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    Pipe Strut Vs Laced Strut - CSP

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    Anonymous hhdd4mOmOh
    This document compares pipe struts and laced struts, and discusses their design, production, use in structural support, and advantages. It provides details on: 1) How pipe struts are produced through electric resistant welding, spiral welding, or pressing, while laced struts consist of chord and lace members; 2) Design considerations for each based on strength and buckling resistance calculations; 3) A section efficiency study showing pipe struts have lower weight than laced struts for longer spans over 15m; 4) Examples of pipe strut connections including free ends, fixed ends, and connectors between mast sections.

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    Pipe Strut Vs Laced Strut - CSP

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    Anonymous hhdd4mOmOh
    957 views39 pages
    This document compares pipe struts and laced struts, and discusses their design, production, use in structural support, and advantages. It provides details on: 1) How pipe struts are produced through electric resistant welding, spiral welding, or pressing, while laced struts consist of chord and lace members; 2) Design considerations for each based on strength and buckling resistance calculations; 3) A section efficiency study showing pipe struts have lower weight than laced struts for longer spans over 15m; 4) Examples of pipe strut connections including free ends, fixed ends, and connectors between mast sections.

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    Pipe Strut vs Laced Strut_CSP

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    This document compares pipe struts and laced struts, and discusses their design, production, use in structural support, and advantages. It provides details on: 1) How pipe struts are produced through electric resistant welding, spiral welding, or pressing, while laced struts consist of chord and lace members; 2) Design considerations for each based on strength and buckling resistance calculations; 3) A section efficiency study showing pipe struts have lower weight than laced struts for longer spans over 15m; 4) Examples of pipe strut connections including free ends, fixed ends, and connectors between mast sections.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    957 views39 pages

    Pipe Strut Vs Laced Strut - CSP

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous hhdd4mOmOh
    This document compares pipe struts and laced struts, and discusses their design, production, use in structural support, and advantages. It provides details on: 1) How pipe struts are produced through electric resistant welding, spiral welding, or pressing, while laced struts consist of chord and lace members; 2) Design considerations for each based on strength and buckling resistance calculations; 3) A section efficiency study showing pipe struts have lower weight than laced struts for longer spans over 15m; 4) Examples of pipe strut connections including free ends, fixed ends, and connectors between mast sections.

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    You are on page 1of 39

    Pipe Strut vs.

    Laced Strut
    Chiew Sing-Ping
    School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
    NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
    9 July 2015

    Pipe Strut vs. Laced Strut

    Pipe Strut

    Laced Strut

    PLAXIS Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis

    Wall (Beam element)

    Strut (Bar element)

    PLAXIS Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis


    Wall deflection profile

    dhmax = 68.9 mm

    Distribution of wall
    bending moments

    Wall max BM = +82.6 kNm/m


    and -107.8 kNm/m

    PLAXIS Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis


    Strut forces

    compression is -ve

    Pipe Strut vs Laced Strut


    Part 1: What is Pipe Strut?
    Production Process: ERW, Spiral, UOE
    Press-Forming & Roll-Forming
    Part 2: Why use Pipe Strut?
    Design of Pipe Strut vs. Laced Strut
    Section Efficiency Study
    Part 3: How to use Pipe Strut?
    Pipe Connectors for Fixed and Free Ends

    What is Pipe Strut?


    How to produce a pipe?
    ROLL-FORMING

    SPIRAL-WELDING

    ELECTRIC-RESISTANT WELDING
    UOE PRESS-FORMING

    ERW Electric Resistant Welding

    UOE Press-Forming

    Spiral Welding

    10

    Why use Pipe Strut?


    Design of pipe strut according to EC3
    1. Section classification
    2. Non-dimensional slenderness Lcr 1
    i 1
    1 93.9 235 f
    y
    3. Buckling curve

    0.21
    0.49

    4. Reduction factor

    hot finished
    cold formed

    2
    0.51 0.2

    Af y
    5. Buckling resistance N
    b , Rd
    M0

    11

    Design of Laced Strut


    2 types of built-up struts

    Laced Strut

    Battened Strut

    Chord

    Lace

    Batten

    Module

    12

    Design of Laced Strut


    z'

    Efficient Laced Strut:


    Izz Iyy

    z y (affected by module length a)

    Strong laced members


    z'

    13

    Design of Laced Strut


    Section properties of laced strut with two identical members
    Effective second moment of area:

    I eff 0.5h0 Ach


    2

    (EC3-1-1,6.4.2.1)

