Pana US
Pana US
Ultrasonic Transducers
WEDGES, CABLES, TEST BLOCKS
Contact
Dual Element
Angle Beam
Shear Wave
Delay Line
Protected Face
Immersion
TOFD
High Frequency
Atlas European Standard
As the frequency increases, the wavelength decreases, which allows for small
flaw detection and thickness/location precision. As frequency decreases, the
wavelength increases which allows for greater penetration into thick and/or
attenuating materials. Other factors such as nearfield length, beam spreading,
and beam diameter also affect frequency selection.
Common pulse echo contact techniques such as contact tests of fine grained
steels generally utilize 2.25 MHz to 5.0 MHz frequencies. Medium carbon steel
castings are generally tested between 1.0 MHz and 5.0 MHz. High carbon and
high alloy steels can require lower frequencies in the range of 0.5 MHz to
1.0 MHz. Thin plastics and ceramics tests utilize frequencies to 20 MHz and
higher. As a general rule, the wavelength should be equal to or smaller than the
minimum size flaw that must be detected.
Where: l = wavelength
l =
C
c = material sound velocity
10 MHz
5.0 MHz
Wavelength to Flaw size ratio of 1 :
Dual
f = frequency
5.0 MHz
Coverage area is an important factor to consider when choosing the transducer element diameter. Beam
spread, or the angle at which the sound beam diverges after the nearfield, also needs to be considered. It
is related to the element diameter, the material sound velocity, and the frequency through the following
formula:
/2
Sin (a/2) =
/2
0.514c
Contact
fD
The effect of element diameter on beam shape
Why does
bandwidth
matter?
Narrowband Transducers
SIGNAL WAVEFORM
0.8
(VOLT)
0.4
0.0
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
1.0
0.8
0.6
3.85
6.2
-6 dB
0.4
-0.4
0.2
-0.8
0.0
( 0.2 s / Division )
0.4
0.0
5
(MHz)
Broadband Transducers
SIGNAL WAVEFORM
0.8
(VOLT)
10
Angle Beam
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
1.0
0.8
0.6
2.25
7.8
-6 dB
0.4
-0.4
0.2
-0.8
(0.2 s/ Division)
Narrowband
SIGNAL WAVEFORM
0.8
Composite
mV / Division
0.4
Broadband
Bandwidth
Low
0.0
-0.4
High
-0.8
(0.2 s / Division)
0.0
Composite Transducers
5
(MHz)
0
7.0
2.67
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
5
(MHz)
10
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
A composite transducer element is made from a standard element that is diced and
filled with epoxy, changing its mechanical and electrical properties. This results in a
transducer that has a combination of broad bandwidth and high sensitivity. Composite
elements have a low acoustic impedance, which results in a more
efficient energy transfer to other low impedance materials. Composites, are
advantageous for flaw detection in grainy or attenuating materials which require good
near surface resolution, high sensitivity, and high signal-to-noise ratios.
dB
High
Types of
Transducers
Sensitivity
understanding
Low
The Company
10
Delay Line
Piezo-Composite Element
Direction of
Particle Motion
Direction of
Wave Propagation
Longitudinal Wave
Direction of
Particle Motion
Direction of
Wave Propagation
Shear Wave
A wave mode is defined by the motion of the molecules within a sample. The two most common wave
modes that are utilized in ultrasonic NDT are longitudinal waves and shear waves. These two modes travel
at different sound speeds within a material. The shear mode wavelength is typically close to 1/2 the
wavelength of the longitudinal mode at a given frequency.
Longitudinal In this mode, particles move in the same direction as the wave is traveling. Longitudinal
waves are used for most thickness gaging and straight beam flaw detection applications, as well as angle
beam flaw detection in coarse grained materials, such as cast stainless steel, where shorter wavelengths
are unable to penetrate.
Shear In this mode, particles move perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling. Since in general,
the shear wave wavelength is approximately 1/2 the wavelength of the longitudinal wave, smaller flaws
can be located at a given frequency. Shear waves are used to improve detection of small reflectors in angle
beam flaw detection, as well as to determine shear wave velocity components for material characterization.
Immersion
BD (-6db) =
1.02 Fc
fD
Where:
BD = beam diameter
F = focal length
c = material sound velocity
f = frequency
D = element diameter
Beam Shape of
Cylindrical Focus
Beam Shape of
Spherical Focus
N=
D2f
4c
Where: N = nearfield
D = element diameter
f = frequency
c = material sound velocity
Amplitude variations
in the nearfield
www.olympus-ims.com
Copyright 20062009 by Olympus NDT. All rights reserved.
920-205A_EN - Poster_Transducer_EN_200909
Table of Contents
The Company. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Panametrics Ultrasonic Transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Transducer Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part Number Configurations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Test and Documentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contact Transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
6
7
8
Standard Contact. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Magnetic Hold Down Contact. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
12
13
13
13
13
14
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
20
21
21
21
Immersion Transducers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Standard Case. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Large Diameter Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
23
24
24
24
25
25
25
26
26
26
27
28
29
29
29
30
31
31
31
32
32
33
34
34
34
TOFD Transducers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Miniature Screw-in TOFD Transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Special Transducers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Combination Longitudinal/Shear Mode Transducers. . . . . . . . . .
Variable Angle Beam Wedge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Low Frequency Narrowband Transducers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
500 kHz Broadband/Highly Damped Transducers. . . . . . . . . . . .
Continuous High Temperature Delay Line Transducer. . . . . . . . .
36
36
36
36
36
Test Blocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Calibration Blocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Reference Blocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Thickness Calibration Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Cables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Standard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy Duty (HD). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waterproof (W). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Armored Stainless Steel (SSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Double Shielded (DS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cables with Handle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Standard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy Duty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Armored. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy Duty, Armored PVC (HDAP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy Duty, Armored Super Flexible Silicone (HDAS). . . . . . . . .
Atlas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
40
40
40
40
40
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
Transducer Selection
The transducer is one of the most critical components of any ultrasonic system. A great deal of attention should be paid to
selecting the proper transducer for the application.
The performance of the system as a whole is of great importance. Variations in instrument characteristics and settings as well
as material properties and coupling conditions play a major role in system performance.
We have developed three different series of transducers to respond to the need for variety. Each series has its own unique
characteristics.
Transducer configuration also has an impact on system performance. Consideration should be given to the use of focused
transducers, transducers with wear surfaces that are appropriate for the test material, and the choice of the appropriate
frequency and element diameter.
The summaries below provide a general description of the performance characteristics of each transducer series. While
these guidelines are quite useful, each application is unique and performance will be dependent on electronics, cabling, and
transducer configuration, frequency, and element diameter.
Accuscan S
SIGNAL WAVEFORM
0.8
(VOLT)
0.4
0.0
-0.4
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.0
mV / Division
0.4
0.0
-0.4
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
-20
-30
-40
-50
0
(VOLT)
0.4
5
(MHz)
Videoscan
0.8
7.0
2.67
-10
SIGNAL WAVEFORM
10
-0.8
-0.8
5
(MHz)
dB
0.8
-0.4
Centrascan
SIGNAL WAVEFORM
6.2
-6 dB
0.2
-0.8
0.0
3.85
0.4
10
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
1.0
0.8
0.6
2.25
7.8
-6 dB
0.4
0.2
0.0
5
(MHz)
Note: For more information on bandwidth and sensitivity versus resolution, please refer to the "Ultrasonic Transducers Technical Notes" starting on page 42.
Note: For sample test forms of transducers that you are interested in purchasing or if you have questions, please contact us via phone, fax, or e-mail.
10
Contact Transducers: A contact transducer is a single element transducer, usually generating a longitudinal wave,
that is intended for direct contact with a test piece. All contact transducers are equipped with a WC5 wear face that
offers superior wear resistance and probe life as well as providing an excellent acoustic impedance match to most
metals. Please see "Contact Transducers" on page 8 for more details on longitudinal contact probes or "Normal
Incidence Shear Wave Transducers" on page 17 for information on normal incidence shear wave transducers.
Dual Element Transducers: A dual element transducer consists of two longitudinal wave crystal elements (one
transmitter and one receiver) housed in the same case and isolated from one another by an acoustic barrier. The
elements are angled slightly towards each other to bounce a signal off the backwall of a part in a V-shaped pattern.
Dual element transducers typically offer more consistent readings on heavily corroded parts, and can also be used
in high temperature environments. Please see "Dual Element Transducers" on page 10 for more information on
dual element transducers for flaw detection or "Dual Element Transducers for Thickness Gages" on page 30 for
dual element probes for use with Olympus NDT corrosion gages.
Angle Beam Transducers: Angle beam transducers are single element transducers used with a wedge to
introduce longitudinal or shear wave sound into a part at a selected angle. Angle beam transducers allow
inspections in areas of a part that cannot be accessed by the ultrasonic path of a normal incidence contact
transducer. A common use for angle beam transducers is in weld inspection, where a weld crown blocks access
to the weld zone of interest for a standard contact transducer and where typical flaw alignment produces stronger
reflections from an angled beam. Please see "Angle Beam Transducers and Wedges" on page 12 for additional
information on angle beam transducers and wedges. For a detailed explanation of how wedges are designed using
Snells Law please "Focal Length Variations due to Acoustic Velocity and Geometry of the Test Part" on page 48.
Delay Line Transducers: Delay line transducers are single element broadband contact transducers designed
specifically to incorporate a short piece of plastic or epoxy material in front of the transducer element. Delay lines
offer improved resolution of flaws very near to the surface of a part and allow thinner range and more accurate
thickness measurements of materials. Delay lines can be contoured to match the surface geometry of a part and
can also be used in high temperature applications. For more information on delay line transducers and delay line
options, please see "Delay Line Transducers" on page 18.
Protected Face Transducers: Protected face transducers are single element longitudinal wave transducers with
threaded case sleeves, which allow for a delay line, wear cap, or membrane. This makes them extremely versatile
and able to cover a very wide range of applications. Protected face transducers can also be used as a direct
contact transducer on lower impedance materials such as rubber or plastic for an improved acoustic impedance
match. Please see "Protected Face Transducers" on page 20 for more information on protected face transducers
and the options available for use with them.
Immersion Transducers: Immersion transducers are single element longitudinal wave transducers, whose wear
face is impedance matched to water. Immersion transducers have sealed cases allowing them to be completely
submerged under water when used with a waterproof cable. By using water as both a couplant and delay line,
immersion transducers are ideal for use in scanning applications where consistent coupling to the part is essential.
As an additional option, immersion transducers can also be focused to increase the sound intensity in a specific
area and decrease the spot size of the sound beam. For additional information on immersion transducers and in
depth explanation of focusing, please see "Immersion Transducers" on page 48.
High Frequency Transducers: High frequency transducers are either delay line or focused immersion transducers
and are available in frequencies from 20 MHz to 225 MHz. High frequency delay line transducers are capable of
making thickness measurements on materials as thin as 0.0004 in. (0.010 mm) (dependent on material, transducer,
surface condition, temperature, and setup), while high frequency focused immersion transducers are ideal for high
resolution imaging and flaw detection applications on thin, low attenuation materials such as silicon microchips. For
more information on all high frequency transducers, please see "High Frequency Transducers" on page 28.
SB
RPL1
Right Angle Potted
Cable Terminating in
LEMO 1 Connectors
RM
SM
SU
RP
Right Angle
Microdot
Straight
Microdot
Contoured
Delays
Contoured Wedges
AID
(Immersion Transducers)
AOD
CC-R
Spherical Focus
Concave Radius
Axial Inside
Diameter
Axial Outside
Diameter
CX-R
CID
COD
Convex Radius
Circumferential
Inside Diameter
Circumferential
Outside Diameter
Focal Types
CF
Cylindrical Focus
Focal Designations
FPF
OLF
PTF
Contact Transducers
A contact transducer is a single element longitudinal wave
transducer intended for use in direct contact with a test
piece.
Advantages
Proprietary WC-5 wear plate increases durability, fracture
resistance, and wear resistance
All styles are designed for use in rugged industrial environments
Close acoustic impedance matching to most metals
Can be used to test a wide variety of materials
Applications
Straight beam flaw detection and thickness gaging
Detection and sizing of delaminations
Freq
in.
