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    GD&T Basics

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    janaaidaas1996
    The document discusses various geometric tolerances including straightness, flatness, circularity, cylindricity, perpendicularity, angularity, parallelism, profile, and runout tolerances. It provides definitions and examples of each tolerance type. Circularity refers to the roundness of a feature while runout tolerances specify the amount of deviation from a perfect circle over a full revolution.

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    GD&T Basics

    Uploaded by

    janaaidaas1996
    241 views33 pages
    The document discusses various geometric tolerances including straightness, flatness, circularity, cylindricity, perpendicularity, angularity, parallelism, profile, and runout tolerances. It provides definitions and examples of each tolerance type. Circularity refers to the roundness of a feature while runout tolerances specify the amount of deviation from a perfect circle over a full revolution.

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    GD&T basics

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    The document discusses various geometric tolerances including straightness, flatness, circularity, cylindricity, perpendicularity, angularity, parallelism, profile, and runout tolerances. It provides definitions and examples of each tolerance type. Circularity refers to the roundness of a feature while runout tolerances specify the amount of deviation from a perfect circle over a full revolution.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    241 views33 pages

    GD&T Basics

    Uploaded by

    janaaidaas1996
    The document discusses various geometric tolerances including straightness, flatness, circularity, cylindricity, perpendicularity, angularity, parallelism, profile, and runout tolerances. It provides definitions and examples of each tolerance type. Circularity refers to the roundness of a feature while runout tolerances specify the amount of deviation from a perfect circle over a full revolution.

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    You are on page 1of 33

    Geometric Dimensioning and

    Tolerancing

    Chapter 6, Form, Orientation,


    Profile, and Runout
    Tolerances

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

    Geometric Characteristics
    Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 2

    Straightness

    Straightness can be applied to a surface (either flat or


    cylindrical).
    Straightness can also be applied to an axis.
    straightness applied to a
    flat surface

    straightness applied to a
    cylindrical surface

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 3

    Straightness

    As you measure along a line, the height must be between 12 and 13 mm and the variation may not be
    more than 0.5 mm from a straight line.

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 4

    Straightness

    Straightness applied to a cylindrical surface.

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 5

    Straightness

    Straightness can also be applied to an axis.

    12.50.2

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 6

    Geometric Characteristics
    Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 7

    Flatness

    Flatness is the condition of a surface where all elements


    are in one plane.

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 8

    Flatness

    The surface could be checked by translating the part


    under a dial indicator.

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 9

    Geometric Characteristics
    Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 10

    Circularity

    Circularity is roundness.
    At any cross-sectional measurement during one
    complete revolution of the feature, all points of the
    surface are perpendicular at an equal distance from a
    common axis.

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 11

    Geometric Characteristics
    Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 12

    Cylindricity

    Cylindricity is the condition of an entire feature surface


    during one revolution in which all surface points are an
    equal distance from a common axis.

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 13

    Geometric Characteristics
    Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 14

    Perpendicularity

    Perpendicularity is the condition of an entire surface,


    plane, or axis at a right angle to a datum plane or axis.

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 15

    Perpendicularity

    Perpendicularity is the condition of an entire surface,


    plane, or axis at a right angle to a datum plane or axis.

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 16

    Geometric Characteristics
    Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 17

    Angularity

    Angularity is the condition of an axis or plane other than


    90 degrees to another datum plane or axis.

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 18

    Geometric Characteristics
    Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 19

    Parallelism

    Parallelism is the condition of a surface, center plane, or


    axis that is an equal distance at all points from a datum
    plane or axis.

    bilateral tolerance zone

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 20

    Parallelism

    Example of a cylinder being parallel to another surface.

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 21

    Parallelism

    Example of a cylinder being parallel to another cylinder.

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 22

    Geometric Characteristics
    Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 23

    Profile: line

    , surface

    Profile tolerance is specified for designs where the


    surface is to be controlled within a given basic shape.
    Specified for irregular features that are difficult to control
    with other form or orientation tolerances.

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 24

    Profile: line

    , surface

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 25

    Geometric Characteristics
    Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 26

    Circular Runout

    and Total Runout

    The worst circular runout occurs at the slice with the


    greatest variation (0.03 mm in this case).
    Total runout is the difference between the highest and
    lowest readings found over the entire feature. (0.11 mm
    in this case).
    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 27

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 28

    Circularity vs. Runout

    Can anyone explain the difference between the two and


    can they be used on a print interchangeabilty?
    http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=186399
    tp://communities.ptc.com/message/173195

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 29

    Circularity vs. Runout

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 30

    Geometric Characteristics
    Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 31

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 32

    EML 2023
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 33

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