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Matrices Exercise Solution PDF

Matrices (Hints and numerical answers) This document contains 15 problems involving matrices. It provides the questions, working, and answers for problems involving adding, subtracting, multiplying matrices, properties of matrices like idempotence and inverse, eigenvalues, diagonalization, and solving systems of linear equations. Key steps involve using properties of matrices, applying definitions, and algebraic manipulations to arrive at the answers.

Uploaded by

Chai Usajai Usajai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
339 views

Matrices Exercise Solution PDF

Matrices (Hints and numerical answers) This document contains 15 problems involving matrices. It provides the questions, working, and answers for problems involving adding, subtracting, multiplying matrices, properties of matrices like idempotence and inverse, eigenvalues, diagonalization, and solving systems of linear equations. Key steps involve using properties of matrices, applying definitions, and algebraic manipulations to arrive at the answers.

Uploaded by

Chai Usajai Usajai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Matrices (Hints and numerical answers)

1.

1 2 2

A + B = 9 7 8
2 1 3

5 0 2

A B = 3 3 6
0 1 1

2 2 5

A B = 28 6 19
2 0 2

1
3 2

B A = 19 16 27
1 4 3

2 1

8 1

(ii)

2

6

(iii) (8 2)

5 0 2

B A = 3 3 6
0 1 1

4 2
(iv)

3 1

2.

(i)

3.

1 0 1 2 1 2
1 0 1 2 7 4 14 2
(A) = 2
5
+ 3
= 2
5
+ 3
=

0 1 3 1 3 1
0 1 3 1 6 7 3 14

4.

Geometrical interpretation : rotation of a vector by an angle clockwisely and then

clockwisely is the same as rotation of an angle ( + )

an angle

clockwisely. (or rotation of system of axis

anti-closkwisely)

5.

1 n

Let P(n) be the proposition : A n = 0 1


0 0

For P(1),

1 1

A1 = 0 1
0 0

1(1 1)
2

1 =
1

n (n 1)
2

1 1 0

0 1 1
0 0 1

Assume P(k) is true for some k N ,

P(1) is true.

1 k

Ak = 0 1
0 0

k (k 1)
2

For P(k +1) ,

1 k

k +1
k
A = A A = 0 1
0 0

1
1


k (k 1) 1 1 0 1 k + 1 k + k (k 1) 1 k
2
2


k
k +1
1
0 1 1 = 0
= 0 1

0 0 1 0
0 0
0
1
1

1
(k + 1)(k )
2

P(k+1) is true.
By the Principle of Mathematical Induction , P(n) is true n N .
8.

The given simultaneous equations is an inconsistent system.

9.

a b
,
Put X =
c d

3 0 1 0 3 0 1 0
,
,
,

X =
0 3 0 1 0 1 0 3

q(1 p )
2+p
X=
,
(1 m p ) / q 2 p

where p , q R, q 0.

7 4 9

A = 6 3 7
3 2 4

10.

1 1/ 2 0

1
0
A = 0
1 1/ 4 1

12.

4.5
3.5 2

(A + A) = 3 1.5 3.5
1.5
1
2

13.

Consider (B-1A-1) (AB) = (AB) (B-1A-1) = I

14.

Write the infinite series for sin and cos :

14 8 18

6 14
A + A = 12
6
4 8

-1

sin = x
15.

11.

x3
3!

x5
5!

x7
7!

x9
9!

-1

-1

....

-1

2 0
SPS =

0 4

cos = 1

(i)

(I A)2 = I 2A + A2 = I 2A + A = I .

(ii)

A is non-singular A-1 exists

x2
2!

x4
4!

x6
6!

x8
8!

....

I A = A A-1 A = A2 A-1 A (since A is idempotent)


= A (A A-1 ) A = AI A = A A = 0 .

16.

a 2 + bc ab + bd
X2 =

2
ca + dc cd + d

a 2 + bc + pa + q = 0 (1)
(a + d + p ) b = 0
( 2)

We get the equations :

c(a + d + p ) = 0
(3)
d + bc + pd + q = 0 ( 4)
2

(i)

If

a + d + p = 0, then

(ii)

If

a + d + p 0, then b = c = 0. From (1) and (4),


a2 + pa + q = 0

and

Tr(A) = a + d = p

1 1
x = 3 , B =
,
2 1

19.

= 0 , 1, 2 .

20.

= 2r ,

21.

(I A) (I + A) = I A2 = (I + A) (I A) .

3 0
B-1AB =

0 3

, An =

1 3n + 2( 3) n
3n ( 3) n
n
.
3 2[3 ( 3) n ] 2(3n ) + ( 3) n

x = ( t 0 t ) , where t R .

= r2 s2 ,

= 3

|X| = q .

d2 + pd + q = 0. Result follows.

17.

and from (1) + (4),

A2 = A I = 2rA (r2 s2) I .

3 0

1 0

0
1

24.

25.

13
4 1

1
A =
16 19 7
60
2
4 14

26.

(i)

x1 = 5/4

x2 = 3/4

(ii)

x1 = a

x2 = 14 3(a + b)

-1

x 1 = (1 60 )[4h 1 + h 2 + 13h 3 ]
x 2 = (1 60 )[16h 1 19h 2 7 h 3 ]
x 3 = (1 60 )[2h 1 + 7 h 2 + h 3 ]
,
,

x3 = 7/2

x3 = 2(a + b) 10

x4 = b

a, b R .

(iii) inconsistent system .

27.

(i)

x1 = 13/4

x2 = 1/4

(ii)

x1 = 2/3

x2 = 1/3

(iii) x1 = 9/2

x2 = 1/2

x3 = 7/2

(iv) x1 = 1/2

x2 = 1/2

x3 = 3/2

( 3 1 )(a + 1 )( b + 1 )

( 2 1 )(a + 3 )( b + 3 )

(1 3 )(a + 2 )( b + 2 )
x3 =
( 2 1 )(a + 3 )( b + 3 )

28.

x1 =

29.

One solution :

a2 b2

Infinite many solutions :

(a = b c) or

No solution :

other cases.

30.

Non-zero solution if (a = b = c)
or

31.

(c = a = 1 and b 1) or

and

b2 c2 and

c2 a2 .

(b = c a) or

or (a = b = 1 and c 1)

(a = b 1 and c = 1) or

or

(c = a b) or (a = b = c)

(b = c = 1 and a 1)

(b = c 1 and a = 1)

(1)

b=0:

no solution

(2)

a = 1 and b = 1 :

infinite number of solutions

a = 1 and b 1 :

no solution

a = 2 and b = 2 :

infinite number of solutions

a = 2 and b 2 :

no solution

(4)

b0,a1,a2:

unique solution

(i)

x = 3 , y = 1, z = 2 .

(ii)

inconsistent system.

(3)

32.

x2 =

or

(c = a 1 and b = 1) .

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