current then the armature reaction is demagnetizing.
SOL 3.62

Given the rating of first transformer is 500 kVA

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Page 154
Per unit leakage impedance is 0.05 p.u.

Rating of second transformer is 250 kVA
actual impedance
So,
Per unit impedance =
base impedance
and, Per unit leakage impedance \ 1
kVA
Then
SOL 3.63
500 kVA # 0.05 = 250 kVA # x

x = 500 # 0.05 = 0.1 p.u.
250

Given speed of a 4-pole induction motor is controlled by varying the supply
frequency when the ratio of supply voltage and frequency is constant.
, V = 400 V , N = 440 rpm
f = 50
So
V \f
V = f
V2
f2
V2 = 400 # 30 = 240 V
50
So
Given
Then
A
I
D
2
T \ cV m S
f
S2 = V 2 f2 T2
bV2 l # f # T
S
O
N
T = T2
n
2
o.i
S2 = 0.04 # b 400 l #.c30
240 ia 50
S2 = 0.066
no
w.
ww
N r = N s ( S)
20f
P
So
Nr = 120 # 30 ^1 0.066h = 840.6 rpm
4
Given a 3- induction motor
P = 4 , V = 400 V , f = 50
r = 1.0 , r2l= 0.5
X = Xl2 = .2 , Xm = 35
So, Speed of motor is
20f
= 20 # 50 = 500 rpm
Ns =
4
P
Nr =
SOL 3.64
Torque
V2 rl2
Tst = 180 #
2 N s
(r1 + rl2) 2 + X 2
400 2 0.5
c 3m#
180
=
2 # 3.14 # 1500 # (1.5) 2 + (2.4) 2
= 63.58 Nm
SOL 3.65

Page 155
Given that 3- induction motor star connected

P = 10 kW , V =
, o es = , f =
Full load current I Fl =
output
Efficiency =
input
So
Cu losses at full load
2
= b 20 l # 762 = 1354.67
15
SOL 3.66
Total losses = 1354.67 + 1002 = 2356.67

10000
Efficiency =
100 = 81%
10000 + 2356.67 #
Given 3- star connected synchronous motor
internal reactance = 10
Operating at 50% load, unity power factor, 400 V, 5 kW
Excitation increased = 1%
So,
full load current
5 # 103
I Fl =
= 7.22
3 # 400 # 1
A
I
D
O
N
E = (V cos Ia Ra) 2 + (V sin Ia Xs) 2
in
2
o.
So,
E = c 400 m + ^10 # 3.6h2 ia=.c2133.7289
3
od
Excitation will increase 1% thenwE.n
E = 2133.7289 #w0.01 = 236
Ia X =
SOL 3.67
(E2) 2 V 2 =
(236) 2 c 400 m = 48.932

3
Ia = 48.932 = 4.8932
10
Load (%) = 4.8932 = 67.83 %
7.22
Given P = 4 , f = 50
Slots = 48 , each coil has 10 turns
Short pitched by an angle() to 36c electrical
Flux per pole = 0.05 Wb
So,
E ph = 4.44 fTph KW
Slot/Pole/ph = 48 = 4
4#3
Slot/Pole = 48 = 12
4
Slot angle = 180 = 15c
12
sin (4 # 15/2)
Kd =
= 0.957
4 sin (15/2)

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Page 156
K p = cos = cos 18c = 0.951

2
In double layer wdg
No. of coil = No of slots
= 48 # 10 = 160
3
No. of turns/ph
Then
E ph = 4.44 # 0.025 # 50 # 0.957 # 0.951 # 160

= 808 V
EL = 3 # 808
EL = 1400 V (approximate)
SOL 3.68

line to line induced voltage, so in 2 phase winding
Slot/ pole/ph = 6
Tph = 480 = 240
2
Slot angle = 180 # 4 = 15c
48
sin 6 # (15/2)
Kd =
= 0.903
6 sin (15/2)
K p = cos b 36 l = 0.951
2
A
I
D
E ph = 4.44 # 0.025 # 50 # 240 # 0.951 # 0.903

= 1143
.in
SOL 3.69
SOL 3.70
O
N
co

ia.
d
Fifth harmonic component of phase
.no emf
w
w
So
Angle = 180w= 36c
5
the phase emf of fifth harmonic is zero.

