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    Kubelka-Monk Equation (Hunterlab) PDF

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    Hameedullah Ansari
    For samples with opacities greater than 75%, The Kubelka-Monk equation defines a relationship between spectral reflectance (R in %) of the sample and its absorption (K) and scattering (S) characteristics. The equation is useful when formulating colors for industries such as textiles, paper, and coatings.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Kubelka-Monk Equation (Hunterlab) PDF

    Uploaded by

    Hameedullah Ansari
    253 views3 pages
    For samples with opacities greater than 75%, The Kubelka-Monk equation defines a relationship between spectral reflectance (R in %) of the sample and its absorption (K) and scattering (S) characteristics. The equation is useful when formulating colors for industries such as textiles, paper, and coatings.

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    For samples with opacities greater than 75%, The Kubelka-Monk equation defines a relationship between spectral reflectance (R in %) of the sample and its absorption (K) and scattering (S) characteristics. The equation is useful when formulating colors for industries such as textiles, paper, and coatings.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    253 views3 pages

    Kubelka-Monk Equation (Hunterlab) PDF

    Uploaded by

    Hameedullah Ansari
    For samples with opacities greater than 75%, The Kubelka-Monk equation defines a relationship between spectral reflectance (R in %) of the sample and its absorption (K) and scattering (S) characteristics. The equation is useful when formulating colors for industries such as textiles, paper, and coatings.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Insight on Color

    Vol. 18, No. 7

    The Kubelka-Monk Theory and K/S


    What happens to the light that is shined on a sample, as from the light source of a spectrophotometer?
    Some is reflected back to the instrument detector, some is absorbed by the colorants in the sample, and
    some of it is scattered in all directions within the sample.

    .
    For samples with opacities greater than 75%, the Kubelka-Monk equation (established in 1931) defines
    a relationship between spectral reflectance (R in %) of the sample and its absorption (K) and scattering
    (S) characteristics, as follows:

    K
    [1 - 0.01 R] .
    =
    S
    2[0.01R ]
    2

    For instance, if spectral reflectance at a given wavelength is 55%, its K/S at that wavelength is
    calculated as follows:

    Page 1

    Copyright 2008

    Applications Note

    Vol. 18, No. 7

    K [1 - 0.01 * 55]
    0.45 2
    =
    = 0.184.
    =
    S
    2[0.01 * 55]
    1.1
    2

    K/S values for the sample measured are calculated separately for each wavelength read. K/S may only
    be calculated for measurements made in a reflectance mode. K/S is a spectral data type, meaning it is
    calculated and displayed for each measurement wavelength in the Spectral Data Table of your
    EasyMatch QC or Universal software. K/S grows to infinity as reflectance decreases to zero, so the
    software may not display a K/S value for a particular wavelength or wavelengths if the reflectance is
    very low (i.e., less than 0.05%).
    The Kubelka-Monk equation is useful when formulating colors for industries such as textiles, paper, and
    coatings. For these applications, it is assumed that the scattering (S) of a dye or pigment depends on the
    properties of the substrate or opacifier, while the absorption (K) of light depends on the properties of the
    colorant. The Kubelka-Monk equation is roughly linear with respect to colorant concentration, as
    follows:
    K/S = kC
    where
    C = concentration of the colorant
    k = a constant.
    The Kubelka-Monk theory further extends to mixtures of colorants and asserts that the K/S value for a
    mixture of colorants is the sum of the K/S values of the individual colorants, as follows:
    (K/S)mixture = a(K/S)colorant 1 + b(K/S)colorant 2 + c(K/S)colorant 3 . . . + (K/S)base
    where
    a, b, c, etc. are the concentrations of the corresponding colorants.
    This assumption can be practically applied when the appearance of finished materials must be related to
    the kinds and amounts of colorants put into them. It is what makes computer color formulation and
    color matching (as opposed to visual trial-and-error methods) possible. K/S values for all the individual
    colorants are first determined and are then stored in the computer for use any time those colorants are
    included in a mixture.
    Bibliography

    Berns, Roy S., Billmeyer and Saltzmans Principles of Color Technology, New York: John Wiley &
    Sons, 2000.
    Hunter, Richard S. and Harold, Richard W., The Measurement of Appearance, New York: Wiley, 1987.
    Kubelka, P. and Monk, F., Z tech. Physik, 12, 593 (1931).

    Page 2

    Copyright 2008

    Applications Note

    Vol. 18, No. 7

    For Additional Information Contact:

    Technical Services Department


    Hunter Associates Laboratory, Inc.
    11491 Sunset Hills Road
    Reston, Virginia 20190
    Telephone: 703-471-6870
    FAX: 703-471-4237
    www.hunterlab.com

    03/08

    Page 3

    Copyright 2008

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