A

PROJECT REPORT
ON
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

AT
RELIANCE COMMUNICATION
BY
MEENU SHARMA

SUBMITTED BY
TRANSLAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND
MANAGEMENT
MAWANA ROAD MEERUT
UNDER TO GUIDANES OF;
Mr. Mansoor Ahmed
(HOD)

SUBMITED BY
MEENU SHARMA
ROLL NO 1432170031

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that MEENU SHARMA A STUDENT of master of

business Administration from Translam Institute Technology & Management
meerut has successfully completed her project work on TRAINING AN
DEVELOPMENT RELIANCE COMMUNICATION.

MANSOOR AHMED
(H.O.D.) TITM

DECLARATION

hereby

declare

that

the

project

titled

TRAINING

AN

DEVELOPMENT RELIANCE COMMUNICATION submitted by me

as part of partial fulfillment for the award of the Masters of Business
Administration, at

Translam

Institute of Technology & Management

( A.P.J. ABDUL KALAAM Technical university, Lucknow is a record of

Bonafide work done by me.
I also declare that this report has to my knowledge is my own and is
neither submitted to any other university nor published any time before.

MEENU SHARMA

ACKNOWLEDGEMET
Quality is not a result of accident. It demands hard work, commitment
and dedication. To create a work of quality a person needs inspiration &
motivation from various sources.
This

project

report

on

the

topic

of

TRAINING

AND

DEVELOPMENT in RELIANCE COMMUNICATION Has been complied

by me as a part of the curriculum of Master Degree in Business
Administration.
I owe my sincere thanks to Mr. ALOK

(HR Manager) for granting

his kind permission to carry on this project work. I express my deep sense of
gratitude to him for giving me immense co-operation.
A special word of Thanks to our Director Mr D. P. GOYAL& Coordinator Mr. MANSOOR AHMAD for their guidance in preparing this
report.

MEENU SHARMA

PREFACE
A project research is a systematic & scientific in investigation for identifying
a specific problem or study in a particular area in the organization & thereby
analyzing the same to give the best solution.
For the fulfillment of any organizational goal it is necessary that
the training and development should be well planned & conveyed to the
employees in order to have transport & steady flow of the different
mechanisms of the organization.
This project is also an attempt to study the functions of personnel
department specifically with the training & development policies &
procedures in reliance communication.
The objective of doing the project is to collect all the necessary
information with respect to the working procedures specifically with the
recruitment, selection training & development procedures of the personnel
department & thereby to get the maximum exposure in the related field. The
different information about the organization in different fields has given me
a wider exposure.
I have applied the concepts & gained knowledge learned during the
course at IME in the practical business situations & thus have understood
these concepts in a better way. The research work really has poured of
immense learning for me. I would like to whole heartedly thank Reliance
communication & IME for giving this exposure.

MEENU SHARMA
5

INDEX
RESEARCH DESIGN
1.

INTRODUCTION

Topic selected-its importance

Company Selected
Aims & Objectives
Methodology Sources of Data Techniques used for data analysis
2.

THEORY RELATED TO THE TOPIC

3.

ORGANIZATION HISTORY, GROWTH

4.

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

5.

FINDING AND SUGGESTION

6.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

7.

HYPOTHESES

8.

Appendix & Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

TO THE SUBJECT
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

RECRUITMENT & SELECTION PROCEDURE.

Recruitment is the first step in the employment process which
aims at developing & maintaining the adequate manpower resources that
continues with selection & ceases finally with the placement of the
candidates.
Recruitment means search of prospective employee to suit the job
requirement as represented by the job specification i.e. a technique of
analysis. Out of the prospective applicants, right type of person to match the
job is selected for the job. Under placement, the selected person is placed on
the job that is most suited to him. There are two broad sources of manpower
recruitments internal source & external sources. In Reliance communication
Both the methods are used by the management to recruit employees.
The selection is a process by which the qualified personnel are chosen
from the applicants who have offered their services to the organization for
employment. The final short listed candidates are selected & they undergo a
induction programme.

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

Training is the second most steps after the recruitment and
selection of employees. Companies have to train them for making comfort to
doing job.
They include certain phases in their training:
Theoretical knowledge about the networks and layers.
Theoretical knowledge about the MINS from the document
SRS_MINS which was provided by the company to us on our
personal computer at reliance communication.
Testing of the project. It includes the checking of the message flow
between the network subsystem when a call is initiated or released.
In reliance communication their training was
based upon MINS (mobile integrated network system).It was a newly
prepared project for wireless communication by the reliance info. Comm.

SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The study limits itself of the Recruitment Selection & training

Procedures carried out at reliance communication to learn the procedures
followed for Recruitment, Selection, training & development.

10

OF
STUDY

11

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The project report is based on the topic training & development at reliance
communication. The following are the objectives of the project report:
To find out the detailed procedure of human Resources Department of
reliance communication. Regarding the supply of human resources to
company.
For understanding the techniques & methods used in the process of
recruitment, selection, training & development.
To understand the recruitment, selection, training policy of the
company.
To know about workers job satisfaction etc with the help of
questionnaire.
To suggest measures to overcome the shortcomings if any

12

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Methodology defines the process or the procedure
followed in conducting research.
The research carried out at Reliance communication was undertaken
in order to find how effective the Human Resources Department is is
carrying out the basic functions of training & development. The
methodology involves both primary & secondary data & includes reference
to various records.
The methodology used by me at Reliance communication.
Case study
Sources of Data Collection
Primary Data
Secondary Data
Tools of Data Collection.
Primary Data:- Interviews
Through conducting structured interviews with HR Manager, Director &
Managing Director.
Employees of the company.

13

Secondary Data: - Referring to

Company Manual
Company Brochures
Website of the company
Balance sheet of the Company
Induction Handbooks.
Sample Size:
Questionnaire was filled up by 75 employees of Reliance communication
doing permanent & temporary kind of job at the company.
Analysis:
Interpretations of the questionnaire are given ahead in this project in the
form of graphs, tables & percentages.
INFORMATION ANALYSIS:
The data collected from Reliance communication. Is put before you in
theoretical form. The data collected through questionnaire is compiled & put
in form graphs, tables & percentage form.

14

THEORY RELATED TO
THE TOPIC UNDER
STUDY

15

THEORETICAL FRAME WORK OF THE STUDY

HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING
RECRUITMENT & SELECTION: A THEORETICAL
PROSPECTIVE
RECRUITMENT
RECRITMENT AT RELIANCE COMMUNICATION
RECRUITMENT

&

SELECTION

POLICY

OF

RELIANCE

COMMUNICATION
SELECTION
SELECTION PROCEDURE
SELECTION PROCESS AT RELIANCE COMMUNICATION
TRAINING AT RELIANCE COMMUNICATION
16

 DEVELOPMENT

OF

EMPLOYEES

AT

RELIANCE

COMMUNICATION

HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING

Right people, Right place , Right time
Human Resource Planning is the process by which management decides
how an organization should mare from its current manpower to its desired
manpower position.
Through planning, the management strives to have the right numbers
& right kind of people at the right place at the right time to do things which
results in both the organization& the individual receiving the maximums
long range benefits.
The process of human resource planning consists of series of activities
as follows:o Forecasting future manpower requirements either in terms of
judgemental estimates based upon the specific future plans of the
company.Making an inventory of present manpower resources &
assessing the extent to which these resources are employed to the
optimum.
o Anticipating manpower problems by comparing present resources into
the future & comparing them with forecast of requirements to
determine their adequate both quantitative & qualitatively.

17

o Planning the necessary programs of recruitment, selection, training,

development, utilization, transfer, motivation & compensation to
ensure that the future manpower requirements are not met properly.
The nature of human resource planning cannot be rigid. It must adapt to
the changing circumstances & needs of an organization. The process of
human resource planning the process of human resources planning is one
of the most important managerial functions which embraces organizational
development, management development & carrier planning,
a. Deciding goals or objectives:
The Process of human resources planning is carried out in order
to relate future enterprise needs so as to maximize the future return on
investment on human resources. The objective may be for short term or long
term.
b. Estimation of future organizational structure for forecasting:
The human requirement unless the future organizational structure is
estimated the quantitative aspect of human resource required cannot be
determined. A lot of factors affect the determination viz expansion &
growth, design & structure changes, management policy business forecasts
products & human skill & completion.
After estimating the future organization structure & requirement for
human resource for both the existing & new vacancies is drawn up. This
requires active participation of all the departments the vacancies whether
existing or new must be intimated to the HR dept on a requisition based on
accurate job specification.

18

If a shortage is there, the same is made ok by recruitment or

promotion from within. On the other hand if there is surplus the same is
either transferred or retrenched or given lay off as the situation demands.
c. Auditing Human Resources:
After the future needs are estimated the next step is to find out
the quality and quantity of existing stock of human resource. This indicates
all the relevant factors about a person which may prove his overall value to
the company. This helps in knowing what exist in the stock and what is
needed to be added to that stock taking into account the capability,
qualification, experience, knowledge skill and promotional potential of
employees.
d. Job Analysis:
Job analysis assesses What employees are doing. From job analysis
specific details of what is being done and the skill utilize in the job, is
obtained. Job analysis enables managers to understand jobs and job structure
to improve the productivity. It also involves job design, coordinating
demands on available time, individual psychological needs, technical
procedures and desired performance.
Job analysis is a procedure by which pertinent information is obtained
about a job it is detailed and systematic study of information relating to the
operation and responsibility of specific job.
The details of training, skills qualifications, abilities experience, and
responsibility can be given with the help of job analysis supported by job
description and job specification. Job analysis is very important for effective
functioning of recruitment and selection procedures. By indicating the
specific requirements for each job are solid base is made available for taking
some important decisions regarding hiring, placement, training, transfer and
19

promotion of personnel. Every job description and job specification must

have the following details:
a). A description of the firm.
b). A description of job and how the vacancy arises.
c). the responsibilities to be accepted.
d). the knowledge and experience required.
i.