Given that: A 300 kVA transformer
Efficiency at full load is 95% and 0.8 p.f. lagging
96% efficiency at half load and unity power factor
So
For Ist condition for full load
kVA # 0.8
95% =
kVA # 0.8 + Wcu + Wi
Second unity power factor half load
kVA # 0.5
96% =
kVA # 0.5 + Wcu + Wi
...(1)
...(2)
Wcu + Wi = 12.63
0.25Wcu + 0.96Wi = 6.25
Then
Wcu = 8.51, Wi = .118
So
SOL 3.71

X # p.f. # kVA
X # kVA + Wi + Wcu # X2
X = 4.118 = 0.6956
8.51
Efficiency () =
So

Page 157
0.6956 # 1 # 300
0.6956 # 300 + 4.118 + 8.51 # (0.6956) 2
= 96.20%
% =
SOL 3.72

The leakage reactances X , and X l are equal and magnetizing reactance Xm is
higher than X , and X l
X . X l << Xm
SOL 3.73

Three phase star delta connection of transformer induces a phase difference of 30c
between output and input line voltage.
SOL 3.74

Given torque/speed curve of the induction motor
A
I
D
When the speed of the motor is in forward direction then slip varies from 0 to 1
but when speed of motor is in reverse direction or negative then slip is greater
then 1. So at point W slip is greater than 1.
SOL 3.75
O
N

o.i
c
.
ia power output to air-gap is equal to
For an induction motor the ratio of dgross
o
.n
(1 s)
w
ww
gross power
So
= (1 s)
airgap power
SOL 3.76

Given that two magnetic pole revolve around a stationary armature.
At c1 the emf induced upward and no emf induced at c and c l
SOL 3.77

Given A 50 kW DC shunt motor is loaded, then
at half the rated speed by armature voltage control
So
P\N
Pnew = 50 = 25 kW
2
At 1.5 time the rated speed by field control
P = constant

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P = 50 kW
So
SOL 3.78

In synchronous machine, when the armature terminal are shorted the field current
should first be decreased to zero before started the alternator.
In open circuit the synchronous machine runs at rated synchronous speed. The
field current is gradually increased in steps.
The short circuit ratio is the ratio of field current required to produced the rated
voltage on open to the rated armature current.
SOL 3.79

In DC motor,
E = PNf b Z l
A
or
E = Kfn
So armature emf E depends upon and only and torque developed depends
upon
PZfIa
T =
2A
So, torque(T ) is depends of and Ia and developed power(P ) is depend of flux
, speed and armature current Ia .
A
I
D
SOL 3.80
SOL 3.81

Given a three-phase cage induction motor is started by direct on line switching at
rated voltage. The starting current drawn .isin6 time the full load current.
.co
Full load slip = 4%
a
i
d
no
So
.
w
TSt = IStww S
bTFl l b I Fl l # Fl
O
N
= (6) 2 # 0.04 = 1.44
SOL 3.82

Given single-phase induction motor driving a fan load, the resistance rotor is high
So
...(1)
Eb = V Ia Ra
Pmech = Ea Ia
= Pmech
m
...(2)
From equation (1) and (2) the high resistance of rotor then the motor achieves
quick acceleration and torque of starting is increase.
SOL 3.83

Given V f control of induction motor, the maximum developed torque remains
same
we have,
E = 4.44Kw fT1
If the stator voltage drop is neglected the terminal voltage E1 . To avoid saturation
and to minimize losses motor is operated at rated airgap flux by varying terminal
voltage with frequency. So as to maintain (V/f ) ratio constant at the rated value,
the magnetic flux is maintained almost constant at the rated value which keeps
maximum torque constant.
1

SOL 3.84

Given
P = 1000 kVA , 6.6 kV
Reactance = 20 and neglecting the armature resistance at full load and unity
power factor
So
P =
I =
So,
3 VL IL
1000 = 87.47 A
3 # 6. 6
IX = 87.47 # 20 = 1.75 kV
2
E ph = c 6.5 m + (1.75) 2
3
6.5 2
2
c 3 m + (1.75)
= 4.2 kV
E ph =
E ph
IA
D
O
EL = 3 E ph
EL = 1.732 # 4.2 = 7.26 kV
SOL 3.85
Page 159
a Star connection
.in
co
ia.
Torque angle z = tan 1 b Xs l o d