    Ach Area of the chord


    h0 distance between the centroids of chords

    14

    Design of Laced Strut


    I z ' z ' 0.5h0 Ach I yy Ach i y 2
    2

    I z'z'
    I yy

    0.5h0 Ach
    2

    i y Ach

    0.5h0
    iy

    h0
    2
    iy
    radius of gyration about y-axis

    15

    Effect of Global Stiffness


    Buckling modes:
    h0
    2
    iy

    Out-of-plane
    buckling

    h0
    2
    iy

    In-plane
    buckling

    16

    Effect of Module Length a


    Buckling mode with inappropriate module length between
    lacing members:

    Local In-plane
    chord buckling

    17

    Effect of Laced Member


    Buckling modes with weak laced members:
    Laced
    member
    buckling
    Torsional
    buckling

    18

    Section Efficiency Study


    Strut Force

    Strut

    Strut length L

    Strut spacing @ 6m c/c

    Strut force
    (kN/m)

    Strut
    spacing (m)

    Force
    (kN)

    160

    960

    210

    1260

    250

    1500

    290

    1740

    700

    4200

    1000

    6000

    1300

    7800

    2000

    12000

    2300

    13800

    2500

    15000
    19

    Compressive Resistance 6000 kN


    Weight kg/m for pipe and laced struts for various length
    Grade S275
    Strut L
    (m)

    Pipe

    Weight
    (kg/m)

    Strut L
    (m)

    Laced

    Weight
    (kg/m)

    12

    71112

    0.56

    207

    12

    610229UB101

    0.57

    222.6

    15

    76212

    0.65

    222

    15

    610229UB113

    0.7

    248.6

    20

    81312

    0.81

    237

    20

    610229UB125

    0.93

    275.2

    25

    91412

    0.90

    267

    25

    610305UB149

    1.12

    328.2

    30

    96512.7

    1.03

    298

    30

    686254UB170

    1.23

    374.4

    35

    101614.3

    1.14

    352

    35

    838292UB176

    1.22

    387

    40

    106714.3

    1.24

    370

    40

    914305UB201

    1.29

    442

    45

    106716

    1.39

    415

    45

    914305UB224

    1.43

    493

    50

    116816

    1.42

    455

    50

    1016305UB249

    1.48

    548

    55

    121916

    1.49

    475

    55

    1016305UB272

    1.58

    598

    60

    121920

    1.63

    591

    60

    1016305UB314

    1.73

    691

    20

    Compressive Resistance 6000 kN


    800
    700

    Weight (kg/m)

    600
    500
    400

    Pipe
    Laced

    300
    200
    100
    0
    10

    20

    30

    40
    Strut length (m)

    50

    60

    70

    21

    Compressive Resistance 12000 kN


    Weight kg/m for pipe and laced struts for various length
    Grade S275
    Strut
    L (m)

    Pipe

    Weight
    (kg/m)

    Strut
    L (m)

    Laced

    Weight
    (kg/m)

    12

    101616

    0.39

    395

    12

    838292UB194

    0.41

    426.6

    15

    101616

    0.49

    395

    15

    838292UB194

    0.51

    426.6

    20

    101616

    0.65

    395

    20

    914305UB201

    0.65

    442

    25

    116814.3

    0.71

    406

    25

    1016305UB222

    0.76

    488.4

    30

    116816

    0.85

    455

    30

    1016305UB249

    0.89

    547.1

    35

    116819

    0.99

    540

    35

    1016305UB272

    1.01

    599

    40

    121920

    1.09

    591

    40

    1016305UB314

    1.15

    691.5

    45

    1320.819

    1.13

    611

    45

    1016305UB393

    1.29

    864

    50

    1320.822.2

    1.25

    711.6

    50

    1016305UB437

    1.43

    961

    55

    1320.827

    1.39

    860.6

    55

    1016305UB487

    1.56

    1071

    60

    1320.830.2

    1.51

    960.3

    60

    3/1016305UB393

    1.72

    1297

    22

    Compressive Resistance 12000 kN


    1500

    Weight (kg/m)

    1300

    1100
    900

    pipe
    Laced

    700
    500
    300
    10

    20

    30

    40
    Strut length (m)

    50

    60

    70

    23

    Resistance & Slenderness vs. Steel Grade


    Design resistance of strut = 1500kN
    Suitable pipe sections with unit-weight (kg/m) for various
    strut length are given below
    Strut
    L (m)

    Pipe

    323.96

    Weight
    (kg/m)

    Slenderness

    Resistance (kN)

