Unconventional Oil and Gas Potential

in Indonesia with Special Attention to Shale Gas and

Coal-bed Methane

Outline
1. Introduction
2. Geological Setting
3. Shale Hydrocarbon (Shale Gas & Oil
Shale)
4. Coal-bed Methane (CBM)
5. Closing Remarks

Introduction

Goverment of Indonesia (GOI) has identified 128 Sedimentary Basins.

Basin assessments will reveal the conventional and unconventional
hydrocarbon potential.

The National oil production declines up to 12% per year, therefore the GOI
expects to re-evaluate geosciences concept and prepare more
data and information in order to attract many investors to involve for nonconventional oil and gas exploration.

Distribution and occurrence of Pre-Tertiary to Tertiary shale hydrocarbon

and coal bearing formation in Indonesia sedimentary basins are
remarkably abundant. Most of them indicate to contain shale oil and gas
and coal-bed methane (CBM).

Resources Triangle (Holditch)

Conventional reservoirs : smaller volume,
easily developed economically at current
technological conditions.
Unconventional oil and gas reservoirs are
very abundant, but it is more difficult to
develop.
This requires to be able to be accessed
easily, technological improvements,
appropriate price and motivation to
develop economically

Current estimated of potential unconventional gas reserves (tight sand,

CBM and shale) ranging from 1,500 TCF to 2,500 TCF are likely to
underestimate the true resources base (Source: Wood Machenzie
Unconventional Hydrocarbon The Hidden Opportunity)

The role of Geological Agency in

Unconventional Gas Development
Shale Gas and CBM Survey
Data and Information services of Shale Gas
and CBM

GEOLOGICAL SETTING

Geological Map of Indonesia

Geological Agency, 1996

Sedimentary Basin Map of Indonesia

Tertiary Basins

Pre-Tertiary - Tertiary Basins

Pre-Tertiary Basins

Geological Agency, 2009

SHALE GAS & OIL SHALE RESOURCES

SHALE GAS RESOURCES OF MAIN SEDIMENTARY BASINS OF

INDONESIA

Total Speculative Resources of Shale

gas in Indonesia = 574.07 Tcf

Geological Agency, 2011

Map of Distribution and Potential of Shale Oil and Gas Bearing Formation of Indonesia

Oil and Gas Potency

Quaternary
Neogene
Paleogene

Geological Agency, 2011

Oil Shale Speculative Resources in Indonesia

Indonesia oil shale resources up to 2007 amounts

to 11.24 million tons, 10.09 million tons with the
details of the speculative resources and 1.15 million
tones inferred resource.

Geological Agency, 2007

SHALE DISTRIBUTION

Sumatra Backarc Basins Tectono-Stratigraphic Scheme

Sungai Namaran, Tebingtinggi

Bukitsusah, Riau

Kota Buluh, North Sumatra

BarberBarber
et al, 2005
; Geological
Agency,
et al, 2005
; Geological
Agency,2010
2010

Intramontane Basins in Sumatra

Microphotograph
of organic matter

Ombilin

Barber et al, 2005 ; Geological Agency, 2010

Pre-Tertiary Shale Hydrocarbon in Sumatra

Shale of Mengkarang Formation (Jambi)

Shale of Peneta Fm
(Jambi)

Shale of Rawas Formation (Jambi)

Shale of Menanga Fm
(Lampung)

Geological Agency, 2000

Stratigraphy of North West and East Java Basin

Indonesia Basins Summaries, 2006

Stratigraphy of Melawi, Barito, Kutei and Tarakan Basins, East Kalimantan

Geological Agency, 1993; Indonesia basins Summaries, 2006

Stratigraphic Correlation of Eastern Indonesia

PAPUA

Piniya Mudstone

Aiduna Fm (Permian)

Geological Agency, 2011

Important elements in shale gas play

SHALE HYDROCARBON ASSESMENT WORK FLOW

Pematang Fm. samples lab analysis

Pekanbaru
Bangkinang

a
Bukittinggi Payakumbuh

Batusangkar

Rengat
Teluk Kuantan

Sawahlunto

Padang
Pulaupunjung

Lokasi Penelitian

22

Lithofacies
1

9
A

G H

9
B

G H

Petrography view shows a textural of shale, mostly composed of detrital

clays such as quartz, calcite (pink color), siderite, dolomite and pyrite mixed
with clay mineral. Shale is characterized by massif clay. Framework grain
components include of quartz, sedimentary rock fragment, and the grains
are commonly floating on detrital clays.
Diagenetic event consist of replacement of the unstable grain and organic
material mostly to siderite, and calcite. Visual porosity is very low.