Ra .n
z = tan 1 c
SOL 3.86
ww
3 # 1.75 = 24.6c
m
6.6

Given that
Transformer rating is 500 kVA
Iron losses = 300 W
full load copper losses = 600 W
Maximum efficiency condition
So,
Wi = X Wc
X = Wi =
Wc
300 = 0.707
600
efficiency% = 0.707 # 100 = 70.7%

SOL 3.87

Stepper motor is rotated in steps, when the supply is connected then the torque
is produced in it. The higher value of torque is pull out torque and less torque

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when the torque is pull in torque.

SOL 3.88

The stepper motor has the permanent magnet rotor and stator has made of
windings, its connected to the supply.
SOL 3.89

1-phase induction motor is not self starting, so its used to start different method
at full load condition, capacitor-run type motor have higher power factor. In this
type the capacitor is connected in running condition.
SOL 3.90

Given that if 3- induction motor is rotated in clockwise then the phase sequence
of supply voltage is A-B-C. In counter clock wise rotation of the motor the phase
sequence is change so in the counter clockwise rotation the phase sequence is
A-C-B.
SOL 3.91

In linear electromagnetic
co-energy.
circuit
the
field
energy
is
equal
to
the
Wf = W f = 1 Li = 1 i = 1
L
A
I
D
Wf = field energy
W f = co energy
O
N
no
w.
.in
co
ia.
ww
SOL 3.92
SOL 3.93
SOL 3.94

Given that
8-Pole, 50 Hz induction machine in seventh space harmonic mmf wave.
So,
Synchronous speed at 7th harmonic is = Ns 7
1 0f
Speed of motor Ns =
= 120 # 50 = 750 rpm
8
P
Synchronous speed is = Ns = 750 = 107.14 rpm in forward direction
7
7
Rotating electrical machines having its self inductance of stator and rotor windings
is independent of the rotor position of synchronizing torque.
synchronizing torque
Tsynchronizing = 1 m dP Nm/elect. radian
s d
= b 1 m dP l P Nm/mech.degree
s d 180
Given that the armature of a permanent magnet dc motor is

Ra = 0.8
At no load condition
V = 25 V , I =
No load losses = E # I
Page 161
A, N =
a E = V IRa
So
No load losses
= (25 1.5 # 0.8) 1.5 = 35.7 W
At load condition
I = 3.5 A
Iron losses = I R = (3.5) 2 # 0.8 = 9.8 W
Total losses = No load losses + iron losses
= 35.7 + 9.8 = 45.5 W
Total power P = VI
P = 25 # 3.5
P = 87.5 W
output
Efficiency =
input
total power losses
=
total power
= 87.5 45.5 # 100 = 48.0%
87.5
SOL 3.95
A
I
D
O
N
n
o.i
c
.
ia
Given that 50 kVA, 3300/230 V, 1- d
transform
no
.
ww
Vin = 3300 V
Vo t = 3300 + 230 = 3530 V
Output current I2 and output voltage 230 V
So
3
I2 = 50 # 10 = 217.4 A
230
When the output voltage is Vout then kVA rating of auto transformer will be
I2 = 3530 # 217.4
= 767.42 kVA
SOL 3.96

Given that 100 kVA, 11000/400 V, Delta-star distribution transformer resistance
is 0.02 pu and reactance is 0.07 pu
So pu impedance Z pu = 0.02 + j0.07
Base impedance referred to primary
2
(11 # 103) 2
Z Base = V P =
= 3 30
VL IL /3
100 # 103
3

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The phase impedance referred to primary

Z primary = Z pu # Z Base
= (0.02 + j0.07) (3630) = 72.6 + j254.1
SOL 3.97

Given that
230 V, 50 Hz, 4-Pole, capacitor-start induction motor
Zm = Rm + Xm = 6.0 + j4.0
ZA = RA + XA = 8.0 + j6.0
Phase angle of main winding
A
I
D
+Im = + Zm = + (6 + j4) = +33.7c

