MADANI QAIDAH

Articulatory organs of the letters

The literal meaning of the word Makhraj is the point of outlet. In terms of Tajwd the
articulatory organ of an Arabic letter is called Makhraj (articulator).
Letters

,
,
,

,,

,,
,,
,,
,,

Category

Articulator

alqiyya Letters

Pronounced from the bottom part of the throat

Pronounced from the middle part of the throat

Laawiyya Letters

Shajariyya Letters
fiy Letter
arafiyya Letters
Niiyya Letters
Liawiyya Letters
afriya Letters
Shafawiyya Letters

Pronounced from the top part (pharynx) of the

throat
Pronounced from the root of the tongue and the
soft palate
Pronounced from the root of the tongue and the
hard palate
Pronounced from the middle of the tongue and
the middle of the palate
Pronounced from the sides of the tongue and
the roots of the upper molars
Pronounced from the edge of the tongue and the
part of the roots of the teeth towards the palate
Pronounced from the tip of the tongue and the
roots of the upper front teeth
Pronounced from the top of the tongue and the
inner edge of the upper teeth
Pronounced from the tip of the tongue and the
inner edges of both (front-upper) teeth
Pronounced from the edge of the upper front teeth
and the wet part of the lower lip

Pronounced from the wet part of both lips

Pronounced from the dry part of both lips

Pronounced by the rounding of both lips

MADANI QAIDAH
Primary Qida for reciting the Holy Quran
with correct articulation

Presented by
Majlis Madrasa-tul-Madinah

Translated into English by

Majlis-e-Tarajim (Dawat-e-Islami)

An English translation of Madani Qaidah

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Copyright 2014 Maktaba-tul-Madinah

No part of this publication may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of Maktaba-tul-Madinah.

Edition:
st

First

1 Publication:

Rajab-ul-Murajjab, 1435 AH (May, 2014)

Publisher:

Maktaba-tul-Madinah

Quantity:
ISBN:

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Feel free to contact us if you wish to sponsor the printing of a religious book or booklet for the
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Purani Sabzi Mandi, Bab-ul-Madinah, Karachi, Pakistan
! Email: maktabaglobal@dawateislami.net - maktaba@dawateislami.net
" Phone: +92-21-34921389-93 34126999
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Du for Reading the Book

Read the following Du (supplication) before you study a religious book or an Islamic
lesson, you will remember whatever you study, 2'1 3' 4'' 51 '6 !"#$"%&'()*+' .- /&:

6 9

C E

(Rn ikyt, pp. 68)

Note: Recite alt-Alan-Nab ! once before and after the Du.

Madan objective
I must strive to reform myself and the people of the entire world, 2'1 3' 4'' 51 '6 !"#$"%&'()*+' .- /&.

Name: _________________________________________________________

Madrasa: ______________________________________________________
Class: _________________________________________________________
Address: _______________________________________________________
___________________________ Phone number: ______________________
iii

Transliteration Chart

A/a
A/a
B/b
P/p
T/t
/
/
J/j
Ch
/
Kh/kh
D/d
/
/

/
Z/z
X/x
S/s
Sh/sh
/
/
/
/

Gh/gh
F/f
Q/q
K/k

iv

M/m

V/v, W/w

/ /

L/l

N/n

Y/y
Y/y
A/a
U/u
I/i
/
/
/

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Translators Notes
Dear Islamic brothers! Dawat-e-Islamis Majlis-e-Tarjim, a department responsible for
reproducing the books and booklets of Amr-e-Al-e-Sunnat founder of Dawat-e-Islami
Allma Mauln Abu Bilal Muhammad Ilyas Attar Qadiri Razavi !"'7"/%8"'9"-%& ;": <": =: 8">' ?' "'@ A"
- B&
' 'C
into various languages of the world, is pleased to deliver English version of the book
Madan Qida which was presented in Urdu language by Majlis Madrasa-tul-Madna
to impart basic knowledge for correct recitation of the Holy Quran. To facilitate the
pronunciation of Arabic letters, a transliteration chart has been added.
This translation has been accomplished by the grace of Almighty Allah 2'1 3' 4'' 51 '6, by the favour
of His Noble Prophet ;'1$"D' 4' !" / %F&4' !/ - 7'$"'6G8F '9"'=!": # $"%&H'1 "I' and the spiritual support of our great Shaykh, the
founder of Dawat-e-Islami, Allma Mauln Abu Bilal Muhammad Ilyas Attar Qadiri
Razavi !"'7"/%8"'9"-%& ;": <": =: 8">' ?' "'@ A"
- B&
' 'C. If there is any shortcoming in this work, it may be a human error
on the part of the Translation Majlis. Therefore, if you find any mistake in it, kindly notify
us in writing at the following postal or email address with the intention of earning reward
(awb).

Majlis-e-Tarjim (Translation Department)

Aalami Madani Markaz, Faizan-e-Madinah Mahallah Saudagran,
Purani Sabzi Mandi, Bab-ul-Madinah, Karachi, Pakistan
Phone: $ +92-21-111-25-26-92 Ext. 1262
Email: % translation@dawateislami.net

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First read this

Holy Quran, the Word of Allah 2'1 3' 4'' 51 '6 is a matchless source of guidance, knowledge and
'I
wisdom. The Most Beloved Prophet ;'1$D' 4' ! / %F&4' !/ - 7'$'JG8F '9'=K&
: H1 ' said:

6 6

The best person amongst you is he who learnt the Holy Quran and taught to others.
(a Bukhr, Kitb Fail-ul-Quran, pp.435, ad 5027)
2'1 3' 4'' 51 '6

!"#$"%/ L"
: M- N"
' - %' &!

In order to spread the teachings of the Holy Quran, Dawat-e-Islami, the

non-political global movement for the propagation of the Holy Quran and Sunna has
established countless Madris (schools) titled Madrasa-tul-Madna in Pakistan and
abroad. These Madris hold classes of if and Nira. To date, approximately 72,000
Madan children are being taught if and Nira for free in Pakistan. Similarly,
Madrasa-tul-Madna classes (for male adults) are held in various Masjid etc. almost
daily after alt-ul-Ish. Islamic brothers learn the correct recitation of the Holy Quran,
pronouncing the Arabic letters from their proper articulators (Makhrij), Dus
(supplications), al and the Sunan, all for free. In addition, thousands of Madrasa-tulMadna classes (for female adults) are held daily within the homes not just in Pakistan,
but also in several other countries of the world. As an example, to date, approximately
1,317 Madrasa classes for Islamic sisters take place almost on a daily basis in Bb-ulMadna (Karachi), in which more than 12,017 Islamic sisters learn the Holy Quran, al,
Sunan and Dus, all for free.

vi

Madani Qaidah
2'1 3' 4'' 51 6' !"#$"%/ L"
: M- N"
' - %' &!

