Applied Mathematics CMO No.19 s2007

Commission on Higher Education
Policies and Standards for the Undergraduate Mathematics Programs
Section 11 Mathematics Electives....
Section 12 Free Electives ....
Section 13 Thesis or Special Problem ......
Section 14 Recommended Program of Study...
Article VI Course Specifications..
Section 15....
Abstract Algebra I....
Abstract Algebra II.......
10
Actuarial Mathematics I...
12
Actuarial Mathematics II......
13
Advanced Calculus I....
15
Advanced Calculus II...
17
Applied Multivariate Analysis...
18
Automata and Computability Theory ..........
19
Calculus I.....
20
Calculus II........
23
Calculus III.....
24
Complex Analysis.....
26
Computational Complexity... 27
Data Structures and Algorithms........
28
Differential Equations I.... 30

Differential Equations II..
31
Introduction to Partial Differential Equations..
31
Nonlinear Dynamics..... 32
Discrete Mathematics...
33
Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics..
34
Fundamentals of Computing I... 36

Fundamentals of Computing II..... 37
Graph Theory and Applications......
38
Linear Algebra... 39
Linear Models.... 41
Mathematical Modeling.. 42
Mathematical Finance 43
Modern Geometry. 44
Euclidean and Non-Euclidean Geometry.... 44
ii

Projective Geometry... 46
Number Theory..... 47
Numerical Analysis........ 48
Operations Research I.... 50
Operations Research II.. 52
Operations Research III..... 53
Pre-calculus Mathematics I (College Algebra)..... 54
Pre-calculus Mathematics II (Trigonometry).. 56
Probability...... 57
Real Analysis.. 58
Risk Theory... 60
Sampling Theory........ 61
Set Theory ........ 62
Simulation..... 64
Statistical Theory.... 65
Statistics..... 66
Theory of Databases.. 68
Theory of Interest.. 69
Time Series Analysis.. 70
Topology... 72
Article VII General Requirements....
73
Section 16 Program Administration.....
73
Dean of the unit/college......
73
Head of the mathematics unit/department..
73
Section 17 Faculty....
73
Qualification of faculty..... 73
Full time faculty members....
73
Teaching load..
73
Faculty Development... 74
Section 18 Library....
74
Policy... 74
Library staff.....
74
Library holdings...
74
Internet access.....
74
Space requirements..
75
iii

Finance.......
75
Networking.. 75
Accessibility.
75
Office hours..... 75
Section 19 Facilities and Equipment..... 75
Laboratory requirements.. 75
Classroom Requirements...... 75
Education Technology Centers..... 75
Article VIII Admission and Retention Requirements....
76
Section 20 Admissions and Retention..
76
Article IX Transitory, Repealing and Effectivity Provisions.
76
Section 21 Transitory Provision.......
76
Section 22 Repealing Clause.....
76
Section 23 Effectivity Clause.... 76
iv

LIST OF TABLES
No.
Title
Page
Components of the BS Mathematics and BS Applied Mathematics curricula

and their corresponding units....
GE courses and corresponding units.
List of core courses for the BS Mathematics and BS Applied Mathematics

programs...
List of elective courses for the BS Mathematics and BS Applied

Mathematics programs...
Recommended sequence of courses in the BS Mathematics program
Recommended sequence of courses in the BS Applied Mathematics

program

ARTICLE I
INTRODUCTION
Section 1
Mathematics has been referred to as the Queen of the Sciences by Carl Friedrich Gauss, one
of the most brilliant mathematicians of all time. It is a universal discipline with a rich,
diverse and dynamic theory that spans a wide range of applications.
Mathematics was borne out of the need to systematically solve real problems. It
continues to evolve today because the abstractions generated for solving these problems
lead not only to their applications in everyday life but also to further expansions of the
abstractions.
Mathematics can be divided into two branches, pure and applied mathematics. Pure
mathematics involves the study of structures, their components and the relationships
among them. Applied mathematics relates mathematical knowledge to other disciplines.
Consequently, the undergraduate major in mathematics and applied mathematics can be
a vital and engaging part of the preparation for many careers and for a well-informed and
responsive citizenship.
The minimum policies and standards provided herein aims to guide institutions in their
mission of providing the best undergraduate mathematics education possible for their
majors. It seeks to ensure a reasonable level of harmony in mathematics and applied
mathematics programs, covering minimum competency standards, curricular offerings,
course descriptions, library and other resources, and faculty qualifications.
ARTICLE II
AUTHORITY TO OPERATE
Section 2
All private higher education institutions (HEIs) intending to offer the Bachelor of
Science in Mathematics/Applied Mathematics must secure proper authority from the
Commission in accordance with existing rules and regulations. State universities and
colleges (SUCs), and local colleges and universities should likewise strictly adhere to the
provisions stated in these policies and standards.
ARTICLE III
PROGRAM SPECIFICATIONS
Section 3 Degree Names
The degree programs herein shall be called Bachelor of Science in Mathematics and
Bachelor of Science in Applied Mathematics.

Section 4 Program Description

4.1
Nature of the Program
The undergraduate degree program in mathematics or applied mathematics should be a

balance between a holistic general education program and a substantial mathematics or
applied mathematics curriculum.
4.2
Objectives
The Bachelor of Science in Mathematics and Bachelor of Science in Applied

Mathematics programs shall have the following general objectives:
a. To provide the student with a curriculum that represents the breadth and depth of
mathematics, from classical to contemporary, from theoretical to applied. The
curriculum shall enhance the students mathematical and critical thinking skills, and
develop in the student a greater appreciation and understanding of the importance of
mathematics in history and in the modern world.
b. To prepare the student for advanced studies in mathematics, applied mathematics or
related fields;
c. To prepare the student who plans to pursue a career in the academe;
d. To prepare the student for jobs or research work that require analytical-thinking
skills.
4.3
Professions/careers/ occupations or trades.
Graduates of BS Mathematics or BS Applied Mathematics often obtain jobs in

education, statistics, actuarial science, operations research, finance, and information
technology.
Section 5 Allied Programs
Mathematics/applied mathematics is closely related to the fields of statistics, physics,
computer science and (computer, electronics and communications, industrial, electrical,
civil) engineering.
ARTICLE IV
COMPETENCY STANDARDS
Section 6 Competency Standards
Graduates of a BS Mathematics/Applied Mathematics program are expected to:
a. Develop an appreciation of the power of mathematical thinking and achieve a
command of the ideas and techniques in pattern recognition, generalization,
abstraction, critical analysis, problem-solving and rigorous argument;
b. Acquire and develop an enhanced perception of the vitality and importance of
mathematics in the modern world;
c. Apply analytical and critical reasoning skills to express mathematical ideas with clarity
and coherence;
d. Know how to use problem-solving approaches to investigate and understand
mathematical content;
2

e. Formulate and solve problems from both mathematical and everyday situations;
f. Communicate mathematical ideas orally and in writing using clear and precise
language;
g. Make and evaluate mathematical conjectures and arguments and validate their own
mathematical thinking;
h. Determine the truth or falsity of mathematical statements using valid forms of
argument;
i. Appreciate the concept and role of proof and reasoning and demonstrate knowledge
in reading and writing mathematical proofs;
j. Show an understanding of the interrelationships within mathematics; and,
k. Connect mathematics to other disciplines and real-world situations.
ARTICLE V
CURRICULUM
Section 7 Curriculum Description
The curricula for the BS Mathematics and BS Applied Mathematics programs should
both contain at least 67 units of mathematics beyond the G.E. courses, broken down
into 52 units of core courses and 15 units of math or applied math electives.
A BS Mathematics/BS Applied Mathematics program offering a minor or specialization
must include at least 15 units of the suggested electives for the specific area of
specialization. Minors or specializations may include actuarial science, computing,
operations research or statistics. HEIs offering minors or specializations must possess
the necessary faculty resources and facilities.
Since the mathematics departments of different schools will have their particular
strengths and orientation, the elective courses will allow for flexibility and accommodate
the special interests of the various departments.
HEIs may offer mathematics/applied mathematics courses beyond those specified in the
recommended programs, according to their faculty and institutional resources, and
thrusts.
Section 8 Curriculum Outline
The minimum requirements for a Bachelor of Science in Mathematics and a Bachelor of
Science in Applied Mathematics are outlined in Table 1 below.
Table 1. Components of the BS Mathematics and BS Applied Mathematics
curricula and their corresponding units.
PROGRAM
BS Mathematics
COMPONENT
UNITS
General Education Courses

