AP Calculus BC

2008 Scoring Guidelines

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AP CALCULUS BC
2008 SCORING GUIDELINES
Question 1

Let R be the region bounded by the graphs of y = sin ( x ) and y = x3 4 x, as shown in the figure
above.

(a) Find the area of R.

(b) The horizontal line y = 2 splits the region R into two parts. Write, but do not evaluate, an integral
expression for the area of the part of R that is below this horizontal line.
(c) The region R is the base of a solid. For this solid, each cross section perpendicular to the x-axis is a
square. Find the volume of this solid.
(d) The region R models the surface of a small pond. At all points in R at a distance x from the y-axis,
the depth of the water is given by h( x ) = 3 x. Find the volume of water in the pond.
(a) sin ( x ) = x3 4 x at x = 0 and x = 2
Area =

0 ( sin ( x ) ( x
2

4x

1 : limits

3 : 1 : integrand
1 : answer

) ) dx = 4

(b) x3 4 x = 2 at r = 0.5391889 and s = 1.6751309

The area of the stated region is

r ( 2 ( x
s

(c) Volume =

0 ( sin ( x ) ( x

(d) Volume =

0 ( 3 x ) ( sin ( x ) ( x

4x

))

4x

)) dx

dx = 9.978

4x

) ) dx = 8.369 or 8.370

2:

1 : limits
1 : integrand

2:

1 : integrand
1 : answer

2:

1 : integrand
1 : answer

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AP CALCULUS BC
2008 SCORING GUIDELINES
Question 2
t (hours)

L( t ) (people)

120

156

176

126

150

80

Concert tickets went on sale at noon ( t = 0 ) and were sold out within 9 hours. The number of people waiting in
line to purchase tickets at time t is modeled by a twice-differentiable function L for 0 t 9. Values of L( t ) at
various times t are shown in the table above.
(a) Use the data in the table to estimate the rate at which the number of people waiting in line was changing at
5:30 P.M. ( t = 5.5 ) . Show the computations that lead to your answer. Indicate units of measure.
(b) Use a trapezoidal sum with three subintervals to estimate the average number of people waiting in line during
the first 4 hours that tickets were on sale.
(c) For 0 t 9, what is the fewest number of times at which L( t ) must equal 0 ? Give a reason for your answer.
(d) The rate at which tickets were sold for 0 t 9 is modeled by r ( t ) = 550tet 2 tickets per hour. Based on the
model, how many tickets were sold by 3 P.M. ( t = 3) , to the nearest whole number?

(a) L( 5.5 )

L( 7 ) L( 4 ) 150 126
=
= 8 people per hour
74
3

(b) The average number of people waiting in line during the first 4 hours is
approximately
L(1) + L( 3)
L( 3) + L( 4 )
1 L( 0 ) + L(1)
(3 1) +
(1 0 ) +
( 4 3)

4
2
2
2

= 155.25 people
(c) L is differentiable on [ 0, 9] so the Mean Value Theorem implies
L( t ) > 0 for some t in (1, 3) and some t in ( 4, 7 ) . Similarly,
L( t ) < 0 for some t in ( 3, 4 ) and some t in ( 7, 8 ) . Then, since L is
continuous on [ 0, 9] , the Intermediate Value Theorem implies that
L( t ) = 0 for at least three values of t in [ 0, 9].

2:
2:

{
{

1 : estimate
1 : units
1 : trapezoidal sum
1 : answer

1 : considers change in

sign of L
3:
1 : analysis
1 : conclusion

OR

OR

The continuity of L on [1, 4] implies that L attains a maximum value

there. Since L( 3) > L(1) and L( 3) > L( 4 ) , this maximum occurs on
(1, 4 ) . Similarly, L attains a minimum on ( 3, 7 ) and a maximum on
( 4, 8 ) . L is differentiable, so L( t ) = 0 at each relative extreme point
on ( 0, 9 ) . Therefore L( t ) = 0 for at least three values of t in [ 0, 9].

1 : considers relative extrema

of L on ( 0, 9 )
3:
1
:
analysis

1 : conclusion

[Note: There is a function L that satisfies the given conditions with

L( t ) = 0 for exactly three values of t.]
(d)

0 r ( t ) dt = 972.784

2:

There were approximately 973 tickets sold by 3 P.M.

1 : integrand
1 : limits and answer

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AP CALCULUS BC
2008 SCORING GUIDELINES
Question 3
x

h( x )

h ( x )

h( x )

h( x )

h( 4 ) ( x )

11

30

42

99

18

80

128

488
3

448
3

584
9

317

753
2

1383
4

3483
16

1125
16

Let h be a function having derivatives of all orders for x > 0. Selected values of h and its first four
derivatives are indicated in the table above. The function h and these four derivatives are increasing on
the interval 1 x 3.
(a) Write the first-degree Taylor polynomial for h about x = 2 and use it to approximate h(1.9 ) . Is this
approximation greater than or less than h(1.9 ) ? Explain your reasoning.
(b) Write the third-degree Taylor polynomial for h about x = 2 and use it to approximate h(1.9 ) .
(c) Use the Lagrange error bound to show that the third-degree Taylor polynomial for h about x = 2
approximates h(1.9 ) with error less than 3 10 4.
(a) P1 ( x ) = 80 + 128 ( x 2 ) , so h(1.9 ) P1 (1.9 ) = 67.2

P1 (1.9 ) < h(1.9 ) since h is increasing on the interval

1 x 3.

