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    Mass Dampers

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    Eduardo Gp
    Mass dampers, also known as tuned mass dampers or dynamic vibration absorbers, are devices used to reduce unwanted vibrations in structures. They work by adding mass in a way that counteracts input forces from wind or earthquakes. Examples of buildings that use mass dampers include the Centerpoint Tower in Sydney, Citigroup Center in New York, and Taipei 101 in Taiwan. Mass dampers have also been used on bridges, towers, and other structures to reduce motion. Properly tuned and damped, these devices provide significant vibration reduction for the protected structure.

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    Mass Dampers

    Uploaded by

    Eduardo Gp
    96 views7 pages
    Mass dampers, also known as tuned mass dampers or dynamic vibration absorbers, are devices used to reduce unwanted vibrations in structures. They work by adding mass in a way that counteracts input forces from wind or earthquakes. Examples of buildings that use mass dampers include the Centerpoint Tower in Sydney, Citigroup Center in New York, and Taipei 101 in Taiwan. Mass dampers have also been used on bridges, towers, and other structures to reduce motion. Properly tuned and damped, these devices provide significant vibration reduction for the protected structure.

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    Mass dampers, also known as tuned mass dampers or dynamic vibration absorbers, are devices used to reduce unwanted vibrations in structures. They work by adding mass in a way that counteracts input forces from wind or earthquakes. Examples of buildings that use mass dampers include the Centerpoint Tower in Sydney, Citigroup Center in New York, and Taipei 101 in Taiwan. Mass dampers have also been used on bridges, towers, and other structures to reduce motion. Properly tuned and damped, these devices provide significant vibration reduction for the protected structure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    96 views7 pages

    Mass Dampers

    Uploaded by

    Eduardo Gp
    Mass dampers, also known as tuned mass dampers or dynamic vibration absorbers, are devices used to reduce unwanted vibrations in structures. They work by adding mass in a way that counteracts input forces from wind or earthquakes. Examples of buildings that use mass dampers include the Centerpoint Tower in Sydney, Citigroup Center in New York, and Taipei 101 in Taiwan. Mass dampers have also been used on bridges, towers, and other structures to reduce motion. Properly tuned and damped, these devices provide significant vibration reduction for the protected structure.

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    of 7

    III DIPLOMADO INTERNACIONAL EN INGENIERIA SISMICA

    CON SISTEMAS DE PROTECCION

    Mass dampers
    Francisco Lpez Almansa

    Objectives

    Mass dampers (dynamic absorbers, resonant dampers)


    for damping out vibrations of civil engineering
    structures

    Mass dampers for seismic protection of buildings. Francesc Lpez Almansa

    Index
    Concept of mass damping
    Applications

    4
    7

    Centerpoint Tower (Sydney)


    Citigroup Center (New York)
    Taipei 101
    Hankyu Chayamachi Building (Osaka)
    Yokohama Marine Tower
    London Millennium Bridge

    Bibliography
    Companies

    13
    14

    Mass dampers for seismic protection of buildings. Francesc Lpez Almansa

    Concept of mass damping (1)


    Elements connected to a vibrating structure in
    such a way as inertia forces (m ) tend to
    counteract input effect
    Example: Tuned Mass Damper for wind and
    seismic protection of tall buildings; these
    devices are termed Tuned because input,
    building and damper frequencies must be
    close
    Optimal tuning and damping parameters
    should be selected
    To provide significant effect, protecting
    devices need to be massive (big mass) and
    move fast (big acceleration)
    Mass Dampers are also known as Dynamic
    Vibration Absorbers or Resonant
    Dampers

    TMD

    wind

    earthquake

    Mass dampers for seismic protection of buildings. Francesc Lpez Almansa

    Concept of mass damping (2)


    Tall (or slender) buildings or similar structures (steel chimneys, towers for
    suspended and cable-stayed bridges, communication towers, airport control
    towers, masts, sculptures, etc.) under wind gusts or middle intensity earthquakes.
    Vibrations are horizontal (flexural and torsional). Also masts of cable-stayed or
    suspension bridges during construction (prior installation of cables)
    Off-shore platforms. Inputs: wind, earthquakes and waves
    Long-span floor slabs or flexible pedestrian bridges undergoing human generated
    vibrations
    Long-span bridges
    Poles for overhead transmission lines
    Overhead transmission lines undergoing wind-generated oscillations
    Flexible elements (cantilever roofs, etc.)
    Other non-civil engineering uses: vibrating machinery, solar telescopes under
    wind excitation (high shape accuracy is required), space structures (antennae,
    solar arrays and other appendages), mining equipment, robotic manipulator, tanks,
    pipes, ships, engine shafts, helicopter rotor blades, etc.
    Mass dampers for seismic protection of buildings. Francesc Lpez Almansa

    Concept of mass damping (3)

    Tuned Mass Dampers for human-generated vibrations


    People tend to move same frequency: 2 Hz (walking) or up to 4 Hz (dancing or
    playing sports)
    If this frequency (or its multiples) is close to natural frequency of structure,
    there is a big amplification, termed as resonance
    Resonant response has same frequency than input, phase angle is 90
    Resonance requires a sufficient number of cycles (for cumulated
    amplification); final magnification is higher if structural damping is low
    Tuned masses can be incorporated to structure as they vibrate delayed 180
    with respect to excitation (people), thus counteracting its effect

    Mass dampers for seismic protection of buildings. Francesc Lpez Almansa

    Applications. Centerpoint Tower (Sydney) (1)