L M

CLASSIFICATION: CALCAREOUS CLAYSTONE

L M

1 mm

CLASSIFICATION: SILTY CLAYSTONE

Petrography view shows a textural of shale, mostly composed of detrital

clays such as quartz, siderite and feldspar mixed with clay mineral. Shale is
characterized by laminated clay. Framework grain components include of
quartz, sedimentary rock fragment, and the grains are commonly floating
on detrital clays.
Diagenetic event consist of replacement of the unstable grain and organic
material mostly to siderite, and calcite. Visual porosity is moderately as
dissolution and fracture.

Determinasi komposisi batuan

Dua metode yang umum dilakukan dalam analisa mineral shale :

X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS

CARBONATE
MINERALS (%)

BI
(%)

TOTAL (%)

- XRD (X-Ray Diffraction)

CALCITE

DOLOMITE

SIDERITE

QUARTZ

K - FELDSFAR

PLAGIOCLASE

PYRITE

CLAY

CARBONATE

OTHER

- FTIR (Infra-red Spectometry)

CHLORITE

OTHER MINERALS (%)

KAOLINITE

CLAY MINERALS (%)

ILLITE

Sampl
e ID

SMECTITE

No

11

23

25

35

34

31

35

45

22

40

21

27

48

25

22

16

40

30

21

44

35

31

15

52

20

20

56

24

21

Di mana:

26

20

10

36

34

30

36

38

BI = Brittleness Index

10

48

30

14

52

34

31

Q = kuarsa

66

18

70

21

18

Cl = mineral lempung

12

41

30

18

46

36

35

17

41

52

45

32
43

Dol = Dolomit

I
J

12

50

28

17

55

28

28

12

50

30

18

52

30

31

43

35

12

49

39

38

60

23

10

64

26

24

95

95

12

12

10

53

18

27

55

63

97

97

16

17

50

24

23

53

60

< 30% = poor

10

60

10

14

68

18

11

30 50% = moderate

12

52

20

17

58

25

27

> 50% =good

Mineral yang mempengaruhi pada brittleness

BI = (Q+ Dol) / (Q + Dol +Lm + Cl + TOC)

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Lm = Batugamping (Kalsit)
TOC = Total Organic Carbon)

12
13
14

Mineral lainnya yang mempengaruhi secara minor antara lain:

(fosfat, pirit, organisme (kalsit, silika, kerang, dll)

15

(Wang dan Gale, 2009)

16

Brittleness:

17
18
19

Porosity and Permeability

Sample no

PERMIABILITY
mD

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S

1.27
0.04
0.01
0.1
0.1
0.13
0.09
7.65
0.08
0.73
0.08
0.08
0.14
0.1
0.08
0.36
0.09
0.09
0.06

POROSITY
(%)
13.02
5.8
5.04
8.36
9.52
8.86
8.41
10.71
8.15
8.08
8.72
7.88
7.79
7.4
7.32
6.61
5.32
5.88
4.76

Grain Dens
(g/cc)
2.506
2.424
2.459
2.393
2.427
2.386
2.376
2.405
2.422
2.369
2.465
2.372
2.417
2.37
2.392
2.454
2.405
2.369
2.412