Core Courses
Math Electives
Free Electives
Undergraduate Thesis or Special Problem
Total
51
46*
(15) 18
6
(3)
121

Table 1 continued
BS Applied Mathematics
General Education Courses
Core Courses
Applied Math Electives
Free Electives
Undergraduate Thesis or Special Problem
Total
51
46*
(15) 18
6
(3)
121
* The Precalculus Mathematics I and II courses listed in the core courses form part of the
required 51 units for GEC B (CM 4 series 1997) as GE Mathematics.
HEIs
A
without a thesis/special problem requirement should have an additional 3-unit elective course.
free elective is any course chosen by a student with the approval of the program adviser/s.
Section 9 General Education Courses

The list of GE courses is in Table 2.
Table 2. GE courses and corresponding units.
FIELDS OF
STUDY
1. Language
and
Humanities
SPECIFIC COURSES
UNITS
English
Filipino
Humanities Subjects (e.g. Literature, Art, Philosophy)
6
6
9
21
2. Mathematics,
Natural
Sciences and
Information
Technology
Mathematics
Natural Science
Elective e.g. Information Technology/Natural Science/
Science, Technology and Society (STS)
6
6
3
15
3. Social
Sciences
Consist of subjects such as Political Science, Psychology,

Anthropology, Economics, History and the like, provided
that the following topics are taken up in appropriate
subjects: Taxation and Land Reform, Philippine
Constitution, Family Planning and Population Education.
12
15
Life and Works of Rizal (Mandated Subject)
3
Total
51
Section 10 Core Courses

The following core courses (see Table 3) comprise the minimum requirements of the BS
Mathematics and BS Applied Mathematics programs.
Table 3. List of core courses for the BS Mathematics and BS Applied Mathematics
programs.
PROGRAM
DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
UNITS
BS Mathematics
a. Advanced Calculus I
3
b. Calculus I, II, III *
13 (5,5,3)
c. Differential Equations I
3
d. Fundamentals of Computing I
3
4

e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
Linear Algebra
Precalculus Mathematics I and II
Probability
Statistics
Abstract Algebra I
Complex Analysis
Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics
Modern Geometry
Advanced Course in Analysis/Algebra
Total
3
6 (3,3)
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
52
Advanced Calculus I
Calculus I, II, III*
Differential Equations I
Fundamentals of Computing I and II
Linear Algebra
Precalculus Mathematics I and II
Probability
Statistics
Operations Research I
Discrete Mathematics
Numerical Analysis
Theory of Interest
Total
3
13 (5,5,3)
3
6
3
6 (3,3)
3
3
3
3
3
3
52
* Calculus I, II, III may be offered as a series of courses with a total of 12-15 units provided all the topics in the
recommended syllabi are covered.
Precalculus Mathematics I and II may be offered as a one-semester 5-unit course with the descriptive title: College
Algebra and Trigonometry.
This course may be one of the following: Advanced Calculus II, Real Analysis, Topology, or Abstract Algebra II.
Section 11 Suggested Electives

Electives may be chosen from the recommended list of courses below (see Table 4).
Programs with (without) a thesis/special problem should have at least 15 (18) units of
electives.
Table 4. List of elective courses for the BS Mathematics and BS Applied Mathematics
programs.
PROGRAM
BS Mathematics
DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Abstract Algebra II
Actuarial Mathematics I
Actuarial Mathematics II
Graph Theory and Applications
Differential Equations II
Fundamentals of Computing II
Mathematical Modeling
Number Theory
UNITS
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

PROGRAM
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
t.
DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
Numerical Analysis
Operations Research II
Real Analysis
Set Theory
Topology
Statistical Theory
Theory of Interest
Actuarial Mathematics I
Actuarial Mathematics II
Mathematical Finance
Risk Theory
Applied Multivariate Analysis
Sampling Theory
Statistical Theory
Time Series Analysis
Linear Models
Computational Complexity
Data Structures and Algorithms
Automata and Computability Theory
Theory of Databases
Simulation
Operations Research II
Operations Research III
Mathematical Modeling
Differential Equations II
Fundamental Concepts in Mathematics
Graph Theory and Applications
UNITS
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Section 12 Free Electives

Free electives are any academic courses offered in the HEI chosen by a student in
consultation with the program adviser. They comprise six (6) units of the curricula for
the BS Mathematics and BS Applied Mathematics programs.
Section 13 Thesis or Special Problem
Institutions are encouraged to implement a 3-unit thesis or a 3-unit special problem
requirement. Both the thesis and the special problem options provide opportunities for
students to conduct research on a mathematics topic that builds on areas covered by the
core and elective courses.
The thesis/special problem involves activities that include independent reading from
mathematical literature and other sources, as well as problem solving. The final paper
should contain, organize and present a body of mathematics or a solution to a
mathematical problem in a detailed, coherent and original manner.

Section 14 Recommended Program of Study

Tables 5 and 6 below give the recommended programs of study. HEIs may adhere to
these, or when necessary, modify the sequencing of courses.
Table 5. Recommended sequence of courses in the BS Mathematics program.
(Abbreviations used Lec-Lecture, Lab-Laboratory, GE-General Education, PE-Physical
Education, NSTP-National Service Training Program)
BS MATHEMATICS (121 units)
First Semester
Units
Descriptive Title
Units
Lec
Lab
Total
Descriptive Title
Lec
Lab
Total
Year
Second Semester
I
Precalculus Mathematics I and II 6
GE Course 1
GE Course 2
GE Course 3
PE I
NSTP
Total
Calculus I
Fundamentals of
3
3
Computing I
3
3 GE Course 4
3
3 GE Course 5
2 0 GE Course 6
3 0 PE II
NSTP
15 5 15 Total
3
3
3
2 0
3 0
17 5 17
5
3
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2 0
3
3
3
II
Calculus II
Statistics
Fundamental Concepts of
Mathematics
GE Course 7
PE III
Calculus III
Probability
3
3
Total
Linear Algebra
Elective 1
GE Course 8
PE IV
14 2 14 Total
3
3
3
3
3
3
2 0
15 2 15
Abstract Algebra I
Elective 2
GE Course 9
GE Course 10
Total
3
3
3
3
3
15 0
3
3
3
3
3
15
3
3
3
3
3
15 0
3
3
3
3
3
15
Complex Analysis
Advanced Calculus II*
Elective 4
Free Elective 1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Elective 5
3
Free Elective 2
3
GE Course 14
3
GE Course 15
3
Thesis/Special Problem or
3
3
3
Elective 6
15 0 15 Total
15 0
3
3
3
3
III
Modern Geometry
Advanced Calculus I
Elective 3
GE Course 11
GE Course 12
Total
IV
GE Course 13
Total
*
3
15
This course may be one of the following: Advanced Calculus II, Real Analysis, Topology, or Abstract Algebra II
Note: GE courses in the Languages, Humanities, and Social Sciences (including Life and Works of Rizal).
NSTP and PE courses are not included in the total number of units.

Table 6. Recommended sequence of courses in the BS Applied Mathematics program.