(b) P3 ( x ) = 80 + 128 ( x 2 ) +

488
( x 2 )2 + 448 ( x 2 )3
6
18

h(1.9 ) P3 (1.9 ) = 67.988

(c) The fourth derivative of h is increasing on the interval

584
.
1 x 3, so max h( 4 ) ( x ) =
9
1.9 x 2

2 : P1 ( x )

4 : 1 : P1 (1.9 )
1 : P (1.9 ) < h(1.9 ) with reason
1

2 : P3 ( x )
3:
1 : P3 (1.9 )

2:

1 : form of Lagrange error estimate

1 : reasoning

584 1.9 2
9
4!
= 2.7037 10 4

Therefore, h(1.9 ) P3 (1.9 )

< 3 10 4

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AP CALCULUS BC
2008 SCORING GUIDELINES
Question 4

A particle moves along the x-axis so that its velocity at time t, for 0 t 6, is given by a differentiable
function v whose graph is shown above. The velocity is 0 at t = 0, t = 3, and t = 5, and the graph has
horizontal tangents at t = 1 and t = 4. The areas of the regions bounded by the t-axis and the graph of v on
the intervals [ 0, 3] , [3, 5] , and [5, 6] are 8, 3, and 2, respectively. At time t = 0, the particle is at x = 2.
(a) For 0 t 6, find both the time and the position of the particle when the particle is farthest to the left.
Justify your answer.
(b) For how many values of t, where 0 t 6, is the particle at x = 8 ? Explain your reasoning.
(c) On the interval 2 < t < 3, is the speed of the particle increasing or decreasing? Give a reason for your
answer.
(d) During what time intervals, if any, is the acceleration of the particle negative? Justify your answer.
(a) Since v( t ) < 0 for 0 < t < 3 and 5 < t < 6, and v( t ) > 0
for 3 < t < 5, we consider t = 3 and t = 6.
3

x( 3) = 2 +

0 v( t ) dt = 2 8 = 10

x( 6 ) = 2 +

0 v( t ) dt = 2 8 + 3 2 = 9

1 : identifies t = 3 as a candidate

6
3 : 1 : considers v( t ) dt
0

1 : conclusion

Therefore, the particle is farthest left at time t = 3 when

its position is x( 3) = 10.

(b) The particle moves continuously and monotonically from

x( 0 ) = 2 to x( 3) = 10. Similarly, the particle moves
continuously and monotonically from x( 3) = 10 to
x( 5 ) = 7 and also from x( 5 ) = 7 to x( 6 ) = 9.

1 : positions at t = 3, t = 5,

and t = 6
3:
1 : description of motion
1 : conclusion

By the Intermediate Value Theorem, there are three values

of t for which the particle is at x( t ) = 8.
(c) The speed is decreasing on the interval 2 < t < 3 since on
this interval v < 0 and v is increasing.
(d) The acceleration is negative on the intervals 0 < t < 1 and
4 < t < 6 since velocity is decreasing on these intervals.

1 : answer with reason

2:

1 : answer
1 : justification

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AP CALCULUS BC
2008 SCORING GUIDELINES
Question 5
The derivative of a function f is given by f ( x ) = ( x 3) e x for x > 0, and f (1) = 7.
(a) The function f has a critical point at x = 3. At this point, does f have a relative minimum, a relative
maximum, or neither? Justify your answer.
(b) On what intervals, if any, is the graph of f both decreasing and concave up? Explain your reasoning.
(c) Find the value of f ( 3) .
(a) f ( x ) < 0 for 0 < x < 3 and f ( x ) > 0 for x > 3
Therefore, f has a relative minimum at x = 3.

1: minimum at x = 3
2:
1: justification

2 : f ( x )
3:
1 : answer with reason

(b) f ( x ) = e x + ( x 3) e x = ( x 2 ) e x
f ( x ) > 0 for x > 2

f ( x ) < 0 for 0 < x < 3

Therefore, the graph of f is both decreasing and concave up on the
interval 2 < x < 3.

(c) f ( 3) = f (1) +

f ( x ) dx = 7 +

1 ( x 3) e

u = x 3 dv = e x dx
du = dx
f ( 3) = 7 + ( x 3) e x

v = ex
3
1

3 x

1 e

= 7 + ( x 3) e x e x

dx

1 : uses initial condition

4: 2 : integration by parts
1 : answer

dx

)1

= 7 + 3e e3

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AP CALCULUS BC
2008 SCORING GUIDELINES
Question 6
Consider the logistic differential equation

dy
y
= ( 6 y ) . Let y = f ( t ) be the particular solution to the
dt
8

differential equation with f ( 0 ) = 8.

(a) A slope field for this differential equation is given below. Sketch possible
solution curves through the points ( 3, 2 ) and ( 0, 8 ) .
(Note: Use the axes provided in the exam booklet.)
(b) Use Eulers method, starting at t = 0 with two steps of equal size, to
approximate f (1) .
(c) Write the second-degree Taylor polynomial for f about t = 0, and use it
to approximate f (1) .
(d) What is the range of f for t 0 ?
1: solution curve through ( 0,8 )
2:
1: solution curve through ( 3, 2 )

(a)

( 12 ) 8 + ( 2) ( 12 ) = 7
7 1
105
f (1) 7 + ( )( ) =
8 2
16
d y 1 dy
y dy
=
(6 y ) + ( )
8 dt
8 dt
dt

(b) f

(c)

f ( 0 ) = 8; f ( 0 ) =
f ( 0 ) =

d y
dt 2

=
t =0

dy
dt

t =0

8
( 6 8 ) = 2; and
8

1 : Eulers method with two steps

2:
1 : approximation of f (1)

d2y
2
:

dt 2
4:
1 : second-degree Taylor polynomial
1 : approximation of f (1)

1
( 2 )( 2 ) + 8 ( 2 ) = 5
8
8
2

The second-degree Taylor polynomial for f about

5
t = 0 is P2 ( t ) = 8 2t + t 2 .
4
29
f (1) P2 (1) =
4
(d) The range of f for t 0 is 6 < y 8 .

1 : answer

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