So angle of the auxiliary winding when the capacitor is in series.
+IA = + (8 + j6) + 1
j C
in
j .co.
= + (8 + j6) ia
dC
O
N
no
= +IA w
w
+. Im
So
6 1
C p ( 33.7)H
90 = tan >f
8
1
C
So
= 18
C =
= 2f
1
1
=
18 # 2 # 3.14 # 50
18 # 2f
= 176.8 F
SOL 3.98

Given that the armature has per phase
1.7 and two alternator is connected in parallel
So,
synchronous
reactance
both alternator voltage are in phase

So,
E f1 = 3300
3
E f2 = 3200
3

of
SOL 3.99
SOL 3.100
Page 163
Synchronizing current or circulating current

EC
=
TS + TS
Reactance of both alternator are same
E Ef
So
= f
= 1 b 3300 3200 l = 16.98 A
TS + TS
3 1.7 + 1.7
Given V =
po er an P =
f = 50 Hz , Full load slip (S ) = 4%
f
So
Ns =
= 120 # 50 = 1500 rpm
4
P
Actual speed = synchronous speed slip
N = 1500 4 # 1500 = 1440 rpm
100
P
,
where s ( S) = 2N
Torque developed T =
60
s ( S)
3
= 15 # 10 # 60 = 99.47 Nm
2 # 1440
Given 1.8c angle, 2- Bipolar stepper motor and stepping rate
100 step/second
So,
Step required for one revolution
.in
o
360
c
.
=
= 200 steps
1.8
dia
o
n
a Time required for one revolution
w. = 2 seconds
A
I
D
O
N
rev/sec = 0.5 rps
and
is
ww
rev/min = 30 rpm
SOL 3.101

Given that:
P = Pole, DC generator has wave-wound armature containing 32 coil of 6 turns
each. Simplex wave wound flux per pole is 0.06 Wb
N = 250 rpm
So,
Induced armature voltage
ZNP
Eg =
60A
Z = total no.of armature conductor
= 2CNC = 2 # 32 # 6 = 384
Eg = 0.06 # 250 # 3.84 # 8
60 # 2
a A = 2 for wave winding
Eg = 384 volt
SOL 3.102

Given a 400 V, 50 Hz and 0.8 p.f. loading delta connection 50 Hz synchronous

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Page 164
machine, the reactance is 2 . The friction and windage losses are 2 kW and core
losses is 0.8 kW and shaft is supply 9 kW at a 0.8 loading power factor
So
Input power = 9 kW + 2 kW + 0.8 kW = 11.8 kW
aInput power =
SOL 3.103
3 V2 I2 = 11.8 kW
11.8 kW
I2 =
= 21.29 A
3 # 400 # 0.8
Given that 500 MW, 3- star connected synchronous generator has a rated
voltage of 21.5 kV and 0.85 Power factor
So
SOL 3.104
3 VL IL = 500 MW
500 # 106
IL =
= 15.79 # 103
3
3 # 21.5 # 10 # 0.85
IL = 15.79 kA

Given that 1- transformer, maximum efficiency 90% at full load and unity
power factor
(L.F) cos 2
V2 I2 cos 2
So
=
=
V2 I2 cos 2 + Pi + Pc
(L.F) cos 2 + Pi(Pu) + Pc
where L.F. is the load fator.
At full load, load factor is
L.F. = Pi = 1
Pc
so,
O
N
A
I
D
.in
.co
a
i
cos 2 = 1 at unity power factor
od
n
.
1
1
w
90% = #
1 + 2Pi ww
Pi = 0.0555 MVA
At half load, load factor is
L.F = 1 = .5
2
0.5 # 1
So,
=
# 100
0.5 # 0.0555 # (0.5) 2 + 0.0555
= 87.8%
SOL 3.105

In food mixer the universal motor is used and in cassette tap recorder permanent
magnet DC motor is used. The Domestic water pump used the single and three
phase induction motor and escalator used the three phase induction motor.
SOL 3.106

Given a engine drive synchronous generator is feeding a partly inductive load. A
capacitor is connected across the load to completely nullify the inductive current.
Then the motor field current has to be reduced and fuel input left unaltered.
SOL 3.107