    First building incorporating TMD (1971)
    Two mass dampers: water tank (up) and
    secondary mass (intermediate). Two modes
    controlled
    Wind response reduces more than

    Mass dampers for seismic protection of buildings. Francesc Lpez Almansa

    Applications. Citigroup Center (New York) (2)


    H = 320 m; TF = 6.25 s
    TMD size = 10 10 2.67 m3; TMD mass
    = 373 t (concrete); Power = 160 HP
    (hydraulic); maximum stroke = 1.5 m
    TMD becomes free-floating by rising on
    frictionless oil film; trigger acceleration =
    0.003 g
    System reduces wind response in both
    directions simultaneously; damping
    increases from 1% to 4%

    Mass dampers for seismic protection of buildings. Francesc Lpez Almansa

    Applications. Taipei 101 (3)


    508 m, 101 stories
    TMD system with largest mass ever
    built, about 660 ton
    Primary purpose of TMD is to reduce
    accelerations caused by wind
    TMD is a ball-shaped mass block, 8
    sets of suspension steel cables, eight
    viscous dampers, bumper ring and 8
    sets of snubber dampers installed
    underneath mass block. Viscous
    dampers absorb energy during strong
    winds. Snubber dampers limit motion
    amplitude during seismic events
    Upper floors accelerations are reduced
    30 to 40%

    Mass dampers for seismic protection of buildings. Francesc Lpez Almansa

    Applications. Hankyu Chayamachi Building (Osaka) (4)


    Applause Tower; height = 160 m; 34 stories
    Heliport is mass damper (480 t; 3.5% of weight)
    Building/heliport fundamental period = 3.8/3.6
    s
    Wind acceleration reduced by more than
    No torsion control

    Mass dampers for seismic protection of buildings. Francesc Lpez Almansa

    10

    Applications. Yokohama Marine Tower (5)


    Light steel building; H = 100 m; TF = 1.82 s
    Tuned Liquid Damper (TLD) containing water
    30 containers at top floor. Water mass is 1.6 t;
    diameter = 60 cm; height = 45 cm (6 layers)
    Reduction of wind vibration about
    Damping factor increases from 0.6% to 4.5%

    Mass dampers for seismic protection of buildings. Francesc Lpez Almansa

    11

    Applications. London Millennium Bridge (6)

    Suspended shallow footbridge (3 spans: 81 + 144 + 108 = 333 m)


    Lateral, torsional and vertical stiffness mainly contributed by the tensioned
    cables; aluminium deck is hinged every 16 m
    First mode: lateral motion (0.5 Hz); high density of people caused unexpected
    sideways bridge motion
    Viscous dampers (Taylor) and TMD (Gerb) to achieve damping > 20%
    Tuned mass dampers: eight horizontal (one to two ton heavy steel plates
    supported by 4 helical springs) and 50 vertical (2.5 t heavy steel blocks
    suspended by pendulums)
    Mass dampers for seismic protection of buildings. Francesc Lpez Almansa

    12

    Bibliography

    Bachmann H.; Ammann W. (1987) Vibrations in Structures IABSE.


    Den Hartog J.P. (1984) Mechanical Vibrations Dover.
    EERC Worldwide Applications of Tuned Mass Dampers Downloadable at
    http://nisee.berkeley.edu/prosys/tuned.html.
    Kareem A., Kijewski T. & Tamura Y. Mitigation of Motions of Tall Buildings with
    Specific Examples of Recent Applications Downloadable at http://www.911strike.com/mitigation_of_motion.pdf.
    Korenev B.G.; Reznikov L.M. (1993) Dynamic Vibration Absorbers. Theory and
    Technical Applications J. Wiley.
    Kwok K.C.S. & B. Samali B. (1995) Performance of tuned mass dampers under wind
    loads Engineering Structures. 17 (9) pp. 655-667.
    Mead D.J. (1998) Passive Vibration Control J. Wiley.
    Nashif A.D.; Jones D.I.; Henderson J.P. (1984) Vibration damping J. Wiley.
    Proc. of 11th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology
    (SmiRT 11), Seismic Isolation and Response Control for Nuclear and Non-Nuclear
    Structures, Tokyo, Japan, 1991.
    Soong T.T.; Dargush G.F. (1997) Passive Energy Dissipation Systems in Structural
    Engineering J. Wiley.
    Warburton G.B. (1982) Optimum Absorber Parameters for Various Combinations of
    Response and Excitation Parameters Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics.
    10 (5) pp. 381-401.
    Mass dampers for seismic protection of buildings. Francesc Lpez Almansa

    13

    Bibliography. Companies

    CSA (www.csaengineering.com)
    FIP Industriale
    Gerb (www.gerb.com)
    Hyundai Heavy Industries
    Kayaba (www.kyb.co.jp)
    Kajima
    Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries (www.ihi.co.jp)
    Maurer (www.maurer-soehne.de)
    Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (www.mhi.co.jp)
    Mitsui
    Motioneering (www.motioneering.ca)
    MTS Systems Corp. Minneapolis
    Sanwa Tekki Corporation
    Scrub Oak Techn. Inc.(www.scruboaktechnologies.com)
    Shimizu
    Takenaka
    Tokkyokiki (www.tokkyokiki.co.jp)
    Yacmo (www.yacmo.co.jp)
    Mass dampers for seismic protection of buildings. Francesc Lpez Almansa. Barcelona

    14

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