ACCUSCAN-S
CENTRASCAN
VIDEOSCAN
0.5
1.00
25
A101S-RM
V101-RM
1.00
25
A102S-RM
V102-RM
0.75
19
A114S-RM
V114-RM
0.50
13
A103S-RM
V103-RM
1.00
25
A104S-RM
V104-RM
0.75
19
A105S-RM
V105-RM
0.50
13
A106S-RM
C106-RM
V106-RM
0.375
10
A125S-RM
C125-RM
V125-RM
0.25
A133S-RM
C133-RM
V133-RM
1.00
25
A180S-RM
0.75
19
A181S-RM
V181-RM
0.5
13
A182S-RM
V182-RM
0.375
10
A183S-RM
V183-RM
0.25
A184S-RM
1.00
25
A107S-RM
V107-RM
0.75
19
A108S-RM
V108-RM
0.50
13
A109S-RM
C109-RM
V109-RM
0.375
10
A126S-RM
C126-RM
V126-RM
0.25
A110S-RM
C110-RM
V110-RM
0.125
V1091
0.50
13
A120S-RM
0.375
10
A122S-RM
V122-RM
1.0
Fingertip Contact
Units larger than 0.25 in. (6 mm) are knurled for easier grip
2.25
3.5
(A)
(B)
1.00
1.25
0.63
0.75
1.00
0.63
0.25
A121S-RM
V121-RM
0.50
0.70
0.63
0.50
13
A111S-RM
V111-RM
0.375
0.53
0.50
0.375
10
A127S-RM
V127-RM
0.25
0.35
0.42
0.25
A112S-RM
V112-RM
0.125
V129-RM
15
0.25
A113S-RM
V113-RM
20
0.125
V116-RM
0.125
V106-RM
0.25
V110-RM
V116-RM
A110S-SM
mm
MHz
Nominal
Element Size
V113-SM
0.38
7.5
10
Standard Contact
Comfort Fit sleeves designed to be easily held and to provide a
steady grip while wearing gloves
V104-RB
V105-SB
V103-RB
Nominal
Element Size
ACCUSCAN-S
VIDEOSCAN
0.1
1.50
38
V1011
0.25
1.50
38
V1012
1.5
38
A189S-RB
V189-RB
1.125
29
A191S-RB
V191-RB
1.00
25
A101S-RB
V101-RB
1.50
38
A192S-RB
V192-RB
1.125
29
A194S-RB
V194-RB
1.00
25
A102S-RB
V102-RB
0.75
19
A114S-RB
V114-RB
CENTRASCAN
0.50
13
A103S-RB
V103-RB
C103-SB
1.5
38
A195S-RB
V195-RB
1.125
29
A197S-RB
V197-RB
1.00
25
A104S-RB
V104-RB
0.75
19
A105S-RB
V105-RB
0.50
13
A106S-RB
V106-RB
0.25 1
6 25
A188S-RB*
1.00
25
A180S-RB
V180-RB
0.75
19
A181S-RB
V181-RB
0.50
13
A182S-RB
V182-RB
1.00
25
A107S-RB
V107-RB
0.75
19
A108S-RB
V108-RB
0.50
13
A109S-RB
V109-RB
0.50
13
A120S-RB
V120-RB
0.50
13
A111S-RB
V111-RB
0.5
1.0
2.25
3.5
5.0
7.5
10
in.
mm
Transducer Dimensions
(in inches)
Nominal
Element Size
(A)
(B)
(C)
1.50
1.75
2.23
1.25
1.50*
1.75
2.50
2.50
1.125
1.38
1.79
1.25
1.00
1.25
1.60
1.25
0.25 1.00
1.25
1.60
1.25
0.75
1.00
1.37
1.25
0.50
0.63
1.16
1.25
M1057
M1057
Part Number
in.
mm
0.5
13
M1042
0.25
M1057
0.5
13
M1056
0.25
M1054
0.25
M1055
Note: All above magnetic hold down transducers have straight Microdot
connectors.
Transducer Dimensions
(in inches)
Nominal Element
Size
(A)
(B)
0.50
0.81
0.63
0.25
0.50
0.42
Advantages
Improves near surface resolution
Eliminates delay line multiples for high temperature applications
Couples well on rough or curved surfaces
Reduces direct back-scattering noise in coarse grained or
scattering materials
Combines penetration capabilities of a lower frequency single
element transducer with the near surface resolution capabilities
of a higher frequency single element transducer
Can be contoured to conform to curved parts
Two angled elements create a V-shaped sound path in the test material. This
pseudo-focus enhances resolution in the focal zone.
Applications
Remaining wall thickness measurement
Corrosion/erosion monitoring
Weld overlay and cladding bond/disbond inspection
BCMD-316-5F
L1CMD-316-5F
LCMD-316-5F
DHC709-RM
DHC706-RM
BCMD-316-5F
DHC711-RM
Frequency
Frequency
MHz
1.0
2.25
5.0
10
10
in.
mm
Nominal
Element Size
in.
mm
0.50
13
Transducer
Part Numbers
0.50
13
DHC703-RM
0.50
13
DHC706-RM
0.25
DHC785-RM
0.50
13
DHC709-RM
0.25
DHC711-RM
0.25
DHC713-RM
Fingertip Duals
Knurled case, except the 0.25 in. (6 mm) element size
High-strength flexible 6 ft. (1.8 m) potted cable (fits BNC or
Large LEMO 1 connectors)
Nominal
Element Size
Frequency
in.
mm
Fits BNC
Connector
0.75
19
D714-RP
D714-RPL1
0.50
13
D703-RP
D703-RPL1
0.75
19
D705-RP
D705-RPL1
0.50
13
D706-RP
D706-RPL1
0.375
10
D771-RP
D771-RPL1
0.25
D785-RP
D785-RPL1
0.75
19
D781-RP
D781-RPL1
0.50
13
D782-RP
D782-RPL1
0.375
10
D783-RP
D783-RPL1
0.25
D784-RP
D784-RPL1
0.75
19
D708-RP
D708-RPL1
0.50
13
D709-RP
D709-RPL1
0.375
10
D710-RP
D710-RPL1
0.25
D711-RP
D711-RPL1
0.50
13
D720-RP
D720-RPL1
0.25
D721-RP
D721-RPL1
0.50
13
D712-RP
D712-RPL1
0.25
D713-RP
D713-RPL1
MHz
1.0
2.25
3.5
5.0
7.5
10
Transducer
Part Numbers
2.25
5.0
Nominal
Element Size
Roof Angle
()
Transducer
Part Numbers
in.
mm
1.00
25
D7079
0.50
13
D7071
0.50
13
1.5
D7072
0.50
13
2.6
D7074
0.50
13
3.5
D7073
1.00
25
D7080
0.50
13
D7075
0.50
13
1.5
D7076
0.50
13
2.6
D7078
0.50
13
3.5
D7077
D706-RP
D705-RP
Tip
Diameter
in.
0.20
mm
5
Nominal
Element Size
in.
0.15
MTD705
Transducer Dimensions
(in inches)
Nominal
Element Size
(A)
(B)
(C)
1.00*
1.25
0.75
1.00
0.75
1.00
0.75
0.75
0.50
0.70
0.75
0.50
0.50*
0.70
0.63
0.61
0.375
0.53
0.62
0.375
0.25
0.35
0.54
0.25
D711-RP
Transducer
Part Number
mm
3.8
Fingertip and
Extended Range Dual
BCLPD-78-5
BCLPD-78-5
L1CLPD-78-5
LCLPD-78-5
MTD705
Miniature Tip Dual
11
Advantages
Three-material design of our Accupath wedges improves
signal-to-noise characteristics while providing excellent wear
resistance
High temperature wedges available for in-service inspection of
hot materials
Wedges can be customized to create nonstandard refracted
angles
Available in interchangeable or integral designs
Contouring available
Wedges and integral designs are available with standard
refracted angles in aluminum (see "Shear Wave Wedges for
Aluminum" on page 15) .
Miniature angle beam transducers and wedges are used primarily for testing of
weld integrity. Their design allows them to be easily scanned back and forth and
provides a short approach distance.
Applications
Flaw detection and sizing
For time-of-flight diffraction transducers, see "TOFD
Transducers" on page 43 .
C543-SM
ABWM-4T-X
C540-SM
ABSA-5T-X
ABSA-5T-X
A551S-SM
SPE260S-IHC
0 .50
0 .375
0 .25
mm
13
10
Frequency
MHz
ACCUSCAN-S
CENTRASCAN
VIDEOSCAN
1 .0
A539S-SM
C539-SM
V539-SM
2 .25
A540S-SM
C540-SM
V540-SM
3 .5
A545S-SM
C545-SM
V545-SM
5 .0
A541S-SM
C541-SM
V541-SM
10 .0
A547S-SM
V547-SM
1 .0
C548-SM
1 .5
A548S-SM
2 .25
A549S-SM
C549-SM
V549-SM
3 .5
A550S-SM
C550-SM
V550-SM
5 .0
A551S-SM
C551-SM
V551-SM
10 .0
A552S-SM
V552-SM
2 .25
A542S-SM
C542-SM
3 .5
A546S-SM
C546-SM
5 .0
A543S-SM
C543-SM
V543-SM
A544S-SM
C544-SM
V544-SM
10
12
Trasnducer Dimensions
(in inches)
Nominal
Element
Size
Thread
Pitch
(A)
(B)
(C)
0 .50
0 .71
0 .685
0 .257
11/16 - 24
V542-SM
0 .375
0 .58
0 .65
0 .257
9/16 - 24
V546-SM
0 .25
0 .44
0 .55
0 .22
3/8 - 32
Accupath Wedges
ABSA-5T-X
ABSA-5T-X
ABWM-4T-X
ABWM-7T-X
ABSA-7T-X
ABSA-4T-X
ABWM-5T-X
in.
mm
Short Approach
Accupath*
High Temp*
500F (260C)
Surface Wave 90
Scanner
Compatible**
0.50
13
ABSA-5T-X
ABWM-5T-X
ABWHT-5T-X
ABWVHT-5T-X
ABWML-5T-90
SPE3-XXS-IHC
0.375
10
ABSA-7T-X
ABWM-7T-X
ABWHT-7T-X
ABWVHT-7T-X
ABWML-7T-90
SPE2-XXS-IHC
0.25
ABSA-4T-X
ABWM-4T-X
ABWHT-4T-X
ABWVHT-4T-X
ABWML-4T-90
SPE1-XXS-IHC
Short Approach Wedges are available in standard refracted shear wave angles of 45, 60, and 70 in steel at 5.0 MHz.
*Accupath Wedges are available in standard refracted shear wave angles of 30, 45, 60, and 70 in steel at 5.0 MHz.
**SPE Wedges are available in standard refracted shear wave angles of 45, 60, and 70 in steel
mm
Accupath*
Surface Wave 90
Scanner Compatible**
0.50
13
ABWM-5ST-X
ABWML-5ST-90
SPE3-XXS-IHC
0.375
10
ABWM-7ST-X
ABWML-7ST-90
SPE2-XXS-IHC
0.25
ABWM-4ST-X
ABWML-4ST-90
SPE1-XXS-IHC
*Accupath Wedges are available in standard refracted shear wave angles of 30, 45, 60, and 70 in steel at 10 MHz.
**SPE Wedges are available in standard refracted shear wave angles of 45, 60, and 70 in steel
Short Approach Wedge Dimensions (Miniature Screw-in)
Fits Nominal Element Size (in inches)
0.5
0.375
0.25
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
45
0.70
1.03
0.73
0.38
0.60
0.85
0.61
0.32
0.43
0.61
0.43
0.235
60
0.74
1.19
0.73
0.45
0.67
1.00
0.61
0.367
0.48
0.71
0.43
0.268
70
0.79
1.34
0.73
0.50
0.69
1.12
0.61
0.406
0.50
0.81
0.43
0.305
0.375
0.25
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
30
0.72
1.22
0.77
0.54
0.62
1.03
0.65
0.42
0.49
0.66
0.45
0.23
45
0.85
1.31
0.77
0.49
0.76
1.14
0.65
0.41
0.53
0.74
0.45
0.24
60
1.00
1.66
0.77
0.66
0.87
1.41
0.65
0.52
0.63
0.95
0.45
0.32
70
1.00
1.82
0.77
0.73
0.92
1.52
0.65
0.51
0.66
1.08
0.45
0.36
90
1.25
1.84
0.77
1.00
1.48
0.65
0.83
1.13
0.45
*Wedge dimensions for 10 MHz transducers are slightly different; please consult us for details.