The experienced teachers of Madrasa-tul-Madna have compiled this Madan

Qida to make learning of the Holy Quran easier. The Madan Qida presents the
fundamental rules of Tajwd (elocution) in a simplified form for both the young and the
aged students, so that all children, Islamic brothers and Islamic sisters may easily learn
the correct recitation of the Holy Quran. Expert Qurr` (reciters of the Holy Quran)
"' P"Q
G8
F '9"'= !: "# $"%& ;"
: O: ?' 1 ' have carefully checked and verified the contents of the Madan Qida with
regards to the rules of Tajwd.
For guidance on how to teach the Madan Qida, the book named Ranum-eMudarrisn (a guide book) has also been published; it contains a great deal of the teaching
methodology for each lesson. The V.C.D. of the Madan Qida will also be released very
soon by Maktaba-tul-Madna, a department of Dawat-e-Islami 2'1 3' 4'' 51 6' !"#$"%&'()*+' .- /&; it will be
further helpful in understanding the Madan Qida thereby making the recitation of the
Holy Quran easier.
As per our Madan objective set out by Amr-e-Al-e-Sunnat, the founder of Dawat-eIslami, Allma Mauln Abu Bilal Muhammad Ilyas Attar Qadiri Razavi !"' 7"/ %8"'9- "%&;: "<: "=: 8">' ?' "'@A- "B&' 'C:
I must strive to reform myself and the people of the entire world, 2'1 3' 4'' 51 '6 !"#$"%&'()*+' .- /&, may
Allah 2'1 3' 4'' 51 '6 make us act upon the Madan Inmt for reforming ourselves and make us
travel with the Madan Qfilas for reforming the people of the entire world!
9 6
6
\ Y

6
C

Majlis Madrasa-tul-Madna (Dawat-e-Islami)

29th ul-ijja-til-arm 1428H

vii


MADANI

QAIDAH

viii

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Lesson Number 1: urf Mufridt (Individual Letters)

The Mufridt Letters i.e. Arabic alphabets are 29 in number. C Pronounce Mufridt
Letters with the Arabic accent according to the rules of Tajwd and Qir`at, avoid
Urdu pronunciations, for example do not pronounce: , , , , , , .
Instead pronounce them in the following way: , ,
, , , ,

From amongst these 29 letters, there are 7 that are always pronounced with a
thicker voice, these letters are called Mustaliya Letters. These seven letters are:

. C Only
, , , , , , . Their combination (as a mnemonic) is:

4 letters are pronounced from the lips: , , , . Except these letters, do not let the
lips move whilst pronouncing any other letter.

Madani Qaidah

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Lesson Number 2: urf Murakkabt (Compound Letters)

Two or more letters combine to form a Murakkab (Compound). C Pronounce each

letter of the Murakkab letters separately like Mufridt Letters.

Make sure in this lesson also to pronounce the letters in the Marf manner i.e. with
the Arabic accent.

When two or more letters are joined together in writing, their shape gets changed a
bit. Usually the head of the letter is written and the body is omitted. C The letters
which are identical when in the compound form, identify them by the difference in
the number and position of the dots.

Madani Qaidah

Madani Qaidah

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Lesson Number 3: arakt

C

The plural of arakat is arakt. Zabar

, Zayr

and Paysh

are called

arakt. Zabar and Paysh are placed above the letters whereas Zayr is placed underneath.

The letter which bears arakat is called Mutaarrik.

Madani Qaidah

Pronounce Zabar

by opening the mouth and raising the voice, Zayr

dropping the voice and Paysh

by

by the rounding of the lips.

Pronounce the arakt in Arabic accent without stretching or jerking the voice.

If a arakat or Jazm is present on then pronounce it as amza , .

If the letter carries a Zabar or Paysh pronounce it with a thick tone. If the letter
bears a Zayr, pronounce it with a thin tone.

Madani Qaidah

Madani Qaidah

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Lesson Number 4
C

Read this lesson Rawn (i.e. without syllabification).

Take special care to pronounce arakt correctly.

Differentiate clearly between the letters that are Qarb-u-aut i.e. the letters that
sound somewhat similar.

Madani Qaidah

To become pious and to abide by Sunna, keep invoking it all the time.
(Masil-ul-Quran pp. 290)

Madani Qaidah

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Lesson Number 5: Tanwn

Double Zabar

, double Zayr

and double Paysh

is called Tanwn.

A letter carrying Tanwn is called Munawwan.

In fact Tanwn is a Nn Skin that lies at the end of the phrase, that is why Tanwn
sounds like Nn Skin, e.g. !
,

!

! double Zabar ,

Spell out the examples of Tanwn as follows:

double Zayr
,

!
,

! double Paysh
!

Sometimes or is shown after double Zabar, do not pronounce it during

syllabification.

Madani Qaidah

10

Madani Qaidah

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Lesson Number 6

Read this lesson both ways i.e. Rawn (without syllabification) as well with ijjay
(with syllabification).

Take special care to correctly pronounce arakt, Tanwn and all the letters
particularly the urf Mustaliya.

Do ijjay in this way:

!

! Zabar

11

, Zayr
!

, N double Paysh

Madani Qaidah

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Lesson Number 7

The Letters of Madda

C
C

This sign

is called Jazm. A letter that carries a Jazm is called Skin (stationary).

The Skin letter is read along with the Mutaarrik letter preceding it.

There are three letters of Madda, these are: , ,

When there is Zabar before , it becomes

Madda e.g. . When there is Paysh

before Skin () , it becomes Madda e.g.

Skin (
), it becomes Madda e.g.

. When there is Zayr before

Pronounce the letters of Madda by elongating them up to one

i.e. up to two
arakt.

Spell out as:

!
Zabar

! Paysh

12

! Zayr

Madani Qaidah

13

Madani Qaidah

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Lesson Number 8

Ka [Vertical] arakt

Vertical Zabar
[vertical] arakt.