SEM for Pore type & Networks

SEM for Pore type & Networks

Porous Floccules

Organo-porosity

Microfractures

Intraparticle grains/ pores

Geochemistry
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

Geochemical screening results from the samples characterized by very good to excellent organic richness (2.00 to 6.23 wt.%).
Rock-Eval pyrolysis data reveal high to very high Hydrogen Indices (318-937) suggesting the presence of mainly oil-prone kerogen (Type I and II)
with minor gas-prone kerogen.
These samples are considered to have mostly excellent hydrocarbon generative capacity based on excellent pyrolysis potential yields (S1+S2 8.17 to
58.30 mgHC/gm rock).
Vitrinite reflectance results reveal that most of the samples are immature. Only one sample shows early mature.
Kerogen typing analysis data for all the samples indicate the presence of predominantly oil-prone kerogen (Type I) comprising minor nonfluorescent amorphous debris (5-30% NFA) except three samples with NFA more than 48% (48-51%) are Type I/II.
All the samples were submitted for spore colouration (TAS) analysis. The maturity results show a good agreement with the vitrinite reflectivity data.
Thermal Alteration Scale results indicate consistent values of TAS 3 throughout the all samples. This confirms that the claystone are immature.
Biomarkers present in these extracts have been analysed by computerised Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry performed on saturate
fraction. Liquid chromatographic separation results show a predominance of polar compounds (NSOs) plus asphaltene constitute a significant
proportion of the total extract yields (40 to 66%), saturates aromatic compounds (11-38%). Aromatics coumpunds are present in relatively
secondary levels (5-31%). Relatively low abundance of 18(H)-Oleanane compound, together with C30 resins for all extracts. It can be interpreted as
environment with very little terrigenous input.

Group 2

Group 1

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S

Group 3
2
1
2

1
1

3
1
1

2
5

Durio type
Meyeripollis naharkotensis

3
2
1
2
2
2
?

1
1

1
2

1
1
?

1
2
1

?
?

1
1
1

3
2

2
3
3

Florschuetzia trilobata
1

2
3
3
1

2
2

Vaccinium Type

1
3
3
2
1

1
1

4
1

3
1
? 3
14
2

1
1

2
1

1
5
4
1
3
11
4 2
1

1
3
4
2
1

5
4
4
22
1
1
1
1

1
1

1
1

1
1
3
1

3
1
2

Retitricolporites sp. (medium reticulate)

Palmaepollenites sp.
Shorea type
Lanagiopollis Sp,

1
2
2
1
1
1

1
5

2
3
6

2
1

1
1
1
2

1
1
2

Spinizonocolpites echinatus

1
1

1
1

1
3
2
3

3
1
4

1
1
1
1

1
1
1

1
1
4 3
1 4
15 6
2
1
2 2
2
2 3
1 1
1 1
2 2
2
4 7
16 3
4
1
1
13 9

Polypodiidites usmensis

1
1

1
2

2
1
1

1
2

5
2
2
1
1

2
2

1
1

5
4
3
1
4 2
1 1
1
15 2
1
1

2
2
1

Polypodiaceisporites sp.

2
2

Gr. 4 B
1
7

Marginipollis concinnus

Magnastriatites howardii

Pteris type

Polypodiidites megabalticus

Matonisporites sp.

Selaginella sp.

Leiotriletes spp. (medium reticulate)

1
9
2
1
1
1
1

Polypodiidites inangahuensis

Indeterminate spores

Deltoidesporites sp

P o l l e n

Leiotriletes spp. (psilate)

Laevigatosporites spp.

Cupanieidites

Austrobuxus

Podocarpidites type

Ilecpollenites

Polygala type

Echitriporites sp,

Campnosperma type

Pandanus type

Psilatricolporites sp.

Calophyllum type

Dicolpopollis malesianus

Tetracoporites sp.

Striatricolpites catatumbus

Retitricolpites sp.

Psilatricolporites sp

Psilatricolpites sp. (thin exine)

Retitricolporites sp. (fine reticulate)

Quillonipollenites sp.

Haloragacidites harrisii

Cupaniedites sp.

Indeterminate pollen

Proxaprtites spp.

Sapotaceae type

Retitricolpites

Pometia

O t h e r

Psilatricolpites sp. (thick exine)

Discoidites borneensis

Chenopodipollis sp.

Cricotriporites spp.