(Abbreviations used: GE-General Education; PE-Physical Education; NSTP-National
Service Training Program)
Second Semester
Descriptive Title
Units
Lec
Lab
Total
Lec
Lab
Total
BS APPLIED MATHEMATICS (121 units)

First Semester
Units
YEAR
Descriptive Title
I
Precalculus Mathematics I and II 6
GE Course 1
GE Course 2
GE Course 3
PE I
NSTP
Total
Calculus I
Fundamentals of
3
3
Computing I
3
3 GE Course 4
3
3 GE Course 5
2 0 GE Course 6
3 0 PE II
NSTP
15 5 15 Total
3
3
3
3
3
3
2 0
3 0
17 5 17
II
Calculus II
Statistics
Fundamentals of Computing II
GE Course 7
PE III
5
3
3
3
5
3
3
3
2 0
Total
Calculus III
Probability
Linear Algebra
Elective 1
GE Course 8
PE IV
14 2 14 Total
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2 0
15 2 15
Elective 2
GE Course 9
GE Course 10
Total
3
3
3
3
3
15 0
3
3
3
3
3
15
3
3
3
3
3
15 0
Theory of Interest
Advanced Calculus I
Elective 4
Free Elective 1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
III
Numerical Analysis
Elective 3
GE Course 11
GE Course 12
Total
3
3
3
3
3
15
IV
GE Course 13
Total
Elective 5
3
Free Elective 2
3
GE Course 14
3
GE Course 15
3
Thesis/Special Problem or
3
3
3
Elective 6
15 0 15 Total
15 0
Note: GE courses in the Languages, Humanities, and Social Sciences (including Life and Works of Rizal).
NSTP and PE courses are not included in the total number of units.
3
3
3
3
3
15

ARTICLE VI
COURSE SPECIFICATIONS
Section 15
The Commission has determined the minimum content of the courses included in the
BS Mathematics/BS Applied Mathematics programs as provided in the course outlines
below.
15.1
ABSTRACT ALGEBRA I
Course Description: This course covers groups, subgroups, cyclic groups, permutation
groups, abelian groups, normal subgroups, quotient groups and homomorphisms and
isomorphism theorems, rings, integral domains, fields, ring homomorphisms, ideals, and
field of quotients.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Preliminaries (Review)
Sets
Equivalence relations
Functions
Binary operations
Division Algorithm in Z (integers) and modular
operations
4 hours
b. Groups
Definition and elementary properties
Group tables
Order of a group
Subgroups
Isomorphism of groups
6 hours
c. Cyclic Groups and Cosets

Definition, Order of an element
Structure of cyclic groups
Cosets
Lagranges Theorem
5 hours
d. Permutation Groups
Permutations, cycles, transpositions
The symmetric and alternating groups
Dihedral group
Cayleys Theorem
4 hours

e. Direct Product and Generating Sets

The direct product
Subgroup generated by a subset
Fundamental theorem of finitely generated abelian
groups
4 hours
f. Quotient Groups and Homomorphisms

Normal subgroup
Quotient group
Homomorphism, kernel, image, basic properties
Isomorphism theorems
6 hours
g. Rings
Definition and basic properties
Subring
The group of units of a ring
Ideal
Quotient ring
6 hours
h. Ring Homomorphisms, Integral Domains, Fields

Basic properties of ring homomorphism
Ring isomorphism theorems
Zero divisors, integral domains
Fields
Field of quotients of an integral domain
7 hours
Suggested texts/references
a. Fraleigh. A First Course in Abstract Algebra
b. Galllian. Contemporary Abstract Algebra
c. Herstein. Abstract Algebra
15.2
ABSTRACT ALGEBRA II
Course Description: This course covers rings of polynomials, fundamental theorem of

field theory, extension fields, algebraic extensions, finite fields, geometric constructions,
fundamental theorem of Galois theory, illustrations of Galois theory.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Abstract Algebra I
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Introduction
Historical background
Solution of quadratic, cubic, quartic equations
b. Rings
Review of basic concepts on rings
Characteristic of a ring
Prime subfield
Prime ideal
10
2 hours
4 hours

Maximal ideal
Principal ideal
c. Rings of Polynomials
Division algorithm in F[x] (F a field)
Ideal structure in F[x]
Divisibility conditions in ideal form
Irreducible polynomials
Tests for irreducibility
6 hours
d. Extension Fields
Fundamental theorem of field theory (Kronecker)
Algebraic and transcendental elements
Irreducible polynomial of an algebraic element
Extension fields as vector spaces
6 hours
e. Finite Fields
Cyclic structure of group of units
Subfield structure
Frobenius automorphism
4 hours
f. Special Extension Fields

Finite extensions
Algebraic extensions
Splitting fields
Algebraically closed fields, algebraic closure
6 hours
g. Geometric Constructions
Constructible numbers
Trisecting an angle, doubling the cube
3 hours
h. Some Important Theorems

Primitive element theorem
Isomorphism extension theorem
3 hours
i.
8 hours
The Fundamental Theorem of Galois Theory

The Galois group
The Galois correspondence (sketch of proof)
Normal extensions
Illustrations of Galois theory: finite fields, cyclotomic
fields
Insolvability of the quintic
Suggested text/references:
a. Fraleigh. A First Course in Abstract Algebra
b. Gallian. Contemporary Abstract Algebra
c. Herstein. Abstract Algebra
Note: Italicized items are optional topics
11

15.3
ACTUARIAL MATHEMATICS I
Course Description: This course covers the mathematical theory of life contingencies
involving single-life functions, mortality, life annuities and insurances, and reserves.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisites: Probability, and Theory of Interest
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Survival Distributions and Life Tables
Probability for age-at-death
o The survival function
o Time-until-death for a person age x
o Curtate-future-lifetimes
Force mortality
Life tables
Deterministic survivorship group
Assumptions for fractional ages
Some analytical laws of mortality
Select and ultimate tables
9 hours
b. Life Insurance
Insurance payable at the moment of death
o Level benefit insurance
o Endowment insurance
o Deferred insurance
o Varying benefit insurance
Insurances payables at the end of the year of death
Relationships between insurances payables at the
moment of death and the end of the year of death
Commutation notations
8 hours
c. Life annuities
Continuous life annuities
Discrete life annuities
Life annuities with monthly payments
Apportionable annuities-due and complete annuities-immediate
8 hours
d. Benefit Premiums
Fully continuous premiums
Fully discrete premiums
True monthly payment premiums
Commutation notations for premiums
Other factors affecting pricing
Cammack-type formula for contract premiums
Apportionable premiums
10 hours
e. Reserves
Loss random variable
Fully continuous benefit reserves
Other formulas for fully continuous benefit reserves
7 hours
12

Fully discrete benefit reserves

Benefit reserves on a semi-continuous basis
Benefit reserves based on true monthly benefit
premiums
Facklers method
Modified reserves (FPT and CRVM)
Benefit reserves on an apportionable or discounted
continuous basis
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Bowers, Gerber, Hickman, Jones, and Nesbitt. Actuarial Mathematics

Gerber. Life Insurance Mathematics
Jordan. Life Contingencies
Larson and Gaumnitz. Life Insurance Mathematics
Veeh. Lecture Notes in Actuarial Mathematics. Available at
http://javeeh.net/lecnotes/actmath.pdf
Note: Italicized items are optional topics
15.4
ACTUARIAL MATHEMATICS II
Course Description: This course covers the following topics: multiple decrement
theory, disability and mortality tables, monetary applications, and introduction to pension
theory.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Actuarial Mathematics I
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Analysis of Benefit Reserves
Benefit reserves for general insurances
Recursion relations for fully discrete benefit reserves
Benefit reserves at fractional durations
Allocation of the risk to insurance years
Differential equations for fully continuous benefit
reserves
6 hours
b. Multiple Life Functions

Joint distributions of future lifetimes
Joint-life status
Last-survivor status
More probabilities and expectations
Dependent lifetime models
o Common shock
o Copulas
Insurance and annuity benefits
o Survival statuses
o Special two-life annuities
o Reversionary annuities
8 hours
13

Evaluation Special mortality assumptions

o Gompertz and Makeham Laws
o Uniform distributions
Simple contingent functions
Evaluation Simple contingent functions
c. Multiple Decrement Models

Distribution of two random variables
Random survivorship group
Deterministic survivorship group
Associated single decrement tables
o Basic relationships
o Central rates of multiple decrement
o Constant force assumption for multiple
decrements
o Uniform distribution assumption for multiple
decrements
o Estimation issues
Construction of a multiple decrement table
8 hours
d. Applications of Multiple Decrement Theory

Actuarial present values and their numerical
evaluations
Benefit premiums and reserves
Withdrawal benefit patterns that can be ignored in
evaluating premiums and reserves
Valuation of pension plans
o Demographic assumptions
o Projecting benefit payment and contribution rates
o Defined benefit plans
o Defined-contribution plans
Disability benefits with individual life insurance
o Disability income benefits
o Waiver-of-premium benefits
o Benefit premiums and reserves
6 hours
e. Insurance Models Including Expenses

