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Chemistry Project

File

Topic
TO EXTRACT ESSENTIAL OILS
PRESENT IN SOUNF(ANISEED)

Submitted by
Submitted to
Name:
Mr.
Class:

Acknowledgement

I wish to express my deep gratitude


and sincere thanks to the principal
___________________ , _________________
School, for his/her encouragement and for
all the facilities that he/she provided
in
this
project work. I sincerely
appreciate this magnanimity by taking
me into his/her fold for which I shall
herein indebted to him/her. I extent
my
hearty thanks
to Mr.
_______________,
Chemistry
teacher,
who guided me to
the
successful
completion
of this project. I take this
opportunity to express my deep sense of
gratitude
for
his
invaluable
guidance, attitude
and
immense
motivation,
which
has sustained my
efforts at all stage of this project work

Submitted by

Name
Class

Certificate
This is to certify that _______ has satisfactorily
completed the project in chemistry on TO
EXTRACT
ESSENTIAL
OILS
PRESENT
IN
SOUNF(ANISEED) prescribed in the course in
the school in the year 201_-1_. I have
examined the project and hereby accord by
my approval of it. As a study carried out and
presented in the manner required for its
acceptance. This doesnt necessarily endorse
or accept every statement made, opinion
expressed or conclusion drawn. It only
signifies the acceptance of the project for
which it is submitted.

(Principal)
Chemistry Dept.)

(Head of

CONTENTS
S.NO
1
2
3
4

CONTEN PAGE
TS
N O.
INTRODUCTI
5
ON
EXPERIMENT

THEORY
PROCEDURE AND
REQUIREMENTS

6
7
8

5
6
7

OBSERVATION
CONCLUSION AND
PRECAUTIONS

BIBLIOGRAP
HY

9
10
11

6
INTRODUCTION
We are all familiar with the pleasant odours
coming out from flowers, spices and many trees. The
essence or aromas of plants are due to volatile oils
present in them. These smelling volatile oils present in
plants are called essential oils. Cinnamon, clove, cumin,
eucalyptus,
garlic,
jasmine,
peppermint,
rose,
sandalwood, spearmint, thyme, wintergreen are a few
familiar examples of valuable essential oils. The term
essential oils literally means oils derived from the
essence of plants. Essential oils are mainly used for their
pleasant odours and flavors in perfumes and as flavoring
agents in foods. Some are used in medicines (e.g.,
camphor, wintergreen, eucalyptus) others as insect
repellants (e.g., citronella).
Chemically essential oils are
composed of complex mixtures of ester, alcohols, phenols,
aldehydes,
ketones
and
hydrocarbons.
They
are
essentially non-polar compounds and are thus soluble in
non-polar solvents such as petroleum ether, benzene etc.
Essential oils may occur in all parts of the plant, but they
are often concentrated in the seeds or flowers. They are
obtained from the plants by the process of steam
distillation and extraction. The technique of steam
distillation permits the separation of volatile components
from
non-volatile
materials
without
raising
the
temperature of the distillation above 100 C. Thus steam
distillation reduces the risk of decomposition of essential
oils.

Experime
nt
To extract
essential oil
present in
Saunf (aniseed)

8
Aniseed Essential oil

Aniseed, on steam distillation, yields an essential oil, known as `Oil of


Aniseed`, which has now replaced the fruits for medicinal and flavoring
purposes. Aniseed oil is a colorless or pale-yellow liquid having the
characteristic
odour and taste of the fruit. The yield of oil generally
varies from 1.9 to 3.1 per cent. Higher values up to 6 per cent have been
reported from Syrian aniseed. Crushing of fruits prior to distillation gives
better yields of oil. The material should be distilled soon after the
crushing to prevent any loss of oil due to evaporation.
Aniseed oil is a highly refractive liquid, which solidifies on
cooling. The congealing point depends much on the anethole content
and is a valuable criterion for evaluating the oil. Exposure of the oil to air
causes polymerization, and some oxidation also takes place with the
formation of anisaldehyde and anisic acid. The chief constituent of aniseed
oil is anethole, which is present to the extent of 80 to 90 per cent and is
mainly responsible for the characteristic flavor of the oil. The oil also
contains methyl chavicol ,
p-methoxyphenyl acetone, and small
amount of terpenes and sulfur containing compounds of disagreeable
odour.