Back
mangrove Mangrove

Marginipollis concinnus

Botriococcus

Zonocostites ramonae

Spinizonocolpites echinatus

Acrostichum aureum type

Oncosperma type

? Florschuetzia trilobata

BARREN

GROUPS

SAMPLE CODE

Paleontologi
S p o r e s

1
2

1
1

AGE

2
2

INDETERMINATE

ENVIRONMENT

1
2

OLIGOCENE
Upper deltaic plain
(peat swamp) to lower
deltaic plain (back
mangrove

OLIGOCENE
Upper deltaic plain
(peat swamp) to lower
deltaic plain (back
mangrove

INDETERMINATE

OLIGOCENE

Upper deltaic plain

(peat swamp) to lower
deltaic plain (back
mangrove

INDETERMINATE
Indeterminate, oxidized

KEROGENE TYPES

AOM with fine black material

Flock AOM
AOM with fine black material
AOM with fine black material
Flock AOM
AOM with fine black material
AOM with fine black material
Flock AOM
AOM with fine black material
AOM with fine black material
Flock AOM
Flock AOM
AOM with fine black material
Flock AOM
AOM with fine black material
Flock AOM
AOM with fine black material
Flock AOM
Black Woody Material

Meyeripollis naharkotensis

29

WELL LOGS

Well Logs

Kalibrasi Data Batuan inti dan Data

Log Sumuran

Identifikasi Litofasies
Pada Data Log Sumuran

Korelasi Sekuen
Stratigrafi Antar Sumur

Interpretasi Lingkungan
Pengendapan

Analogi Untuk Pemodelan Fasies

pada Top Marker Parasekuen dari
Hasil Korelasi Antar Sumur

Bar
Estuarine

Channel
Lacustrine

Well Sequence Stratigraphic Correlation

Outcrop Models
1

: Upper Shorface
: Lower Shorface
: Offshore
: Estuary
: Fluvial
: Lacustrine

Penampakan struktur lembaran dari serpih Formasi Kelesa di

sungai Punti Kayu, Kawasan Kuburanpanjang, Bukit Susah,
Rengat, Riau (1 &2); Musi Rawas (3), dan
Kuantan Sengingi (4)

SEISMIC

SEISMIC
DATA

000

690000

692000

SEISMIC INTERPRETATION

694000

696000

698000

78000
76000

Log Sumuran

WELL-SEISMIC TIE

Picking Horizon

74000
72000
70000

Seismik

Interpretasi Struktur

68000

690000 688000

686000

1000

692000
690000
2000

3000

694000694000

692000

4000

5000m

696000
696000

PERMODELAN DARI HASIL INTEGRASI DATA

SEISMIK DAN LOG SUMURAN

Fault Modeling
and
Time to Depth Conversion

698000

698000

78000

78000

000

66000

Run RMS Attribute on Top

Pematang Fm.

Surface attribute

72000

76000
74000
72000

74000
70000

70000

76000

0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0

1:90000

68000

68000

66000

66000

686000

688000

690000

692000

694000

696000

RMS AMPLITUDE OF
PEMATANG FM
0

1000

2000

3000

1:90000

4000

5000m

698000

Surface attribute
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12

TOP PEMATANG FM.

DATA INTEGRATION FOR STRATIGRAPHIC

PROPERTY MODELLING

DATA INTEGRATION
INTERPRETASI SEISMIK
688000

686000

688000

690000

692000

694000

696000

694000

696000

698000

78000

686000

78000

INTERPRETASI WELL LOG KALIBRASI DENGAN DATA CORE

76000

76000

74000

74000

72000

72000

70000

70000

68000

68000

66000

66000

690000
0

1000

692000
2000

3000

4000

5000m

698000

Surface attribute
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0

1:90000

PERMODELAN PROPERTI
GEOLOGICAL PROGNOSIS

36

Working plan for shale gas investigation in

Central Sumatera Basin for 2013
Eocene to Oligocene vertically depositional
environment and kerogen type changes
Eocene to Oligocene sequence stratigraphy
Burial History
Paleogeography
G&G analysis to calculate GIP
37

SHALE HIDROCARBON POTENTIAL IN PAPUA

Tectonostratigraphic Correlation of Papua-Misool-Buru-Tanimbar

Korelasi stratigrafi, modifikasi dari Pigram & Panggabean (1984), Hasibuan (1991), Indonesia Basin Summaries (2006) dan Charlton (2010)

Geology of Papua (Ransiki Bintuni, Teluk Wondama

and Enarotali-Waghete-Moenamani-Mapia transect)
Shale hydrocarbon potential target are:
1. Tipuma Aiduna Sequence (Aiduna Fm.)
2. Kembelangan Sequence (Kopai Fm. & Piniya Fm.)