Essential

ii.

Desirable

e). Conditions, salary and other benefits.

f). Future prospectus the firm can offer.
The process an organization uses to ensure that it has right amount
and right kind of people to deliver a particular level of output of services in
future. Firms that do not conduct human resource planning may not be able
to meet the future labour needs. A labour shortage are may hare to resort to
lay off in the case of labour surplus. Failure to plan can let to significant
financial costs.
The human resource planning activity entails forecasting labour
demand; labour is likely to increase as demand for the firms products are
service increase.
The second part of human resource planning process entails
estimating labour supply. The labour supply may come from existing
employees (The internal labour or external labour force).
Project Teams
Deployment/ Appointment
Corporate growth or down sizing schedule and
Optimize people
Match their skill and competence determine
Their availability
20

Select the most cost effective solution establish

And resolve the shortfall
Training needs analysis.
Recruitments / outsourcing options
Develop succession plans.

A THEORITICAL PERSPECTIVE
It is primary function of HR department of every organization
to procure and maintain an adequate and qualified working force of barriers
personnel required for manning the organization. Procurement of efficient
personnel leads the organization to success like other demands as money
materials and machinery. Employees well selected and well placed would
not only contribute to the efficient running of the organization but also offer
significant potential for future replacement. Hence building and maintaining
an efficient human resource becomes one of the most important management
function. In the human there lies immense potential which requires expertise
for its optimum utilization. Hence it signifies how much it could mean to HR
department of an organization to provide the best available man power at the
right time through the process of recruitment and selections. Recruitment is
process of searching for prospective employees and stimulating them to
apply for jobs in the organization. It is also an activity influences the shape
of companys future. Selection means a process by which the qualified and
21

most suited personnel can be chosen from the applicants who have offered
the services to the organization for employment.
With

the

increase

competition,

technological

change

and

advancement, changing human behavioral pattern, communication problems

etc. Organizations all over the world are under tremendous pressure to get
the right person for the right job. At the same time, expectation of the
employee from the employer has also changed and increased considerably.
In such demanding situation the process of man power planning recruitment
and selection becomes very important. This calls for the use of valid and
reliable technique in the whole process to provide the right man for the right
job.
An organization built on a weak foundation can not be expected
to withstand the highly competitive world. As the most important all the
resources is the human resource, it becomes a very important decisions for
HR department to staff the organization with the available resource.
These calls for high level of planning by the management
keeping in the view all points can affect the process of recruitment and
selection.
Any mistake at this stage could prove fetal as the right man at the
right job often proves to be an asset for the company and vise versa a
liability.
Hence this function has a long effect on the organization. The
staffing process is a flow of events which results in continuous manning of
organization position at all level from the top of the management to
operatives levels. This process includes human resource planning,
developing source of man power screening, selection, offers, inductions,
transfer, promotions and finally the separation. The topics that are covered
are:
22

1. Human resource planning

a) Forecasting Manpower requirement
b) Job analysis
2. Requirement
a) Source of Manpower
b) Problems related to it
c) Advertising the vacancies

3. Screening
a) Eligibility
b) Suitability
c) Methods used in screening
4. Selection
a) Application blanks
b) Testing techniques
c) Interviews
d) Medical Tests
e) Sending of letters
5. Placement
6. Induction and orientation.

23

RECRUITMENT

24

RECRUITMENT
By Fipp , it is process o searching for prospective employees &
stimulating & encouraging them to apply for job in an organization . it is
often termed positive in that it stimulates people to apply for jobs to increase
hiring ratio i.e. the no. of applications for a job.
25

The process of generating a pool of qualified candidates for a

particular job is the first step in the hiring process.
The aim of recruitment is to attract qualified job candidates; the word
qualified is stressed because attracting applicants who are unqualified fore
the job is a costly waste of time. Unqualified applicants need to be processed
and perhaps tested or interviewed before it can be determined that they are
not qualified, to avoid these costs the recruiting efforts should be targeted
solely applicants who have the basic qualification for the job.
Recruitment forms the first stage in the process which continues with
selection & ceases with placement of the candidates. Recruitment &
selection are critical elements of effective human managements.
With the human resource management paradigm they are not simply
mechanism for filling vacancies. Recruitment & Selection is a function of
major importance to the success of an enterprise.

Placing the individual by:

1. Merit basis.
2. Considering the persons interest, backgrounds & physical capacities.
3. Examining the job available.
4. Matching the available job recruitments with individual capacities.

Factors affecting Recruitment:

All organization whether large or small, do engage in recruiting
activity this depends upon:
1. Size of the organization.
26

2. The employment condition in the organization, the efforts of the past

recruitment efforts which show the organizations ability to locate
good performing people.
3. Working conditions & salary benefit packages offered by the
organization which may influence & necessitate future
a) Recruiting
b) The rate of growth of organization
c) The level of seasonal operations & future expansion &
production programs.
d) Cultural, economic & legal factor etc.
e- recruitment:
Managers now use emails & te web to bypass campus career centers
an email, news letter to the student to get them interested in the firm the
manager can take the complete responsibility for all the recruiting. Doing
their own recruiting also put them in better touch with the market & their
needs.
Sources of Recruitment:
There are a great number of recruitment sources available the most
prominent of these sources are:
Current Employees: Many companies have a policy of informing current
employees about job openings before trying to recruit them from other
sources, internal job postings give current employees the opportunity to
move into the forms more desirable jobs however; an internal promotion
automatically creates another job opening that has to be filled.
Referrals from current employees: Studies have shown that
employees who were hiring through referrals from current employees
27

tend to stay with the organization longer & display greater loyalty &
job satisfaction than employees tend to refer people who are
demographically similar to themselves which can create equal
employment opportunity problems.
Former Employees: A firm may decide to recruit employees who
previously worked for the organization these are the people who are
laid off or who work seasonally because the employer already has
experience with these people, they tend to be safe hires.
Print Advertisement: Advertisements can be used both for local
recruitment efforts (newspaper) & for targeted regional, national or
international searches for instance; clinical psychologists often find
jobs through listing in American psychological associations monthly
newspaper.
Internet Advertising: Employers are increasingly turning to the web
as a recruitment to because on line ads are relatively cheap, are more
dynamic & can often produce faster results than newspaper help
wanted ads. In addition, the reach of internet has expanded
dramatically. So companies can connect with people all over the
world looking for jobs.
Employment Agencies: Many organizations use external contractors
to recruit & screen applicants for position. Typically, the employment
agencies are paid free based on the salary offered to the new
employees. Agencies can be particularly effective when the firm is
looking for an employee with a specialized skill. Another advantage
of employment agencies is that they often seek out candidates who are
28

presently employed & not looking for a new job, which indicates that
their current employer is satisfied with their performance.

Recruitment in India
Recruitment in India is made through different channels. Recruitment
procedure is quite systematic & not wholly scientific.
Channels of Recruitment :
- Recruitment through intermediaries
- Recruitment through contractors
- Direct Recruitment
- Recruitment through employment exchange
- Other Methods
- Through Trade Union
- Through Labour Office
- Through referee
- Recruitment through the web

This kind of recruitment is called e-recruitment, the company

sends the newsletter to the candidates, regular job updates to target the right
candidate. The company selects the candidate from the data base available
this helps the company to directly contact the candidate. Once a firm has
prepared a job description & person specification. It will be time to advertise
the vacancy. They can do this internally or externally.

Internal Recruitment:

29

Internal recruitment involves findings someone already employed by the

organization to fill the vacancy.
Advantages of Internal Recruitment :
Applicants will already know the company & its methods of wotking
& are therefore likely to settle into the job a great deal easier than
external candidates.
The cost of recruitment is reduced, there will be no need for external
advertisements & all administrative cost & time involved in dealing
with applicantions.
Internal Recruitment & promotions will increase motivation of work
force.
Disadvantages of Internal Recruitment:
There are through problems with using internal Recruitment.
First, Tthese will be limited range of applicants & there will be a reduced
potential of finding new talent & less input of new ideas & methods of
working, also as one person is promoted then another vacancy is created.

External Recruitment:
External Recruitment means looking outside the company for candidates for
vacancy.
Advantages of External Recruitment :
1) Introduces new people with new ideas, can allow leaps forward in
thinking, helps avoid getting stuck.
2) Wider range of candidates giving more choice.

30

3) Takes advantage of training provided by other companies, reduces

costs & increase skills.
There are a wide variety of methods firm can use to find
suitable candidates the actual method or methods used will depend upon
the type of vacancy & number of vacancies available.
For skilled & professional workers it may be appropriate to use to find
suitable candidates. The actual method or methods used will depend upon
the type of vacancy & the number of vacancies.
Headhunters can be used when senior management positions become
vacant. Head hunters will use their knowledge of employment market to
find suitable candidates.
For semi skilled workers advertisements in local & nation newspaper
may be appropriate. The job center can be used for clerical administrative
& unskilled workers.

31

RECRITMENT
PROCEDURE

RECRUITMENT PROCESS
When there is any vacancy in any department or is going to
arise the concerned department informs the HR Department.
If an internal transfer or selection can be done then the application is
asked from employees who are interested in career shifts can be selected to
the vacant place. The vacancies are internally advertised on the notice board.
Internal Sources:
Internal sources consist of employee referrals which enable quick
availability of CVs to the HR department earning better posts through
32

referrals benefits the employees & getting quickly eligible candidates & high
moral of the employees benefit the company. But these internal references
are limited to filling up vacancies at the lower level.
The following guidelines ar issued to streamline the internal
recruitment procedure.
- An employee must have at least worked for 5 years in te
position where he is working to become eligible for
internal Recruitment.
- Employees in the contractual obligation should also be
permitted to apply against internal advertisement but it
depends on his qualification & efficiency work.