13
1.00
0.50
1.00
0.50
mm
25
13
25
13
Frequency
MHz
ACCUSCAN-S
0.5
1.0
CENTRASCAN
VIDEOSCAN
A414S-SB
V414-SB
A407S-SB
C407-SM
V407-SB
2.25
A408S-SB
C408-SB
V408-SB
3.5
A411S-SB
C411-SB
5.0
A409S-SB
V409-SB
0.5
A413S-SB
V413-SB
1.0
A401S-SB
C401-SB
V401-SB
2.25
A403S-SB
C403-SB
V403-SB
3.5
A412S-SB
C412-SB
5.0
A405S-SB
C405-SB
V405-SB
1.0
A402S-SB
C402-SB
V402-SB
2.25
A404S-SB
C404-SB
V404-SB
3.5
A415S-SB
C415-SB
5.0
A406S-SB
C406-SB
V406-SB
Accupath*
High Temp*
500F (260C)
Very High
Temp* 900 F
(480C)
Surface Wave 90
ABWS-3-X
ABWHT-3-X
ABWVHT-3-X
ABWSL-3-90
ABWS-2-X
ABWHT-2-X
ABWVHT-2-X
ABWSL-2-90
ABWS-1-X
ABWHT-1-X
ABWVHT-1-X
ABWSL-1-90
*Wedges are available in standard refracted shear wave angles of 30, 45, 60, and 70 in steel at 5.0 MHz.
Accupath and Surface Wave Wedge Dimensions (Standard)
Nominal Element Size (in inches)
1.00
0.50 1.00
0.50
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
30
1.69
2.15
1.62
1.15
1.30
1.30
1.60
0.76
1.20
1.42
1.10
0.83
45
1.47
1.96
1.63
0.97
1.30
1.41
1.60
0.78
1.20
1.31
1.08
0.70
60
1.50
2.18
1.63
1.00
1.30
1.50
1.60
0.67
1.20
1.48
1.08
0.68
70
1.50
2.47
1.63
1.13
1.35
1.77
1.60
0.85
1.20
1.58
1.09
0.68
90
1.50
2.50
1.65
0.44
1.20
1.34
1.60
1.20
1.34
1.00
Transducer Dimensions
(in inches)
ABWS-2-X
Nominal
Element
Size
ABWS-1-X
ABWS-1-X
14
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
1.00
1.25
0.63
1.38
1.65
0.50 1.00
0.73
0.63
1.31
1.53
0.50
0.72
0.63
0.81
1.02
A592S-SM
A592S-RM
Transducer
Case
Nominal
Element Size
in.
Miniature
Micro-Miniature
Frequency
mm
0.25
0.25
0.187
0.187
Material
Connector
Style
45
60
70
90
Steel
RM
A561S-RM
A562S-RM
A563S-RM
A564S-RM*
MHz
2.25
66
55
5.0
Steel
RM
A571S-RM
A572S-RM
A573S-RM
A574S-RM*
5.0
Aluminum
RM or SM
A591S
A592S
A593S
see note*
2.25
Steel
RM
A5050
A5053*
5.0
Steel
RM
A5020
A5023
A5021
5.0
Steel
SM
A5015
A5014
A5013
5.0
Aluminum
SM
A5067
A5068
A5069
see note*
10
Steel
SM
A5054
*A564S-RM, A574S-RM, and A5053 create surface waves in steel and aluminum.
0.187in., RM Style
A5023
0.187in., SM Style
A5014
A564S-RM
Screw-In
Standard
Nominal
Element Size
in.
mm
30
45
60
70
90
0.50
13
ABWM-5053T
ABWM-5027T
ABWM-5028T
ABWM-5029T
ABWML-5041T
0.375
10
ABWM-7024T
ABWM-7025T
ABWM-7026T
ABWM-7027T
ABWML-7028T
0.25
ABWM-4086T
ABWM-4087T
ABWM-4088T
ABWM-4089T
ABWML-4074T
ABWSL-3039
1.00
25
ABWS-3028
ABWS-3016
ABWS-3029
ABWS-3030
0.50 1.00
13 25
ABWS-2021
ABWS-2022
ABWS-2023
ABWS-2024
ABWSL-2056
0.50
13
ABWS-1033
ABWS-1034
ABWS-1035
ABWS-1036
ABWSL-1045
Contoured Wedges
Improve coupling on curved surfaces
When ordering, please specify wedge type, contour orientation, and contour diameter.
Example Part #: ABWM-4T-45-COD-1.25IN
15
Nominal
Element Size
Frequency
in.
MHz
0.625 0.625
0.625 0.75
2.25
0.75 0.75
CENTRASCAN
A430S-SB
C430-SB
A431S-SB
C431-SB
A432S-SB
C432-SB
Accupath
Wedge Part
Number*
ABWS-8 -X
ABWS-6-X
C432-SB
C430-SB
Snail Wedges
ABWS-6-X
Accupath Wedges
Accupath Wedge Dimensions*
(in inches)
ACCUSCAN
Snail
Wedge Part
Number*
* Wedges are available in standard refracted shear wave angles of 45, 60 and 70 in steel. Please
specify upon ordering.
ABWS-8-X
(A)
Transducer
Part Numbers
(C)
(A)
(D)
(B)
(C)
(D)
45
2.15
0.62
1.78
1.25
45
1.50
0.90
1.96
1.50
60
1.91
0.65
1.81
1.25
70
2.17
0.67
1.92
1.25
60
1.68
0.79
2.05
1.50
70
1.66
0.96
2.20
1.50
CDS Wedges
CDS Wedges are used in the 30-70-70
technique for crack detection and sizing.
They are compatible with our replaceable
miniature screw-in angle beam transducers,
making them an economical alternative
to other commercially available products.
For information on transducers, see "Angle
Beam Transducers and Wedges" starting
on page 12.
CDS-7T
Fits Nominal Element
Size
in.
C551-SM
Wedge Part
Number
CDS-4T
mm
0.25
CDS-4T
0.375
10
CDS-7T
A543S-SM
Understanding CDS
The 30-70-70 crack detection technique uses a single element transducer with a
CDS wedge for detection and sizing of ID connected cracks. This technique uses
a combination of three waves for sizing flaws of different depths.
An OD creeping wave creates a 31.5 degree indirect shear (red in diagram to the left)
wave, which mode converts to an ID creeping wave; this will produce a reflected signal
on all ID connected cracks.
A 30 degree shear wave (orange in diagram to the left) will reflect off the material ID at
the critical angle and mode convert to a 70 degree longitudinal wave; a signal will be
received by the transducer on mid-wall deep cracks.
A 70 degree longitudinal wave (blue in diagram to the left) will reflect off the tip of a deep
wall crack.
Based on the presence or absence of these three waves, both detection and sizing of ID connected cracks is possible.
16
Advantages
Generate shear waves which propagate perpendicular to the
test surface
For ease of alignment, the direction of the polarization of shear
wave is nominally in line with the right angle connector.
The ratio of the longitudinal to shear wave components is
generally below -30 dB.
Applications
Shear wave velocity measurements
Calculation of Youngs Modulus of elasticity and shear modulus
("Technical Notes -Normal Incidence Shear Wave Transducers"
on page 49)
Characterization of material grain structure
We recommend the use of our SWC shear wave couplant for general purpose
testing.
V155-RB
V220-BA-RM
V153-RM
V222-BB-RM
V156-RM
V222-BC-RM
V157-RM
Nominal
Element Size
in.
mm
Fingertip Case
0.1
1.00
25
V1548
0.25
1.00
25
V150-RB
V150-RM
0.5
1.00
25
V151-RB
V151-RM
1.00
25
V152-RB
V152-RM
0.50
13
V153-RB
V153-RM
0.50
13
V154-RB
V154-RM
0.50
13
V155-RB
V155-RM
0.25
V156-RM
0.125
V157-RM
1.0
2.25
5.0
Frequency
MHz
Nominal
Element Size
Transducer
Part Numbers
mm
s.
5.0
0.25
V220-BA-RM
10
0.25
V221-BA-RM
0.25
V222-BA-RM
0.25
V222-BB-RM
0.25
V222-BC-RM
20
in.
Delay
17
Advantages
Heavily damped transducer combined with the use of a delay
line provides excellent near surface resolution.
Higher transducer frequency improves resolution.
Improves the ability to measure thin materials or find small flaws
while using the direct contact method
Contouring available to fit curved parts
Applications
Precision thickness gaging
Straight beam flaw detection
Inspection of parts with limited contact areas
Replaceable Delay Line Transducers
Each transducer comes with a standard delay line and retaining
ring
High temperature and dry couple delay lines are available
Requires couplant between transducer and delay line tip
Nominal
Element Size
Frequency
Transducer
Part Numbers
MHz
in.
2.25
0.25
V204-RM
5.0
0.50
0.25
13
6
V206-RM
V201-RM
10
0.25
0.125
6
3
V202-RM
V203-RM
15
0.25
V205-RM
20
0.125
V208-RM
V206-RM
V204-RM
mm
Spring-loaded
Holder, 2133
V208-RM
18
Standard
Delay Line
High Temperature
350 F max.
(175C)
500 F max.
(260C)
900 F max.
(480C)
Dry Couple
Delay Line
Spare
Retaining
Ring
Spring Loaded
Holders
mm
0.50
13
DLH-2
DLHT-201
DLHT-2
DLHT-2G
DLS-2
DRR-2
2130
0.25
DLH-1
DLHT-101
DLHT-1
DLHT-1G
DLS-1
DRR-1
0.125
DLH-3
DLHT-301
DLHT-3
DLHT-3G
DLS-3
DRR-3
DLP-301
V260-SM
V260-45
V260-RM
Nominal
Element Size
in.
0.125
Part Number
in.
mm
0.080
2.0
DLP-3
0.060
1.5
DLP-302
0.080
2.0
DLP-301*
Transducer
Part Numbers
mm
Straight
Handle
Right Angle
Handle
45
Handle
V260-SM
V260-RM
V260-45
Nominal
Element Size
Delay Line
Length
M2055
Transducer Part
Number
MHz
in.
mm
20
0.125
1.5
M2054
20
0.125
4.5
M2055
20
0.125
4.0
V2034
V2034
M2054
M2055
V2034
19
Protective
Membrane
Ring
Protective Membrane
Delay Line
Advantages
Provides versatility by offering removable delay line,
protective wear cap, and protective membrane
When the transducer is used alone (without any of the
options), the epoxy wear face provides good acoustic
impedance matching into plastics, many composites,
and other low impedance materials.
Protective
Wear Cap
Applications
Straight beam flaw detection
Thickness gaging
A604S-RB
A609S-RB
Frequency
MHz
0.5
1.0
2.25
3.5
5.0
10
20
Nominal
Element Size
in.
mm
ACCUSCAN-S
CENTRASCAN
VIDEOSCAN
1.50
38
A689S-RB
V689-RB
1.125
29
A691S-RB
V691-RB
1.00
25
A601S-RB
V601-RB
1.50
38
A692S-RB
V692-RB
1.125
29
A694S-RB
V694-RB
1.00
25
A602S-RB
C602-RB
V602-RB
0.75
19
A614S-RB
V614-RB
0.50
13
A603S-RB
C603-RB
V603-RB
1.50
38
A695S-RB
V695-RB
1.125
29
A697S-RB
V697-RB
1.00
25
A604S-RB
C604-RB
V604-RB
0.75
19
A605S-RB
V605-RB
0.50
13
A606S-RB
C606-RB
V606-RB
1.00
25
A680S-RB
V680-RB
0.75
19
A681S-RB
V681-RB
0.50
13
A682S-RB
V682-RB
1.00
25
A607S-RB
V607-RB
0.75
19
A608S-RB
V608-RB
0.50
13
A609S-RB
C609-RB
V609-RB
0.50
13
A611S-RB
V611-RB
Transducer Dimensions
(in inches)
Nominal Element
Size
(A)
(B)
(C)
1.50
1.53
1.75
2.25
1.125
1.53
1.38
1.81
1.00
1.53
1.25
1.63
0.75
1.53
0.99
1.41
0.50
1.53
0.63
1.19
VHTD
HTD
WTD
Nominal
Element Size
in.
Delay Line
Retaining
Ring
350 F max.
(175C)
500 F max.
(260C)
900 F max.
(480C)
mm
1.00
25
DRN-3
WTD-3-x
HTD-3-x
VHTD-3-x
0.75
19
DRN-4
WTD-4-x
HTD-4-x
VHTD-4-x
0.50
13
DRN-5
WTD-5-x
HTD-5-x
VHTD-5-x
MRN-5
PM
NWC-3
Membranes
Only*
Membrane
Retaining
Ring
mm
pkg of 12
pkg of 60
1.50
38
PM-1-12
PM-1-60
MRN-1
1.125
29
PM-2-12
PM-2-60
1.00
25
PM-3-12
0.75
19
0.50
13
Kits
Nominal
Element Size
in.
Protective
Wear Caps
mm
1.50
38
NWC-1
PMK-1
1.125
29
NWC-2
MRN-2
PMK-2
1.00
25
NWC-3
PM-3-60
MRN-3
PMK-3
0.75
19
NWC-4
PM-4-12
PM-4-60
MRN-4
PMK-4
0.50
13
NWC-5
PM-5-12
PM-5-60
MRN-5
PMK-5
*Available in 36 in. 36 in. 1/32 in. sheets. Order part number NPD-665-3101.