Shale Hydrocarbon Potential Target in Papua

Cretaceous Piniya Fm.

Jurassic Kopai Fm.

Permian Aiduna Fm.

41

Well Correlation Showing Shale Hydrocarbon Target at Papua

42

Regional Sequence Correlation (Papua)

Modified from Pertamina and Corelab (1993)

Geology of Tanimbar Islands

Shale hydrocarbon potential target:
1. Kembelangan Sequence (Bubuan Mud Fm.)

44

Geology of Misool
Islands
Shale hydrocarbon potential
target:
1. Kembelangan Sequence (Yefbi
Fm. & Lelinta Fm)

45

Regional Sequence Correlation (Misool)

NW

SE

Sekuen Pengendapan

?
Top Marker Formasi

: Top Kais (Upper Miocne)

: Top Waripi (Eocene)

: Top Jass (Upper Cretaceous)

: Top Tipuma (Triassic)

SW

NE

NW

SE

?
?
?

?
46

Geology of Buru Island

Shale hydrocarbon potential target:
1. Tipuma Aiduna Sequence (Dalan
Fm.)

47

Regional Sequence Correlation (Buru)

A

Sekuen Pengendapan

B
A
A B

South Papua Passive Seismic Tomography Acquisition 2013

49

General Survey Location Plan at South Papua

Tahun
Kegiatan
Passive Seismic Tomography
(PST)

2013

2014

2015

1 Lokasi, Papua
Selatan, Cekungan
Akimeugah

2 Lokasi, Papua
Selatan, Cekungan
Sahul dan
Akimeugah

2 Lokasi, Papua
Selatan, Cekungan
Akimeugah dan
Sahul
2 Lokasi, Papua
Selatan, Cekungan
Sahul dan
Akimeugah
2 Lokasi, Papua
Selatan, Cekungan
Sahul dan
Akimeugah
2 Lokasi, Papua
Selatan, Cekungan
Sahul dan
Akimeugah
2 Lokasi, Papua
Selatan, Cekungan
Sahul dan
Akimeugah

2D Seismic

1 Lokasi, Papua
Selatan, Cekungan
Akimeugah

Detail Gravity Mapping

1 Lokasi, Papua
Selatan, Cekungan
Akimeugah

Magnetoteluric Mapping

1 Lokasi, Papua
Selatan, Cekungan
Akimeugah

GMT (Geo-Microbial
Technology)

1 Lokasi, Papua
Selatan, Cekungan
Sahul

Drilling

1 Well, Papua
Selatan, Cekungan
Sahul

2016
2 Lokasi, Papua
Selatan, Cekungan
Arafuru dan Iwur
2 Lokasi, Papua
Selatan, Cekungan
Sahul dan Arafuru
2 Lokasi, Papua
Selatan, Cekungan
Iwur dan Sahul
2 Lokasi, Papua
Selatan, Cekungan
Iwur dan Sahul
2 Lokasi, Papua
Selatan, Cekungan
Akimeugah dan
Arafuru
2 Well, Papua
Selatan, Cekungan
Sahul dan
Akimeugah

SHALE HIDROCARBON RESEARCH PLAN

4
3

1,2,3,4,5

1. Sumatra
2. Papua
3. SulawesiMaluku
4. Kalimantan
5. Jawa

Proposed Areas For Shale Hydrocarbon Research

SHALE HYDROCARBON RESEARCH PLAN AND SCOPE OF WORK

PROPOSED IN INDONESIA (GEOLOGICAL AGENCY)
BASIC AREA SELECTED:
SELECTED SEDIMENTARY BASINS HAVING HIGH POTENTIAL OF SHALE HYDROCARBON
ADEQUATE INFRASTRUCTURE AREA
AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE REGIONAL AND NATIONAL ECONOMY
AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE UNCONVENTIONAL ENERGY RESOURCES