The vertical arakt are equivalent to the letters of Madda. So pronounce vertical

, vertical Zayr

and inverted Paysh

are called Ka

arakt by elongating them up to one i.e. up to two arakt, like that in the case
of the letters of Madda.

In this lesson, differentiate clearly between the letters that are Qarb-u-aut i.e. the
letters that sound somewhat similar.

14

Madani Qaidah

15

Madani Qaidah

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Lesson Number 9

The Letters of Ln
C

There are two letters of Ln: and

When there is Zabar before Skin, it becomes Ln e.g.

Zabar before Skin, then it becomes Ln e.g.

. When there is

Pronounce the letters of Ln gently in Arabic accent without any elongation.

Spell out in this way:

! Zabar

16

! Zabar

Madani Qaidah

17

Madani Qaidah

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Lesson Number 10

Read this lesson both ways i.e. Rawn as well with ijjay.

This lesson comprises of all the previous lessons i.e. arakt, Tanwn, the Letters of
Madda, Vertical arakt and the Letters of Ln.

Apply the rules, practise recognition of the letters and spell them out correctly,
especially urf Mustaliya.

Whilst doing ijjay, join every letter to the preceding letters. For example do ijjay
of the word

U Zabar !

as follows ! Zabar
, double Paysh !

18

,
Paysh

Madani Qaidah

19

Madani Qaidah

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Lesson Number 11

Sukn (Jazm)
C

As you have already learnt, this sign

called Skin (still letter).

The letter carrying Jazm is pronounced in conjunction with the Mutaarrik letter
preceding it.

Always pronounce the amza Skina ( , ) with jerk.

There are five Letters of Qalqala , , , , , their combination is

.

The meaning of Qalqala is movement, there should be somewhat movement at the

Makhrij (articulator) when pronouncing these letters such that the sound rebounds.

When the Letters of Qalqala are Skin, Qalqala should be more prominent.

In this lesson, take special care for correct pronunciation of the Letters of Qalqala
and the amza Skina and distinguish clearly between the letters that sound
somewhat similar.
20

is called Jazm, a letter carrying Jazm is

Madani Qaidah

21

Madani Qaidah

Zayr is not
used before

Skin

Paysh is not
used before

Skin

EXERCISE

22

Madani Qaidah

23

Madani Qaidah

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Lesson Number 12

#
% '& Skin and Tanwn (Ir, Ikhf)
C

There are four cases regarding Nn Skin and Tanwn: (1) )*( ,+ -.( / (Ir) (2) 2* 0+ 1 /.
(Ikhf) (3) 3* 4+ 5 /. (Idghm) (4) 6
7+ 8 /. (Iqlb).
1. Ir: If any of the alqiyya letters is present after Nn Skin or Tanwn, then
Ir will be made i.e. nasalization (Ghunna) will not be done whilst pronouncing
such Nn Skin and Tanwn. The alqiyya letters are six in number and they are:

, , , , and .
2. Ikhf: If any of the Ikhf letter is present after Nn Skin or Tanwn, then Ikhf
will be made i.e. nasalization (Ghunna) will be done whilst pronouncing
such Nn Skin and Tanwn. The Ikhf letters are 15 in number and they are:

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , .
Note: Idghm and Iqlb have been described in Lesson 14.

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25

Madani Qaidah

26

Madani Qaidah

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Lesson Number 13: Tashdd

The w-shaped diacritic

called Mushaddad.

Pronounce the Mushaddad letter twice; first by combining it with the preceding
Mutaarrik letter and then by its own arakat with a slight pause.

Ghunna should always be done whilst pronouncing #

% '& (Nn) Mushaddad and 9 :.;
(Mm) Mushaddad. Ghunna means taking of the sound into the nose i.e. nasalization.

is called Tashdd. A letter carrying Tashdd sign is

The duration of the Ghunna should be equal to one .

When the letters of Qalqala are Mushaddad, pronounce them with stress.

If the first letter is Mutaarrik, the second Skin and the third Mushaddad, then in
most cases (not always) the Skin letter is not pronounced and the Mutaarrik letter

27

Madani Qaidah

is pronounced by joining it with the Mushaddad letter e.g. will be pronounced

as k U.

In addition to practising Tashdd in this lesson, distinguish clearly between the letters
that sound somewhat similar.

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Madani Qaidah

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Madani Qaidah

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Madani Qaidah

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Lesson Number 14

#
% '& Skin and Tanwn (Idghm, Iqlb)
3. Idghm: Idghm will be done when any letter of Yarmaln is present after Nn
Skin or Tanwn. In case of and Idghm will be done without Ghunna and
in case of remaining 4 letters, Idghm will be done with Ghunna. The Letters of
Yarmaln are six in number and these are: , , , , and .
4. Iqlb: If the letter is present after Nn Skin or Tanwn, then do Iqlb i.e. change
the Nn Skin or Tanwn into and do Ikhf i.e. pronounce with nasalization.

! Zabar

Spell out Idghm as under: Example:

, Paysh

, Paysh
!

, Zayr !

! Zayr

Spell out Iqlb as under: Example:

.

31

, Zabar

, U Zabar

Madani Qaidah

Invoke it 21 times (recite alt-Alan-Nab once before and after the invocation),
blow on water and drink it or make it drink to others before breakfast for 40 days,
the memory (of the one who drinks this water) will be strengthened 2'1 3' 4'' 51 '6 !"#$"%&'()*+' .- /&.
(Shajara Ariyya, pp. 46)

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Madani Qaidah

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Lesson Number 15

The Cases of 9:.; Skin

There are three cases of Skin: (1) Idghm-e-Shafaw (2) Ikhf-e-Shafaw

(3) Ir-e-Shafaw.
1. Idghm-e-Shafaw: When another is present after Skin, Idghm-eShafaw is done within the Skin i.e. Ghunna is done.

2. Ikhf-e-Shafaw: If is present after Skin, Ikhf-e-Shafaw is done within

the Skin i.e. Ghunna is done.

3. Ir-e-Shafaw: If any letter other than or is present after Skin,

Ir-e-Shafaw is done within the Skin i.e. Ghunna is not done.

33

Madani Qaidah

'. ' " '. ' ' ' . ' . " ' '
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Lesson Number 16

Tafkhm and Tarqq

C

The meaning of Tafkhm is to pronounce the letter in thick tone, and that of Tarqq
is to pronounce the letter in thin tone.