Page 165
Given open circuit and full-load zero power factor of a synchronous generator. At
point Q the zero power factor at 1.0 pu voltage. The voltage drop at point PQ is
across synchronous reactance.
SOL 3.108

Given no load test on 3- induction motor, the graph between the input power
and voltage drop is shown in figure, the intersection point yield the friction and
windage loss.
SOL 3.109
SOL 3.110
A
I
D
O
N
no
w.
.in
co
ia.
ww
Given that: The armature resistance in per unit is 0.2

so,
Ra = 0.2
back emf equation of motor is
Eb = V Ia Ra
given that no mechanical losses and armature reaction is neglected, so per unit
value of emf induced by motor is
Eb = 0.98
The DC shunt motor is mechanically coupled by the generator so the emf induced by motor and generator is equal
Eg = Eb
so voltage generated by the generator is
V = 0.98 1 # 0.2 = 0.96
per unit value of load resistance is equal to 0.96
SOL 3.111

Given that when the switch S 1 is closed and S 2 is open then the 11000 V is step
down at 415 V output
Second time when the switch S 1 is open and switch S 2 is closed then 2-phase
supply is connected to the transformer then the ratio of voltage is

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Page 166
V =N =
=
V
N
The output terminal a and c are in opposite phase so cancelled with each other
and terminal is equal to zero volt.
SOL 3.112

Given that
Resistance
N : N2: N 3 is 4: 2: 1
R = 10
V = 400 V
so,
and
V =N =
V
N
V = 2V1 = 200 V
4
V =N =
V
N
V = 100 V
so current in secondary winding
I =V =
= 20 A
R
The current in third winding when the capacitor is connected
so
I = V =
=j
jXc j .
.in
When the secondary winding current I .ciso referred to primary side i.e I
dia
o
N
I
So
=
= .n
N
I
ww
w
I = 20 = 10 A
2
and winding third current I is referred to Primary side i.e I . I flows to opposite
to I
I =N =
So
I
N
A
I
D
O
N
I = j
So total current in primary winding is
I = I + I = 10 j10 A
SOL 3.113

Given that:
P Stator winding current is dc, rotor winding current is ac
Q Stator winding current is ac, rotor winding current is dc
R Stator winding current is ac, rotor winding current is ac
S Stator has salient pole and rotor has commutator
T Rotor has salient pole and slip rings and stator is cylindrical
U Both stator and rotor have poly-phase windings
So
DC motor/machines:
The stator winding is connected to dc supply and rotor winding flows ac current.
Stator is made of salient pole and Commutator is connected to the rotor so rotor

Page 167
winding is supply ac power.

Induction machines:
In induction motor the ac supply is connected to stator winding and rotor and
stator are made of poly-phase windings.
Synchronous machines:
In this type machines the stator is connected to ac supply but rotor winding is
excited by dc supply. The rotor is made of both salient pole and slip rings and
stator is made of cylindrical.
SOL 3.114

Given that
Fs is the peak value of stator mmf axis. Fr is the peak value of
rotor mmf axis. The rotor mmf lags stator mmf by space angle
. The direction of torque acting on the rotor is clockwise or counter clockwise.
When the opposite pole is produced in same half portion of stator and rotor
then the rotor moves. So portion of stator is north-pole in ABC and rotor abc is
produced south pole as well as portion surface CDA is produced south pole and
the rotor cda is produced North pole.
The torque direction of the rotor is clock wise and torque at surface is in counter
clockwise direction.
SOL 3.115

Given that:
A 4-pole, 3-, double layer winding has 36 slots
.in stator with 60c phase spread, coil
o
c
.
span is 7 short pitched
ia
d
o
so,
.n
w
w
Pole pitch = slot w= 36 = 9
4
pole
A
I
D
O
N
Slot/pole/phase = 3
so, 3-slots in one phase, if it is chorded by 2 slots then
Out of 3 " 2 have different phase
Out of 36 " 24 have different phase.
SOL 3.116