PRIORITY OF PROPOSED AREA

SUMATRA
PAPUA
SULAWESI MALUKU
KALIMANTAN
JAWA

SCOPE OF WORK
Preliminary Survey & Research - "In House" & field work and laboratory
Shale hydrocarbon Assessment (Detailed Geophysics and Geology: Seismic,
Gravity, Magnetic, Drilling, Laboratory; Modeling play)
Pilot Plan in Laboratory Scale (Risk, Amdal, Economic and Production)

COAL-BED METHANE

Program of CBM Survey

Completable
Coal
Thickness

Basin Studies, localized most prospective cbm

areas in each basin
Data Digitalization: South Sumatra 2007,
Kalimantan 2009

Direct Gas
Measurement/
Dessorpt Test

Desorption test (direct gas measured), most

prospective basins Barito, Kutai, South
Sumatera, and Ombilin Basins
Sorption isotherm (Storage gas capacity)

Sorption
Isotherm
Test

Human Resources Development

DATA ACQUISITION

Pengeboran CBM di Cekungan Ombilin oleh Badan Geologi ( 2009)

DATA ACQUISITION

Coal sampling for desorbtion gas

analysis

DATA ACQUISITION

Desorbtion and composition gas

measured

CBM RESOURCES (SPECULATIVE) IN SEDIMENTARY BASIN OF INDONESIA (ARII, 2003)

NO

REGION

BASIN

GAS IN PLACE (Tcf)

SUMATERA

SOUTH SUMATERA

183,0

CENTRAL SUMATERA

52,3

OMBILIN

0,5

BENGKULU

3,6

BARITO

101,8

KUTAI

80,4

PASIR &ASAM-ASAM

3,0

NORTH TARAKAN

17,5

BERAU

8,4

KALIMANTAN

TOTAL SPECULATIVE RESOURCES OF CBM

INDONESIA: 453,3 TCF
ARII : Advance Resource International Inc.

JAWA

JATIBARANG

0,8

SULAWESI

SOUTH SULAWESI

2,0

Total Gas In Place

453,3

CBM RESOURCES OF INDONESIA (ARII, 2003)

COAL
THICKNESS
(FT)

COAL
RANK
Ro (%)

DEPTH
(FT)

GAS
CONTENT
(ft3/ton)

ASH
(%)

MOIST
(%)

CO2
(%)

AREA
(Mi2)

GAS IN
PLACE
(TFt3)

NO

BASIN

FORMA
TION

SOUTH
SUMATRA

MUARA
ENIM

120

0.47

2500

223

10

7.5

7350

183

BARITO

WARUKIN

90

0.45

3000

195

10

10

6330

102

KUTAI

BALIKPAPAN

70

0.5

3000

195

10

6100

CENTRAL
SUMATRA

MUARA
ENIM

50

0.4

2500

223

10

10

5150

52.5

NORTH
TARAKAN

TABUL

48

0.45

2300

147

12

2734

17.5

BERAU

LATIH

80

0.45

2200

144

10

7.5

780

8.4

OMBILIN

SAWAH
TAMBANG

80

0.8

2500

267

10

50

47

0.5

PASIR-ASAM2

WARUKIN

50

0.45

2300

164

7.5

7.5

385

3.0

NW JAVA

T. AKAR

20

0.70

5000

422

15

100

0.8

10

SULAWESI

TORAJA

20

0.55

2000

223

15

500

11

BENGKULU

LEMAU

40

0.4

2000

133

10

10

772

3.6

TOTAL

ARII : Advance Resource International Inc.)