Kit includes 12 Membranes, 1 ring, C-2 couplant
21
Immersion Transducers
An immersion transducer is a single element longitudinal wave
transducer with a 1/4 wavelength layer acoustically matched
to water. It is specifically designed to transmit ultrasound in
applications where the test part is partially or wholly immersed
Focused
Unfocused
Advantages
The immersion technique provides a means of uniform coupling.
Quarter wavelength matching layer increases sound energy output.
Corrosion resistant 303 stainless steel case with chrome-plated
brass connectors
Proprietary RF shielding for improved signal-to-noise characteristics
in critical applications
All immersion transducers, except paintbrush, can be focused
spherically (spot) or cylindrically (line) (see "Immersion Transducers"
on page 48).
Customer specified focal length concentrates the sound beam to
increase sensitivity to small reflectors.
V306-SU
Applications
V317-SU
Automated scanning
V309-SU-F2.00IN
A312S-SU-NK-CF1.00IN
Standard Case
Knurled case with Straight UHF
connector (SU)
Contact us for nonknurled case design
and availability of other connector styles.
Frequencies ranging from 1.0 to 25 MHz
If a focus is required,
select a focal length
between min and max.
Frequency
MHz
1.0
2.25
3.5
5.0
7.5
10
15
For more technical information, please refer
to the following pages:
"Focusing Configurations" on page 48
and "Table 1 - Near Field Distance of Flat
Transducers in Water" on page 50
20
25
Nominal
Element Size
in.
mm
ACCUSCAN-S
CENTRASCAN
VIDEOSCAN
0.50
13
A303S-SU
V303-SU
0.60
0.80
0.50
13
A306S-SU
C306-SU
V306-SU
0.80
1.90
0.375
10
C325-SU
V325-SU
0.50
1.06
0.25
C323-SU
V323-SU
0.35
0.45
0.50
13
A382S-SU
C382-SU
V382-SU
0.83
2.95
0.375
10
C383-SU
V383-SU
0.60
1.65
0.25
C384-SU
V384-SU
0.39
0.70
0.50
13
A309S-SU
C309-SU
V309-SU
0.75
4.20
0.375
10
A326S-SU
C326-SU
V326-SU
0.60
2.35
0.25
A310S-SU
C310-SU
V310-SU
0.43
1.00
0.50
13
A320S-SU
V320-SU
0.75
6.30
0.50
13
A311S-SU
V311-SU
0.75
8.40
0.375
10
A327S-SU
V327-SU
0.60
4.75
0.25
A312S-SU
V312-SU
0.46
2.10
0.50
13
A319S-SU
V319-SU
0.75
11.75
0.375
10
V328-SU
0.60
7.10
0.25
A313S-SU
V313-SU
0.50
3.15
0.25
V317-SU
0.50
4.20
0.125
V316-SU
0.25
1.00
0.25
V324-SU
0.50
5.25
22
Max.
V315-SU-F5.00IN-PTF
Large element diameters increase near field length allowing for longer focal lengths.
A305S-SU
V301-SU
0.5
1.0
2.25
3.5
5.0
7.5
10
Nominal
Element Size
Unfocused
Transducer Part Numbers
in.
mm
ACCUSCAN-S
CENTRASCAN
VIDEOSCAN
Min.
Max.
1.50
38
A389S-SU
V389-SU
2.15
3.80
1.125
29
A391S-SU
V391-SU
1.50
2.10
1.00
25
A301S-SU
V301-SU
1.25
1.65
0.75
19
V318-SU
0.78
0.93
1.50
38
A392S-SU
V392-SU
2.50
7.56
1.125
29
A394S-SU
V394-SU
1.90
4.30
1.00
25
A302S-SU
C302-SU
V302-SU
1.63
3.38
0.75
18
A314S-SU
V314-SU
1.00
1.90
1.50
38
A395S-SU
V395-SU
2.70
14.50
1.125
29
A397S-SU
V397-SU
2.15
9.50
1.00
25
A304S-SU
C304-SU
V304-SU
1.88
7.60
0.75
19
A305S-SU
C305-SU
V305-SU
1.00
4.30
1.00
25
A380S-SU
C380-SU
V380-SU
1.95
11.25
0.75
19
A381S-SU
C381-SU
V381-SU
1.00
6.65
1.00
25
A307S-SU
V307-SU
1.95
14.40
0.75
19
A308S-SU
C308-SU
V308-SU
1.00
9.50
0.75
19
A321S-SU
V321-SU
1.00
1.00
25
V322-SU
0.75
19
A315S-SU
V315-SU
Transducer Dimensions
(in inches)
Nominal
Element
Size
(A)
(B)
(C)
1.50
1.75
1.81
1.50
1.125
1.38
1.44
1.25
12.75
1.00
1.25
1.31
1.25
2.00
20.00
0.75
1.00
1.06
1.25
1.00
15.37
V312-SM
Nominal
Element Size
Unfocused
Transducer Part Numbers
MHz
in.
mm
ACCUSCAN-S
VIDEOSCAN
Min.
Max.
2.25
0.25
V323-SM
0.35
0.45
3.5
0.25
V384-SM
0.39
0.70
5.0
0.25
A310S-SM
V310-SM
0.43
1.00
10
0.25
A312S-SM
V312-SM
0.46
2.10
15
0.25
A313S-SM
V313-SM
0.50
3.15
0.25
V317-SM
0.50
4.20
0.125
V316-SM
0.25
1.00
0.25
V324-SM
0.50
5.25
20
25
23
Pencil Case
Small diameter, 2 in . (51 mm) long barrel improves access to
difficult-to-reach areas .
Standard connector style is Straight UHF (SU) .
Frequency
Nominal
Element Size
Unfocused
Transducer Part Numbers
MHz
in.
mm
ACCUSCAN-S
VIDEOSCAN
Min.
Max.
2 .25
0 .25
V323-N-SU
0 .35
0 .45
3 .5
0 .25
V384-N-SU
0 .30
0 .70
5 .0
0 .25
A310S-N-SU
V310-N-SU
0 .43
1 .00
10
0 .25
A312S-N-SU
V312-N-SU
0 .46
2 .10
15
0 .25
A313S-N-SU
V313-N-SU
0 .50
3 .15
0 .25
V317-N-SU
0 .50
4 .20
0 .125
V316-N-SU
0 .25
1 .00
0 .25
V324-N-SU
0 .50
5 .25
20
25
Nominal Element
Size
Frequency
V3591
V3343
Focus
MHz
in.
mm
in.
V3591
10
0 .125
0 .50 OLF
V3343
20
0 .125
0 .50 OLF
24
Nominal
Element Size
Part Number
Included
Adapter
MHz
in.
mm
10
.080
XMS-310-B
BNC
10
.080
XMS-310-L
LEMO 01
XMS-310-B
Accuscan Paintbrush
Large scanning index is ideal for inspections of aluminum or steel
plate
Sensitivity uniformity of better than 1.5 dB is maintained across the
transducer face (sensitivity peaks at the edges are also controlled).
Frequency
MHz
Nominal
Element Size
in.
mm
1.50
0.25
38
2.25
3.5
5.0
7.5
7.5
1.0
A331S-SU
A332S-SU
0.8
A333S-SU
A334S-SU
2.25
5.0
A330S-SU
10
3.5
A334S-SU
Transducer
Part Numbers
A340S-SU
2.00
0.25
51
10
Transducer Dimensions
(in inches)
A341S-SU
A342S-SU
Nominal
Element Size
A344S-SU
(B)
(C)
2.00 0.25
0.82
0.75
2.50
1.50 0.25
0.82
0.75
2.00
0.0
-1.00
0.00
TRANSVERSE AXIS (inch)
1.00
-12dB
0.2
Reflector Mirrors
-6dB
0.4
(A)
A343S-SU
-3dB
0.6
Incident Angle
Part Numbers
Fits Connector
Styles
Length
Outside Diameter
in.
mm
in.
mm
1.5
38
UHF to UHF
0.738
18.75
Standard
45
F102
F112
Slim Line
45
F132
F113
51
UHF to UHF
0.738
18.75
Pencil
45
F198
F114
76
UHF to UHF
0.738
18.75
F115
152
UHF to UHF
0.738
18.75
F116
203
UHF to UHF
0.738
18.75
F117
12
305
UHF to UHF
0.738
18.75
F118
18
457
UHF to UHF
0.738
18.75
F119
24
610
UHF to UHF
0.738
18.75
F120
30
762
UHF to UHF
0.738
18.75
F211
12
305
Microdot to
Microdot
0.312
7.92
F102
F132
F198
F116
F115
25
Bubblers
Allows for immersion testing when complete
immersion of parts is not desirable or possible
Designed to maintain a consistent, low volume
flow of water
B103AW
B103A
B103
Part
Numbers
Diameter
Opening
Water Path
in.
mm
in.
mm
MPF-B-0.5
0.300
7.6
1.00
25.4
Standard SU
B103
0.350
8.9
0.775
19.9
Standard SU
B103A
0.350
8.9
0.475
12.1
Standard SU
B103W
0.550
14
0.775
19.7
Standard SU
B103AW
0.550
14
0.475
12.1
Standard SU
B116
0.100
2.5
B117
1.375
34.4
1.9
1.400
35.6
Pump
MHz
26
Nominal
Element Size
in.
Focal Length
Fits SU/RM
case style*
Large
Diameter
Nominal
Element Size
Opening
Type
in.
mm
0.125
flat
0.25
flat
0.125
V-notch
0.25
V-notch
0.125
flat
0.25
flat
0.375
10
V-notch
0.50
13
V-notch
0.375
10
flat
0.50
13
flat
0.125
flat
0.25
flat
1.00
25.4
V-notch
* For more information on SU/RM case styles see "High Frequency SU/RM Immersion Case" on page
29.
For more information on Standard SU case styles see "Standard Case" on page 22.
Frequency
Case Style
Transducer
Part Number
Bubbler
Assembly
Replacement
Tip
Flexible Tip
mm
in.
mm
10
0.25
25
1.00
25
V312B-RM
B120
B120-TIP
B120-FLEX-TIP
20
0.125
0.75
19
V316B-RM
B120
B120-TIP
B120-FLEX-TIP
Advantages:
Variety of element sizes for testing different size weld nuggets
Compatible with either hard tip delay line or water column
Top Row:
Transducer, Water
Column, Membranes
Bottom Row:
Transducer, Delay
Line, Delay Line
Retaining Ring
Applications:
Automotive, appliances, and other critical industrial spot welds
Select either delay line or water column. (Transducers, delay lines, delay line retaining rings, water columns, and membranes need to be ordered separately.)
Delay Line
Retaining Ring
Water Column
Order Membranes
(Below)
SWRR-1
DLCW-1003
SWRR-1
DLCW-1003
SWRR-2
DLCW-2003
0.157
SWRR-2
DLCW-2003
4.5
0.177
SWRR-2
DLCW-2003
15
0.197
SWRR-2
DLCW-2003
V2355
15
5.5
0.217
SWRR-2
DLCW-2003
V2360
15
0.236
SWRR-2
DLCW-2003
V2365
15
6.5
0.256
SWRR-3
DLCW-3003
V2380
15
0.315
SWRR-3
DLCW-3003
V2425
20
2.5
0.098
SWRR-1
DLCW-1003
V2430
20
0.118
SWRR-1
DLCW-1003
V2435
20
3.5
0.138
SWRR-2
DLCW-2003
V2440
20
0.157
SWRR-2
DLCW-2003
V2445
20
4.5
0.177
SWRR-2
DLCW-2003
V2450
20
0.197
SWRR-2
DLCW-2003
V2455
20
5.5
0.217
SWRR-2
DLCW-2003
V2460
20
0.236
SWRR-2
DLCW-2003
V2465
20
6.5
0.256
SWRR-3
DLCW-3003
Transducer
Part Number
Frequency
Mhz
Diameter
(mm)
Diameter
(in.)
Delay Line*
Choose Appropriate Diameter
V2325
15
2.5
0.098
V2330
15
0.118
V2335
15
3.5
0.138
V2340
15
V2345
15
V2350
fits DLCW-2003
fits DLCW-3003
Part Number
Qty./Desc.
Part Number
Qty./Desc.
Part Number
Qty./Desc.