Three letters , and are sometimes pronounced in thick tone and sometimes

in thin tone.

! will be pronounced in thick tone if it is preceded by a letter that is

pronounced in thick tone and it will be pronounced in thin tone when preceded by a
letter that is pronounced in thin tone.

C ! If the letter before the of the Ism-e-Jallat p( 2'1 3' 4'' 51 '6) carries Zabar or
Paysh, then the of the Ism-e-Jallat p( 2'1 3' 4'' 51 '6) will be pronounced in thick tone

and if the letter before the of the Ism-e-Jallat p( 2'1 3' 4'' 51 '6) carries Zayr, then the

of the Ism-e-Jallat p( 2'1 3' 4'' 51 '6) will be pronounced in thin tone.
34

Madani Qaidah

Except the of the Ism-e-Jallat p( 2'1 3' 4'' 51 '6), all other will be pronounced in
thin tone.

The conditions in which the letter is pronounced in thick tone:

a) When carries Zabar or Paysh

b) When carries double Zabar or double Paysh

c) When carries Vertical Zabar

d) When letter before Skin carries Zabar or Paysh

e) When there is Temporary Zayr before Skin

f) When there is Zayr before Skin in the preceding word

g) When any letter belonging to the Letters of Mustaliya is present after Skin
in the same word

The conditions in which the letter is pronounced in thin tone:

a) When there is Zayr or double Zayr under

b) When there is Al Zayr (Original Zayr) before Skin in the same word

c) When there is Skina before Skin

Temporary arakat: In the Holy Quran, there are some words that begin with the
letter carrying no arakat, so whichever arakat one will apply to such during
its pronunciation will be temporary e.g. in the word
the Zayr is Temporary.

Note: Skin will be pronounced in thick tone when, in the same word, the letter
preceding it carries Al Zayr and the letter succeeding it is from amongst the Mustaliya
letters e.g. .

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Madani Qaidah

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Madani Qaidah

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Lesson Number 17: Maddt

The meaning of Madd is to stretch and elongate. There are two causes for Madd:
(1) amza
(2) Sukn
.

There are 6 types of Madd: (1) Madd Muttail, (2) Madd Munfail, (3) Madd Lzim,
(4) Madd Ln-Lzim, (5) Madd ri (6) Madd Ln-ri
1. Madd Muttail: If amza is present after a letter of Madda in the same word,
then it will be Madd Muttail (adjacent) e.g.
2. Madd Munfail: If amza is present after a letter of Madda in the next word,
then it will be Madd Munfail (distant) e.g.

. Whilst pronouncing Madd

Muttail and Madd Munfail, elongate the tone up to 2, 2 or 4 .

3. Madd Lzim: If a Sukn Al

is present after a letter of Madda, then

it will be Madd Lzim e.g.

4. Madd Ln-Lzim: If a Sukn Al
be Madd Ln-Lzim e.g.

, is present after a letter of Ln, then it will

. Whilst pronouncing Madd Lzim and Madd Ln-

Lzim, elongate up to 3, 4 or 5 .
5. Madd ri: If a temporary Sukn [i.e. a letter becomes Skin by virtue of Waqf
(pause)] is found after a letter of Madda, then it will be Madd ri e.g.

37

Madani Qaidah

6. Madd Ln-ri: If a temporary Sukn [i.e. a letter becomes Skin by virtue

of Waqf (pause)] is found after a letter of Ln, then it will be Madd Ln-ri
e.g.

Whilst pronouncing Madd ri and Madd Ln-ri, elongate up to 3 .

Spell out the Maddt as follows:

!
Zabar

, Zabar

! Zayr

, double Zabar !

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Madani Qaidah

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Lesson Number 18: Muqattat Letters

Muqaat Letters are found at the beginning of some of the Sras (chapters) of the
Holy Quran.

Pronounce these letters individually such that Maddt are elongated properly and
also do nasalization (Ghunna) when Ikhf and Idghm incur.

: (1) Wal (Joining) p and (2) Waqf

There are 2 ways to recite p

(Pausing) p
.

39

Madani Qaidah

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Lesson Number 19: Zid =<. /+ ( )

At some locations in the Holy Quran, there is a symbol of circle o upon the ,

this type of is called a Zid (additional) , one should not pronounce it.

At every place

At every place

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Madani Qaidah

In the six words mentioned below, do not pronounce the carrying the sign o
in case of Wal (continuing without pause) but do pronounce it when making Waqf
(Pause).

At every place

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Lesson Number 20

Miscellaneous Rules
C

Ir-e-Mulaq: In the following four words, a Yarmaln letter is present after

Skin in the same word. Idghm will not be done in these cases, instead Ir-e-Mulaq
will be done. Hence do not make Ghunna (nasalization) in these four words.

Sakta: To stop the sound and then to continue reading ahead holding the breath is
called Sakta i.e. the sound should stop whilst holding the breath. Sakta is Wjib
(essential) in the following four cases. The rule of Sakta is that the Mutaarrik be
read as Skin and double Zabar be changed to and read accordingly.

41

Madani Qaidah

! In the Holy Quran, there are four words which contain the letter , but a

thin is also written upon ,

these words are pronounced as: In (1) and (2) only

pronounce , in (3) it is permissible to either pronounce or and in (4) only

pronounce .

Tasl: The meaning of Tasl is to make soft i.e. pronounce the second amza
with a soft tone. In the Holy Quran there is only one word where Tasl is Wjib.

Imla: To incline the sound of Zabar towards Zayr and the sound of towards
is called Imla. The of Imla is pronounced instead of .

Spell out Imla as follows: Zabar , of Imla ! , Zabar

! .

C ! In this part of Quranic verse, neither pronounce the present

before nor the present after it, instead pronounce with Zayr.

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Madani Qaidah

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Lesson Number 21

Waqf [Pause]
C

Waqf: The meaning of Waqf is to Pause and Stop i.e. at whichever phrase Waqf is to
be done, end the voice and the breath on the last letter of that phrase.

If Zabar, Zayr, Paysh, double Zayr or double Paysh, vertical Zayr or inverted Paysh is
present on the last letter of the phrase, then make that (last) letter Skin when
making Waqf.

If double Zabar is present on the last letter of the phrase, then pronounce it as
when making Waqf.