External Sources:
External Recruitment is conducted when there is no internal force to fill up
the vacancy & the company is looking out for new candidates. The external
sources are used for recruiting permanent employees or who are higher up in
positions.
External Sources Used are:
1) Placement Agencies or consultants:The vacancy is communicated to the placement agency along with the
job description & other specification. The CVs are sent in to the company
33

where the HR Manager Mrs. Anjali Badam & the concerned department
head specify according to their recrument.
2) Advertising :Advertisements are given by- newspaper likes The Times Of India,
Indian Express etc about the vacancy along with minimum qualification
requirement. Advertisement is used when qualified or experienced
personnel are not available form other sources
3) Central Employment Exchange:The HR Manager contacts the employment exchanges & gets the suitable
candidate for the required job.

RECRUITMENT & SELECTION POLICY OF

OTHERS
Objective: To attract select best suitable talent in the industry & to
provide a frame work for all the hiring decisions of the company.
Scope: It covers the hiring policy & procedures for all levels.

34

Causes:1) Policy should be in conformity with its general personnel policies &
should be flexible.
2) The company shall always keep its business objective & the
competency requirements as the prime criteria while selecting a
candidate there is no discrimination on the bases of cost, language,
domicile & sex while selecting a candidate.
3) For each position there shall be job description & specification & the
company shall hire candidates only with specified qualification &
experience. Any kind of relaxation shall be recorded as policy
deviation with proper justification & authorized from concerned
authorities.
4)

The company refers to hire candidates with sufficient relevant

experiences , however in exceptional cases a fresher can be hired with
proper justification.

5) The company uses multiple sources to search candidates such as

newspaper advertisements , Recruitment constancies & employee
referrals etc.

6) The HR Manager/ Department shall assess the credibility of each &

every recruitment agency with whose the company may associate for
its human resources sourcing association starts only after a contract is
signed on agreeable terms & conditions.
7) The HR department shall ensure that all the candidates those who
come for the interview are attended properly & promptly.
8) Every selected candidates goes through an induction program.
35

SELECTION- THE ULTIMATE OBJECTIVE

The process of making hire or no hire decision regarding each
applicant for a job. The process typically involves determination of the
requirement for effective work performance are typically based on job
analysis depending on applicants scores on various test or impressions they
have made in interviews.
To retain & maximize the human resources whom were so carefully
selected, organization must pay careful attention to socialize them.
36

Socialization involves orienting new employees to the organization & to the

unit in which they will be working. It is important that the new employees
become familiar with the company policies, procedures & performance
expectation. Socialization can make a difference between a new workers
feeling like an outsides & a feeling like a member of the team.
According to Dale Vader, selection is the process in which the
candidates for employment are divided into two classes those who are to be
offered employment & those who are not. The process of selection begins
with the undertaking & the definition of job to be performed by those
involved in selection. These are convicted into job specializations that are
made public by using media. Job opportunities should be publicized in such
a way the enable the organization to draw upon prospective candidates from
a wider cross section of the society. Planned selection through techniques
that are the objectives, reliable & valid ensures better choice of employees.
The process of selection begins with manpower/human resource planning
that involves a through auditing of the existing manpower & planning in
advance how to more form the present to the future interns of human
resources.

The process continues in three stages, & each stage is as

important as the previous one it starts with recruitment followed by
screening & finally ends with selection. Recruitment is concerned with the
discovery of potential to locate the sources of manpower & attract them
insufficient numbers so as to facilitate better selection with a wider choice to
meet the job requirements & job specifications.
Selection is choosing a few from those who have applied. The
process consists of many stages in which every information decides if the
37

candidate will go to the next stages or fall out. It is the choice making
process in which those meeting the minimum requirement keep going to the
next stage & those falling go out of the race.
After a candidate is found to be most suited, he is offered
placement in the organization at a price scientifically arrived at by the
process of job evaluation. The terms & conditions of employment are
explained to him & finally he is inducted to the new work environment.

SELECTION PROCEDURE
The various steps in the selection of the desirable person in the
employment procedure starts only after the applications from the
prospective employees are receive by the concern .These applications are
scrutinized considering the standard set out by the organization ,. The
application are screened out at each step and those who are found borne job
are selected finally .The following are the necessary steps generally involved
38

in the selection process ;1) Preliminary interview

2) Application blank
3) Employment Test
4) Employment interview
5)Reference check
6)Medical examination
7)Final selection
STEPS IN SELECTION PROCEDURE:1. Preliminary interview:
It is the first step after receipt & scrutiny of the applications forms in the
Selection process .The purpose of this type of interview is to eliminate ,
The unqualified or unsuitable candidates .It should be quite brief just to have
an idea of general education ,experience ,training,appreance,personality etc.
of the candidate & to obtain his salary requirements.If the application
appears to have some chance of being selected ,he is given the application
blank to fill.
2)Application Blank:
A blank application or application blank is the next important weeding out
device
in the selection procedure .The successful candidates in prelimnary
interview supplied with the application blank to get a written record of the
following information .
Identify information such as family background date & place of birth ,age,
sex, height ,citizenship,marital status etc.
Information recording education .It include information about his academic
career ,subject taken at various levels ,school certificate & degree
39

level,grade, division or place awarded in school & college,technical

qualification etc.
Expected salary,allowance & other fringe benefits
3.Employment test
Psychological& other test are becoming increasingly popular even in India
as a part of the selection process.However their utility is controversial .The
personnel department can guide & help in the selection of type of tests
appropriate for a particular position .
4.Employment Interview:
Perhaps this is the most complex & difficult part of the selection process.
The purpose of interview is to determine the suitability of the applicant for
the applicant for the job & job for the applicant. Interview must be
Conducted in a friendly atmosphere & the candidate must be asked the Basis
of job specification. Unwanted questions should be avoided.

4. Reference Check:
Employers generally provide a column in the application blank for
Reference. If the applicant crosses all the above hurdles an investigation
May be made on the reference supplied by the applicants regarding his Past
employment, education, character, personal reputation etc. Reference may be
called upon on telephones or may be contracted Through mail or personal
visit. Additional information can also be Recorded by asking the questions
from references.
5. Medical Examination:
40

In almost all the companies even in India medical examination is a part of

The selection process for all suitable applicants. It is conducted of the final
decision has been made to select the candidate. This is very important
because a person of poor health may generally be absent from work & the
training given to him may go waste. A person suffering from any disease nay
spread it amongst others & all this effects the working of the concern.
6. Final Selection:
If a candidate successfully overcomes all the obstacles or tests given above
he would be declared selected. An appointment letter will be given to him
mentioning the terms of appointment, pay scales, post on which Selected,
when be joins the organization etc. It Is the primary duty of the HR manager
to introduce him to the company & his job.
In the selection of the candidate whatever may be the procedure the
personnel department plays an important role. It should be kept in the mind
that the decision to recruit the personnel is not taken by the personnel
Department. It however assist the top executives in selecting the candidate
by devising the application from preparing the job description & setting the
job specification.

41

SELECTION PROCESS AT DAWNAY DAY AV

PVT. LTD.
Scrutiny of CVs by HR Department
Scrutiny of CVs by concerned departmental head
Interview call letter send to applicants
Personal interview
Reference check
Selection
Induction

Scrutiny of CVs by the HR Department:

The CVs received are scrutinized by the HR Department according to the

Qualifications & requirement. The CVs are sorted accordingly.

Scrutiny of CVS by concerned Department Head:

The concerned departmental head goes through the CVs sorted by the HR
Department taking into consideration for which post the candidate has
applied for.

Interview call letter send to Application:

After the CVs are scrutinized, the call letter is send to the candidates to
come for the interview, & the HR head & the concerned persons to conduct
the interview are informed.

42

 Personal Interview:
The interviews are often best carried out by panel consisting of a specialist,
HR Manager, a manager from the department concerned & an indepent
member, this would allow an all round picture of the candidate be arrived at.
After the personal interview the candidates undergo through various test
which are conducted by the personnel department.
Reference Check:
For the recruitment of persons in higher positions the reference check of that
Person is done with the previous employer or company the person was
working with to know his reliability, character etc.
Selection:
After the interview & other steps if the candidate is found fit for the
particular job & is the right person for the job, then the candidates are short
listed.
Appointment Letter:
A formal letter of appointment is sent to the candidate who is selected he is
offered the job. It contains date of joining, terms of job etc.
Finalization of terms of service:
1. Fixation of salary is done by the HR Department in consultation with
The head of the department concerned. This is normally done as per the
Salary structure already available in the company.

43

2. Before a person joins prior approval of concerned head is invariably

obtained.
3. After the approval of the authority is taken, candidates are given offer
letter as per procedure.
3. Offer letters are signed by

44

SCREENING OF THE
EMPLOYEE

45

SCREENING
In over all process of selection, screening comes once the recruitment is over. Screening is a process of
reducing the number of applicants to few who have a better chance of getting selected than those
screened out. This is
Also called the process of short listing. Screening is generally done by the
HR department on the basis of:
a) eligibility
b) suitability
job specification must be referred to while screening candidates on the basis
of these two criteria. Methods used in screening.
a) Preliminary application
b) Screening Interview
While screening dose help reduce large numbers to manageable proportions,
It also has a risk of losing those who could have performed well in the
Subsequent selection. With more dear understanding of job description, the risk could be reduced.
46

CHAPTER- 4

COMPANY PROFILE

47

INTRODUCTION
Dawnay Day AV is an innovative financial services provider and advisory firm, formed through a joint
venture between Dawnay, Day International and Alok Vajpeyi.
With an unrelenting focus on our twin values of Integrity and Client First" Policy, Dawnay
Day AV provides advisory services to individuals and institutional clients in India and abroad.
Dawnay, Day International is co-owned by Guy Naggar and Peter Klimt, each of whom has
more than three decades of experience in creating value for clients in international financial markets.
Alok Vajpeyi has more than twenty years of experience building financial services businesses around
the globe.
Our mission is to forge strong, sustained relationships with our clients by creating value for
them. We do this by gaining a thorough insight into a clients financial needs and objectives. Attuned to
the fact that no two clients are the same, our approach to investing underscores the need for
personalized solutions in todays financial markets.
In providing services to our clients, we take the fiduciary trust they place in us very seriously. By
strictly adhering to our core values, we ensure that our processes, risk management systems, and
staffing are concentrated solely on preserving and increasing our clients hard earned capital within a
transparent and controlled investment process.