DLCW-1003-MK25
25 Std.
DLCW-2003-MK25
25 Std.
DLCW-3003-MK25
25 Std.
DLCW-1003-MK50
50 Std.
DLCW-2003-MK50
50 Std.
DLCW-3003-MK50
50 Std.
DLCW-1003-MKX25
25 Hvy. Duty
DLCW-2003-MKX25
25 Hvy. Duty
DLCW-3003-MKX25
25 Hvy. Duty
DLCW-1003-MKX50
50 Hvy. Duty
DLCW-2003-MKX50
50 Hvy. Duty
DLCW-3003-MKX50
50 Hvy. Duty
27
Advantages
SIGNAL WAVEFORM
0.8
(VOLT)
0.4
0.0
-0.8
(.005 sec / Division)
Applications
High resolution flaw detection such as inspection for
microporosity or microcracks
-20
Materials analysis
-30
-40
-50
0.00
MHz
20
30
50
75
100
125
Nominal
Element Size
in.
Delay
s.
0.25
4.25
V212-BA-RM
0.25
4.25
V212-BB-RM
0.25
2.5
V212-BC-RM
0.25
4.25
V213-BA-RM
0.25
4.25
V213-BB-RM
0.25
2.5
V213-BC-RM
0.25
4.25
V214-BA-RM
0.25
4.25
V214-BB-RM
0.25
2.5
V214-BC-RM
0.125
4.25
V215-BA-RM
0.125
4.25
V215-BB-RM
0.125
2.5
V215-BC-RM
0.25
2.5
V2022 (BC)
0.125
2.5
V2025 (BC)
0.125
4.25
V2054 (BA)
0.125
2.5
V2012 (BC)
0.125
2.5
V2062
250.00
(MHz)
500.00
Transducer
Part Numbers
mm
28
6dB
dB
-10
Frequency
319
107
V213-BA-RM
V215-BC-RM
V214-BB-RM
Transducer Dimensions
(in inches)
Delay Style
(A)
(B)
(C)
BA
0.72
0.81
1.00
BB
0.34
0.44
0.81
BC
0.34
0.44
0.63
Frequency
MHz
20
30
50
Nominal
Element Size
Delay
Focal
Length
Transducer
Part Numbers
in.
mm
s.
in.
0.25
4.25
flat
mm
0.25
2.5
0.75
19
V372-SU
0.25
4.25
1.25
32
V373-SU
0.25
4.25
2.00
51
V374-SU
0.25
4.25
flat
0.25
2.25
0.75
19
V375-SU
0.25
4.25
1.25
32
V376-SU
0.25
4.25
2.00
51
V377-SU
0.25
4.25
flat
V354-SU
V356-SU
V358-SU
V358-SU
50
75
90
100
Nominal
Element Size
Delay
s.
Focal
Length
Transducer
Part Numbers
in.
mm
in.
mm
0.25
19.5
0.50
13
V390-SU/RM
0.25
19.5
0.75
19
V3192
0.25
19.5
1.00
25
V3193
0.25
19.5
1.75
45
V3409
0.25
19.5
2.00
51
V3337
0.25
9.4
0.20
V3330*
0.125
19.5
0.50
13
V3332
0.25
19.5
0.50
13
V3320
0.25
19.5
0.75
19
V3349
0.25
19.5
0.50
13
V3512
0.25
19.5
0.50
13
V3194
0.25
19.5
1.00
25
V3394
0.25
9.4
0.20
V3534*
0.125
0.25
V3346
10
*Transducers create surface waves in steel, titanium and other materials with similar
velocities. Please contact us for higher frequency. Lightweight High Frequency
transducers are an alternative to the SU/RM case style transducers. They offer a
smaller case width and lighter weight without sacrificing performance.
Frequency
Nominal
Element
Size
MHz
in.
Part Number
1.00
in.
15
0.25
PI15-2-RX.XX"
20
0.25
PI20-2-RX.XX"
35
0.25
PI35-2-RX.XX"
50
0.25
PI50-2-RX.XX"
75
0.125
PI75-1-RX.XX"
0.50, 1.00
Note: Please replace X.XX with the standard focal length of your choice.
Due to the fact that polymer transducers are inherently broadband, their center
frequency may be lower than the frequency indicated on the transducer.
Note: Polymer transducer center frequencies are based on the film thickness of
the polymer film element. Performance is highly dependent on pulser and cable
characteristics and effective center frequency may be 15% to 25% lower than
the nominal value.
D7908
D793
D792/D794
D790-RL
D790
D795
D791-RM
D7226
D790-SL
MTD705
D798-LF
D7906-SM
D790-SM
D799
D798
M2017
M2091
Connector
Type
Connector
Location
Range in Steel
D797-SM
30
Frequency
Tip Diameter
mm
Temperature Range
Wand
Holder
(w/ wand)
MHz
in.
in.
mm
D790
5.0
0.434
11
Potted
Straight
0.040 - 20
1.0 - 508
-5 to 932
-20 to 500
F152
F152A
D790-SM
5.0
0.434
11
Microdot
Straight
0.040 - 20
1.0 - 508
-5 to 932
-20 to 500
F152
F152A
D790-SL
5.0
0.434
11
LEMO 00
Straight
0.040 - 20
1.0 - 508
-5 to 932
-20 to 500
F152
F152A
D790-RL
5.0
0.434
11
LEMO 00
Rt Angle
0.040 - 20
1.0 - 508
-5 to 932
-20 to 500
D791
5.0
0.434
11
Potted
Rt Angle
0.040 - 20
1.0 - 508
-5 to 932
-20 to 500
F153
D791-RM
5.0
0.434
11
Microdot
Rt Angle
0.040 - 20
1.0 - 508
-5 to 752
-20 to 400
D792
10
0.283
7.2
Potted
Straight
0.020 - 1
0.5 - 25
32 to 122
0 to 50
F150
F150A
D793
10
0.283
7.2
Potted
Rt Angle
0.020 - 1
0.5 - 25
32 to 122
0 to 50
F151
D794
5.0
0.283
7.2
Potted
Straight
0.030 - 2
0.75 - 50
32 to 122
0 to 50
F150
F150A
D795
5.0
0.283
7.2
Potted
Rt Angle
0.030 - 2
0.75 - 50
32 to 122
0 to 50
F151
D797
2.0
0.900
22.9
Potted
Rt Angle
0.150 - 25
3.8 - 635
-5 to 752
-20 to 400
D797-SM
2.0
0.900
22.9
Microdot
Straight
0.150 - 25
3.8 - 635
-5 to 752
-20 to 400
D7226
7.5
0.350
8.9
Potted
Rt Angle
0.028 - 4
0.71 - 100
-5 to 300
-20 to 150
D798-LF
7.5
0.350
8.9
Potted
Rt Angle
0.028 - 4
0.71 - 100
-5 to 300
-20 to 150
D798
7.5
0.283
7.2
Potted
Rt Angle
0.028 - 4
0.71 - 100
-5 to 300
-20 to 150
D798-SM
7.5
0.283
7.2
Microdot
Straight
0.028 - 4
0.71 - 100
-5 to 300
-20 to 150
D799
5.0
0.434
11
Potted
Rt Angle
0.040 - 20
1.0 - 508
-5 to 300
-20 to 150
D7910
5.0
0.500
12.7
Potted
Rt Angle
0.040 - 20
1.0 - 508
32 to 122
0 to 50
MTD705
5.0
0.200
5.1
Lepra/Con
Rt Angle
0.040 - 0.75
1.0 - 19
32 to 122
0 to 50
Tip
Diameter
Frequency
MHz
in.
Transducer
Type
Connector
Type
Connector
Location
Range in Steel
mm
Temperature Range
in.
mm
Holder
V260-SM
15
0.080
Sonopen
Microdot
Straight
0.02 - 0.400
0.5 - 10
32 to 122
0 to 50
SLH-V260SM
V260-RM
15
0.080
Sonopen
Microdot
Right Angle
0.02 - 0.400
0.5 - 10
32 to 122
0 to 50
V260-45
15
0.080
Sonopen
Microdot
45 Handle
0.02 - 0.400
0.5 - 10
32 to 122
0 to 50
D7906-SM*
5.0
0.434
11
Thru-Coat Dual
Microdot
Straight
0.040 - 2.0
1.0 - 50
32 to 122
0 to 50
F152 /
F152A
D7906-RM*
5.0
0.434
11
Thru-Coat Dual
Microdot
Right Angle
0.040 - 2.0
1.0 - 50
32 to 122
0 to 50
F152 /
F152A
D7908*
7.5
0.283
7.2
Thru-Coat Dual
Potted
Potted
0.040 - 1.5
0.71 - 37
32 to 122
0 to 50
Steel: 0.5 - 12
Oxide:
0.25 - 1.25
32 to 122
0 to 50
2127
M2017
20
0.250
6.35
Internal Oxide
Scale
Microdot
Right Angle
Steel:
0.020 - 0.50
Oxide:
0.010 - 0.050
M2091
20
0.250
6.35
Replaceable
Delay Line
Shear Wave
Microdot
Right Angle
Steel:
0.020 - 0.50
Oxide:
0.006 - 0.050
Steel: 0.5 - 12
Oxide:
0.150 - 1.25
32 to 122
0 to 50
2127
E110-SB
1.25
28.5
EMAT
BNC
Straight
0.080 - 5
2.0 - 125
32 to 176
0 to 80
Advantages
No need to remove external scale
No couplant required
Use in contact with or at a small distance from surface
Applications
External oxide scaled surfaces
Use with 37DL PLUS** thickness gage, EPOCH LT**, EPOCH 4 Plus, EPOCH XT, EPOCH LTC or EPOCH 1000 flaw detectors
*Temperature specification are 32 F to 140 F (0 C to 60 C) for continuous contact and 176 F (80 C) for intermittent contact, defined as 10 seconds in contact
with part and 60 seconds of cooling time. **Adaptor required. Please order separately. Part number 1/2XA/E110.
Length
feet
Cable
Type
Plug Type
Right Angle
Straight
meters
LCMD-316-5B
D790-SM
5.0
1.5
Standard
Straight
RLCMD-316-5B
D790-SM
5.0
1.5
Standard
Rt Angle
LCMD-178-5B SSA
D790-SM
5.0
1.5
Armored
Straight
RLCMD-178-5B SSA
D790-SM
5.0
1.5
Armored
Rt Angle
LCLD-316-5G
D790-RL
5.0
1.5
Standard
Straight
LCLD-316-5H
D790-SL
5.0
1.5
Standard
Straight
LCMD-316-5C
D791-RM
5.0
1.5
Standard
Straight
LCMD-316-5D
D797-SM
5.0
1.5
Standard
Straight
LCMD-316-5J
D798-SM
5.0
1.5
Standard
Straight
LCMD-316-5L
D7906-SM
5.0
1.5
Standard
Straight
LCMD-316-5N
D7906-RM
5.0
1.5
Standard
Straight
LCLPD-78-5
MTD705
5.0
1.5
Standard
Straight
LCM-74-4
4.0
1.2
Standard
LCM-188-4 SSA
4.0
1.2
Armored
LCB-74-4
E110-SB
4.0
1.2
Standard
31
SIGNAL WAVEFORM
0.8
(VOLT)
0.4
0.0
-0.4
DL2R-7X18
Frequency
MHz
2.0
4.0
Nominal
Element
Size
-0.8
(0.2 sec / Division)
Transducer Part
Number
mm
Focus
in Steel
Typical
Bandwidth
mm
(%)
Connector
Connector
Location
Outline
#
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
1.0
0.8
7 18
DL2R-7X18
15
50
LEMO 00 (2)
Right Angle
0.6
7 18
DL2R-7X18-0
30
50
LEMO 00 (2)
Right Angle
0.4
11
DL2R-11
48
LEMO 00 (2)
Right Angle
0.2
3.5 10
DL4R-3.5X10
10
45
LEMO 00 (2)
Right Angle
0.0
6 20
DL4R-6X20
12
48
LEMO 00 (2)
Right Angle
6 20
DL4R-6X20-0
25
48
LEMO 00 (2)
Right Angle
3.22
5.08
-6 dB
4
(MHz)
Contact Transducers
SIGNAL WAVEFORM
0.8
0.4
(VOLT)
.71 mm
0.0
.24 mm
-0.4
.37 mm
-0.8
(0.2 sec / Division)
Frequency
Nominal
Element
Size
Transducer
Part Number
Near
Field
Typical
Bandwidth
mm
(%)
Connector
Connector
Location
Outline
#
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
1.0
7.8
2.31
MHz
mm
10
CN2R-10
7.2
85
LEMO 00
Right Angle
0.6
24
CN2R-24
45
85
LEMO 00
Right Angle
0.4
10
CN4R-10
15.6
85
LEMO 00
Right Angle
0.2
24
CN4R-24
91
85
LEMO 00
Right Angle
0.0
5.0
127
CN5R-5
127
60
Microdot
Right Angle
10
127
CN10R-5
254
60
Microdot
Right Angle
2.0
4.0
32
-6 dB
0.8
4
(MHz)
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
SIGNAL WAVEFORM
1.0
0.8
0.8
(VOLT)
0.4
0.0
-0.4
AM 2R-8X9-45
0.6
4.86
3.10
-6 dB
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.8
(0.2 sec / Division)
4
(MHz)
Frequency
MHz
1.0
2.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
Nominal
Element
Size
Angle
Near
Field in
Steel
Transducer Part
Number
Typical
Bandwidth
Connector
Connector
Location
Outline
#
mm
()
mm
20 22
45
45
AM1R-20X22-45
(%)
55
LEMO 1
Right Angle
20 22
60
45
AM1R-20X22-60
55
LEMO 1
Right Angle
20 22
70
45
AM1R-20X22-70
55
LEMO 1
Right Angle
89
45
15
AM2R-8X9-45
40
LEMO 00
Right Angle
89
45
15
AM2S-8X9-45
40
LEMO 00
Straight
89
60
15
AM2R-8X9-60
40
LEMO 00
Right Angle
89
60
15
AM2S-8X9-60
40
LEMO 00
Straight
89
70
15
AM2R-8X9-70
40
LEMO 00
Right Angle
89
70
15
AM2S-8X9-70
40
LEMO 00
Straight
14 14
45
39
AM2R-14X14-45
45
LEMO 00
Right Angle
14 14
60
39
AM2R-14X14-60
45
LEMO 00
Right Angle
14 14
70
39
AM2R-14X14-70
45
LEMO 00
Right Angle
20 22
38
90
AM2R-20X22-38
40
LEMO 1
Right Angle
20 22
45
90
AM2R-20X22-45
40
LEMO 1
Right Angle
20 22
60
90
AM2R-20X22-60
40
LEMO 1
Right Angle
20 22
70
90
AM2R-20X22-70
40
LEMO 1
Right Angle
89
38
30
AM4R-8X9-38
40
LEMO 1
Right Angle
89
45
30
AM4R-8X9-45
40
LEMO 00
Right Angle
89
45
30
AM4S-8X9-45
40
LEMO 00
Straight
89
60
30
AM4R-8X9-60
40
LEMO 00
Right Angle
89
60
30
AM4S-8X9-60
40
LEMO 00
Straight
89
70
30
AM4R-8X9-70
40
LEMO 00
Right Angle
89
70
30
AM4S-8X9-70
40
LEMO 00
Straight
20 22
45
180
AM4R-20X22-45
40
LEMO 1
Right Angle
20 22
60
180
AM4R-20X22-60
40
LEMO 1
Right Angle
20 22
70
180
AM4R-20X22-70
40
LEMO 1
Right Angle
14 14
45
88
AM5R-14X14-45
40
LEMO 00
Right Angle
14 14
60
88
AM5R-14X14-60
40
LEMO 00
Right Angle
14 14
70
88
AM5R-14X14-70
40
LEMO 00
Right Angle
34
45
N/A
AM6S-3X4-45
38
Microdot
Straight
10
34
60
N/A
AM6S-3X4-60
38
Microdot
Straight
10
34
70
N/A
AM6S-3X4-70
38
Microdot
Straight
10
DGS diagrams are included with all Integral Angle Beam Transducers except AM6S-3x4-45, AM6S-3x4-60 and AM6S-3x4-45.