If the last letter of the word is rounded i.e. , then no matter which arakat or
Tanwn it carries, pronounce it as when making Waqf.

When making Waqf, vertical Zabar, the Letters of Madda and Skin Letters are not
changed.

In case of Waqf on a Mushaddad letter, the Tashdd will be maintained but the
arakat will not be made apparent.

43

Madani Qaidah

C #
( % '& Qun ! When amza Wal is present after Tanwn, the amza Wal is

dropped in case of Wal (without pausing) and the Skin of Tanwn is given
Zayr and a small is usually shown with it, this is called #%'& Qun.

Signs of Waqf (Pause): Some of the signs of Waqf are described below:
a) O ! This is the sign of Waqf Tm and indicates the completion of Quranic verse,
one ought to make pause at it.
b)

! This is the sign of Waqf Lzim, one must make pause at it.

c)

! This is the sign of Waqf Mulaq, it is better to make pause at it.

! This is the sign of Waqf Jiz, it is better to make pause at it but it is also

d)

permissible to continue.
e)

! This is the sign of Waqf Mujawwaz, it is permissible to make pause at it but it

is better to avoid pause at it.

f)
g)

! This is the sign of Waqf Murakhkha, one should not make pause at it.
! If the sign is present above the sign of verse i.e. , there is difference in
opinion about whether to make pause or not. If is present without the sign
verse, then do not make pause.

Ida (Repetition): After making Waqf, to repeat from preceding verse without pause
is called Ida.

44

Madani Qaidah

45

Madani Qaidah

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Lesson Number 22: Salah

C

Read this lesson both ways i.e. Rawn (without syllabification) as well with ijjay
(with syllabification).

In this lesson, carefully apply all the rules described in the previous lessons; differentiate
clearly between the letters that are Qarb-u-aut i.e. the letters that sound somewhat
similar.

Remember! If the meaning became corrupt because of not differentiating such letters,
the al will not be valid.

Takbr-e-Tarma

an

Taawwu

Tasmiya

'.
'. .

O+ $@P+ UV* H+ &PUV* R+ ST* O+ < + Q

46

Madani Qaidah

Sra Al-Ftia

' . ' . " ' '

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.
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'

'

.
.

#b5c dC_+* \`aY H+ _#)*

+ /+ D \] Y L+ MP+ UV* H+ &PUV* \[ Y 34&+ /5)* 0+ 1 R+ S+T #&WX*
+ 9+ 7_ ^
' ' ' ' ' ' '. ' '
' '. '
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'

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" 45+ e' < ' f dC

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t q+r@/s p&5c* H_n+ )* j*ko+ \m Y LMi+ e<&)* j*kl)*
C
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( {|\ ) Y 34+) yw)* :z 2 q+r@/s 0
+ 7wx&)* u+ 4v

Sra Al-Ikhl

'.
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O+ $@P+ UV* H+ &PUV* R+ ST* O+ < + Q

'. " . '

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H" ' _ O ' ) 2' \a Y # ' )7 " _ O ' ) 2' # +/$' _ O ' ) \ ]Y #" &' 8)*
RST* \ [Y #P* RST* 7h ~$}
' ' " " '.
\g{ Y #P* *7
Tasb-e-Ruk

Tasm

Tamd

Tasb-e-Sajda

U
47

Madani Qaidah

Tashaud

U U
N

\`Y

Durd-e-Ibrm

U U
U U

U U

\Y
\Y
U U

Du-e-Mra

' '. ' " ' .

*)'C'.E1' \gY + y?' " ~ b'. i' $' 2' C' '.E 1' '._ 1. F" H D 2' 6 8
) ( LMi+ D + /5N* 0+ 1
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"
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*\{g[Y 0C<W+ X* 97i$_ 97_ 34+ + &/+) 2 #+)* 7+) 2 + +v
)(Part 13, Sra Ibrm, verse 40-41

Salm
48

Madani Qaidah

Du-e-Qunt

U
N U

\Y

U

d
". ' " ' ' ' ' ' . '.
'
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.

*K. + b+ )* /s 8$_ ,e$+ /$D 2 RST* +

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\mY C&$@/+ $<$ *7&$/$

+ A2 ,+ @$/$? * *7$D* n$
_+ ) * C$_ C$

6 9
c C

6

6

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Question: How many Mufridt letters are there? (Lesson 1)
Answer: There are 29 Mufridt letters.
Question: How many Mustaliya letters are there? Mention these letters. (Lesson 1)
Answer: There are 7 Mustaliya letters and these are: , , , , , , .
Question: How are the Mustaliya letters pronounced and what is their combined form?
(Lesson 1)
Answer: Mustaliya letters are always pronounced with a thicker voice and the combined

.
form is

Question: What is meant by the term arakt? (Lesson 3)
Answer: Zabar

, Zayr

and Paysh

are called arakt.

Question: How arakt are pronounced? (Lesson 3)

Answer: arakt will be pronounced in the Arabic accent without stretching or jerking
the voice.
Question: What is Tanwn? (Lesson 5)
Answer: Double Zabar
, double Zayr
and double Paysh
is called Tanwn. In
fact Tanwn is a Nn Skin that lies at the end of the phrase, that is why Tanwn sounds
like Nn Skin.
50

Madani Qaidah

Question: How many Madda letters are there? Mention them. (Lesson 7)
Answer: Madda letters are 3 in number and these are: , ,
Question: How it becomes Madda, Madda and Madda? (Lesson 7)
Answer: When there is Zabar before , it becomes Madda. When there is Paysh

before Skin, it becomes Madda. When there is Zayr before Skin, it becomes

Madda.

Question: How the Madda letters are pronounced? (Lesson 7)

Answer: The letters of Madda are pronounced by elongating them up to one i.e.
up to two arakt.
Question: What is meant by Ka [Vertical] arakt? (Lesson 8)
Answer: Vertical Zabar
[vertical] arakt.

, vertical Zayr

and inverted Paysh

are called Ka

Question: How the vertical arakt are pronounced? (Lesson 8)

Answer: Vertical arakt are pronounced by elongating them up to one i.e. up to two
arakt, like that in the case of the letters of Madda.
Question: How many Ln letters are there? Mention them. (Lesson 9)
Answer: There are two letters of Ln: and .
Question: How the letters of Ln are pronounced? (Lesson 9)
Answer: The letters of Ln are pronounced gently in Arabic accent without any elongation.