80.4

453.3

DATA OF CBM FROM SOME DRILLING LOCATIONS (Geological Agency, 2012)

BADAN GEOLOGI

COAL-BED METHANE RESOURCES OF INDONESIA (Geological Agency, 2012)

No

Location

Year

Area
(Km2)

Loa Lepu
(East Kalimantan)

2006

Buana Jaya
(East Kalimantan)

Hypothetic Resources

Average CH4 Content

(SCF/Ton)

CO2 Content (%)

Coal (Ton)

CH4 (SCF)

2x1

191.726.612

150.711.520

0,78

0,21 71,86

2007

2x1

534.261.545

606.588.270

1,13

20,43 26,89

Tanah Bumbu
(South Kalimantan)

2008

2x1

112.733.226

402.255.325

3,57

0,71 1,58

Tamiang
(South Sumatera)

2008

1x1

31.792.000

9.114.082

0.28

0,00 0,17

Tanjung Enim
(South Sumatera)

2009

2x1

1.181.594.858

758.792.398

5,20

0,05 0,86

Ombilin
(East Sumatera)

2009

1 x 0,4

7.987.200

1.624.346.374

200,23

8,84 35,20

Jangkang
(Central
Kalimantan)

2010

16.567.200

15.724.004

0,08-4,49

0,00 1,12

Nibung
(South Sumatera)

2010

7,5 x
0,58

100.394.426

1.637.175.754

14,35

0,00 9, 01

Paser
(East Kalimantan)

2010

2,7 x
1,00

1.858.168

806.663

0,36

0,00 1, 20

10

Sawahlunto
(East Sumatera)

2011

10.995.060

603.806.535

70,63

11

Bayunglencir

2012

17.170.000

83.446.200

4,86

Total Resources (hypothetic) : 2.201.786.038 tons (coal) ; 6.64 BCF (methane)

PROPORTION OF CBM GAS CONTENT

GEOLOGICAL AGENCY (GA) VS ARII

No

Basin

Gas Content (SCF)

GA (Direct Measured)

ARII (assumption)

Ombilin

216 - 356

267

South Sumatera

4.86 14.35

223

ARII : Advance Resource International Inc.

SELECTION SITE AND SCOPE OF WORK OF CBM RESEARCH

OF GEOLOGICAL AGENCY
BASIS OF SELECTION OF RESEARCH SITE
1. Sedimentary basin that have the potential of coal
2. Areas with good infrastructure
3. To advance the national economy
4. To develop the potential of unconventional energy
SELECTION OF SITE
1. Sumatera Selatan Basin
2. Barito Basin
3. Kutai Basin
4. Central Sumatera Basin
5. Ombilin Basin
6. Berau Basin
7. Pasir & Asam-asam Basin
SCOPE OF WORK
1. Preliminary survey, drilling work, and laboratorium work to identify
distribution, thickness and depth of coal seam and coal quality
2. CBM asessment CBM( geology and geophysic works and data interpretation
to identify the 3D form of subsurface coal seam)
3. Determination of drilling site to gain sweet-spot CBM

CLOSING REMARKS
Indonesia has 128 sedimentary basins of various types.
Indonesia is very impressive and promising potential to conduct shale
hydrocarbon and CBM exploration.
Total speculative resources of shale gas is 574.07 tcf, distributed in 14
major basins (brown and green basins).
Indonesia oil shale resources in 2007 up to 11.24 million tons where
10.09 million tons is speculative resources and 1.15 million
tones inferred resource
Indonesia CBM resources up to 453,3 TCF (speculative) or 6.64 BCF
(hypothetic)
Shale hydrocarbon and CBM potential is remarkably large, therefore
need a comprehensive and integrated research to be done in order to
proof its resource and reserve.
Surface and subsurface geological & geophysical data have to be done
in order to discover unconventional shale hydrocarbon and CBM
resource and reserve.

LAMPIRAN

WORK FLOW

SYARAT SHALE GAS UNTUK DIEKSPLORASI

Komposisi terdiri dari serpih 50%,
dan mineral getas (brittle minerals)
50%, agar mudah saat dilakukan
fracturing.

Kehadiran mineral lempung (clay

minerals) sebaiknya < 10%, dengan
komponen campuran perlapisan
sangat rendah.
Kandungan TOC (total organic
carbon) > 2%.
Tipe kerogen, umumnya kerogen
tipe II, dari lingkungan marine, atau
tipe III dari lingkungan terrestrial.
Gambar : Haley, 2009

Tingkat kematangan termal tinggi,

pada gas window; untuk kerogen tipe
II Ro > 1.1% hingga 1.4%; tingkat
BTU dan kandungan CO2 rendah.