Expenses augmented models
o Premiums and reserves
o Accounting
Withdrawal benefits
o Premium and reserves
o Accounting
Types of expenses
Algebraic foundations of accounting: single
decrement model
Asset shares
o Recursion relations
o Accounting
Expenses, reserves and general insurances
8 hours
14

f. Business and Regulatory Considerations

Cash values
Insurance option
o Paid-up insurance
o Extended term
o Automatic premium loans
Premiums and economic considerations
o Natural premiums
o Fund objective
o Rate of return objective
o Risk-based objectives
Experience adjustments
Modified reserve methods
Full preliminary term
Modified preliminary term
Non-level premiums of benefits
o Valuation
o Cash values
6 hours
a. Bowers, Gerber, Hickman, Jones and Nesbitt. Actuarial Mathematics
b. Jordan. Life Contingencies
c. Veeh. Lecture Notes in Actuarial Mathematics. Available at
http://javeeh.net/lecnotes/actmath.pdf
15.5
ADVANCED CALCULUS I
Course Description: Advanced Calculus I is the first of two courses that provides an
introduction to mathematical analysis beyond the calculus series. Topics include the real
number system, point set topology, limits and continuity, the derivatives, multivariable
differential calculus, implicit functions and extremum problems.
Credit: 3 units
Pre-requisite: Calculus III
Topics
Time Allotment
a. R as a Complete Ordered Field
Countable and uncountable sets
2 hours
b. Point Set Topology

Euclidean space Rn
Open and closed sets in Rn
Accumulation points
Bolzano-Weiestrass Theorem
Heine-Borel Theorem
Compactness of Rn
Metric spaces
Compact subsets of a metric space
Boundary of a set
4 hours
15

c. Limits and Continuity

Convergent sequences in a metric space
Cauchy sequences
Complete metric spaces
Limit of a function
Continuous functions
Continuity of composite functions
Examples of continuous functions
Continuity and inverse images of open or closed sets
Functions continuous on compact sets
Topological mappings
Uniform continuity and compact sets
Discontinuities of real-valued functions
Monotonic functions
8 hours
d. Derivatives
Derivatives and continuity
The chain rule
One-sided derivatives
Rolles theorem
The mean-value theorem for derivatives
Taylors formula with remainder
8 hours
e. Multivariable Differential Calculus

The directional derivative
Differential of functions of several variables
Jacobian matrix
The chain rule
Matrix form of chain rule
The mean-value theorem for differentiable functions
A sufficient condition for differentiability
A sufficient condition for equality of mixed partial
derivatives
Taylors formula for functions from Rn to R
12 hours
f. Implicit Functions and Extremum Problems

Functions with nonzero Jacobian determinant
The inverse function theorem
The implicit function theorem
Extrema of real-valued functions of one variable
Extrema of real-valued functions of several variables
9 hours
Suggested text/references
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Apostol. Mathematical Analysis

Rudin. Principles of Mathematical Analysis
Protter and Morrey. A First Course in Real Analysis
Lang. Undergraduate Analysis
Ross. Elementary Analysis: The Theory of Calculus
16

15.6
ADVANCED CALCULUS II
Course Description: This course is a continuation of Advanced Calculus I. Topics

include the convergence of sequences and series of real numbers, sequences and series of
functions, uniform convergence, power series, functions of bounded variation and
rectifiable curves, Riemann-Stieltjes integrals, interchanging of limit operations, multiple
integration, improper integrals, transformations.
Credit: 3 units
Pre-requisite: Advanced Calculus I
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Infinite Series
Limit superior and limit inferior of a sequence of real
numbers
Infinite series
Alternating series
Absolute and conditional convergence
Tests for convergence of series
Dirichlets test and Abels test
Rearrangement of series
Double series and rearrangement theorem for double
series
Multiplication of series
12 hours
b. Riemann-Stieltjes Integral
Functions of bounded variation
Curves and paths
Rectifiable curves and arc length
Definition of Riemann-Stieltjes integral
Sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence
of Riemann-Stieltjes integrals
Differentiation under the integral sign
Interchanging the order of integration
Multiple integrals and improper integrals
9 hours
c. Sequences of Functions
Pointwise convergence of sequences of functions
Uniform convergence and continuity
Uniform convergence of infinite series of functions
Uniform convergence and Riemann-Stieltjes
integration
Uniform convergence and differentiation
Power series
8 hours
d. Greens Theorem for Rectangles and Regions
3 hours
e. Review of Vector Fields
3 hours
f. Surfaces
Surface area
Integrals over curves and surfaces
7 hours
17

Stokes Theorem, Gauss Theorem
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
15.7
Apostol. Mathematical Analysis

Rudin. Principles of Mathematical Analysis
Protter and Morrey. A First Course in Real Analysis
Lang. Undergraduate Analysis
Ross. Elementary Analysis: The Theory of Calculus
APPLIED MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
Course Description: This course is concerned with statistical methods for describing
and analyzing multivariate data. Topics include dependence and interdependence
techniques for data reduction and analysis. In-class lectures and discussions are
supplemented by computer hands-on sessions with statistical software.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisites: Statistical Theory, and Linear Models
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Introduction to Multivariate Analysis
Statistical concepts, vector and matrix operations
Types of multivariate techniques
3 hours
b. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA)

Objectives of MANOVA
Assumptions of ANOVA and MANOVA
Applications of MANOVA
5 hours
c. Multiple Discriminant Analysis and Logistic Regression

Comparison of Discriminant Analysis (DA) and
Logistic Regression with Regressions and MANOVA
Objectives and Assumptions of DA and Logistic
Regression
Applications of DA and Logistic Regression
Alternative Statistical Tools
9 hours
d. Canonical Correlation Analysis

Objectives of canonical correlation
Assumptions of canonical correlation
Limitations of canonical correlation
3 hours
e. Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

Objectives of PCA
Assumptions of PCA
Applications of PCA
6 hours
f. Factor Analysis
Purpose of factor analysis
Factor analysis decision diagram
Naming of factors
9 hours
18

How to select surrogate variables for subsequent

analysis
How to use factor scores
Differentiating principal components analysis and
factor analysis
g. Cluster Analysis
Objectives of cluster analysis
How does cluster analysis work
Types of clustering techniques
Applications of cluster analysis
8 hours
h. Multidimensional Scaling and Correspondence Analysis

a.
b.
c.
d.
Morrison. Multivariate Statistical Methods

Hair, Anderson, Tatham, and Black. Multivariate Data Analysis
Johnson and Wichern. Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Tabunda. Applied Multivariate Analysis
Note: Italicized item is an optional topic.

15.8
AUTOMATA AND COMPUTABILITY THEORY
Course Description: This course covers finite automata and regular expressions,
context-free grammars and pushdown automata, Turing machines, undecidability, and
Gdels Incompleteness Theorem.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Discrete Mathematics
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Finite Automata and Regular Languages
Strings and sets
Finite automata and regular sets
Nondeterministic finite automata
The subset construction
Pattern matching and regular expressions
Regular expressions and finite automata
Kleene algebra and regular expressions
Homomorphisms
Limitation of finite automata
Pumping lemma
DFA state minimization
The Myhill-Nerode Theorem
Two-way finite automata
18 hours
b. Context Free Languages and Push-Down Automata

Context free grammar and languages
10 hours
19

Balanced parentheses
Normal forms
The pumping lemma for CFLs
Pushdown automata
PDAs and CFGs
The Coke-Kasami-Younger algorithms
c. Turing Machines and Computability

Turing machines and effective computability
Equivalent models
Universal machines and diagonalization
6 hours
d. Undecidability
Decidable and undecidable problems
Reduction
Rices theorem
Undecidable problems about CFLs
Gdels Incompleteness Theorem
8 hours
Suggested texts/references:
a. Kozen. Automata and Computability
b. Hopcroft, Motwani and Ullman. Introduction to Automata Theory,
Languages and Computation
15.9
CALCULUS I
Course Description: This course is an introduction to calculus with analytic geometry.