48

GROUP COMPANIES
Dawnay, Day was originally established as an issuing house in 1928 in London, England. Dawnay, Day
was acquired by its current owners, Guy Naggar and Peter Klimt in the early 1980s. Currently, The
Dawnay, Day Group conducts business in three broad spheres of operation - Property Investments,
Principal Investments and Financial Services. The Firm has gross assets in excess $4 billion and a net
worth that is greater than $1.5 billion.
The Firms jointly owned Financial Services companies include corporate and structured finance
companies, asset management companies, securities brokerage companies, and property-related
advisory services.
Working through our subsidiary companies and affiliates, we deliver high-quality, specialized
investment and advisory services to individuals and institutional clients in Europe, Middle East, and
India.

SERVICES
Dawnay Day AV Securities Private Limited is a full-service financial services provider and advisory
firm. By establishing deep relationships with clients and taking time to understand their individual
needs, we have quickly created an impact across several businesses.

49

We intend to offer our clients access to a range of traditional and alternative investment opportunities relying on a mix of local and global capabilities - including direct equity through online trading portal,
private equity, real estate, insurance, and corporate finance. In concert with our parent company,
Dawnay, Day International, we are able to provide services in an advisory capacity to Non Resident
investors and Foreign Institutional Investors.
You have the right to pursue financial independence your way. Dawnay Day AV Securities is
committed to help you do just that. We deliver State-of-the-art Tools, excellent Customer Care,
Affordable Pricing and Innovative Technology so you can follow your own path. Need based solutions,
that's what our Product Bouquet is all about.
Equity : At Dawnay Day AV, you can place online trades for virtually any stock listed on NSE & BSE.
Dawnay Day AV offers plenty of powerful ways to place stock orders along with the trading tools and
services that help you move quickly and conveniently. Ways to trade stock
1.)Delivery based Trading: Place delivery based orders for all stocks listed on NSE & BSE
2.)Intra-day Trading: Execute Margin Orders for select group of stocks listed on NSE (EQ) &
BSE
(A,
B1
&
B2)
3.)SSRS: Sell "Settlement Receivable shares".
Derivative : With a Derivative-approved Dawnay Day AV account, you can pursue a wide range of
Futures & Options trading strategies with speed and ease. We deliver the support, information and
structure that quickly lets you spot potential opportunities and act on them fast

50

Customer Service & Other Value Added Services : In our continuous endeavor to offer best of the
class services to our esteemed customer, we are glad to provide Depository and Trading Account
details on Net at www.dawnaydayavsecurities.com with host of features as well.
Distinct Features of Depository on Net :
Client Master Details : You can view your CDSL demat account details such as account activation
date, Status and Type of Account, Joint Holder details, PAN , Bank details, Nominee, POA, all at one
go.
Transaction Statement : A summary of all your demat transactions for a specific period is available
under this option.
Holding Statement : You can view your demat holdings in your demat account as on the last working
day.
Holding Valuation Statement : Latest market valuation of your demat holdings is available under this
option.
Distinct Features of Equity Back-office on Net :
Sauda Details : You can view your day-to-day transaction details such as Order No, Trade No,
Quantity, Market Rate, Amount etc. To view the same, you need to provide the transaction date.
Alternatively, you can also view

51

your transactions by giving a date range in the Global Report - I Menu - Sauda (Cash) option.
Delivery Details : You can view the details of delivery / receipt of shares transacted by you.
Bill Summary and Financial Statement : You can also view your Bill Summary as well as Financial
Statements.
Moreover, a host of Global Reports and MIS reports tailored to suit your trading needs.
Electronic Contract Note (ECN) :
We are providing the facility of Electronic Contract Note to our clients on their registered Email Id.
The same can also be accessed on this website under Services menu.
We once again reiterate our commitment for providing state-of-the-art technology and services to our
customers so as to add ease and convenience in their day-to-day trading.
Demat Services :
Dawnay Day AV Securities Private Limited is a participant in Central Depository Services Limited
(CDSL), through its Depository operations. The company believes in efficient and cost-effective
service support to its brokerage business. You will find our service charges very competitive - offering
the best value for your money.

52

DEVELOPING HYPOTHESIS
AND
RESEARCH QUESTIONS

53

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS

Introduction
Processes involved before formulating the hypotheses.

Definition
Nature of Hypothesis
Types
How to formulate a Hypotheses in
Quantitative Research
Testing and Errors in Hypotheses
Summary
54

DEVELOPING HYPOTHESIS
AND
RESEARCH QUESTIONS

55

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Introduction
Processes involved
hypotheses.

before

formulating

the

Definition
Nature of Hypothesis
Types
How to formulate a Hypotheses in
Quantitative Research
56

Qualitative Research
Testing and Errors in Hypotheses
Summary

57

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

The research structure helps us create research that is :

Quantifiable Verifiable Replicable

Defensible
Corollaries among the model, common sense & paper format
Model

Common Sense

Paper Format

Research Question

Why

Intro

Develop a Theory

Your Answer

Intro

How

Method

Identify Variables (if applicable)

58

Identify hypotheses

Expectations

Method

Test the hypotheses

Collect/Analyze data

Results

Evaluate the Results

What it Means

Conclusion

Critical Review

What it doesnt Mean

Conclusion

59

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Most research projects share the same general structure, which

could be represented in the shape of an hourglass.
The Hourglass notion of research
BEGIN WITH BROAD QUESTIONS
NARROW DOWN, FOCUS IN
OPERATIONALIZE
OBSERVE
ANALYZE DATA
60

REACH CONCLUSIONS
GENERALIZE BACK TO QUESTIONS

61

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Some of the methods that are included for research formulation

are Where does the problem origination or discovery begin?
Previous Experience
Triggered Interest
Potential problem
fields

Criteria of problems and problem statement

Goals & Planning
Search, Explore & Gather the Evidence
Generate creative and logical alternative solutions
62

Making the educated guess- the

hypothesis!

63

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Definitions of hypothesis
Hypotheses are single tentative guesses, good hunches assumed for
use in devising theory or planning experiments intended to be given a
direct experimental test when possible. (Eric Rogers, 1966)
A hypothesis is a conjectural statement of the relation between two or
more variables. (Kerlinger, 1956)
Hypothesis is a formal statement that presents the expected
relationship between an independent and dependent variable.(Creswell,
1994)

 A research question is essentially a hypothesis asked in the form of a

question.

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Definitions of hypothesis
It is a tentative prediction about the nature of the relationship between
two or more variables.
A hypothesis can be defined as a tentative explanation of the
research problem, a possible outcome of the research, or an educated
guess about the research outcome. (Sarantakos, 1993: 1991)
Hypotheses are always in declarative sentence form, an they relate,
either generally or specifically , variables to variables.
An hypothesis is a statement or explanation that is suggested by
knowledge or observation but has not, yet, been proved or disproved.

(Macleod Clark J and Hockey L 1981)

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Nature of Hypothesis
The hypothesis is a clear statement of what is intended to be investigated. It
should be specified before research is conducted and openly stated in reporting
the results. This allows to:
Identify the research objectives
Identify the key abstract concepts involved in the research
Identify its relationship to both the problem statement and the literature review

A problem cannot be scientifically solved unless it is reduced to hypothesis

form

 It is a powerful tool of advancement of knowledge, consistent with

existing knowledge and conducive to further enquiry

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Nature of Hypothesis

It can
falsifiable

be

tested

verifiable

Hypotheses
questions

are

not

moral

or

or

ethical

It is neither too specific nor to general

It is a prediction of consequences

It is considered valuable even if proven

false

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS

An Example
Imagine the following situation:
You are a nutritionist working in a zoo, and one of your responsibilities is to develop a
menu plan for the group of monkeys. In order to get all the vitamins they need, the
monkeys have to be given fresh leaves as part of their diet. Choices you consider
include leaves of the following species: (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D and (e) E. You know that in
the wild the monkeys eat mainly B leaves, but you suspect that this could be because
they are safe whilst feeding in B trees, whereas eating any of the other species would
make them vulnerable to predation. You design an experiment to find out which type of
leaf the monkeys actually like best: You offer the monkeys all five types of leaves in
equal quantities, and observe what they eat.
There are many different experimental hypotheses you could formulate for the
monkey study. For example:
When offered all five types of leaves, the monkeys will preferentially feed on B
leaves. This statement satisfies both criteria for experimental hypotheses. It is a
Prediction: It predicts the anticipated outcome of the experiment
Testable: Once you have collected and evaluated your data (i.e. observations of what
the monkeys eat when all five types of leaves are offered), you know whether or not

they ate more B leaves than the other types.

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Incorrect hypotheses would include:

When offered all five types of leaves, the monkeys will preferentially eat the type they like
best.
This statement certainly sounds predictive, but it does not satisfy the second criterion: there
is no way you can test whether it is true once you have the results of your study. Your data
will show you whether the monkeys preferred one type of leaf, but not why they preferred it
(i.e., they like it best). I would, in fact, regard the above statement as an assumption that is
inherent in the design of this experiment, rather than as a hypothesis.
When offered all five types of leaves, the monkeys will preferentially eat B leaves because
they can eat these safely in their natural habitat.
This statement is problematic because its second part ('because they can eat these safely in
their natural habitat') also fails to satisfy the criterion of testability. You can tell whether the
monkeys preferentially eat baobab leaves, but the results of this experiment cannot tell you
why.