SYARAT SHALE GAS UNTUK DIEKSPLORASI

Ketebalan sedimen > 100 ft atau
sekitar 30 meter. Batas ketebalan dan
kedalaman berkaitan dengan rasio
kesuksesan proses fracturing pada
reservoir shale gas.
Kedalaman antara 1000 hingga 5000
meter, dengan gradient tekanan > 0.5
psi/ft.
Porositas > 5%, berupa microporosity
maupun dari rekahan alami
(natural fractures).
Tingkat kegetasan (brittleness)
diindikasikan oleh nilai rasio Poisson
yang rendah dan nilai modulus Young
yang tinggi.
Gambar : Haley, 2009

Memiliki nilai Gas in Place (GIP) yang

tinggi.

Well Logs

Kalibrasi Data Batuan inti dan Data

Log Sumuran

Identifikasi Litofasies
Pada Data Log Sumuran

Korelasi Sekuen
Stratigrafi Antar Sumur

Interpretasi Lingkungan
Pengendapan

Analogi Untuk Pemodelan Fasies

pada Top Marker Parasekuen dari
Hasil Korelasi Antar Sumur

Bar
Estuarine

Channel
Lacustrine

SEISMIK
DATA

000

690000

692000

SEISMIC INTERPRETATION

694000

696000

698000

78000
76000

Log Sumuran

WELL-SEISMIC TIE

Picking Horizon

74000
72000
70000

Seismik

Interpretasi Struktur

68000

690000 688000

686000

1000

692000
690000
2000

3000

694000694000

692000

4000

5000m

696000
696000

PERMODELAN DARI HASIL INTEGRASI DATA

SEISMIK DAN LOG SUMURAN

Fault Modeling
and
Time to Depth Conversion

698000

698000

78000

78000

000

66000

Run RMS Attribute on Top

Pematang Fm.

Surface attribute

72000

76000
74000
72000

74000
70000

70000

76000

0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0

1:90000

68000

68000

66000

66000

686000

688000

690000

692000

694000

696000

RMS AMPLITUDE OF
PEMATANG FM
0

1000

2000

3000

1:90000

4000

5000m

698000

Surface attribute
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12

TOP PEMATANG FM.

INTEGRASI DATA
INTERPRETASI SEISMIK
688000

686000

688000

690000

692000

694000

696000

694000

696000

698000

78000

686000

78000

INTERPRETASI WELL LOG KALIBRASI DENGAN DATA CORE

76000

76000

74000

74000

72000

72000

70000

70000

68000

68000

66000

66000

690000
0

1000

692000
2000

3000

4000

5000m

698000

Surface attribute
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0

1:90000

PERMODELAN PROPERTI
GEOLOGICAL PROGNOSIS

73

75

2013-2014
Eocene to Oligocene vertically depositional
environment and kerogen type changes
Eocene to Oligocene sequence stratigraphy
Burial History
Paleogeography
G&G analysis to calculate GIP

77

78

WORK FLOW

Permian Aiduna Fm.

Interbedded & interlamination of clay and
very fine grain sst with intercalation of coal,
lacustrine Permian deposit, Aiduna Fm.
Gunung Botak, Ransiki transect.

80

81

Jurassic Kopai Fm.

Formasi Kopai ini dicirikan oleh batulempung menyerpih, berlapis baik,
warna lapuk coklat kemerahan, warna segar, abu-abu, karbonan di
beberapa tempat, terdapat pirit, dan di beberapa stasiun pengamatan
ditemui struktur sedimen parallel laminasi.
Lingkungan pengendapan Formasi Kopai ini dinterpretasikan
diendapkan pada laut dangkal/shallow marine.

82

Cretaceous Piniya Fm.

Formasi Piniya disusun oleh batulanau, dan

batulempung menyerpih, karbonan, warna lapuk
coklat kemerahan, warna segar abu-abu kecoklatan,
masif, keras, terdapat fosil cetakan moluska,
bersisipan batupasir halus, di beberapa tempat
termalihkan.
Lingkungan pengendapan Formasi Kopai ini
dinterpretasikan pada pada lingkungan Marine.
83

84

Peta rencana lokasi survei umum di Papua Selatan

85