10
33
Nominal
Element
Size
MHz
mm
2.0
4.0
Transducer Part
Number
Angle
Near
Field
Typical
Bandwidth
mm
(%)
Connector
Connector
Location
Outline
#
89
45
AM2R-8X9-C45
15
65
LEMO 00
Right Angle
89
60
AM2R-8X9-C60
15
65
LEMO 00
Right Angle
89
70
AM2R-8X9-C70
15
65
LEMO 00
Right Angle
89
45
AM4R-8X9-C45
30
80
LEMO 00
Right Angle
89
60
AM4R-8X9-C60
30
80
LEMO 00
Right Angle
89
70
AM4R-8X9-C70
30
80
LEMO 00
Right Angle
PF4R-24
11
SIGNAL WAVEFORM
0.8
Frequency
Nominal
Element
Size
MHz
mm
(VOLT)
0.4
0.0
1.0
-0.4
-0.8
2.0
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
1.0
4.0
0.8
0.6
2.42
1.61
Near
Field
Typical
Bandwidth
mm
(%)
4
(MHz)
45
LEMO 1
Right Angle
12
24
PF1S-24
23
45
LEMO 1
Straight
11
10
PF2R-10
7.2
45
LEMO 00
Right Angle
13
24
PF2R-24
45
45
LEMO 1
Right Angle
12
24
PF2S-24
45
45
LEMO 1
Straight
11
10
PF4R-10
15.6
35
LEMO 00
Right Angle
13
24
PF4R-24
91
30
LEMO 1
Right Angle
12
24
PF4S-24
91
30
LEMO 1
Straight
11
Part Number
mm
34
Outline
#
23
Description
Connector
Location
PF1R-24
0.2
0.0
Connector
24
-6 dB
0.4
Transducer
Part
Number
13
12
Set of 12 Membranes
10
PM-10-12
Set of 12 Membranes
24
PM-24-12
Retaining Ring
10
MRN-10
Retaining Ring
24
MRN-24
PM-24-12
TOFD Transducers
Our time-of-flight diffraction transducers are highly damped
longitudinal wave probes that offer excellent resolution
in challenging TOFD applications . These highly sensitive
composite element broadband transducers are available
in frequencies from 2 .25 MHz to 15 MHz and in sizes from
3 mm (0 .25 in .) to 12 mm (0 .50 in .) . They are for use with
specialized TOFD wedges designed to produce refracted
longitudinal waves in steel .
Transmitter
Receiver
Lateral waves
Upper tip
Lower tip
Backwall reflection
Backwall (+)
5 .0
10
15
Nominal Element
Size
in.
Transducer Part
Numbers
Wedge Type
mm
0 .25
C542-SM
ST1
0 .375
9 .5
C566-SM
ST2
0 .5
12
C540-SM
ST2
0 .125
C567-SM
ST1 **
0 .25
C543-SM
ST1
0 .375
9 .5
C568-SM
ST2
0 .5
12
C541-SM
ST2
0 .125
C563-SM
ST1 **
0 .25
C544-SM
ST1
0 .125
V564-SM*
ST1 **
Transducer Dimensions
(in inches)
Nominal
Element
Size
(A)
(B)
(C)
Thread
Pitch
0 .125
0 .25
0 .44
0 .55
0 .22
3/8 - 32
0 .375
0 .5
0 .71
0 .685
0 .257
11/16 - 24
35
Special Transducers
Low Frequency Narrowband Transducers
Meant for use in pairs for through transmission in materials such
as concrete, wood, and geological samples, these are available in
frequencies of 50 kHz (X1021), 100 kHz (X1020), and 180 kHz (X1019).
Recommended instruments are high voltage pulser-receivers such as the
Model 5058PR or 5077PR Square Wave Pulser.
Description
Volume
A2
AP
AQ
AG
Propylene Glycol
Propylene Glycol
Propylene Glycol
Propylene Glycol
Application
General purpose couplant for smooth surfaces.
Chemically non-reactive; does not evaporate quickly.
The max. recommended temp. is 200 F (90 C).
B2
BQ
Glycerin
Glycerin
General purpose, more viscous and has a high acoustic impedance making it the preferred
couplant for rough surfaces and highly attenuating materials.
C2
Silicone Oil
G-2
Medium Temp
Adaptors
BF-BF
Part Numbers
F108
F195
F202
F206
UHF to Flange
F267
BF-BF
BM-BM
BM-UF
L1F-BM
L1M-BF
LM-BF
LF-BM
MM-UMW
UM-BF
LF-UM
MM-UFW
BM-UF
BM-BM
LF-BM
F195
F108
L1M-BF
UM-BF
LM-BF
MM-UMW
F267
37
Test Blocks
Calibration and/or reference blocks should be used in every
application. Standard blocks are available for angle beam
calibrations and thickness calibrations of common materials.
Blocks manufactured from 1018 steel, 304 stainless steel, or
7075-T6 aluminum are commonly in stock (other materials
require special quotes for price and delivery).
Contact us for more information regarding materials not listed,
blocks not listed, or custom blocks.
Calibration Blocks
All blocks are checked dimensionally using measuring
equipment traceable to the National Institute of Standards
and Technology, NIST. The most commonly required
calibration blocks are listed below.
Type
Part Number
Hardwood
Case
Description
TB7541-X
Meets AASHTO and AWS Type 1 block requirements. Calibrates distance and sensitivity settings. Measure
refracted angle and sound exit point of angle beam transducers.
U.S. customary units (inches).
F129
TB1136-X
Meets AASHTO and AWS Type 1 block requirements. Calibrates distance and sensitivity settings. Measure
refracted angle and sound exit point of angle beam transducers.
U.S. customary units (inches). Block with Lucite plug.
F129
TB1054-X
Metric units.
F129
TB1137-X
F129
TB5939-X
IIW-type block per U.S. Air Force NDI Manual T.O. 33B -1-1. Includes 2in. and 4in. radius cutouts for distance
calibration. No. 3, No. 5, and No. 8 side drilled holes, and distance calibration marks to the 2in. hole.
F129
RC AWS Block
TB7543-X
Determining resolution capabilities of angle beam transducers per AWS and AASHTO requirements.
F157
SC AWS Block
TB7545-X
Sensitivity and refracted angle calibration per AWS and AASHTO requirements.
F158
DC AWS Block
TB7547-X
Distance and beam index calibration for angle beam transducers per AWS and AASHTO requirements.
F159
TB7549-X
Distance, sensitivity, refracted angle and beam index calibration for angle beam transducers per AWS and
AASHTO requirements.
F160
DS AWS Block
F161
ASTM E164
Calibration
IIW-Type Block
TB7551-X
Calibration block for horizontal linearity and dB accuracy procedures per AWS and AASHTO requirements.
30FBH Resolution
Reference Block
TB7160-X
Evaluate near surface resolution and flaw size/depth sensitivity of UT equipment. No. 3, No. 5, and No. 8 ASTM flat
bottom holes at ten metal travel distances from 0.050 in. to 1.250 in.
NAVSHIPS Block
TB7567-X
Contains six No. 3 side drilled holes. Used for distance-amplitude calibration per NAVSHIPS 0900-006 -3010.
F162
TB7150-X
Miniature Angle Beam (ROMPAS) Block. Distance, beam index, refracted angle, and sensitivity calibration. One
inch thick.
F197
TB1065-X
Miniature Angle Beam Block Distance, beam index, refracted angle and sensitivity calibration. 25 mm thick.
F197
Replace the X in the part number with the appropriate number listed below to signify block material:
1 = 1018 Steel
2 = 4340 Steel
4 = 7075-T6 Aluminum
5 = 304 Stainless Steel
8 = 6-4 Titanium
TB7567-1
TB7543-1
TB7549-1
TB5939-1
TB1065-1
38
Included
TB7541-1
TB7150-1
Reference Blocks
Distance-Amplitude Blocks
Part Number
Description of Set
Distance-Area
Amplitude Set
TB6100-X
Set of 10 ASTM E 127 (7075 Alum) or ASTM E 428 (all other materials) basic set consisting of 3/64 at 3 in., 5/64 at 1/8 in.,
1/4in., 1/2 in., 3/4 in., 1-1/2 in., 3 in., and 6 in., and 8/64 at 3 in. and 6 in. This set is used for determining dead zone, sensitivity,
distance and area amplitude linearity measurement.
Area-Amplitude
Set
TB6200-X
Set of 8 ASTM E 127 (7075 Alum) or ASTM E 428 (all other materials) Area Amplitude Set consisting of 1/64, 2/64, 3/64, 4/64,
5/64, 6/64, 7/64, and 8/64 flat bottom holes at 3 in. This set is used to determine the relationship between flaw size and echo
amplitude by comparing signal response.
Distance-Amplitude
Set-No. 3FBH
TB6303-X
Set of 19 ASTM E 127 (7075 Alum) or ASTM E 428 (all other materials) Distance Amplitude Set. All flat bottom holes are the
same and metal travel distances are 1/16 in., 1/8 in., 1/4 in., 3/8 in., 1/2 in., 5/8 in., 3/4 in., 7/8 in., 1 in., 1-1/4 in., 1-3/4 in.,
2-1/4 in., 2-3/4 in., 3-1/4 in., 3-3/4 in., 4-1/4 in., 4-3/4 in., 5-1/4 in., and 5-3/4 in. This set is used to determine the relationship
between metal distance and signal amplitude by comparing signal responses obtained.
Distance-Amplitude
TB6305-X
Set-No. 5FBH
Distance-Amplitude
TB6308-X
Set-No. 8FBH
SensitivityResolution Set
TB6025-X
1/16 in.
1/2 in.