51

Questions and Answers

Question: How will and become Ln and Ln respectively? (Lesson 9)

Answer: When there is Zabar before Skin, it becomes Ln. When there is Zabar

before Skin, it becomes Ln.

Question: What is the meaning of Qalqala? (Lesson 11)

Answer: The meaning of Qalqala is movement, there should be somewhat movement at
the Makhrij (articulator) when pronouncing these letters such that the sound rebounds.
Question: How many Letters of Qalqala are there, which are these and what is their
combined form? (Lesson 11)
Answer: There are five Letters of Qalqala , , , , , their combination is
.
Question: When will Qalqala be made more prominent in the Letters of Qalqala?
(Lesson 11)
Answer: When the Letters of Qalqala are Skin, Qalqala should be more prominent.
Question: How to pronounce the letter of Qalqala when it is Mushaddad? (Lesson 11)
Answer: When the letter of Qalqala is Mushaddad, it is pronounced with stress.
Question: How to pronounce amza Skina ( , ( ?) Lesson 11)
Answer: amza Skina ( , ) is always pronounced with jerk.
Question: How many cases are there regarding Skin and Tanwn and what are these?
(Lesson 12)
Answer: There are four cases regarding Skin and Tanwn: (1) )*( ,+ -.( / (Ir)
(2) 2* 0+ 1 /. (Ikhf) (3) 3* 4+ 5 /. (Idghm) (4) 6
7+ 8 /. (Iqlb).

52

Madani Qaidah

Question: Describe the case of Ir. (Lesson 12)

Answer: If any of the alqiyya letters is present after Skin or Tanwn, then
Ir will be made i.e. nasalization (Ghunna) will not be done whilst pronouncing such
Skin and Tanwn.
Question: How many alqiyya letters are there and what are these? (Lesson 12)
Answer: alqiyya letters are six in number and they are: , , , , and .
Question: Describe the case of Ikhf? (Lesson 12)
Answer: If any of the Ikhf letter is present after Skin or Tanwn, then Ikhf will be

made i.e. nasalization (Ghunna) will be done whilst pronouncing such Skin and
Tanwn.
Question: How many Ikhf letters are there and what are these? (Lesson 12)

Answer: The Ikhf letters are 15 in number and these are: , , , , , , , , , ,

, , , , .
Question: What is Tashdd and what is the term for a letter carrying the sign of Tashdd?
(Lesson 13)
Answer: The w-shaped diacritic
called Mushaddad.

is called Tashdd. A letter carrying Tashdd sign is

Question: How to pronounce Mushaddad and Mushaddad? (Lesson 13)

Answer: The Mushaddad and the Mushaddad will always be pronounced with
Ghunna (nasalization).
Question: What is Ghunna and what is its duration? (Lesson 13)

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Questions and Answers

Answer: Ghunna means to pronounce with nasalization (taking the sound into the nose)
and its duration is equivalent to one .
Question: How to pronounce a Mushaddad letter? (Lesson 13)
Answer: The Mushaddad letter is pronounced twice; first by combining it with the
preceding Mutaarrik letter and then by its own arakat with a slight pause.
Question: Describe the rule regarding Idghm. (Lesson 14)
Answer: Idghm will be done when any letter of Yarmaln is present after Skin or
Tanwn. In case of and Idghm will be done without Ghunna and in case of
remaining 4 letters, Idghm will be done with Ghunna.
Question: How many Letters of Yarmaln are there and what are these? (Lesson 14)
Answer: The Letters of Yarmaln are six in number and these are: , , , , and .
Question: Describe the rule regarding Iqlb. (Lesson 14)
Answer: If the letter is present after Skin or Tanwn, then do Iqlb i.e. change the

Skin or Tanwn into and do Ikhf i.e. pronounce with nasalization.

Question: How many cases are there for Skin and what are these? (Lesson 15)
Answer: There are three cases of Skin: (1) Idghm-e-Shafaw (2) Ikhf-e-Shafaw
(3) Ir-e-Shafaw (1) Idghm-e-Shafaw (2) Ikhf-e-Shafaw (3) Ir-e-Shafaw.
Question: Describe the rule regarding Idghm-e-Shafaw. (Lesson 15)
Answer: When another is present after Skin, Idghm-e-Shafaw is done within

the Skin i.e. Ghunna is done.

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Madani Qaidah

Question: Describe the rule regarding Ikhf-e-Shafaw. (Lesson 15)

Answer: If is present after Skin, Ikhf-e-Shafaw is done within the Skin
i.e. Ghunna is done.
Question: Describe the rule regarding Ir-e-Shafaw. (Lesson 15)
Answer: If any letter other than or is present after Skin, Ir-e-Shafaw is

done within the Skin i.e. Ghunna is not done.

Question: What is meant by Tafkhm and Tarqq? (Lesson 16)

Answer: The meaning of Tafkhm is to pronounce the letter in thick tone and that of
Tarqq is to pronounce the letter in thin tone.
Question: When to pronounce the of the Ism-e-Jallat p( 2'1 3' 4'' 51 '6) in thick tone and
when to pronounce it in thin tone? (Lesson 16)
Answer: If the letter before the of the Ism-e-Jallat p( 2'1 3' 4'' 51 '6) carries Zabar or

Paysh, then the of the Ism-e-Jallat p( 2'1 3' 4'' 51 '6) will be pronounced in thick tone and

if the letter before the of the Ism-e-Jallat p( 2'1 3' 4'' 51 '6) carries Zayr, then the of the
Ism-e-Jallat p( 2'1 3' 4'' 51 '6) will be pronounced in thin tone.

Question: Under what condition, is pronounced in thick tone and when would it be
pronounced in thin tone? (Lesson 16)
Answer: will be pronounced in thick tone if it is preceded by a letter that is pronounced
in thick tone and it will be pronounced in thin tone when preceded by a letter that is
pronounced in thin tone.

55

Questions and Answers

Question: Indicate the conditions under which will be pronounced in thick tone.
(Lesson 16)
Answer: Under following conditions will be pronounced in thick tone:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)

When carries Zabar or Paysh

When carries double Zabar or double Paysh

When carries Vertical Zabar

When letter before Skin carries Zabar or Paysh

When there is Temporary Zayr before Skin

When there is Zayr before Skin in the preceding word

When any letter belonging to the Letters of Mustaliya is present after Skin
in the same word.