USES OF ANISEED OIL: In aromatherapy, aniseed essential oil is used to treat


colds and flu.
Aniseed oil can be made into a liquid scent and is used for
both hunting and fishing. It is put on fishing lures to
attract fish.
Anethole, the principal component of anise oil, is a
precursor
that
can
eventually
produce
2,5dimethoxybenzaldehyde which is can be used in the
clandestine synthesis of psychedelic drugs such as 2C-B,
2C-I and DOB.
Oil of aniseed is also reported to be used as an aromatic
carminative to relieve flatulence, and as an ingredient of
cough lozenges in combination with liquorices.
Essential oil is also used externally as an insecticide
against small insects such as head lice, mites and vermin.
It also has fungicidal properties.

REQUIREMENTS:-

10

Steam generator (Copper Vessel), round bottom flask (500 ml), conical
flask, condenser, glass tubes, iron stand, sand bath, separator funnel,
tripod stands, burners, Petroleum ether(60-80C),Saunf(Aniseed) .

PROCEDURE:1. Set the apparatus as shown in the picture of Experimental Setup.


2. The apparatus consists of a steam generator connected to the round
bottom flask through a glass inlet tube.
3. The flask is connected to a water condenser through a glass outlet
tube.
4. Condenser is further attached to a receiver through an adaptor.
5. Take about 750 ml of water in the steam generator and start heating
to produce steam.
6. In the round bottom flask take about 75 gm of crushed saunf.
7. A vigorous current of steam from steam generator is passed through
the round bottom flask.
8. A part of the steam condenses in the round bottom flask. As more
and more steam is passed, the steam volatile components of saunf
pass through the condenser along with steam.
9. These contents on condensation are collected in the receiver.
10.The contents in the round bottom flask may be heated by a bunsen
burner to prevent excessive condensation of steam.
11.The process of steam distillation is continued for about half an hour.
12.Transfer the distillate to a separating funnel and extract with 20 ml
portions of petroleum ether 3 times.
13.Combine the petroleum ether extracts in a 250 ml conical flask and
dry it with the help of anhydrous sodium sulphate.
14.Remove the solvent from the dried filtrate by careful distillation in a
water bath.
15.The essential oil is left behind in the distillation flask.
16.Find the weight of the extracted essential oil. Note the colour, odour
and weight of the essential oil.

OBSERVATIONS:-

11

Name of
Item

Weig
ht of
Item
taken

Initial
Weig
ht
(x)

Weight
of
bottle
+
essenti
al oil
(y)

Weight
of
essenti
al oil
extract
ed
(y-x)

Percentag
e of
essential
oil
(y/100)*10
0

Colour
of the
oil

Odour
of the
oil

1.)
SAUNF
(ANISEED
):-

100
gm

10gm

11.25
gm

1.25
gm

1.25 %

Colour
-

Saunf
like
smell.

-less

Conclusion

12

HENCE WE HAVE EXTRACTED ESSENTIAL


OILS FROM 75 GM OF SOUNF(ANISEED)

Precautions

If you accidentally spill essential oils Clean any

spillage with an absorbent material such as kitchen roll.

If you accidentally get essential oils in your eye


Flush with copious amounts of MILK for at least 15
minutes and seek medical advice if symptoms persist.

If you accidentally swallow essential oils Rinse


mouth with MILK and seek medical attention.

Handling Do not eat, drink or smoke when handling.


Respect good personal hygiene.

Always mix with carrier oil before applying to the


skin. Never apply to inflamed or broken skin.

Do not use neat on skin.

Do not take internally. If pregnant seek medical


advice before using.

Storage Store in a cool, dry place away from heat


and direct sunlight. Always use original containers.
Avoid contact with polished surfaces and plastic.

Keep essential oils away from children and pets

13

BIBLIOGRAPHY
COMPREHENSIVE CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL CLASS-XII.
HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/ANISE
HTTP://WWW.ESSENTIALOILS.CO.ZA/ESSENTIAL-OILS/ANISEED.HTM

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