1 in.
2-1/4 in.
3-1/4 in.
4-1/4 in.
5-1/4 in.
1/8 in.
5/8 in.
1-1/4 in.
2-3/4 in.
3-3/4 in.
4-3/4 in.
5-3/4 in.
1/4 in.
3/4 in.
1-3/4 in.
3/8 in.
7/8 in.
Set of 9 ASTM E 127 (7075 Alum) or ASTM E 428 (all other materials) consisting of 1/64 at 3 in., 2/64 at 3 in., and 5/64 at 1/8
in., 1/4 in., 3/8 in., 1/2 in., 3/4 in., 1 in., and 1-1/2 in., and 1 ASTM E 317 horizontal and vertical linearity block used to evaluate
the sensitivity, entry surface resolution, and horizontal and vertical linearity characteristics of UT equipment.
Replace the X in the part number with the appropriate number listed below to signify block material:
1 = 1018 Steel
2 = 4340 Steel
4 = 7075-T6 Aluminum
5 = 304 Stainless Steel
8 = 6-4 Titanium
*Includes Hardwood case
Part Numbers
2211E
0.100 in., 0.200 in., 0.300 in., 0.400 in., 0.500 in.
Steps
2211M
2212E
2212M
7075-T6 Aluminum
2213E
0.100 in., 0.200 in., 0.300 in., 0.400 in., 0.500 in.
7075-T6 Aluminum
2213M
2214E
0.100 in., 0.200 in., 0.300 in., 0.400 in., 0.500 in.
2214M
2212E
2214E
39
Cables
Select from a variety of cable grades to meet your specific
application needs.
Standard lengths 3 ft. (1 m), 4 ft. (1.2 m), 6 ft. (1.8 m). When
ordering, replace the x in the part number with the desired
cable length in feet.
Custom cable lengths are available; please specify when
ordering.
Part numbering prefix indicates connector style for both ends of
the cable.
All cables are 50 ohms impedance unless otherwise specified.
Contact us for special or customized cables.
Standard
Cable Part Numbers
BCB-58-X
BCB-74-X
BCM-74-X
BCMA-74-X
BCRM-74-X
BCU-58-X
BCU-62-X
FLCB-74-X
LCB-74-X
LCM-74-X
LCU-74-X
L1CB-58-X
L1CM-74-X
L1CU-74-X
L1CU-74-X
UCM-74-X
UCU-58-X
BCB-188-X HD
BCM-188-X HD
BCU-188-X HD
LCB-188-X HD
LCM-188-X HD
Waterproof (W)
Specially designed proprietary waterproof UHF connector
provides a waterproof connection good to depths of about
150ft. (50 m) in fresh water.
40
BCB-188-X SSA
BCM-188-X SSA
BCRM-188-X SSA
BCU-188-X SSA
LCM-188-X SSA
LCRM-188-X SSA
Impedance
BCM-74-X DS
50 ohms
BCM-15-X DS
15 ohms
BCM-25-X DS
25 ohms
Handle
Length
BCM-74-X W
BCRM-74-X W
BCU-58-X W
BCU-62-X W
BCU-74-X W
BCMH-74-X
LCMH-74-X
LCM-74-X W
LCU-74-X W
L1CU-74-X W
L1CMH-74-X
BCMH6-74-X
LCMH6-74-X
L1CMH6-74-X
BCMH9-74-X
LCMH9-74-X
L1CMH9-74-X
inches
Standard
Heavy Duty
Armored
Standard RG174
Right Angle Microdot Connector
Standard RG58
LEMO 1 Connector
Dual
Single cable design with two connectors at each end to fit dual
element transducers
Cable
Part Numbers
Compatible
With
BCMD-74-6
LCMD-74-6
L1CMD-74-6
Standard
Dual
Transducer
BCMD-316-5F
L1CMD-316-5F
Flush Case
Dual
Transducer
BCLPD-78-5
L1CLPD-78-5
MTD-705
Transducer
BCB-188-X HDAS
BCM-188-X HDAS
BCU-188-X HDAS
LCB-188-X HDAS
LCM-188-X HDAS
Atlas
Cable
Part Numbers
Transducer
Type
Length
meters
L1CLD-316-2MK*
LEMO 00 2 to
LEMO 1 2
Dual
Dual
Cable
Part Numbers
LCLD-316-2MK*
BCB-188-X HDAP
BCM-188-X HDAP
BCU-188-X HDAP
LEMO 00 2 to
LEMO 00 2
BCLD-316-2MK*
BNC 2 to LEMO 00 2
Dual
LCL-74-2M
LEMO 00 to LEMO 00
Single
LCB-188-X HDAP
LCM-188-X HDAP
L1CL1-74-2M
LEMO 1 to LEMO 1
Single
L1CL-74-2M
LEMO 1 to LEMO 00
Single
LCB-74-2M
LEMO 00 to BNC
Single
*Dual cables can be use only with "Atlas Dual Element Transducers" on page
32
41
Ultrasonic Transducers
Technical Notes
Basic Ultrasonic Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
What is Ultrasound? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Frequency, Period and Wavelength. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Velocity of Ultrasound and Wavelength. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wave Propagation and Particle Motion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Applying Ultrasound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sensitivity and Resolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43
43
43
43
44
44
44
45
45
45
46
46
46
46
47
47
48
48
49
42
Technical Notes
The Technical Notes section is designed to provide a brief
overview of the ultrasonic principles important to transducer
application and design. The Technical Notes are organized in
the following sections:
1. Basic ultrasonic principles
-- 1 cycle/second= 1Hz
-- 1000 cycles/second= 1kHz
-- 1,000,000 cycles/second= 1MHz
The time required to complete a full cycle is the period (T), measured in
seconds. The relation between frequency and period in a continuous wave
is given in Equation (1).
Eqn. 1
a. What is Ultrasound?
Sound generated above the human hearing range (typically 20 kHz) is called
ultrasound. However, the frequency range normally employed in ultrasonic
nondestructive testing and thickness gaging is 100 kHz to 50 MHz.
Although ultrasound behaves in a similar manner to audible sound, it has
a much shorter wavelength. This means it can be reflected off very small
surfaces such as defects inside materials. It is this property that makes
ultrasound useful for nondestructive testing of materials.
The Acoustic Spectrum in Figure (1) breaks down sound into three ranges
of frequencies. The Ultrasonic Range is then broken down further into three
sub-sections.
Fig.1
Eqn. 2
l
c
f
T
Eqn. 3
= Wavelength
=
Material Sound Velocity
= Frequency
=
Period of time
Longitudinal Wave
Direction of
Particle Motion
Direction of
Wave Propagation
The number of cycles completed in one second is called frequency (f) and is
measured in Hertz (Hz), with multiples as follows;
Shear Wave
43
Technical Notes
e. Applying Ultrasound
Ultrasonic nondestructive testing introduces high frequency sound waves
into a test object to obtain information about the object without altering or
damaging it in any way. Two basic quantities are measured in ultrasonic
testing; they are time of flight or the amount of time for the sound to travel
through the sample, and the amplitude of the received signal. Based on
velocity and round trip time of flight through the material the material,
thickness can be calculated as follows:
Eqn. 4
-14dB
=
=
=
Material Thickness
Material Sound Velocity
Time of Flight
Eqn. 5
Amplitude
T
c
t
WAVEFO R M
D U R ATI O N
Time (Microseconds)
Figure (5) illustrates peak frequency, upper and lower -6 dB frequencies and
MHz bandwidth measurements.
Fig. 5
PEAK
dB = Decibels
A1
=
Amplitude of signal 1
A2
=
Amplitude of signal 2
50%
100%
25%
100%
10%
100%
1%
12
10
20
100
40
44
Amplitude
Frequency (MHz)
(Microseconds)
10
100
100%
B A N D WI D TH
70.71%
1.4142
dB
-40dB
-14dB
.1
100%
Ratio
-6dB
.01
A
2
UPPER
Waveform Duration
A
1
L OWE R
.1
10
100
Fig. 7a
Eqn. 6
Z
c
r
=
=
=
Acoustic Impedance
Material Sound Velocity
Material Density
Eqn. 7a
Z1
Z2
=
=
Eqn. 7b
For example: The dB loss on transmitting from water (Z = 1 .48) into 1020
steel (Z = 45 .41) is -9 .13 dB; this also is the loss transmitting from 1020
steel into water . The dB loss of the backwall echo in 1020 steel in water is
-0 .57 dB; this also is the dB loss of the echo off 1020 steel in water . The
waveform of the echo is inverted when Z2<Z1 .
Finally, ultrasound attenuates as it progresses through a medium . Assuming
no major reflections, there are three causes of attenuation: diffraction,
scattering and absorption . The amount of attenuation through a material
can play an important role in the selection of a transducer for an application .
c. Sound Field
The sound field of a transducer is divided into two zones (figure 7a); the
near field and the far field . The near field is the region directly in front of the
transducer where the echo amplitude goes through a series of maxima and
minima and ends at the last maximum, at distance N from the transducer .
In the beam profile below, figure 7, red represents areas of highest energy,
while green and blue represent lower energy .
Fig. 7
Amplitude variations
in the nearfield
The location of the last maximum is known as the near field distance (N
or Y0+) and is the natural focus of the transducer . The far field is the area
beyond N where the sound field pressure gradually drops to zero . Because
of the variations within the near field it can be difficult to accurately evaluate
flaws using amplitude based techniques . The near field distance is a
function of the transducer frequency, element diameter, and the sound
velocity of the test material as shown by Equation 8:
Eqn. 8
N
D
f
c
l
Eqn. 8a
=
=
=
=
=
ZB
Fz
ZE
D
=
=
=
=
Note that the distance to the maximum echo from a flat plate target and the
maximum echo from the point target are not the same, although both will
occur within the calculated -6 dB focal zone .
Beam Diameter
Technical Notes
3. Design Characteristics Of Transducers
Eqn. 9
Eqn. 9a
BD
F
c
f
D
SF
=
Beam Diameter
=
Focal Length
=
Material Sound Velocity
= Frequency
=
Element Diameter
=
Normalized Focal Length (Eqn. 14)
Fig. 11
Focal Zone
The starting and ending points of the focal zone are located where the
on-axis pulse-echo signal amplitude drops to - 6 dB of the amplitude at the
focal point. The length of the focal zone is given by Equation 10:
Eqn. 10
FZ
N
SF
=
=
=
Focal Zone
Near Field
Normalized Focal Length (Eqn. 14)
Figure (9) shows the normalized beginning (SB) and ending (SE) point of the
-6 dB focal zone versus the focusing factor.
Fig. 9
-6 dB Focal Zone
All ultrasonic beams diverge. In other words, all transducers have beam
spread. Figure (10) gives a simplified view of a sound beam for a flat
transducer. In the near field, the beam has a complex shape that narrows.
In the far field the beam diverges.
Fig. 10
c. Backing
The backing is usually a highly attenuative, high density material that is used
to control the vibration of the transducer by absorbing the energy radiating
from the back face of the active element. When the acoustic impedance
of the backing matches the acoustic impedance of the active element,
the result will be a heavily damped transducer that displays good range
resolution but may be lower in signal amplitude. If there is a mismatch in
acoustic impedance between the element and the backing, more sound
energy will be reflected forward into the test material. The end result is a
transducer that is lower in resolution due to a longer waveform duration,
butmay be higher in signal amplitude or greater in sensitivity.
d. Wear Plate
For flat transducers as shown in Figure (10), the - 6 dB pulse-echo beam
spread angle is given by Equation (11):
Eqn. 11
a/2
=
Half Angle Spread between -6 dB points
It can be seen from this equation that beam spread from a transducer can be
reduced by selecting a transducer with a higher frequency or a larger element
diameter or both.
The basic purpose of the transducer wear plate is to protect the transducer
element from the testing environment. In the case of contact transducers,
the wear plate must be a durable and corrosion resistant material in order to
withstand the wear caused by use on materials such as steel.
For immersion, angle beam, and delay line transducers the wear plate has
the additional purpose of serving as an acoustic transformer or matching
layer between the high acoustic impedance of the active element and
the water, the wedge or the delay line, all of which are of lower acoustic
impedance. This is accomplished by selecting a matching layer that is 1/4
wavelength thick (l/4) and of the desired acoustic impedance (the active
element is nominally 1/2 wavelength). The choice of the wear surface
thickness is based upon the idea of superposition that allows waves
generated by the active element to be in phase with the wave reverberating
in the matching layer as shown in Figure (4).
When signals are in phase, their amplitudes are additive, thus a greater
amplitude wave enters the test piece. Figure (12) shows the active element
and the wear plate, and when they are in phase. If a transducer is not tightly
controlled or designed with care and the proper materials, and the sound
waves are not in phase, it causes a disruption in the wavefront.