It covers lines, circles, conic sections, special functions, limits, continuity, derivatives and
their applications, differentials, antiderivatives, definite integrals and their applications.
Credit: 5 units
Prerequisite: Precalculus Mathematics II
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Review of the Real Number System as an Ordered Field
Representation on the real line
Inequalities and intervals
Absolute values
3 hours
b. The 2-Dimensional Coordinate System

Graph of equations
Graph of inequalities
Distance between two points and midpoint of a line
segment
3 hours
c. Lines and Circles

Slope of a line
Standard and general equations of a line
Parallel and perpendicular lines
Angle between two lines
8 hours
20

Distance from a point to a line

Equation of a circle in center-radius form
General equation of a circle
d. Conics
Parabola
Ellipse
Hyperbola
6 hours
e. Functions
Domain and range
Special functions (absolute value, step, constant,
linear, quadratic, greatest integer, simple)
Graphs of functions
Operations on functions
4 hours
f. Limits of Functions
Intuitive motivation for limits
Formal definition (epsilon-delta)
Theorems on limits
One-sided limits
Infinite limits and limits at infinity
Asymptotes
8 hours
g. Continuity
Definition
Removable and essential discontinuities
Theorems on continuity
4 hours
h. Derivatives
The tangent line to a curve (slope as instantaneous
rate of change of y with respect to x)
Instantaneous velocity in rectilinear motion
Definition and notations of derivatives
Geometric interpretation of derivatives of a function
Differentiability of a function
Differentiability and continuity
Basic rules on differentiation
The chain rule: composite functions
Implicit differentiation
9 hours
i.
8 hours
Applications of Derivatives
Derivatives as a rate of change
Related rates
Derivatives of higher order
Relative maximum and minimum values of a function
Absolute maximum and minimum values of a
function in a closed interval
Extreme-value problems
Rolles Theorem and the Mean Value Theorem
21

j.
Sketch of the graph of a function

(increasing/decreasing; relative extrema; concavity;
points of inflection)
Differential of a Function
Geometric interpretation
Applications
Differential forms of differentiation formulas
3 hours
k. Antidifferentiation
Formulas
Integration by substitution (chain rule)
Differential equations with separable variables
Applications to rectilinear motions and economics
4 hours
l.
5 hours
The Definite Integral

Approximation of area of a region under the curve of
a function
Summation notation and the Riemann sum
Definition of the definite integral
Properties of the definite integrals
The Mean Value Theorem for Integrals
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
m. Applications of the Definite Integral

Area of a region in a plane
Volume of a solid of revolution
Work
Center of mass of a plane region
Center of mass of a solid of revolution
Length of arc of a plane curve
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Leithold. The Calculus with Analytic Geometry

Purcell. Calculus with Analytic Geometry
Thomas. Calculus with Analytic Geometry
Edwards and Penney. Calculus with Analytic Geometry
Anton. Calculus With Analytic Geometry
Note: Italicized topics may be skipped or postponed for the next course, Calculus II.
22
5 hours

15.10
CALCULUS II
Course Description: This course covers the derivatives and integrals of transcendental
functions, techniques of integration, approximations of definite integrals, polar
coordinate system, vectors, and curves and surfaces in 3-dimensional space.
Credit: 5 units
Prerequisite: Calculus I
Topics
Time Allotment
a. The Natural Logarithmic Function; The Exponential
Function
Properties and graphs
Review of inverse functions
Inverse Function Theorem
Derivatives and integrals
Applications (laws of decay and growth)
8 hours
b. The Circular Functions; Inverse Circular Functions

Properties and graphs
Derivatives and integrals
Applications to problems
6 hours
c. Techniques of Integration
Integration by parts
Integration of powers of trigonometric functions
Integration by trigonometric substitutions
Integration of rational functions by partial functions
Miscellaneous substitutions
10 hours
d. Approximations of Definite Integrals

Trapezoidal rule
Simpsons rule
4 hours
e. Improper Integrals and Indeterminate Forms

Indeterminate forms
Improper integrals with infinite limits of integration
Improper integrals with discontinuous integrands
6 hours
f. Polar Coordinate System

Polar functions
Polar graphs
Slope and tangent lines in polar curves
Area of regions in polar coordinates
8 hours
g. Vectors in the Plane

Properties of vectors
Addition and scalar multiplication
Dot product
Vector-valued functions and parametric equations
Calculus of vector-valued functions
Length of an arc
8 hours
23

Plane motion
The unit tangent vectors, unit normal vectors and arc
length as a parameter
Curvature
h. Vectors in 3-Dimensional Space R3

The 3-dimensional space R3
Vector
Sums, multiplication by a scalar of vectors in space
The dot product
Planes
Lines in R3
The cross product
8 hours
i.
10 hours
Curves and Surfaces in 3-Dimensional Space

Cylinders and surfaces of revolution
Quadric surfaces
Curves in R3
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
15.11

Edwards and Penney. Calculus with Analytic Geometry
CALCULUS III
Course Description: This course covers calculus of functions of several variables,

sequences, infinite series and power series.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Calculus II
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Functions of More Than One Variable
Properties and graphical or geometrical
representations
Limits
Continuity
4 hours
b. Partial Derivatives
Definitions
Differentiability and the total differential
The chain rule
Higher-order partial derivatives
6 hours
c. Geometric Applications of Partial Derivatives in 3Dimensional Space

Directional derivatives and gradients
24
6 hours

Tangent plane and normal to surfaces

Extrema of functions of two variables
Obtaining a function from its gradient
d. Integrals
Line integrals
Path-independence of line integrals
Double integrals
Evaluation of double integrals by iterated integration
Applications to center of mass and moments of
inertia
Double integrals in polar coordinates
Area of a surface
Triple integrals
Triple integrals in cylindrical and spherical
coordinates
10 hours
e. Infinite Series
Sequences
Monotonic bounded sequences
Infinite series of constant terms
Infinite series of positive terms
Tests for convergence/divergence of an infinite series
8 hours
f. Power Series
Region of convergence of a power series
Differentiation of power series
Integration of power series
Taylors formula
Taylors series
Binomial series
8 hours
g. Introduction to differential equations

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

Edwards and Penney.Calculus with Analytic Geometry
Anton, Bivens and Davis. Early Transcendentals
Note: Italicized topic may be added for a 5-unit course
25

15.12
COMPLEX ANALYSIS
Course Description: This course involves a study of the algebra of complex numbers,
analytic functions, elementary complex functions, complex integration, and the residue
theorem and its applications.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Advanced Calculus 1
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Complex Numbers
The algebra of complex numbers
Geometric representation of complex numbers
Polar coordinates
Powers and roots
Stereographic projection
5 hours
b. Analytic Functions
Functions of a complex variable
Limits and continuity
Derivatives and differentiation formulas
Necessary and sufficient conditions for
differentiability
Cauchy-Riemann equations: Cartesian and polar form
Analytic functions
Harmonic functions
7 hours
c. Elementary Complex Functions

The exponential function and its properties
Trigonometric functions and their properties
Hyperbolic functions
Logarithmic functions and their properties
Multiple-valued functions and their branches
Complex exponents
Inverse trigonometric functions
7 hours
d. Mapping of Elementary Functions

Linear functions
The function 1/z
Linear fractional transformations
Special linear fractional transformations
The functions zn
The transformation w = exp z
Successive transformations
6 hours
e. Complex Integration
Contours
Line integrals
The Cauchy-Goursat Theorem
Simply and multiply-connected domains
9 hours
26

The Cauchy integral formulas

Derivatives of functions
Moreras Theorem
Maximum moduli of functions
f. Residues and Poles

Residues and the Residue Theorem
Laurent series
The principal part of a function
Poles
Quotients of analytic functions
Improper integrals
Improper integrals involving trigonometric functions
Integration around a branch point
8 hours
g. Conformal Mapping
a.
b.
c.
d.
Pennisi. Elements of Complex Variables

Churchill, Brown, and Verhey. Complex Variables and Applications
Lang. Complex Analysis
Spiegel. Theory and Problems of Complex Variables

15.13
COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY
Course Description: This course covers fundamental concepts of complexity including

Churchs thesis, recursive and recursively enumerable languages, universal Turing
machines and computability, complexity measures, time and space bounded
computations, P versus NP, NP-completeness, intractability.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Discrete Mathematics, or Automata and Computability Theory
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Mathematical Preliminaries
Sets, relations and functions
Proof techniques
Graphs
Alphabets, words and languages
6 hours
b. Turing Machines
Turing machines (TM)
Computable languages and functions
Techniques for TM construction
Churchs thesis
Turing machines as enumerator
Restricted TMs equivalent to basic model
9 hours
27

c. Undecidability
Recursive and recursively enumerable languages
Universal Turing machines
Rices Theorem
Undecidability of Posts correspondence problem
Valid and invalid computations of TMs
Oracle computations
9 hours
d. Complexity
Definition of computational complexity
Hierarchy theorems
Relations among complexity measures
Properties of general complexity measures
6 hours
e. Complexity classes
Polynomial time and space
Some NP-complete problems
The class co-NP
PSPACE-complete problems
6 hours
f. Intractability
Some provably intractable problems
The P=NP question for TMs with oracles
3 hours
Suggested texts/references:
a. Hopcroft, Motwani and Ullman. Introduction to Automata Theory,
Languages and Computation
b. Bovet and Crescenzi. Introduction to Theory of Complexity
c. Zhou, Du, and Ko. Theory of Computational Complexity
d. Papadimitriou. Computational Complexity
15.14
DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS
Course Description: This course covers the different ways of representing and storing
data, including stacks, queues, trees and graphs. It includes the study of algorithms used
to create, update and access these data structures. Discussions may be done using
pseudocodes, and implementation may use C++ or Java or other languages that support
these structures. In-class lectures and discussions are supplemented by computer handson sessions.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Fundamentals of Computing II
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Introduction
Overview: Data, algorithm and data structures
Analysis of programs and time complexity
3 hours
b. Arrays, Pointers and Lists