In their natural habitat, howler monkeys that feed in B trees are less vulnerable to predation
than monkeys that feed on A, C, D, or E.

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

This is a perfectly good experimental hypothesis, but not for the experiment described
in the question. You could use this hypothesis if you did a study in the wild looking at
how many monkeys get killed by predators whilst feeding on the leaves of A, B etc.
However, for the experimental feeding study in the zoo it is neither a prediction nor
testable.

When offered all five types of leaves, which type will the monkeys eat
preferentially?

This is a question, and questions fail to satisfy criterion #1: They are not
predictive statements. Hence, a question is not a hypothesis.

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Types of Hypotheses

NULL HYPOTHESES
Designated by: H0 or HN
Pronounced as H oh or H-null

ALTERNATIVE

HYPOTHESES
Designated by: H1 or
HA

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

The null hypothesis represents a theory that has been put forward,
either because it is believed to be true or because it is to be used as
a basis for argument, but has not been proved.
Has serious outcome if incorrect decision is made!

The alternative hypothesis is a statement of what a hypothesis test is

set up to establish.

Opposite of Null Hypothesis.

Only reached if H0 is rejected.

 Frequently
researcher!

alternative

is

actual

desired

conclusion

of

the

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

EXAMPLE
In a clinical trial of a new drug, the null hypothesis might be that the
new drug is no better, on average, than the current drug.
We would write H0: there is no difference between the two drugs on
average.
The alternative hypothesis might be that:
the new drug has a different effect, on average, compared to that of
the current drug.
We would write H1: the two drugs have different effects, on average.

the new drug is better, on average, than the current drug.

We would write H1: the new drug is better than the current drug, on
average.

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

We give special consideration to the null hypothesis

This is due to the fact that the null hypothesis relates to the statement being
tested, whereas the alternative hypothesis relates to the statement to be
accepted if / when the null is rejected.
The final conclusion, once the test has been carried out, is always given in
terms of the null hypothesis. We either 'reject H0 in favor of H1' or 'do not reject
H0'; we never conclude 'reject H1', or even 'accept H1'.
If we conclude 'do not reject H0', this does not necessarily mean that the null
hypothesis is true, it only suggests that there is not sufficient evidence against H 0

in favor of H1; rejecting the null hypothesis then, suggests that the alternative
hypothesis may be true.

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Formulating a hypothesis
is important to narrow a question down to one that can reasonably be
studied in a research project.

The formulation of the hypothesis basically varies with the kind of research
project conducted:
QUALITATIVE

QUANTITATIVE

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Can also be divided into:

Theory
Tentative hypothesis
Pattern

Deductive

Observation

Inductive

Theory
Hypothesis

Observation
Confirmation

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Qualitative Approach
The use of Research Questions as opposed to objectives or hypothesis, is more
frequent.
Characteristics
Use of words- what or how.
Specify whether the study: discovers, seeks to understand, explores or
describes the experiences.
Use of non-directional wording in the question.
These questions describe, rather than relate variables or compare groups.
The questions are under continual review and reformulation-will evolve and
change during study.
The questions are usually open-ended, without reference to the literature or

theory.
Use of a single
focus.

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

The rules of Qualitative research

Kleining offers four rules for a scientific and qualitative process of approaching
understanding to reality.
Rule 1 (refers to subject / researcher)
"Prior understandings of the phenomenon to be researched should be seen as provisional
and should be transcended with [the discovery of] new information with which they are
not consistent." (1982: 231)
Rule 2 (refers to the object of study)
"The object is provisional; it is only fully known after the successful completion of the
process of discovery." (1982: 233)
Rule 3 (refers to action in relation to the subject of research, hence to data
collection)
"The object should be approached from "all" sides; rule of the maximum
variation of perspectives." (1982: 234)

Rule 4 (refers to the evaluation of information gathered, hence to data

analysis)
"Analysis of the data for common elements." (1982: 237)

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Quantitative Approach
In survey projects the use of research questions and objectives is
more frequent
In experiments the use of hypotheses are more frequent
Represent

comparison between variables

relationship between variables

Characteristics

The testable proposition to be deduced from theory.

Independent and dependent variables to be separated and measured separately.

To be either writing-questions, or objectives or hypotheses, but not a

combination.

 Consider the alternative forms for writing and make a choice based
on the audience for the research

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Generation of
Research
Hypothesis
Problem statements become
research hypotheses when
constructs are
operationalized

Initial Ideas
(often vague and general)

Initial
observations

Search of existing
research literature

Statement of the problem

Operational definitions
of constructs

Research
hypothesis
(a specific deductive
prediction)

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Example:

Consider the example of a simple association between two variables, Y and X.

1. Y and X are associated (or, there is an association between Y and X).

2. Y is related to X (or, Y is dependent on X).
3. As X increases, Y decreases (or, increases in values of X appear to effect reduction
in values of Y).

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

The first hypothesis provides a simple statement of

association between Y and X. Nothing is indicated about the
association that would allow the researcher to determine
which variable, Y or X, would tend to cause the other variable
to change in value.
The second hypothesis is also a simple statement of
association between Y and X, but this time it may be inferred that
values of Y are in some way contingent upon the condition of the
X variable.

The third hypothesis is the most specific of the three. Not

only does it say that Y and X are related and that Y is dependent
on X for its value, but it also reveals something more about the
nature of the association between the two variables.

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Testing & Challenging

The degree of challenge to the hypothesis will depend on the type of problem
and its importance. It can range from just seeking a good enough solution to
a much more rigorous challenge.
The term challenging may include

Verification
Justification
Refutability
Validity
Rectification
Repeatabilit
y
Falsification

There are two possibilities

1. Nothing Happened
2. Something Happened

the Null Hypothesis - Ho

the Alternative Hypothesis H1

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Hypothesis testing is a four-step

procedure:
1.

Stating the hypothesis (Null or Alternative)

2.

Setting the criteria for a decision

3.

Collecting data

4.

Evaluate the Null hypothesis

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Errors in Hypotheses
Two types of mistakes are possible while testing the
hypotheses.
Type I
Type II
Small example:
Your actual health

What doc says

sick
sick

well

well

You are sick. Doc confirms it

Get scared for nothing!

RIGHT

WRONG-Type I error

Doc missed your real illness!

WRONG-Type II error.

Youre really not sick!

RIGHT

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Type I Error:
A type I error occurs when the null hypothesis (H0) is wrongly rejected.
For example, A type I error would occur if we concluded that the two drugs
produced different effects when in fact there was no difference between them.

Type II Error:
A type II error occurs when the null hypothesis H0, is not rejected when it is in
fact false.
For example: A type II error would occur if it were concluded that the two drugs
produced the same effect, that is, there is no difference between the two drugs on

average, when in fact they produced different ones.

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

To generalize:
Decision
Reject H0
Truth

Don't reject H0

H0

Type I Error

Right Decision

H1

Right Decision

Type II Error

A type I error is often considered to be more serious, and

therefore more important to avoid, than a type II error.

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
R
E
S
E
A
R
C
H
Q
U
E
S
T
I
O
N
S

Summary
Research questions and hypotheses become signposts for explaining the

purpose of the study & guiding the research, Creswell

A hypothesis is an explanation, tentative and unsure of itself, for specific
phenomena about which you have questions.
A well-crafted hypothesis very often suggests the best way to perform the
research and gives you clues as to your research design.
There are different types of hypotheses.

deductive

inductive
Research Hypothesis can either be non-directional or directional. There exists a
hypothesis that is opposite of the positively stated one, i.e. the null hypothesis
Thus to conclude it would be fitting to say hypothesis is perhaps the
most powerful tool, man has invented to achieve dependable
knowledge Fred Kerlinger

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Some of the methods that are included for research formulation

are Where does the problem origination or discovery begin?
Previous Experience Triggered
Interest

Potential problem fields

Criteria of problems and problem statement

Goals & Planning
Search, Explore & Gather the Evidence
Generate creative and logical alternative solutions

Making the educated guess- the

hypothesis!

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Definitions of hypothesis
Hypotheses are single tentative guesses, good hunches assumed for
use in devising theory or planning experiments intended to be given a
direct experimental test when possible. (Eric Rogers, 1966)
A hypothesis is a conjectural statement of the relation between two or
more variables. (Kerlinger, 1956)
Hypothesis is a formal statement that presents the expected
relationship between an independent and dependent variable.(Creswell,
1994)

 A research question is essentially a hypothesis asked in the form of a

question.

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Definitions of hypothesis
It is a tentative prediction about the nature of the relationship between
two or more variables.
A hypothesis can be defined as a tentative explanation of the
research problem, a possible outcome of the research, or an educated
guess about the research outcome. (Sarantakos, 1993: 1991)
Hypotheses are always in declarative sentence form, an they relate,
either generally or specifically , variables to variables.
An hypothesis is a statement or explanation that is suggested by
knowledge or observation but has not, yet, been proved or disproved.
(Macleod Clark J and Hockey L 1981)

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Nature of Hypothesis
The hypothesis is a clear statement of what is intended to be investigated. It
should be specified before research is conducted and openly stated in reporting
the results. This allows to:
Identify the research objectives
Identify the key abstract concepts involved in the research
Identify its relationship to both the problem statement and the literature review

A problem cannot be scientifically solved unless it is reduced to hypothesis

form

 It is a powerful tool of advancement of knowledge, consistent with

existing knowledge and conducive to further enquiry

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Nature of Hypothesis

It can
falsifiable

be

tested

verifiable

Hypotheses
questions

are

not

moral

or

or

ethical

It is neither too specific nor to general

It is a prediction of consequences

It is considered valuable even if proven

false

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS

An Example
Imagine the following situation:
You are a nutritionist working in a zoo, and one of your responsibilities is to develop a
menu plan for the group of monkeys. In order to get all the vitamins they need, the
monkeys have to be given fresh leaves as part of their diet. Choices you consider
include leaves of the following species: (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D and (e) E. You know that in
the wild the monkeys eat mainly B leaves, but you suspect that this could be because
they are safe whilst feeding in B trees, whereas eating any of the other species would
make them vulnerable to predation. You design an experiment to find out which type of
leaf the monkeys actually like best: You offer the monkeys all five types of leaves in
equal quantities, and observe what they eat.
There are many different experimental hypotheses you could formulate for the
monkey study. For example:
When offered all five types of leaves, the monkeys will preferentially feed on B
leaves. This statement satisfies both criteria for experimental hypotheses. It is a
Prediction: It predicts the anticipated outcome of the experiment
Testable: Once you have collected and evaluated your data (i.e. observations of what
the monkeys eat when all five types of leaves are offered), you know whether or not

they ate more B leaves than the other types.