Given that:
3- induction motor is driving a constant load torque at rated voltage and
frequency. Voltage and frequency are halved and stator resistance, leakage
reactance and core losses are ignored.
Then the motor synchronous speed and actual speed difference are same.
2 f
Ns =
P
The leakage reactance are ignored then the air gap flux remains same and the
stator resistance are ignored then the stator current remain same.
SOL 3.117

Given that: 1- induction motor main winding excited then the rotating field of
motor changes, the forward rotating field of motor is greater then the back ward
rotating field.
SOL 3.118

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Page 168
Given that:
A dc series motor driving a constant power load running at rated speed and rated
voltage. Its speed brought down 0.25 pu. Then
Emf equation of dc series motor
E = V Ra + Rse
Ra + Rse = R
so,
E = V IR = KN
then
N = E
K
In series motor I
so,
N = V IR
KI
At constant power load
E # I = T # W = onst
T = KI = KI 2
If W is decreased then torque increases to maintain power constant.
T \ I2
W = 1 then T =
4
So current is increased 2 time and voltage brought down to 0.5 pu.
...(1)
...(2)
A
I
D
SOL 3.119

Given 400 V, 50 Hz, Y-connected, 3- squirrel cage induction motor operated
in
from 400 V, 75 Hz supply. Than Torque is
o.decreased.
c
.
Machine is rated at 400
a
diaV, 50 Hz
o
.n 400 V, 75 Hz
and
it is operated from
w
ww
120f
so,
speed of Motor will increase as N =
&N\f
P
and we know Torque in induction motor
Te = 3 I22 R2 & Te \ 1
N
Ws
S
If speed increases, torque decreases.
SOL 3.120

Motor is overloaded, and magnetic circuit is saturated. Than Torque speed
characteristics become linear at saturated region.
as shown in figure
O
N
actual torque-speed characteristics is given by curve B.

SOL 3.121

Given that transformer rating 1 kVA, 230 V/100 V, 1-, 50 Hz, operated at
250 V, 50 Hz at high voltage winding and resistive load at low voltage winding
which draws rated current, than current drawn from the source will not be

Page 169
sinusoidal.
SOL 3.122

In this case voltmeter reading will be zero.
SOL 3.123
SOL 3.124

Slip ring induction motor of 5 kW, 400 V, 50 Hz.
rotor = 6 Poles, stator = 4 Poles
than speed of motor = ?
speed = 0
a No. of rotor poles =
Y No. of stator poles
so motor will not rotate.
SOL 3.125

Flux per pole in synchronous motor when stator disconnected from supply is
= 25 MWb
When stator connected to rated supply than flux per pole is
= 20 MWb
As in first case stator is disconnected from supply.
A
I
D
O
N
.in
o
Second case when stator connected to rated
then terminal voltage decreases
.csupply
a
i
d
and current will lead from the supply
no voltage.
.
w
ww
SOL 3.126
Given: Separately Excited dc motor of 230 V, 250 rpm, 100 A
ra = 0.5
It is driving a load.Torque speed characteristics as given below
TL = 500 10
Steady state speed = ?
Back emf of motor Eb
= V Ia Ra = 230 100 (0 5) = 180 V
Torque is given as Te
= E b I a = 180 # 100 # 60 = 687.54 Nm
250 # 2 # 3.14
Now given that TL = 500 10
~ = 500 TL = 500 687.54 = 18.754 rad/sec
10
10
N = 18.756 # 60 = 179.08 rpm
2
ve sign employs that rotor direction is opposite to that of generator.
SOL 3.127

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Page 170
Given
Xm referred to high voltage Xm = 500