Representation of arrays
4 hours
28

Singly- and doubly-linked lists

Circularly-linked lists
c. Linear Data Structures

Stacks
Queues
Implementation of stacks and queues using arrays and
linked lists
Operations on stacks and queues
6 hours
d. Recursion
3 hours
e. Trees
Tree representation
Binary trees
o Binary tree traversal
o Expression trees: prefix, infix, postfix
Search trees
o Binary search trees
o AVL trees
o Operations on binary search trees
M-way search trees
o B-, B*- and B-trees
o Operations on m-way search trees
10 hours
f. Heaps
Heap algorithms
Priority queues
4 hours
g. Sorting
Exchange sort
Selection sort
Insertion sort
Merge sort
Heap sort
7 hours
h. Graphs
Graph representations: adjacency matrix, adjacency
list
Graph operations
Spanning trees
Shortest path algorithms
6 hours
a. Gilberg and Forouzan. Data Structures: A Pseudocode Approach With C++
b. Hubbarb and Huray. Data Structures With Java
c. Horowitz and Sahni. Fundamentals of Data Structures Using Pascal
29

15.15
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS I
Course Description: This is an introductory course in ordinary differential equations

(ODEs). It focuses primarily on techniques for finding explicit solutions to linear ODEs.
Topics include first order ordinary differential equations, linear differential equations,
linear equations with constant coefficients, nonhomogeneous equations, undetermined
coefficients and variation of parameters, linear systems of equations; the existence and
uniqueness of solutions.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Calculus III
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Ordinary Differential Equations of Order One
Existence of solutions
Separation of variables
Homogeneous functions
Equations with homogeneous coefficients
Exact equations
The general solution of a linear equation
6 hours
b. Linear Differential Equations

The general linear equation
Existence and uniqueness theorem
Linear independence of solution
Using the Wronskian to determine linear
independence
General solution of a homogeneous equation
General solution of a nonhomogeneous equation
6 hours
c. Linear Equations with Constant Coefficients

The auxiliary equation (distinct roots, repeated roots
and imaginary roots)
6 hours
d. Nonhomogeneous Equations (Undetermined Coefficients)

Construction of a homogeneous equation from a
specified solution
Solution of a nonhomogeneous equation
o Method of undetermined coefficients
o Solution by inspection
o Variation of parameters
9 hours
e. Linear System of Equations

First-order systems with constant coefficients
Solution of a first-order system
Complex eigenvalues
Repeated eigenvalues
Nonhomogeneous systems
Laplace transform
12 hours
30

a. Rainville and Bedient. Elementary Differential Equations
b. Edwards and Penney. Elementary Differential Equations with Boundary
Value Problems
c. Polking, Boggess, and Arnold. Differential Equations and Boundary Value
Problems
d. Arnold and Polking. Ordinary Differential Equations using Matlab
15.16
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS II
This may either be an introduction to partial differential equations or a course in nonlinear dynamics.
15.16.1 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS II (INTRODUCTION TO PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS)
Course Description: This course covers first-order linear partial differential equations,
initial and boundary conditions, the wave equation, the diffusion (heat) equation,
boundary problems, Fourier series solutions, and Laplaces equation.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisites: Differential Equations I, and Advanced Calculus I
Topics
Time Allotment
a. First Order Linear Partial Differential Equations
Linear homogeneous equations
Methods of characteristics
Linear non-homogeneous equations
Simple physical examples: transport, diffusion and
vibration
Initial and boundary value problems
Well-posed problems
6 hours
b. Second-Order Partial Differential Equations

Hyperbolic, parabolic and elliptic
2 hours
c. The Wave Equation and Diffusion Equation

Wave and diffusion equations on the whole real line
The wave equation: coordinate method and geometric
method of characteristics
Causality and Energy
o Domain of Dependence
o Domain of Influence
o Uniqueness and stability
o Weak Solutions
Maximum principle for the diffusion equation
o Uniqueness and stability of solutions
Derivation of the solution of the diffusion equation
10 hours
31

Comparison of wave and diffusion equations
d. Boundary Problems
Problems on the Half Line
o Diffusion
Dirichlet condition
Neumann condition
o Wave Equation
Dirichlet condition
Neumann condition
Problems on Finite Intervals
o Dirichlet at both ends
o Neumann at both ends
o Dirichlet and Neumann
10 hours
e. Fourier Series
Orthogonality and completeness of Fourier series
Convergence theorems
Eigenfunction expansions
Bessel functions and Legendre functions
6 hours
f. Harmonic Functions
Laplaces equation: examples
Maximum principle: uniqueness and stability of
solutions
Laplace equation on rectangles and cubes
Poissons formula for solutions of boundary value
problems
Laplace equation on circles, wedges and annuli
Greens functions
6 hours
g. Some Physical Examples
2 hours
Suggested textbook/references:
a. Strauss. Partial Differential Equations: An Introduction
b. John. Partial Differential Equations
c. Evan. Partial Differential Equations
Note: Italicized items are optional topics.

15.16.2 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS II (NONLINEAR DYNAMICS)
Course Description: This course includes first-order differential equations and their
bifurcations, one-dimensional maps, logistic map, Lyapunov exponent, universality and
renormalization methods, phase-plane analysis, limit cycles and their bifurcations and
Poincare-Bendixson Theorem.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Differential Equations I
32

Topics
Time Allotment
a. One-dimensional Systems and Elementary
Bifurcations
One-dimensional systems
Fixed points and stability
Saddle-node bifurcation
Transcritical bifurcation
Super-critical pitchfork bifurcation
Sub-critical pitchfork bifurcation
Imperfect bifurcations and catastrophes
Insect outbreak
12 hours
b. One-Dimensional Maps
Fixed points and cobwebs
Logistic map
Chaos and chaotic maps
Lyapunov exponent
Universality and renormalization methods
9 hours
c. Two-Dimensional Systems and Limit Cycles

Linear systems
Classification of linear systems
Jordan canonical forms
Phase plane analysis
Limit cycles and periodic orbits
Poincare-Bendixson Theorem
12 hours
d. Bifurcations in Two-Dimensional Systems

Saddle-node, transcritical and pitchfork bifurcations
Hopf bifurcation
Homo-clinic bifurcation
Center manifold reduction
Poincare maps
12 hours
Suggested references:
a. Strogatz. Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos: with Applications to Physics,
Biology, Chemistry and Engineering.
b. Verhulst. Nonlinear Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems.
c. Wiggins. Introduction to Applied Nonlinear Dynamical Systems and Chaos.
15.17
DISCRETE MATHEMATICS
Course Description: This is a course that covers the fundamentals of logic and sets, the
fundamental principles of counting, algorithms and some concepts in graph theory.
Credit: 3 units
33

Topics
Time Allotment
a. Fundamentals of Logic
Propositions
Logical operators
Rules of replacement
Proofs of validity/invalidity
Quantifiers
Quantification rules
8 hours
b. Sets
Basic concepts
Set operations and algebra of sets
6 hours
c. Fundamental Principles of Counting

Permutations
Combinations
The principle of inclusion-exclusion
Pigeonhole principle
8 hours
d. Generating Functions and Recurrence Relations

Linear homogeneous recurrence relations
Nonhomogeneous recurrence relations
Generating functions
6 hours
e. Algorithms
Basic concepts and notations
The Euclidean algorithm
Recursive algorithms
Complexity of algorithms
Analysis of algorithms
8 hours
f. Introduction to Graph Theory

Basic concepts
Trees
Optimization and matching
8 hours
a.
b.
c.
d.
15.18
Rosen. Discrete Mathematics and Applications