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Incorrect hypotheses would include:

When offered all five types of leaves, the monkeys will preferentially eat the type they like
best.
This statement certainly sounds predictive, but it does not satisfy the second criterion: there
is no way you can test whether it is true once you have the results of your study. Your data
will show you whether the monkeys preferred one type of leaf, but not why they preferred it
(i.e., they like it best). I would, in fact, regard the above statement as an assumption that is
inherent in the design of this experiment, rather than as a hypothesis.
When offered all five types of leaves, the monkeys will preferentially eat B leaves because
they can eat these safely in their natural habitat.
This statement is problematic because its second part ('because they can eat these safely in
their natural habitat') also fails to satisfy the criterion of testability. You can tell whether the
monkeys preferentially eat baobab leaves, but the results of this experiment cannot tell you
why.

In their natural habitat, howler monkeys that feed in B trees are less vulnerable to predation
than monkeys that feed on A, C, D, or E.

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

This is a perfectly good experimental hypothesis, but not for the experiment described
in the question. You could use this hypothesis if you did a study in the wild looking at
how many monkeys get killed by predators whilst feeding on the leaves of A, B etc.
However, for the experimental feeding study in the zoo it is neither a prediction nor
testable.

When offered all five types of leaves, which type will the monkeys eat
preferentially?

This is a question, and questions fail to satisfy criterion #1: They are not
predictive statements. Hence, a question is not a hypothesis.

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Types of Hypotheses

NULL HYPOTHESES
Designated by: H0 or HN
Pronounced as H oh or H-null

ALTERNATIVE

HYPOTHESES
Designated by: H1 or
HA

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

The null hypothesis represents a theory that has been put forward,
either because it is believed to be true or because it is to be used as
a basis for argument, but has not been proved.
Has serious outcome if incorrect decision is made!

The alternative hypothesis is a statement of what a hypothesis test is

set up to establish.

Opposite of Null Hypothesis.

Only reached if H0 is rejected.

 Frequently
researcher!

alternative

is

actual

desired

conclusion

of

the

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

EXAMPLE
In a clinical trial of a new drug, the null hypothesis might be that the
new drug is no better, on average, than the current drug.
We would write H0: there is no difference between the two drugs on
average.
The alternative hypothesis might be that:
the new drug has a different effect, on average, compared to that of
the current drug.
We would write H1: the two drugs have different effects, on average.

the new drug is better, on average, than the current drug.

We would write H1: the new drug is better than the current drug, on
average.

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

We give special consideration to the null hypothesis

This is due to the fact that the null hypothesis relates to the statement being
tested, whereas the alternative hypothesis relates to the statement to be
accepted if / when the null is rejected.
The final conclusion, once the test has been carried out, is always given in
terms of the null hypothesis. We either 'reject H0 in favor of H1' or 'do not reject
H0'; we never conclude 'reject H1', or even 'accept H1'.
If we conclude 'do not reject H0', this does not necessarily mean that the null
hypothesis is true, it only suggests that there is not sufficient evidence against H 0
in favor of H1; rejecting the null hypothesis then, suggests that the alternative
hypothesis may be true.

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Formulating a hypothesis
is important to narrow a question down to one that can reasonably be
studied in a research project.

The formulation of the hypothesis basically varies with the kind of research
project conducted:
QUALITATIVE

QUANTITATIVE

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
ZESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Can also be divided into

Theory
Tentative hypothesis
Pattern

Deductive

Observation

Inductive

Theory
Hypothesis
Observation

Confirmatio

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Qualitative Approach
The use of Research Questions as opposed to objectives or hypothesis, is more
frequent.
Characteristics
Use of words- what or how.
Specify whether the study: discovers, seeks to understand, explores or
describes the experiences.
Use of non-directional wording in the question.
These questions describe, rather than relate variables or compare groups.
The questions are under continual review and reformulation-will evolve and
change during study.
The questions are usually open-ended, without reference to the literature or
theory.

 Use of a single
focus.

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

The rules of Qualitative research

Kleining offers four rules for a scientific and qualitative process of approaching
understanding to reality.
Rule 1 (refers to subject / researcher)
"Prior understandings of the phenomenon to be researched should be seen as provisional
and should be transcended with [the discovery of] new information with which they are
not consistent." (1982: 231)
Rule 2 (refers to the object of study)
"The object is provisional; it is only fully known after the successful completion of the
process of discovery." (1982: 233)
Rule 3 (refers to action in relation to the subject of research, hence to data
collection)
"The object should be approached from "all" sides; rule of the maximum
variation of perspectives." (1982: 234)
Rule 4 (refers to the evaluation of information gathered, hence to data

analysis)
"Analysis of the data for common elements." (1982: 237)

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Quantitative Approach
In survey projects the use of research questions and objectives is
more frequent
In experiments the use of hypotheses are more frequent
Represent

comparison between variables

relationship between variables

Characteristics

The testable proposition to be deduced from theory.

Independent and dependent variables to be separated and measured separately.

To be either writing-questions, or objectives or hypotheses, but not a

combination.

 Consider the alternative forms for writing and make a choice based
on the audience for the research

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Generation of
Research
Hypothesis
Problem statements become
research hypotheses when
constructs are
operationalized

Initial Ideas
(often vague and general)

Initial
observations

Search of existing
research literature

Statement of the problem

Operational definitions
of constructs

Research hypothesis

(a specific
deductive prediction)

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Example:

Consider the example of a simple association between two variables, Y and X.

4. Y and X are associated (or, there is an association between Y and X).

5. Y is related to X (or, Y is dependent on X).
6. As X increases, Y decreases (or, increases in values of X appear to effect reduction
in values of Y).

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

The first hypothesis provides a simple statement of

association between Y and X. Nothing is indicated about the
association that would allow the researcher to determine
which variable, Y or X, would tend to cause the other variable
to change in value.
The second hypothesis is also a simple statement of
association between Y and X, but this time it may be inferred that
values of Y are in some way contingent upon the condition of the
X variable.
The third hypothesis is the most specific of the three. Not
only does it say that Y and X are related and that Y is dependent

on X for its value, but it also reveals something more about the
nature of the association between the two variables.

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Testing & Challenging

The degree of challenge to the hypothesis will depend on the type of problem
and its importance. It can range from just seeking a good enough solution to
a much more rigorous challenge.
The term challenging may include

Verification
Justification
Refutability
Validity
Rectification
Repeatabilit
y
Falsification

There are two possibilities

1. Nothing Happened
2. Something Happened

the Null Hypothesis - Ho

the Alternative Hypothesis H1

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Hypothesis testing is a four-step

procedure:
5.

Stating the hypothesis (Null or Alternative)

6.

Setting the criteria for a decision

7.

Collecting data

8.

Evaluate the Null hypothesis

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Errors in Hypotheses
Two types of mistakes are possible while testing the
hypotheses.
Type I
Type II
Small example:
Your actual health

What doc says

sick
sick

well

well

You are sick. Doc confirms it

Get scared for nothing!

RIGHT

WRONG-Type I error

Doc missed your real illness!

WRONG-Type II error.

Youre really not sick!

RIGHT

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

Type I Error:
A type I error occurs when the null hypothesis (H0) is wrongly rejected.
For example, A type I error would occur if we concluded that the two drugs
produced different effects when in fact there was no difference between them.

Type II Error:
A type II error occurs when the null hypothesis H0, is not rejected when it is in
fact false.
For example: A type II error would occur if it were concluded that the two drugs
produced the same effect, that is, there is no difference between the two drugs on

average, when in fact they produced different ones.

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
RESEARC
H
QUESTIO
NS

To generalize:
Decision
Reject H0
Truth

Don't reject H0

H0

Type I Error

Right Decision

H1

Right Decision

Type II Error

A type I error is often considered to be more serious, and

therefore more important to avoid, than a type II error.

DEVELOPING
HYPOTHESES
&
R
E
S
E
A
R
C
H
Q
U
E
S
T
I
O
N
S

Summary
Research questions and hypotheses become
signposts for explaining the purpose of the study &
guiding the research, Creswell
A hypothesis is an explanation, tentative and unsure of
itself, for specific phenomena about which you have
questions.
A well-crafted hypothesis very often suggests the best
way to perform the research and gives you clues as to
your research design.
There are different types of hypotheses.

deductive

inductive
Research Hypothesis can either be non-directional or
directional. There exists a hypothesis that is opposite of
the positively stated one, i.e. the null hypothesis

Thus to conclude it would be fitting to say

hypothesis is perhaps the most powerful tool,
man has invented to achieve dependable
knowledge Fred Kerlinger

CHAPTER NO 5

ANALYSIS & FINDINGS

 PROJECT ANALYSIS

-DATA ANALYSIS
-FINDINGS & SUGGESTIONS
-PROBLEMS & LIMITATIONS

DATA ANALYSIS

Data Analysis was carried out in Dawnay Day AV Pvt. Ltd. for the subject of
Recruitment and Selection Procedure for the candidates of trainee
in the company.