Xl = 1.0 ,Xl = 0.012 (Leakage reactance of high voltage and low voltage)
Magnetising AT = ?
First we have to draw its equivalent circuit as
now equivalent circuit referred to high voltage side is as
A
I
D
O
N
.in
co
ia.
2
o
Xl = b 99 l # 0.012w
=.n0.8167
12
ww
2
99
Xl = b l # 0.01 = 0.68
12
V l = b 99 l # 400 = 3300 V
12
now magnetizing current
3300
3300
Im =
+
= 13.1605 Amp
0.5 + 1.0 + 500 0.8167 + 0.68 + 500
magnetizing ampere turns
AT = 13.1605 # 99 = 1302.84 Ampereturns
SOL 3.128
Equivalent circuit of induction motor referred to stator side
#
rpm
=
=
P
slip = Ns Nr =
= .
Ns
V
Current
I =
Rlr + (X + Xl )
s
r
bRs + S l Engineering
GATE MCQ Electrical
(Vol-1, 2 & 3)
Ns =
440
= 30.447 Amp
0.3 2 + (1 + 1) 2
+
0
.
6
b
0.04 l
=
3
Torque Te =
Page 171
I ar k
s
3 # 60
(30.447) 2 # 0.3 = 199.18 N-m
2 # 1000 #
0.04
If it will work as generator than slip will be negative
S = Ns Ne
Ns
0.4 = 1000 Nr
1000
Te =
Nr = 1040 rpm
SOL 3.129
Given 415 V, 2-Pole, 3-, 50 Hz, Y-connected synchronous motor
Xs = 2 per phase I = 20 A at 4 PF
Mechanical load is increased till I = 50 A
Then
(a) Per phase open circuit voltage E 0 =
(b) Developed power = ?
A
I
D
O
N
In first case the UPF phasor diagram is being drawn as
no
w.
.in
co
ia.
ww
E 02 = V 2t + I 2a # s2
2
= c 415 m + 202 # 22 = 242.91 V
3
now Ia is increased than load angle and power factor angle is also increased as
(E 0 = constant)
Than
(Ia # Xs) 2 = E 02 + V 2t 2E 02 Vt cos
2
(50 # 2) 2 = (242.91) 2 + c 415 m 2 # 242.91 # 415 cos
3
3
2
2
2
(242.91) + (239.6) (100)
cos =
2 # 242.91 # 239.6
from phasor diagram
cos = 0.914 & = 23.90c

PowerPi = E 0 Vt sin = 242.91 # 239.6 sin 23.9 = 11789.87
2
X
Pi
239.6 # 50 cos
cos
Power developed
SOL 3.130
= VI cos = 11
= 11789.87
= 9841
= 3 (P I 2 R) = 3 (11789.87 502 # 2) = 35369.61 W

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Page 172
We know that in case of practical transformer with resistive load, the core flux is
strictly constant with variation of load.
SOL 3.131

In synchronous machine it is known that
Xd > Xld > X md
where
SOL 3.132
Xd = steady state d -axis reactance

Xld = transient d -axis reactance
X md = sub-transient d -axis reactance

50 Hz, balanced 3-, Y-connected supply is given to Y-load instantaneous phase-a
of supply is V cos t and load current is I cos (t ) then 3- instantaneous
power = ?
P = sum of individual power of all phases
= V I + V I + V3 I 3
= V cos t 6I cos (t )@ + V cos (t 0c) I cos (t 0c)
+ V cos (t + 0c) I cos (t + 0c )
= VI [cos (2t ) + cos + cos (2t 240c ) + cos
2
A
I
D
+ cos (2t + 240c + cos )]
or
P = VI [cos (2t ) + 3 cos + cos (2t ) cos 240c

2
O
N
sin (2t ) sin 240c + cos (2t o.i)ncos 240c + sin (2t ) sin 240c]
a.c
i
VI
d
P =
[cos (2t ) + 3 cos o cos (2t )] = 3VI cos
2
2
.n
w
Hence power is constant. ww
SOL 3.133

In transformer protection, harmonic restraint is used to guard against Magnetizing
inroush current.
SOL 3.134

For armature controlled separately excited dc motor drive with closed loop speed
control. We use inner current loop because inner current loop limits the peak
current of motor to the permissible value.
SOL 3.135

a Output of motor = Ea Ia = constant
also power output Po p = T
so T = costant
or
T\1
So torque speed characteristics is a rectangular hyperbola.

SOL 3.136
Page 173
Ideal transformer of linear B -H with turn ratio 1: 1
(a) The flux oc , when secondary is open

oc \ I
so, it is same as current wave form.
(b) Secondary open circuited terminal voltage : v2 (t) = ?
doc
dt
e =N =
e
N
we know e =
and
v (t) = e = d (oc) (a secondary open circuited)

dt
we know differentiation of triangular wave form is square. so waveform is given as
A
I
D
So
O
N
no
w.
.in
co
ia.
ww
(c) Short circuited secondary current [i2 (t)]

i (t)
=N =
N
i (t)
so
i (t) = i (t)
It is same as primary current which is
(d) Short circuited secondary core flux.

sc (t) = ?
we know
sc (t) \ i (t)
so, it is same waveform as short circuit current in secondary.
SOL 3.137
*Option (B) is correct.