Grimaldi. Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics
Ross. Discrete Mathematics
Johnsonbaugh. Discrete Mathematics
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF MATHEMATICS
Course Description: This course covers sets, principles of logic, methods of proof,
relations, functions, integers, binary operations, complex numbers, matrices and matrix
operations, and an introduction to mathematical systems.
Credit: 3 units
34

Topics
Time Allotment
a. Sets
Basic definitions and notation
Set operations, algebra of sets
Venn diagrams
Counting properties of finite sets
4 hours
b. Principles of Logic
Statements, logical connectives
Validity, truth table
Tautologies
Quantifiers
6 hours
c. Methods of Proof
Direct proof
Indirect proof
Proof by specialization and division into cases
Mathematical induction
8 hours
d. Relations
Definition
Equivalence relations
Equivalence classes and partitioning
Partial ordering
3 hours
e. Functions
Injection, surjection, bijection
Image, inverse image
Inverse function
Cardinal number of a set
Counting principles
8 hours
f. Integers
Divisibility
Division algorithm
Euclidean algorithm
Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
6 hours
g. Binary Operations
Definition
Modular operations
Operations on matrices
Operations on complex numbers
4 hours
h. Introduction to Mathematical Systems

Semigroup
Group
Ring
Field
6 hours
35

Suggested Texts/References
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
15.19
Morash. Bridge to Abstract Mathematics

Gerstein. Introduction to Mathematical Structures and Proofs
Rotman. Journey to Mathematics
Kurtz. Foundations of Abstract Mathematics
Sundstrom. Mathematical Reasoning: Writing and Proofs
Chartrand, Polimeni and Zhang. Mathematical Proofs: A transition to
advanced mathematics
FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTING I
Course Description: This course introduces fundamental programming constructs:

types, control structures, functions, I/O, basic data structures using the C programming
language. In-class lectures and discussions are supplemented by computer hands-on
sessions.
Credit: 3 units
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Introduction to Computer Programming
Basic components of a computer
Overview of programming languages
Number systems and conversions
Overview of command shell
Problem-solving on a computer
4 hours
b. Introduction to C Language
Syntax and semantics
Elements of a C program
Basic I/O: printf, scanf
3 hours
c.
3 hours
Basic Data Types
d. Identifiers, Keywords, Variables, Constants
3 hours
e.
Operators and Precedence

Arithmetic
Boolean
Relational
Increment/Decrement
3 hours
f.
Type Conversions
3 hours
g. Control Structures
Statements and blocks
Conditional: if-else, switch, ternary operator
Looping: while, do-while, for
Others: break, continue
4 hours
h. Functions and Procedures
6 hours
i.
Arrays and Strings
3 hours
j.
Pointers
3 hours
k. User-Defined Data Types
3 hours
36

l.
Manipulating Files
3 hours
m. Searching and Sorting

Linear search
Binary search
Bubble sort
3 hours
a. Kernighan and Ritchie. The C Programming Language
b. Kelly and Pohl. C by Dissection-The Essentials of C Programming
c. Goldstein and Gritz. Hands-on Turbo C
15.20 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTING II

Course Description: This course covers advanced programming concepts and
techniques using Java, C++ or other suitable object-oriented programming languages.
Topics include recursion, abstract data types, advanced path structures, programming
interfaces, object-oriented programming, inheritance, polymorphism, event handling,
exception handling, API programming. In-class lectures and discussions are
supplemented by computer hands-on sessions.
Credit: 3 units
Pre-requisite: Fundamentals of Computing I
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Introduction to Java
2 hours
b. Programming Fundamentals
Comments, statements, blocks, identifiers,
keywords, literals, primitive data types,
variables
Operators (arithmetic, relational, logical,
conditional)
4 hours
c. Control Structures
Decision control structures
Repetition control structures
Branching statements (break, continue, return)
3 hours
d. Java Arrays
2 hour
e. Command Line Arguments
2 hours
f. Working with Java class library

Encapsulation
Classes and objects
Class variables and methods
Casting, converting and comparing objects
4 hours
g. Object-Oriented Programming
Defining your own classes
Overloading methods
Packages
6 hours
37

Access modifiers
h. Inheritance
2 hours
i.
Polymorphism
2 hours
j.
Exceptions and assertions
2 hours
k. Advanced Programming Techniques

Recursion
Abstract data types: stacks, queues, linked lists
Java collections
5 hours
l.
4 hours
Sorting Algorithms
Insertion sort
Selection sort
Merge sort
Quick sort
m. GUI Event Handling
2 hours
n. Threads
2 hours
o. Applets
2 hours
a. Horstmann. Computing Concepts with Java Essentials
b. Deitel and Deitel. Java: How To Program
c. Cornell and Horstmann. Core Java
15.21
GRAPH THEORY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Course Description: This course is an introduction to concepts in graph theory,

networks, graph algorithms and their applications.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Discrete Mathematics
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Graphs
Basic concepts
Paths, cycles, complete graphs, bipartite graphs
Digraphs
Operations on graphs
8 hours
b. Connectivity
Connected graphs
Vertex connectivity and edge connectivity
Blocks
The connector problem
6 hours
c. Covering Circuits and Graph Coloring

Eulerian graphs and digraphs
Hamiltonian graphs and digraphs
10 hours
38

Weighted graphs
The Traveling Salesman Problem
Graph coloring and the chromatic number
Storage problem
d. Trees
Basic properties of trees
Search trees and spanning trees
Shortest paths and Dijkstras Algorithm
Minimal spanning trees
8 hours
e. Networks
Cuts and flows
The Max Cut-Min Flow Theorem
Feasible flows
6 hours
f. Matchings
Matchings and coverings
Perfect matchings
The Assignment Problem
6 hours
a. Bondy and Murty. Graph Theory With Applications
b. Chartrand and Lesniak. Graphs and Digraphs
c. Tucker. Applied Combinatorics
15.22 LINEAR ALGEBRA

Course Description: This course covers matrices, systems of linear equations, vector
spaces, linear independence, linear transformations, determinants, eigenvalues and
eigenvectors, diagonalization, and inner product spaces.
Credit: 3 units
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Matrices over a Field
Definition
Matrix operations and their properties
Transpose of a matrix
Special types of square matrices
4 hours
b. Row/Column Operations
Echelon form of a matrix
Solution of systems of linear equations
Elementary matrices
Row equivalence
Rank of a matrix
Inverse of a matrix
Determinants
6 hours
39

c. Vector Spaces over a Field

Definition and examples
Subspaces, their sum and intersection
Spanning sets, linear combination
6 hours
d. Linear Independence
Definition
Basis and dimension
Isomorphism of vector spaces
5 hours
e. Linear Transformations
Definition and examples
Kernel, range, nullity and rank
Nonsingular linear transformations
Algebra of linear transformations
Matrix of a linear transformation and similarity
7 hours
f. Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues

Characteristic polynomial
Eigenvalues, eigenvectors and eigenspaces
Hamilton-Cayley Theorem
Diagonalization
7 hours
g. Inner Product Spaces

Inner product
Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization
Diagonalization of symmetric matrices
Quadratic forms
6 hours
h. Isometries
Types of isometries
Products of isometries
Application of isometries to the solution of some geometric
problems
a.
b.
c.
d.
Kolman. Elementary Linear Algebra

Finkbeiner. Introduction to Matrices and Linear Transformations
Herstein. Topics in Algebra
Lang. Linear Algebra
40

15.23 LINEAR MODELS

Course Description: This course is concerned with various linear statistical models for
regression, analysis of variance and experimental designs that arise in practice. Topics
include the multivariate normal distribution, quadratic forms, general linear models,
estimation and tests of hypothesis about linear hypotheses and design matrices.
Extensive use of statistical software is made throughout the course.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisites: Probability, Statistics, and Statistical Theory
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Simple Linear Regression
The problem and motivation behind curve fitting
Least squares estimates
Maximum likelihood estimates
Inferences on regression model:
o Inferences concerning the slope parameter
o Inferences concerning the intercept
o Interval estimation of the mean
o Prediction of new observations
Correlation: Inference and relationship to simple
linear regression
12 hours
b. Model Validation
Regression assumptions: Linearity, Independence,
Homoscedasticity, Normality of Errors
Validating error normality with plots
o P-P plots of residuals
o Residual histograms
Further residual analysis
o Outlier detection
o Detecting heteroscedasticity
Transformations
o Transforming nonlinear models to linear models
o Box-Cox transformation
8 hours
c. Multiple Regression
Matrix representation of multiple regression model
Estimation of parameters
Algebraic and geometric interpretations of multiple
regression
Tests and confidence intervals based on the Tdistribution
12 hours
d. Variable Selection and Model Building