The data given below is in regard with TRAINEE ONLY.

The analysis consists of two sections;
1] Questions asked to the present employee of the company
II] Questions asked to the present employer of the company

SECTION-I

QUESTIONS ASKED TO THE PRESENT

EMPLOYEE OF THE COMPANY
Q1. What type of interview did you undergo?

Respondents

Total

STRUCTURED (S)

01

100

UNSTRUCTURED (U)

99

100

PANEL (P)

25

100

HR MANAGER (HR)

100

100

OBSERVATION:
A structured recruitment is carried out in company which is a very good
Review from all points.
Panel decisions are put forward in case of any confusion.
FINDINGS:
The procedure of interview was carried out in a very structured
Manner and if any confusion arises the panel use to come together and
Take the proper decision.
SUGGESTIONS:
The decisions taken through panel is a very good policy adopted by
The company and it should be followed through out without biasness.

Q2. Are you satisfied by the pay package offered?

Respondents

Percentage

Yes

49

65

No

26

35

Total

75

100

OBSERVATION
Most of the employees are satisfied with the pay package offered at the
company 2/3rd or 66% of the employees are satisfied while the rest 34% are
not because there was few terms mentioned in the bond before joining.
company must look forward with the terms and conditions and try to change
it if possible.
FINDINGS:
More than 50% of the candidates were satisfied by the pay package,
might be the rest were expecting to be offered more.

SUGGESTIONS:
The company package is quite god enough as per the training purpose,
but as we can say some people never get satisfied so cant help it.

Q3. Are you willing to move UK if you get the opportunity?

Respondents

Percentage

Yes

64

85

No

11

15

Total

75

100

Yes 85%

No 15%

OBSERVATION:
Result is that a few of 15% are not willing to leave their home land where
as 85% employees are willing to as they say thy may get a big
opportunity in their career and will be able o build a bright future.

Company should take care that the rest 15% who are nt willing to
move to us must not be forced to go and some other options must be
kept available for them to develop their great future.

FINDINGS:
Maximum no. Of candidates were wiling to move to us as they found
career opportunity in that, while rest were show unwilling for the
same.
SUGGESTIONS:
The offer given by the company of migrating to us in good in concern
to the further career opportunities of the candidates, but the one who
in not willing to go must be given some other options to enlighten
their career Opportunity.

Q4. Is the job analysis (job description and job specification) done before
recruitment?
Respondents

Percentage

Yes

65

87

No

10

13

Total

75

100

OBSERVATION:
87 % of the employees says that job analysis is done which have mostly
seemed to be come through external sources of recruitment where is rest
was found to be through internal sources.
This type of policy should be avoided in the company the rules
must be to all the employees in the company.

FINDINGS:
Biasness were seen in the company towards the employees came by
referrals or internal sources.

SUGGESTIONS:
Biasness must be avoidable at the point of 100% by the company.

Q5. Do you think this job opportunity will prove beneficial from future
point of view ?

Respondents

Percentage

Yes

64

85

No

11

15

Total

75

100

OBSERVATION:
Some of the employees might have been left out due to some reasons.

FINDINGS:
Maximum no.of candidates were found to be happy with the policy of
us migration after few years.

SUGGESTIONS:
Very few candidates did not find any opportunity in their career
through his job might be due to their different plans in futuer. company must
follow the ideas and grab it if any for the betterment of the company as well
the individual.

Q6. Does all the candidates judged truly and fairly?

Respondents

Percentage

Yes

69

92

No

Total

75

100

OBSERVATION:
As seen above 90% of the candidates were satisfied by the interview
procedure and claimed that there were no biased decision taken by the
interviewer.
As there is always change in the views of every person it is possible
to get different views from different person. although company must show
consciousness in the procedure if any biased ness occurred in their policies
or procedures.

FINDINGS:
Biased decisions were observed at few points in the company.

SUGGESTIONS:
Biasness must be fully avoided for the purpose of goodwill of the
company, for the proper decision making is necessary in the panel.

Q7. How did you come to know about the vacancy?

Respondents

Percentage

ADVERTISEMENTS (AD)

60

88

EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGE
(EE)

INTERNALLY (INT)

ANY OTHER (AO)

OBSERVATION:
80% of candidates come to know about the job through news
papers, so we can say that advertisements were more preferred in
the company.

FINDINGS:
Advertisements were given more emphasized for the attraction of
candidates for he required job.

SUGGESTIONS:
The modes of advertisement should be increased for the purpose of
attracting quality candidates for the required job.

Q8. Is your recruitment procedure centralized or decentralized ?

Respondents

Percentage

CENTRALISED

75

100

DECENTRALISED

00

00

Total

75

100

OBSERVATION:
There is 100% centralized interview technique followed in the company.
Decentralized procedure for interview must be adopted so that
There may convenience to the candidates to get approach towards the
Company.
FINDINGS:
The recruitment and selection procedure was totally centralized
according to the companys policy.

SUGGESTIONS:
Various centers must be made available for the purpose of interview
to avoid inconvenience of the candidates.

Q9. What were the weight age given to the sources by the company ?
SOURCES

Respondents

Percentage

INTERNAL

15

80

EXTERNAL

60

20

Total

75

100

OBSERVATION:
External sources were mostly preferred by the company for recruitment
procedure which was found to be one of most positive attitude of the
procedure.
FINDINGS:
External sources were mostly preferred by the company for
Recruitment procedure which was found to be one of most positive
attitude of the Procedure.
SUGGESTIONAS:
No suggestion required.

Q10. Are the rejected candidates informed?

Respondents

Percentage

Yes

00

00

No

75

100

Total

75

100

OBSERVATION:
From the above fact it is seen that company dont have the policy of
informing the rejected candidates as this must be avoided because it may
reduce the personal inconvenience if any among the candidates applying for
the job.

FINDINGS:
The rejected candidates were not informed about it, the reasons was
Unknown.

SUGGESTIONS:
The policy of informing the rejected candidates must be adopted so
that the candidates do get the feedback from the company and may proceed
through other work.

Q11. What are the external sources of recruitment most preferred by the
candidates?

Respondents

Percentage

INTERNAL (INT)

60

88

EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGE
(EE)

02

NEWSPAPERS (NP)

05

EMPLOYEE REFERALS (ER)

08

CAMPUS RECRUITMENT (CR)

00

TOTAL

75

100

OBSERVATION:
Here we see that campus interviews are not done by the company which is
The most sourceful technique to achieve the objective of hiring the most
Qualified and skilled candidates as per the job recruitment.
So company must adopt the technique of campus recruitment
Which can prove beneficial from companys point of view.

FINDINGS:
Campus recruitment policy were not followed by the company.

SUGGESTIONS:
Company must adopt the policy of campus recruitment for the acquaintance
of quality profiles.

SECTION II

OUESTIONS ASKED TO THE PRESENT

EMPLOYER OF THE COMPANY

Q1. What are post recruitment policies followed by the company?

Response
REFRENCE CHECK

MEDICAL TESTS

SALARY HIKE

BACKGROUND HISTORY

OBSERVATION:
Salary hike was not given any importance for the trinee candidates.

FINDINGS:
The candidates were departed from the procedure of salary like in
the period of training

SUGGESTIONS:
Post recruitment policy of the company is quite good and to
look at the point of salary hike it is quite difficult as the trainees are
offered a fixed package but still according o the performance of the
candidate somethings can be done such as gifts, incentives etc.

Q2. Is the salary negotiation possible?

MANAGEMENT LEVEL

YES

MANAGEMENT
TRAINEE

LOWER
MANAGEMENT

MIDDLE
MANAGEMENT

SENIOR
MANAGEMENT

NO

OBSERVATION:
There were no negation policies found among trainees and it true
to all trainee as they are offered fixed salary package along with all
benefits.
FINDINGS:
There were no negotiation possible in the salary offered to the
training candidates by the company.
SUGGESTIONS:
The point of salary negotiation is negligible to be taken care of as
per the point of view of the trainees.

Q3. Do you have compensation review policy?

MANAGEMENT
LEVEL

YES

MANAGEMENT TRAINEE

NO

LOWER MANAGEMENT

MIDDLE MANAGEMENT

SENIOR MANAGEMENT

OBSERVATION:
Compensation policy must be offered to the trainees.

FINDINGS:
Few compensation policies were offered to the candidates while
departed from major of the things.

SUGGESTIONS:
Compensation policies must be reviewed to the trainees.

Q4. How often is one to one conversation done in the company?

MANAGEMENT
LEVEL

MOST
OFTEN

SOMETIMES

MANAGEMENT TRAINEE

LOWER MANAGEMENT

MIDDLE MANAGEMENT

SENIOR MANAGEMENT

NEVER

OBSERVATION:
The performance must be checked at all levels of employment.
FINDINGS:
One to one conversation were rarely done in the prospect of trainee
candidates which was found to be very depreciating process in the
company.
SUGGESTIONS:
One to one conversation must be often performed as it an help to keep
a check on the trainees and may also give them satisfaction of job by
the two way process.

Q5. What are the components of compensation provided to trainee ?

COMPONENTS

HRA

RESPONSE
YES
NO

LTA

PF

GRATUITY

LOANS

BONUS

CAR / PETOL

ACCOMODATION

CONYEYANCE ALLOWANCE
MEDICAL ALOWANCE

OBSERVATION:
There are many things which are not provided b the company to the
candidates at least the facilities which are necessary to the day to day
living must be provided.
FINDINGS:
Candidates were not given all facilities as per their requirements.
SUGGESTIONS:
Few points are avoidable but as per the trainees view the TA must be
allotted to them and incentives must be provided wherever necessary.

Q6. What are the joining formalities to filled by the selected candidate?