    S275

    S355

    S460

    S275

    S355

    S460

    47

    0.41

    0.47

    0.53

    1564

    1986

    2602

    355.66.3

    54.3

    0.74

    0.84

    0.96

    1570

    1887

    2396

    12

    4067.1

    70.3

    0.98

    1.11

    1.27

    1672

    1864

    2167

    15

    4577.1

    79

    1.09

    1.23

    1.4

    1678

    1821

    2032

    20

    45710

    110

    1.46

    1.66

    1.89

    1503

    1557

    1671

    25

    50812

    147

    1.65

    1.87

    2.13

    1630

    1674

    1775

    30

    50816

    194

    1.99

    2.25

    2.57

    1533

    1560

    1632

    35

    50825

    298

    2.36

    2.68

    3.04

    1708

    1730

    1794

    40

    50832

    376

    2.73

    3.1

    3.53

    1638

    1655

    1707

    24

    Resistance & Slenderness vs. Steel Grade


    When the slenderness is beyond the range of 1.0 - 1.5, the
    high strength steel contributes little to compression
    resistance.
    3000

    4
    S355

    S460

    Slend275

    Slend355

    Slend460

    3.5

    Resistance (kN)

    3
    2000

    2.5

    1500

    Slenderness
    Slenderness

    2500

    S275

    1.5

    1000

    1
    500

    0.5

    0
    0

    10

    15

    20
    25
    Strut length (m)

    30

    35

    40

    45
    25

    Influence of Steel Grade


    Design resistance =1500 kN
    Suitable pipe sections with different steel grade
    Strut L
    (m)

    S275

    S355

    S460

    Pipe

    Weight
    (kg/m)

    Pipe

    Weight
    (kg/m)

    Pipe

    Weight
    (kg/m)

    323.96

    47

    2736

    39.5

    219.16.3

    33

    355.66.3

    54.3

    323.96.3

    49.3

    2738

    52.3

    12

    4068

    78.6

    355.68

    68.6

    355.68

    68.6

    15

    40610

    98

    4068

    78.6

    355.612

    101

    20

    45710

    110

    45710

    110

    40614

    135

    25

    50812

    147

    50812

    147

    45714.2

    155

    30

    50816

    194

    50816

    194

    50816

    194

    35

    50825

    298

    50825

    298

    50825

    298

    40

    50832

    376

    50832

    376

    50832

    376

    26

    Influence of Steel Grade


    400
    350

    S275

    S355

    S460

    weight (kg/m)

    300
    250

    200
    150
    100
    50
    0
    0

    10

    20
    30
    Strut Length (m)

    40

    50

    27

    Advantages of Pipe Strut


    Design of pipe strut is simpler; lesser chance of making
    a mistake
    Smaller diameter pipe strut will not be competitive
    Larger diameter pipe strut can span longer and/or take
    higher strut force without any intermediate restraint
    (i.e. no king post, runner beam or splay; hence, higher
    productivity)

    No clear advantage in using higher grade steel because


    design govern by buckling for long span strut
    28

    How to use Pipe Strut?

    Hydraulic
    Jack

    Free End for manual


    pre-loading

    Mast Section

    Connector

    Fixed End

    Automatic hydraulic
    system

    29

    Example of Free End Type 1


    Common specification: 800*1450 mm
    Adjustable range: 0-30 cm

    30

    Example of Free End Type 1

    Detachable End

    31

    Example of Free End Type 2


    Steel wedge to lock the strut after pre-loading

    32

    Example of Free End Type 3

    33

    Example of Free End Type 3


    Typical connection between Free End and Waler

    Hydraulic Jack

    Steel wedge
    Filling pile

    Steel pipe

    Detachable End

    Bolted connection
    Free End

    Hydraulic Jack
    Waler
    34

    Example of Fixed End


    900mm

    Twin
    Waler

    700mm

    500mm

    300mm 500mm
    35

    Flexible Cone Connectors


    Twin
    Waler
    Stiffener

    Flexible cone
    connector

    36

    Flexible Cone Connectors


    Stiffener

    500mm

    300mm

    37

    Connection between Mast Sections


    Bolted connections and connectors

    Connector

    Bolts

    38

    Concluding Remarks
    Use of laced struts in Singapore is highly developed
    and efficient because of our many years of experience
    of MRT construction.
    For pipe strut to be more competitive and productive, it
    has to space wider and span longer without any
    intermediate restraint.
    This will naturally lead to the use of larger diameter
    pipe struts.
    However, pre-loading and connection design will be
    more challenging.
    Some clever device for manual or automatic pre-loading
    and flexible connectors will have to be developed.

    39

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