Question: Indicate the conditions under which will be pronounced in thin tone.
(Lesson 16)
Answer: Under following conditions will be pronounced in thin tone:
a)
b)
c)

When there is Zayr or double Zayr under

When there is Al Zayr (Original Zayr) before Skin in the same word
When there is Skina before Skin

Question: What is an ri (temporary) Zayr? (Lesson 16)

Answer: In the Holy Quran, there are some words that begin with the letter carrying

no arakat, so whichever arakat one will apply to such during its pronunciation will
be temporary e.g. in the word
the Zayr is Temporary.

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Madani Qaidah

Question: What is the meaning of Madd? What are the causes of Madd? (Lesson 17)
Answer: The meaning of Madd is to stretch and elongate. There are two causes for Madd:
(1) amza
(2) Sukn
.
Question: How many types of Madd are there and what are these? (Lesson 17)
Answer: There are 6 types of Madd: (1) Madd Muttail, (2) Madd Munfail, (3) Madd
Lzim, (4) Madd Ln-Lzim, (5) Madd ri (6) Madd Ln-ri
Question: Describe the case of Madd Muttail. (Lesson 17)
Answer: If amza is present after a letter of Madda in the same word, then it will be
Madd Muttail (adjacent).
Question: Describe the case of Madd Munfail. (Lesson 17)
Answer: If amza is present after a letter of Madda in the next word, then it will be
Madd Munfail (distant).
Question: How much Madd Muttail and Madd Munfail need to be elongated? (Lesson 17)
Answer: Whilst pronouncing Madd Muttail and Madd Munfail, elongate the tone up
to 2, 2 or 4 .
Question: Describe the case of Madd Lzim. (Lesson 17)
Answer: If a Sukn Al
Madd Lzim.

is present after a letter of Madda, then it will be

Question: Describe the case of Madd Ln-Lzim. (Lesson 17)

Answer: If a Sukn Al

, is present after a letter of Ln, then it will be Madd Ln-Lzim.

57

Questions and Answers

Question: How much Madd Lzim and the Madd Ln-Lzim need to be elongated?
(Lesson 17)
Answer: Whilst pronouncing Madd Lzim and Madd Ln-Lzim, elongate up to 3, 4 or 5 .
Question: Describe the case of Madd ri. (Lesson 17)
Answer: If a temporary Sukn [i.e. a letter becomes Skin by virtue of Waqf (pause)] is
found after a letter of Madda, then it will be Madd ri.
Question: Describe the case of Madd Ln ri. (Lesson 17)
Answer: If a temporary Sukn [i.e. a letter becomes Skin by virtue of Waqf (pause)] is
found after a letter of Ln, then it will be Madd Ln-ri.
Question: How much Madd ri and Madd Ln ri need to be elongated? (Lesson 17)
Answer: Whilst pronouncing Madd ri and Madd Ln-ri, elongate up to 3 .
Question: What is a Zid (additional) , and how is it pronounced? (Lesson 19)
Answer: At some locations in the Holy Quran, there is a symbol of circle o upon the ,

this type of is called a Zid (additional) , one should not pronounce it.

Question: Which rule will apply in the Skin present in the following words:

,
,
,
( Lesson 20)

Answer: In the above four words, a Yarmaln letter is present after Skin in the same
word. Idghm will not be done in these words, instead Ir Mulaq will be done. Hence
do not make Ghunna (nasalization) in above four words.
Question: What is Sakta? (Lesson 20)

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Madani Qaidah

Answer: To stop the sound and then to continue reading ahead holding the breath is
called Sakta i.e. the sound should stop whilst holding the breath.
Question: What is the meaning of Tasl? (Lesson 20)
Answer: The meaning of Tasl is to make soft i.e. pronounce the second amza with a
soft tone.
Question: What is Imla? (Lesson 20)
Answer: To incline the sound of Zabar towards Zayr and the sound of towards
is called Imla.
Question: How is the of Imla pronounced? (Lesson 20)
Answer: The of Imla is pronounced instead of .
Question: What is meant by Waqf? (Lesson 21)
Answer: The meaning of Waqf is to pause or stop.
Question: How to deal with if there is a Zabar, Zayr, Paysh, or even double Zayr or double
Paysh on the last letter of the phrase in case of Waqf? (Lesson 21)
Answer: If Zabar, Zayr, Paysh, double Zayr or double Paysh is present on the last letter of
the phrase, then make that (last) letter Skin when making Waqf.
Question: If there is Tanwn of double Zabar on the last letter of a phrase, then how to
deal with it in case of Waqf? (Lesson 21)
Answer: If double Zabar is present on the last letter of the phrase, then pronounce it
as when making Waqf.

59

Questions and Answers

Question: If there is rounded i.e. in case of Waqf, how to deal with it? (Lesson 21)
Answer: If the last letter of the word is rounded i.e. , then no matter which arakat or
Tanwn it carries, pronounce it as when making Waqf.
Question: What is Qun? (Lesson 21)
Answer: When amza Wal is present after Tanwn, the amza Wal is dropped in
case of Wal (without pausing) and the Skin of Tanwn is given Zayr and a small

is usually shown with it, this is called Qun.

Question: Which type of Waqf is expressed by the circular sign O and what should be
done at this sign? (Lesson 21)
Answer: This is the sign of Waqf Tm and indicates the completion of Quranic verse, one
ought to make pause at it.
Question: Which type of Waqf is denoted by and what is the rule regarding it? (Lesson 21)
Answer: This is the sign of Waqf Lzim, one must make pause at it.
Question: Which type of Waqf is denoted by and what is the rule regarding it?
(Lesson 21)
Answer: This is the sign of Waqf Mulaq, it is better to make pause at it.
Question: Which type of Waqf is denoted by and what is the rule regarding it?
(Lesson 21)
Answer: This is the sign of Waqf Jiz, it is better to make pause at it but it is also permissible
to continue.
Question: Which type of Waqf is denoted by and what is the rule regarding it? (Lesson 21)

