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Mobile Battery Charging Circuit: Deepak Gupta

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[CIRCUIT IDEAS]

Mobile
Battery Charging Circuit
Mobile phones have become an integral part of
ones life. Today everyone can be seen carrying one
or two mobile phones. The life of your phone
depends on the Battery. Once the battery goes
down, your phone becomes dead. Imagine the
same happens with you and there is no charging
socket to charge your phone or you forget to bring
your charger. Then what?
A portable charger can be build using AA cells. It
replenishes the cellphone battery within two to three
hours. Basically, the charger is a current-limited

DEEPAK GUPTA

SANJAY KUMAR

predetermined voltage level.


The circuit uses Timer 555. A basic 555 timer
consists of two operational amplifiers a set-reset
flip-flop and two transistors. The operational
amplifiers are designed to work as
comparators.Each comparator is used to compare
the threshold voltage with a reference voltage. The
first comparator COMP 1 compares with a
reference voltage of +2/3 Vcc. The second
comparator COMP2 compares with a reference
voltage of +1/3 Vcc. After comparing the voltages,

Q1

R7
C2

S1

R4

R1

5
C1
2

VCC

TR

R3

DC 7

BATTERY

R2

CV

B1

GND

R6

U?

D0

TH

P1
PQT

ME555

D1

D2

P2
PQT

C3
R5

voltage source. Generally, cellphone battery packs


require 3.6-6V DC and 180-200mA current for
charging. These usually contain three NiCd cells,
each having 1.2V rating. Current of 100mA is
sufficient for charging the cellphone battery at a
slow rate. A 12V battery containing eight pen cells
gives sufficient current (1.8A) to charge the battery
connected across the output terminals. The circuit
also monitors the voltage level of the battery. It
automatically cuts off the charging process when its
output terminal voltage increases above the

their respective outputs are given to the input of the


flip-flop.The output of the flip flop is given to this
transistor. According to the output, the transistor
switches to its cut-off region or saturation
region.When the transistor is in the saturation
stage, it provides a discharge path to an externally
connected capacitor.Timer IC NE555 is used to
charge and monitor the voltage level in the
battery.The battery,B1 used is 1.5Vx8 AA cells.
Control voltage pin 5 of IC1 is provided with a
reference voltage of 5.6V by zener diode D1.

[CIRCUIT IDEAS]
Threshold pin 6 is supplied with a voltage set by P1
and trigger pin 2 is supplied with a voltage set by
P2. When the discharged cellphone battery is
connected to the circuit, the voltage given to trigger
pin 2 of IC1 is below 1/3Vcc and hence the flip-flop
in the IC is switched on to take output pin 3 high.
When the battery is fully charged, the output
terminal voltage increases the voltage at pin 2 of
IC1 above the trigger point threshold. This switches
off the flip-flop and the output goes low to
terminate the charging process. Threshold pin 6 of
IC1 is referenced at 2/3Vcc set by P1. Transistor Q1
is used to enhance the charging current. Value of
R3 is critical in providing the required current for
charging. With the given value of 39-ohm the
charging current is around 180 mA. The circuit can
be constructed on a small general-purpose PCB.
For calibration of cut-off voltage level, use a
variable DC power source. Connect the output
terminals of the circuit to the variable power supply
set at 7V. Adjust P1 in the middle position and slowly

adjust P2 until LED (D2) goes off, indicating low


output. LED should turn on when the voltage of the
variable power supply reduces below 5V. The
components used are
P1=20K
P2=20K
R1=390R
R2=680R
R3=39R-1W
R4=27K
R5=47K
R6=3.3K
R7=100R-1W
C1=4.7uF-25V
C2=0.01uF
C3=0.001uF
D1=5.6V-1WZener
D2=3mm.RedLED
Q1 = SL100

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