COMPONENTS

CERTIFICATES

RESPONSE
YES
NO

PROOF OF WORK EXPERIENCE

MEDICAL REPORT

PHOTO

REFRENCE LETTER

PAST SALARY SLIP

RESIDENTIAL PROOF

PAN.NO.

BANK A/C NO.

OBSERVATION:
The formalities to filed by the candidates were quite satisfying, but along
with that the checking process of the candidates details were lagging
behind.
Candidates work experience proof must be checked to get the idea of
his/her sincererity towards the job.
As the candidates are offered fixed salary package no need to refer
their past salary slips.

FINDINGS:
Company was lagging behind to judge the candidates from all point of
view.

SUGGESTIONS:
Proper care must be taken to avoid any ill effects to the company, so
proper verification process must be followed by the company.

Q7. Which parameters are preferred in the company during the selection of
the candidate for the required job?

PARAMETERS

EXPERIENCE

RESPONSE
YES
NO

THEORITICAL KNOWLEDGE

AGE CRITERIAL (22-25)

FOCUS ON YOUNG
GENERATION

OBSERVATION:
As we can see here experience candidates were given preference for
the required job.
According to me this must not happen as it may cause
disappointment to fresher as they dont have any experience and fulfilled
with theoretical knowledge.
Another thing is that fresher are adjustable to any kind of job so can
be preferred for job rotation at any critical point.
FINDINGS:
Theoretical knowledge of the candidate were not given any weight age in
the process of selection.
SUGGESTIONS:
Along with the practical knowledge weight age must also be given to
theoretical knowledge as is nay help at the time at crises if any.

CHAPTER NO 6
FINDINGS AND SUGGESTION

FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS

FINDINGS:
SECTION-I
1) The procedure of interview was carried out in a very structured
manner and if any confusion arises the panel use to come together and
take the proper decision.
2) A&B) Most of the candidates were willing to pay the bond money but
few did showed disappointment in the policy, may be due to some
personal problem.
3) 75% polling were against the policy of bond as they said that it
formed a barrier in the selection process.
4) More than 50% of the candidates were satisfied by the pay package,
might to be rest were expecting to be offered more.
5) Maximum no. of candidate were willing to move to us as they found
career opportunity in that, while rest were how unwilling for the same.
6) Biasness were seen in the company towards the employees came by
referrals or internal sources.
7) Maximum no. of candidates were found to be happy with the policy of
us migration after few years.
8) Biased decisions were observed at few points in the company.
9) Advertisements were given more emphasized for the attraction of
candidates for he required job.

10) The recruitment and selection procedure was totally centralized

according to the companys policy.
11) External sources were mostly preferred by the company for
recruitment procedure which was found to be one of most positive
attitude of the procedure.
12) The rejected candidates were not informed about it, the reason was
unknown.
13) Campus recruitment policy were not followed by the company.

SECTION II
1) The candidates were departed from the procedure of salary hike in the
period of training.
2) There were no negotiation possible in the salary offered to the training
candidates by the company.
3) Few compensation policies were offered to the candidates while
departed from major of the things.
4) One to one conversation were rarely done in the prospect of trainee
candidates which was found to be very depreciating process in the
company.
5) Candidates were not given all facilities as per their requirements.

6) Company were lagging behind to judge the candidates from all point
of view.
7) Company failed to provide further educational programme to the
candidates.
8) Theoretical knowledge of the candidates were not given any weight
age in the process of selection.

SUGGESTIONS
SECTION I
1)

The decisions taken through panel is a very good policy adopted by

The company and it should be followed through out without biasness.

2.a&b)As most of the candidates are willing to pay

the bond money,
Some options must be provided by the company for the one who are
Facing any problem to do the same.
3)

Company must give a chance to those students who and skilled and
Are not able to fulfill the clause of bound due to any reasons or
provide a way of concession of installment scheme.

4)

The company package is quite god enough as per the training purpose,
But as we can say some people never get satisfied so cant help it.

5)

The offer given by the company of migrating to us in good in concern

To the further career opportunities of the candidates, but the one who
Is not willing to go must be given other options to enlighten their
Career opportunity.

6)

Biasness must be avoidable at the point of 100% by the company.

7)

Very few candidates did not find any opportunity in their career
Through his job might be due to their different plans in future
Company must follow the ideas and grab it if any for the betterment
Of the company as well the individual.

8)

Biasness must be fully avoided for the purpose of goodwill of the

Company, for that proper decision making is necessary in the panel.

9)

The modes of advertisement should be increased for the purpose of

Attracting quality candidates for the required job.

10)

External source were mostly preferred by the company for

Recruitment procedure which was found to be one most positive
Attitude of the procedure.

11)

The policy informing the rejected candidates must be adopted so

That the candidates do get the feedback from the company and may
Proceed through other work.

12)

Company must adopt the policy of campus recruitment for the

Acquaintance of quality profiles.

SECTION II
1)

Post recruitment policy of the company is quite good and to look at

the point of salary hike it is quite difficult as the trainees are offered a
fixed package but still according to the performance of the candidate
somethings can view of the trainees.

2)

The point of salary negotiation is negligible to be taken care of as per

the point of view of the trainees.

3)

Compensation policies must be reviewed to the trainees.

4)

One to one conversation must be often performed as it an help to keep

a check on the trainees and may also give them satisfaction of job by
the two way process.

5)

Few points are avoidable but as per the trainees view the TA must be
allotted to them and incentives must be provided wherever necessary.

6)

Proper are must be taken to avoid any ill effects to the company, so
proper verification process must be followed by the company.

7)

Care should be taken that the candidates are not kept devoid of their
Education process if required any. Company should take a step
Forward to provide good education facilities to the candidates.

8)

Along with the practical knowledge weight age must also be given to
Theoretical knowledge as is may help at the time at crises if any.

CONCLUSION
After the detailed study of the procedure of Recruitment &
Selection & Induction carried out at Dawnay Day AV Pvt. Ltd., it can be
concluded that the procedure is indeed NOT very effective.
A systematic procedure is followed by the company for
recruitment & selection, but still more effective steps are required to be
applied to select right person for right job. Due to this special recruitment &
selection procedure employee can become more competitive in every field &
rate of labour turnover may also get minimized.
At last I would like to conclude may report by saying that all
possible care should be taken by Survik software limited to make their
workforce efficient & competent to make it face the global competition. As
per my observation it can be said that Dawnay Day AV Pvt. Ltd. policy
regarding recruitment, selection & induction are efficient but lag behind in
few areas in a way which must be improved so that they can recruit the right
person with the required qualifications.

APPENDIX
&
BIBLIOGRAPHY

QUESTIONNAIRE

SECTION-1

QUESTIONS ASKED TO THE PRESENT

EMPLOYEE OF THE COMPANY

Q1.What type of interview did you undergo?

STRUCTURED

PANEL

UNSTRUCTURED
HRROUND

Q2. Are you satisfied by the packages offered?

YES

NO

Q3. Are you willing to move to US if you get the opportunity?

YES

NO

Q4. Is the job analysis (job description and job specification) done
before recruitment?

YES

NO

Q5. Do you think this job opportunity will prove beneficial from
future point of view?

YES

NO

Q6. Does all the candidates judged truly and fairly ?

YES

NO

Q 7. How did you come to know about the vacancy?

YES

NO

Q8. Is your recruitment procedure centralized or decentralized?

YES

NO

Q9. What were the weight age give to the sources by the company?

YES

NO

Q10. Are the rejected candidates informed?

YES

NO

Q11. What are the external sources of recruitment most preferred by

the candidates?

YES

NO

SECTION II

QUESTIONS ASKED TO THE PRESENT

EMPLOYER OF THE COMPANY
Q1. What are the post recruitment policies followed by the company?

Response
REFRENCE CHECK
MEDICAL TESTS
SALARY HIKE
BACKGROUND HISTORY

Q2. Is the salary negotiations possible?

MANAGEMENT
LEVEL
MANAGEMENT
TRAINEE
LOWER
MANAGEMENT
MIDDLE
MANAGEMENT
SENIOR
MANAGEMENT

YES

NO

Q.3 Do you have compensation review policy?

MANAGEMENT
LEVEL

YES

NO

MANAGEMENT TRAINEE
LOWER MANAGEMENT
MIDDLE MANAGEMENT
SENIOR MANAGEMENT

Q.4 How often one to one conversation dose in the company?

MANAGEMENT
LEVEL
MANAGEMENT TRAINEE
LOWER MANAGEMENT
MIDDLE MANAGEMENT
SENIOR MANAGEMENT

MOST
OFTEN

SOMETIMES

NEVER

Q5. What are the components of compensation provided to trainee ?

COMPONENTS
HRA
LTA
PF
GRATUITY
LOANS
BONUS
CAR/PETROL
ACCOMODATION
CONYEYANCE ALLOWANCE
MEDICAL ALOWANCE

RESPONSE
YES
NO

Q6.What are the joining formalities to filled by the selected

candidate?

COMPONENTS

RESPONSE
YES

NO

CERTIFICATES
PROOF OF WORK
EXPERIENCE
MEDICAL REPORT
PHOTO
REFRENCE LETTER
PAST SALARY SLIP
RESIDENTIAL PROOF
PAN. NO.
BANK A/C NO.

Q7. Which parameter are preferred in the company during the

selection of the candidate for the required job?

PARAMETER

RESPONSE
YES

EXPERIENCE
THEROTICAL
KNOWLEDGE
AGE CRITERIA(22-25)
FOCUS ON YOUNG
GENERATION

NO

BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS REFERRED:
BOOK NAME

PUBLISHER

AUTHOR

Human Resource
Management

Tata N C Graw-Hill
published co. ltd.

Ashwathappa

Personnel Management

N C GrawHill publishing co.Ltd

Edwin Flippo

Personnel management

Everest publishing

Diwedi