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Madani Qaidah

Answer: This is the sign of Waqf Mujawwaz, it is permissible to make pause at it but it is
better to avoid pause at it.
Question: Which type of Waqf is denoted by and what is the rule regarding it?
(Lesson 21)
Answer: This is the sign of Waqf Murakhkha, one should not make pause at it.
Question: Explain the rules of Waqf regarding the sign. (Lesson 21)
Answer: If the sign
is present above the sign of verse i.e. , there is difference in
opinion about whether to make pause or not. If is present without the sign verse, then
do not make pause.
Question: What is Ida? (Lesson 21)
Answer: After making Waqf, to repeat from preceding verse without pause is called
Ida (Repetition).
Question: Which Wafa (Invocation) should be invoked to become pious and steadfast
upon the Sunna?
Answer: To become pious and steadfast upon Sunna, keep invoking
all the time.
Question: What are the 5 stages of knowledge?
Answer: (1) To observe silence (2) To listen with attention (3) To remember what was
heard (4) To abide by what was learnt (5) To pass on the acquired knowledge.
Question: What is the Wafa to strengthen memory?
Answer: Invoke
U 21 times (recite alt-Alan-Nab once before and after the
invocation), blow on water and drink it or make it drink to others before breakfast for 40
days, the memory (of the one who drinks this water) will be strengthened 2'1 3' 4'' 51 6' !"#$"%&'()*+' .- /&.

61

Questions and Answers

Question: Which Du (Supplication) should one invoke for memorizing the lessons?
Answer: Recite following Du with alt-Alan-Nab before and after it:

6 9

C E
Question: How many Far (obligatory) acts are there in Wu and what are these?
Answer: There are four Far acts in Wu and these are: (1) Washing the whole face
(2) Washing both arms including the elbows (3) Moistening a quarter of the head
(4) Washing both feet including the ankles.
Question: How many Far acts are there in Ghusl and what are these?
Answer: There are three Far acts in Ghusl and these are: (1) Rinsing the mouth
(2) Sniffing water inside the nose (3) Ablution of the whole apparent body.
Question: How many Far acts are there in Tayammum and what are these?
Answer: There are three Far acts in Tayammum and these are: (1) Intention (2) Wiping
hands on the entire face (3) Wiping both arms including the elbows.
Question: How many Pre-Conditions of al are there and what are these?
Answer: There are six Conditions of al and these are: (1) ara (Purity) (2) Satr-eAwrat (veiling) (3) Facing towards the Qibla direction (4) Waqt (Timings) (5) Niyya
(Intention) (6) Takbr-e-Tarma.
Question: How many Far acts are there in al and what are these?
Answer: There are seven Far acts of al and these are: (1) Takbr-e-Tarma (2)
Qiym (3) Qir`at (4) Ruk (5) Sujd (6) Qada Akhra (7) Khurj-e-Biuni.

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Madani Qaidah

TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Du for Reading the Book ....................................................................................................................................... iii
Transliteration Chart ................................................................................................................................................. iv
Translators Notes........................................................................................................................................................ v
First read this ............................................................................................................................................................... vi

MADANI QAIDAH
Lesson Number 1: urf Mufridt (Individual Letters)............................................................................ 1
Lesson Number 2: urf Murakkabt (Compound Letters) ................................................................... 2
Lesson Number 3: arakt .............................................................................................................................. 4
Lesson Number 4 .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Lesson Number 5: Tanwn .............................................................................................................................. 9
Lesson Number 6 ............................................................................................................................................ 11
Lesson Number 7: The Letters of Madda ................................................................................................ 12
Lesson Number 8: Ka [Vertical] arakt .............................................................................................. 14
Lesson Number 9: The Letters of Ln ......................................................................................................... 16
Lesson Number 10 .......................................................................................................................................... 18
Lesson Number 11: Sukn (Jazm)................................................................................................................ 20
Lesson Number 12: Nn Skin and Tanwn (Ir, Ikhf) ..................................................................... 24
Lesson Number 13: Tashdd ......................................................................................................................... 27
Lesson Number 14: Nn Skin and Tanwn (Idghm, Iqlb)................................................................. 31
Lesson Number 15: The Cases of Mm Skin............................................................................................ 33
Lesson Number 16: Tafkhm and Tarqq ................................................................................................... 34
Lesson Number 17: Maddt .......................................................................................................................... 37
Lesson Number 18: Muqattat Letters ...................................................................................................... 39
Lesson Number 19: Zid =.<+/ ( )..................................................................................................................... 40
Lesson Number 20: Miscellaneous Rules ................................................................................................... 41
Lesson Number 21: Waqf [Pause]................................................................................................................ 43
Lesson Number 22: Salah .............................................................................................................................. 46
Questions and Answers ................................................................................................................................. 50

63

Allah mujhay Hafiz-e-Quran bana day

From: Shaykh-e-arqat, Amr-e-Al-e-Sunnat, the founder of Dawat-e-Islami Allma
Mauln Abu Bilal Muhammad Ilyas Attar Qadiri Razavi !"'7"/%8"'9"-%&;": <": =: 8">' ?' "'@A"
- B&
' ' C.
Allah mujay fi-e-Quran ban day

Quran kay akm pay b muj ko chal day

o jye sabaq yd mujay jald Il

Y Rab! T mayr fia mazb ban day

Sust o mayr dr un jald sawayray

T Madrasay mayn dil mayr Allah lag day

o Madrasay k muj say na nuqn kab b

Allah yan kay mujay db sik day

Cu na karn bl kay b Madrasay k mayn

Awqt k b muj ko pband ban day

Ustd aun maujd y bar kan marf

dat T mayr shor machnay k mi day

Khalat o sharrat k mayr dr Il

Sanjda ban day mujay sanjda ban day

Ustd k kert ran er dam mayn iat

M bp k izzat k b taufq Khud day

Kapay mayn rakn f T dil ko mayray ker f

q k Madna mayray snay ko ban day

Filmon say armon say day nafrat T Il

Bas shauq amayn Naat-o-Tilwat k Khud day

Mayn st jamat kay pan sr namzayn

Allah ibdat mayn mayray dil ko lag day

Pat ran karat say Durd un pay sad mayn

Aur ikr k b shauq paey Ghau-o-Raz day

Sunnat kay mubiq mayn er aik km karn ksh

Y Rab! Mujay Sunnat k Muballigh b ban day

Mayn j n boln kab gl n nikln

er aik maraz say T gunaun say shif day

Mayn flt btaun say ran dr amaysha

Chup renay k Allah salqa T sik day

Akhlq aun achcay mayr kirdr o achc

Mabb k adaqa T mujay nayk ban day

Ustd aun m bp aun Ar b aun st

Yn Hajj ko chalayn aur Madna b dik day

64

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