46
Fig. 12
Eqn. 12
qi
qrl
qrs
ci
crl
crs
=
=
=
=
=
=
Figure (15) shows the relationship between the incident angle and the
relative amplitudes of the refracted or mode converted longitudinal, shear,
and surface waves that can be produced from a plastic wedge into steel.
Fig. 15
100
90
80
Angle beam transducers are typically used to locate and/or size flaws which
are oriented non-parallel to the test surface. Following are some of the
common terms and formulas used to determine the location of a flaw.
AMPLITUDE (%)
70
60
50
40
30
20
D7075
10
D7078
Fig. 16
D7077
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
DISTANCE (INCHES)
47
Technical Notes
c. Delay Line Transducers
Delay line transducers are single element longitudinal wave transducers
used in conjunction with a replaceable delay line.
One of the reasons for choosing a delay line transducer is that near surface
resolution can be improved. The delay allows the element to stop vibrating
before a return signal from the reflector can be received. When using a
delay line transducer, there will be multiple echoes from end of the delay line
and it is important to take these into account.
Another use of delay line transducers is in applications in which the test
material is at an elevated temperature. The high temperature delay line
options listed in this catalog (see "Delay Line Transducers" starting on
page 18) are not intended for continuous contact, they are meant for
intermittent contact only.
d. Immersion Transducers
Immersion transducers offer three major advantages over contact
transducers:
Focusing Configurations
Spherical
FPF (Flat Plate Focus) - For an FPF focus, the lens is designed to produce
a maximum pulse/echo response from a flat plate target at the distance
indicated by the focal length
PTF (Point Target Focus) - For a PTF focus, the lens is designed to
produce a maximum pulse/echo response from a small ball target at the
distance indicated by the focal length
OLF (Optical Limit Focus) - The OLF designation indicates that the lens
is designed according to the lens makers formula from physical optics
and without reference to any operational definition of focal length. The OLF
designation describes the lens and ignores diffraction effects.
When focusing a transducer, the type of focus (spherical or cylindrical),
focal length, and the focal target (point or flat surface) need to be specified.
Based on this information, the radius of curvature of the lens for the
transducer which varies based on above parameters, can be calculated .
When tested, the measured focal length will be off of the target specified.
There are limitations on focal lengths for transducers of a given frequency
and element diameter for a particular focal designation. The maximum
practical focal length for a flat plate focus (FPF) is 0.6 times the near field
length, and for a point target focus (PTF) the maximum practical focal length
is 0.8 times the near field length. Optical limit focus (OLF) focal length is
not specifically constrained, but it should be understood that the actual
maximum response point from a given target may not correspond to the
distance indicated by the OLF focal length.
FPF and PTF transducers with focal lengths beyond these maximums, but
less than the near field length, will usually be weakly focused units with only
a small increase in sensitivity at the focal point. As a practical matter, there
may be no functional advantage to a weakly focused transducer over a flat,
unfocused transducer. In addition to acoustic limitations on maximum focal
lengths, there are mechanical limitations on minimum focal lengths. Consult
us for detailed information on focusing parameters.
"Table 1 - Near Field Distance of Flat Transducers in Water" on page 50
lists the near field distances as well as the minimum and maximum practical
focal lengths for common frequency-element diameter combinations.
Consult us for detailed information in focusing parameters.
By definition, the focal length of a transducer is the distance from the face
of the transducer to the point in the sound field where the signal with the
maximum amplitude is located. In an unfocused transducer, this occurs at a
distance from the face of the transducer which is approximately equivalent
to the transducers near field length. Because the last signal maximum
occurs at a distance equivalent to the near field, a transducer, by definition,
can not be acoustically focused at a distance greater than its near field.
Focus may be designated in three ways:
48
can be used to determine the appropriate water path to compensate for the
focusing effect in the test material.
Eqn. 13
WP
MP
F
ctm
cw
=
=
=
=
=
Water Path
Material Depth
Focal Length in Water
Sound Velocity in the Test Material
Sound Velocity in Water
Eqn. 15
In addition, the curvature of surface of the test piece can affect focusing.
Depending on whether the entry surface is concave or convex, the sound
beam may converge more rapidly than it would in a flat sample or it may
spread and actually defocus.
Eqn. 16
Focusing Gain
Eqn. 14
SF
F
N
=
=
=
Fig. 19
Eqn. 17
s
VL
VT
r
E
G
=
=
=
=
=
=
Poissons Ratio
Longitudinal Velocity
Shear (Transverse) Velocity
Material Density
Youngs Modulus
Shear Modulus
For example, the chart can be used to determine the increase in on-axis
pulse-echo sensitivity of a 2.25 MHz, 1.0in. element diameter transducer
that is focused at 4 inches. The near field length of this transducer is
9.55in., and the normalized focal length is 0.42 (4.0in./9.55in.). From
the chart it can be seen that this will result in an increase in sensitivity of
approximately 21 dB.
Focusing gain (dB) for cylindrical focuses can be estimated as being 3/4 of
the gain for spherical focuses.
Eqn. 18
Eqn. 19
49
Technical Notes
RG/U is the abbreviation for radio guide, universal in the military, RG is
the designation for coaxial cable and U stands for general utility. Most of
the cables used in ultrasonic NDT have military RG numbers that define the
materials, dimensions, and electrical characteristics of the cables.
Eqn. 20
V310-SU
Assuming:
Calculate Vrms
Step 1:
Vrms=1/2(0.707)Vp-p
Vrms=1/2(0.707)(100)=35.35 V
Step 2:
Rearrange
Equation (19) to solve for the Duty Cycle. Use
0.125 W as Ptot, as this is the maximum recommended for any
transducer.
Duty Cycle= Z*Ptot/(Vrms)2*cos(phase angle)
= (50)(0.125)/(35.35)2*(cos -45)
= 0.007s/s
This means 7 milliseconds of excitation in every 1000
milliseconds.
Step 3:
6. Cables
The inside of a cable is made of three main components. They are the
conductor, the dielectric, and shield/braid. These components are then
surrounded by an outer protective jacket. Figure (20) shows a crosssectional view of a typical cable. The conductor acts as the positive
connection of the cable while the shield acts as the ground. The dielectric
isolates the conductor from the shield.
Fig. 20
Eqn. 22
The most common values for coaxial cables are 50 ohm, 75 ohm, and
95ohm. Note that the actual input impedance at a particular frequency
may be quite different from the characteristics impedance of the cable due
to the impedance of the source and load. In ultrasonics, on transmit the
source is the pulser and the load is the transducer; on receive the source is
the transducer and the load is the receiver. The complex impedance of the
pulser and the transducers will reflect some of the electrical energy at each
end of the cable. The amount of reflection is determined by the length of the
cable, the frequency of the RF signal, and the electrical impedance of the
cable and its termination. In ultrasonic NDT the effect of the cable is most
practically determined by experimenting with the shorter and longer cables,
with cables of differing impedance, and by placing a 50 ohm feed-through
attenuator at the pulser/receiver jack.
15
50
Low Impedance
15 ohms
Max.
(in.)
(in.)
(in.)
4.757
2.15
3.80
1.125
2.661
1.50
2.10
1.00
2.095
1.25
1.65
0.75
1.164
0.78
0.93
1.50
9.559
2.50
7.65
1.125
5.366
1.90
4.30
1.00
4.235
1.625
3.38
0.75
2.372
1.00
1.90
0.50
1.043
0.60
0.80
1.50
21.534
2.70
14.50
Nominal Diameter
1.125
12.099
2.15
9.50
in.
1.00
9.554
1.875
7.60
0.75
5.364
1.00
4.30
2.374
0.80
1.90
1.0
(in.)
Grade
1.50
0.5
Type
Element
Diameter
0.11
2.25
25
Low Impedance
25 ohms
0.10
0.50
58
RG58/U
50 ohms
0.20
0.375
1.329
0.50
1.06
62
RG62/U
93 ohms
0.24
0.25
0.584
0.35
0.45
74
RG174/U
50 ohms
0.11
188
RG188/U
50 ohms
0.11
316
RG316/U
50 ohms
N/A
1.00
14.868
1.95
11.5
0.75
8.350
1.00
6.65
0.50
3.699
0.83
2.95
0.375
2.073
0.60
1.65
0.25
0.914
0.385
0.70
1.00
21.243
1.95
14.40
0.75
11.932
1.00
3.5
Material
Longitudinal
Velocity
Shear
Velocity
Acoustic
Impedance
(in/s)*
(m/s)
(in/s)*
(m/s)
0.107
2,730
0.056
1,430
(kg/m2s 106)
3.22
9.50
Aluminum
0.249
6,320
0.123
3,130
17.06
0.50
5.287
0.75
4.20
Beryllium
0.508
12,900
0.350
8,880
23.5
2.965
0.60
2.35
Brass, naval
0.174
4,430
0.083
2,120
37.30
0.25
1.309
0.43
1.00
Cadmium
0.109
2,780
0.059
1,500
24.02
12.75
Columbium
0.194
4,920
0.083
2,100
42.16
0.183
4,660
0.089
2,260
41.61
0.75
7.5
17.900
1.00
0.50
7.933
0.75
6.30
Copper
1.00
42.490
2.00
20.00
Glycerine
0.076
1,920
2.42
0.75
23.868
1.00
15.375
Gold
0.128
3,240
0.047
1,200
62.60
0.50
10.579
0.75
8.40
Inconel
0.29
5,820
0.119
3,020
49.47
0.375
5.934
0.60
4.75
Iron
0.232
5,900
0.127
3,230
45.43
0.25
2.622
0.46
2.10
0.50
15.870
0.75
11.75
(slow)
0.138
3,500
0.087
2,200
25.00
0.375
8.902
0.60
7.10
(fast)
0.220
5,600
0.126
3,220
40.00
0.25
3.935
0.50
3.15
Lead
0.085
2,160
0.028
700
24.49
0.25
5.247
0.50
4.20
Manganese
0.183
4,660
0.093
2,350
34.44
0.125
1.290
0.25
1.00
Mercury
0.057
1,450
19.66
6.559
0.50
5.25
Molybdenum
0.246
6,250
0.132
3,350
63.75
0.069
1,740
1.51
Nickel, pure
0.222
5,630
0.117
2,960
49.99
Platinum
0.156
3,960
0.066
1,670
84.74
(slow)
0.087
2,200
0.043
1,100
.40
(fast)
0.102
2,600
0.047
1,200
3.10
Polystyrene
0.092
2,340
2.47
Polyvinylchloride, PVC,
hard
0.094
2,395
0.042
1,060
3.35
Silver
0.142
3,600
0.063
1,590
37.76
Steel, 1020
0.232
5,890
0.128
3,240
45.63
Steel, 4340
0.230
5,850
0.128
3,240
45.63
Steel, 302
0.223
5,660
0.123
3,120
45.45
Austenitic stainless
Steel, 347
0.226
5,740
0.122
3,090
45.40
0.131
3,320
0.066
1,670
24.20
Titanium, Ti 150A
0.240
6,100
0.123
3,120
27.69
Tungsten
0.204
5,180
0.113
2,870
99.72
Uranium
0.133
3,370
0.078
1,980
63.02
Water (20 C)
0.058
1,480
1.48
Zinc
0.164
4,170
0.095
2,410
29.61
Zirconium
0.183
4,650
0.089
2,250
30.13
10
20
0.375
5.0
15
25
** Panametrics Standard Case Style, Large Diameter Case Style, Slim Line
Case Style, and Pencil Case Style Immersion Transducers with straight
connectors (see "Immersion Transducers" starting on page 48) can be
focused between the Minimum and Maximum Point Target Focal (PTF) distance
limits listed in Table 1. Please consult Olympus before ordering a transducer
focused outside these limits.
Consideration should be given to attenuation effects which increase linearity
and with the square of frequency and the square of bandwidth. In applications
where long water paths are required the effects of frequency dependent
attenuation should be checked per ASTM E 1065 Annex A7. It is advisable to
consider the effects of frequency dependent attenuation if the focal distance
equals or exceeds the following values:
The near field values in this table have been determined using the following
equation:
Iron, cast
Polyamide, (nylon,
Perlon)
Focal Length
MHz
in.
5.0
13
7.5
10
3.5
15
1.5
20
0.8
25
0.5
30
0.4
51
www.olympus-ims.com
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12569 Gulf Freeway, Houston, TX 77034, USA, Tel.: (1) 281-922-9300
505, boul. du Parc-Technologique, Qubec (Qubec) G1P 4S9, Tel.: (1) 418-872-1155
1109 78 Ave, Edmonton (Alberta) T6P 1L8
Pana_UT_EN_201509CPrinted in the USAP/N: 920-224-EN Rev. D