Given data
In dc motor N = 2000 rpm, Wh =
, We =
, = constant
N os the speed at which is iron losses Wi is halved.
we know hysteresis loss Wh = kh fBm

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a
again
Page 174
and eddy current loss We = ke f Bm

flux is constant so speed \ Frequency
Wh = k N &
=k #
&k =
We = k N &
=k
We know that iron loss Wi = Wn + We
Wi = k N + k N
2
350 = 1 N1 + 5 # 10 5 N 12
4
&k = #
or 20 # 10 5 N 12 + N1 1400 = 0
N = 623 rpm, - 1072.25 rpm
as
N = 1072.25 is not possible
so,
N = 623 rpm
SOL 3.138
*Option (B) is correct.

Given
A
I
D
O
N
no
w.
rated
.in
co
ia.
N = 1000 rpmww
Ia = 80 A
is 0.4 times of rated.
at Ia =
we have to calucalte speed at I a = 20 A
we know in case of series motor
N \ Eb
N = Eb
N
Eb #
Eb = V Ia (Ra + R f )
= 230 80 (0.14 + 0.11) = 210 V
N = 1000 rpm
= V I a (Ra + R f ) = 230 20 (0.25) = 225 V
=?
= 0.41
0.41
= 210 #
225
1
N = 1000 # 225 # 1
210
0. 4
Eb
N
2
000
N
N = 2678.57 rpm
SOL 3.139
*Option ( ) is correct.
Given 50 kW of synchronous motor driven by another motor.

Page 175
excitation is off than driven motor takes 800 W of power

when armature is short circuited and rated Ia = 0 , than it takes 2500 W
Open circuited armature takes W = 1800 W
of motor at 50 % load, neglecting losses of motor.
a excitation is off there is friction losses Wf = 800 W
short circuit loss
Ws = Wi Wf = 2500 800 =
open circuit loss
00 W
W0 = W Wf = 800 800 = 000 W

Total loss = 800 + 1700 + 1000 = 3500 W
at 50% load, output = 25 kW
= b1 losses l 100
input
3500
= 1
25 # 103 + 3500
= 87.71%
SOL 3.140
A
I
D
* Option ( ) is correct.
Given Two identical Generator each of 100 MVA in parallel
P = 100 MW at, p.f. = 0.8 lagging
Equal load sharing at initial.
If
I f 1 = reduced by 5% and I f 2 = increased by 5%
.in
Then load sharing of generator = ? .co
O
N
Xd = Xa = 0.8
ww
ia
d
.no
Case I
Load sharing of each generator equal i.e 50 MW at 0.8 p.f. lagging
i.e 40 MW and 30 MVAR
V =I=1 u
Back emf of generators
EA1 = EB1 = V + IXd sin
= 1 + 1 # 0.8 # 0.6 = 1.48 Pu
Case II
Now in first generator field in decreased by 5% i.e
EA2 = 0.95 (EA1) = 0.95 # 1.48 = 1.40 Pu
And in second generator field is increased by 5% i.e
EB2 = 1.05, EB1 = 1.05 # 1.48 = 1.554 Pu
In this case I1 and I2 are being given by as
I1 = 1.4 1 = 0.846 Pu
0.48
I2 = 1.554 1 = 1.154 Pu
0.48

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so
PA = 1 # 0.846 = 0.846 Pu
PB = 1 # 1.154 = 1.154 Pu
Load sharing in MW by generator
by generator
MVAR load sharing by generator
MVAR load sharing by generator
1
2
1
2
= 0.846 # 40 = 33.84
= 1.154 # 40 = 46.16
= 0.846 # 30 = 25.38
= 1.154 # 30 = 34.62
Page 176
MW
MW
MVAR
MVAR
***********
A
I
D
O
N
no
w.
.in
co
ia.
ww


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