Criteria for selecting appropriate models: MSE,
Mallows Cp, adjusted R2, AIC, BIC
Forward selection, backward elimination and stepwise
routines
Detecting multicollinearity
Polynomial regression
6 hours
41

Use of dummy and interaction variables
e. Other Linear Models

Analysis of variance
o Single-factor ANOVA
o Multiple comparisons
o Multifactor ANOVA
Experimental designs
o Randomized block designs
o Latin squares
Analysis of covariance
6 hours
a. Draper and Smith. Applied Regression Analysis.
b. Seber and Lee. Linear Regression Analysis.
c. Montgomery and Peck. Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis
15.24 MATHEMATICAL MODELING

Course Description: The course introduces students to the process of modeling realworld phenomena using the tools of mathematics. In-class lectures and discussions are
supplemented by computer hands-on sessions.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisites: Differential Equations I, Statistics, and Linear Algebra
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Introduction to Modeling
Examples of models
Why we model
3 hours
b. Modeling approaches
Discrete models
Continuous models
Deterministic models
Stochastic models
6 hours
c. The modeling process

Iteration between modeling and model validation
3 hours
d. Modeling with dimensional analysis
6 hours
e. Modeling with ordinary differential equations
9 hours
f. Empirical modeling with data fitting

Using graphs to fit a model to data
Model fitting and extrapolation
Weighted least squares
6 hours
g. Some examples
Population growth
Predator-prey
Enzyme kinetics
9 hours
42

Sun-moon-earth system
1-dimensional heat equation
h. Modeling with partial differential equations

a. Giordano, Weir and Fox. A First Course in Mathematical Modeling
b. Mooney and Swift. A Course in Mathematical Modeling

15.25 MATHEMATICAL FINANCE
Course Description: This course covers the truth in lending act and its applications,
introduction of financial instruments, determinants of the interest rate levels, stochastic
interest rates, option pricing model, Cox-Ross-Rubenstein Model for stock models,
conditional expectation, and European and American options.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Theory of Interest
Topics
Time Allotment
a. The Truth in Lending Act
Real estate mortgages
Approximation methods for finding the APR
Depreciation methods
Short sales
Financial instruments
10 hours
b. Advance Financial Analysis

Determinants of interest rate levels
Recognition of inflation
Reflecting risk and uncertainty
Yield rates
Interest rate assumptions
Duration
Immunization
Matching assets and liabilities
10 hours
c. Stochastic Interest Rates

Independent and dependent rates of interest
The capital asset pricing model
Option pricing model
Single period binomial lattice model
Multi-period option pricing model (CRR model)
10 hours
d. Mathematics of Finance
The Sigma field
Conditional probability and expectation
A stochastic view of the pricing model
12 hours
43

European vanilla options

European exotic options
American options
a. Kellison. Theory of Interest
b. Shreve. Stochastic Calculus for Finance Volume I: The Binomial Asset
Pricing Model
c. Bass. The Basics of Financial Mathematics
15.26 MODERN GEOMETRY

This may either be an introduction to Euclidean and Non-Euclidean Geometry or a
course in Projective Geometry.
15.26.1 MODERN GEOMETRY (EUCLIDEAN AND NON-EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY)
Course Description: The first part of the course focuses on Euclidean and affine
geometry on the plane. The second half may continue with Euclidean geometry on the
sphere; alternatively, an introduction to finite geometries and to the non-Euclidean
hyperbolic and elliptic geometries may be given. This course interrelates and makes use
of tools from Geometry, Linear Algebra and Abstract Algebra.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisites: Linear Algebra, and Abstract Algebra I
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Plane Euclidean Geometry
Review
o Coordinate Plane
o The Vector Space R2
o The Inner-Product Space R2
o The Euclidean Plane E2
Lines
Orthonormal pairs
Equation of a line
Perpendicular lines
Parallel and intersecting lines
Reflections
Congruence and isometries
Symmetry groups
Translations
Rotations
Glide reflections
Structure of the isometry group
Fixed points and fixed lines of isometries
16 hours
b. Affine Transformations in the Euclidean Plane

Affine transformations
8 hours
44

Fixed lines
The 2-dimensional affine group
Fundamental theorem of affine geometry
Affine reflections
Shears
Dilatations
Similarities
Affine symmetries
c. Geometry on the Sphere*

Preliminaries from 3-dimensional Euclidean space
The cross-product
Orthogonal bases
Planes
Incidence geometry of the sphere
The triangle inequality
Parametric representation of lines
Perpendicular lines
Motions of the sphere
Orthogonal transformations of
Eulers theorem
Isometries
Fixed points and fixed lines of isometries
16 hours
d. Finite Geometries*
Introduction to finite geometries
o Axiomatic systems
o Four-line and four point geometries
Finite geometries of Fano and Young
Finite geometries of Pappus and Desargues
Finite geometries as linear spaces
o Near-linear and linear spaces
o Incidence matrices
o Numerical properties
Finite projective planes and projective spaces
Finite affine spaces
8 hours
e. Other Modern Geometries*

Euclids Fifth Postulate
Introduction to hyperbolic geometry
o Fundamental postulate of hyperbolic geometry
o Ideal points and omega triangles
o Quadrilaterals and triangles
Introduction to elliptic geometry
o Characteristic postulate of elliptic geometry
o Quadrilaterals and triangles
8 hours
*Section c may be replaced by sections d and e.

45

a. Ryan. Euclidean and Non-Euclidean Geometry (for sections a, b and c)

b. Wald. Geometry: An Introduction
c. Greenberg. Euclidean and NonEuclidean Geometries: Development &
History
d. Batten, Combinatorics of Finite Geometries (for section d)
e. Smart, Modern Geometries (for section e)

15.26.2 MODERN GEOMETRY (PROJECTIVE GEOMETRY)
Course Description: This course covers projective planes, projectivities, analytic
projective geometry, cross ratio and harmonic sequences, geometric transformations, and
isometries.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Linear Algebra
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Introduction and Historical Background
From Euclidean geometry to non-Euclidean geometry
Some geometries: hyperbolic, elliptic, inversive and
projective
3 hours
b. The Projective Plane

Axioms of the projective plane
Principle of duality
Number of points/lines n a finite projective plane
Applications
5 hours
c. Triangles and Quadrangles

Definitions
Desarguesian plane
Harmonic sequence of points/lines
3 hours
d. Projectivities
Central perspectivity
Projectivity
Fundamental theorem of projective geometry
Theorem of Pappus
5 hours
e. Analytic Projective Geometry

Projective plane determined by a three-dimensional
vector space over a field
Homogeneous coordinates of points/lines
Line determined by two points
Point determined by two lines
Collinearity, concurrency
8 hours
f. Linear Independence of Points/Lines

Definition
3 hours
46

Analytic proof of some theorems like Desargues

Theorem
g. The Real Projective Plane

Ideal points
Ideal line
2 hours
h. Matrix Representation of Projectivities

Derivation of matrix representation
Fundamental theorem of projective geometry
(analytic approach)
6 hours
i.
Geometric Transformations
Affine transformations and the affine plane
Similarity transformation
Homothetic transformation
4 hours
j.
Isometries
Types of isometries
Products of isometries
Application of isometries to the solution of some
geometric problems
6 hours
a. Coxeter and Greitzer. Geometry Revisited
b. Smart. Modern Geometry
c. Hughes and Piper. Projective Planes
15.27 NUMBER THEORY

Course Description: This course covers integers and divisibility, congruences, linear
diophantine equations, residues, number theoretic functions, primitive roots, quadratic
residues, quadratic reciprocity law, and the Legendre symbol.
Credit: 3 units
Topics
Time Allotment
a. The Integers
Basic properties of integers
The Well-Ordering Principle
Divisibility and the division algorithm
3 hours
b. The Greatest Common Divisors and Prime Factorization

The greatest common divisor and the least common
multiple
The Euclidean algorithm
Prime and composite numbers
The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
8 hours
47

c. Congruences
Definitions and properties
Divisibility Tests
Solutions to linear congruences
Linear diophantine equations
The Chinese Remainder Theorem
Wilsons Theorem and Fermats Little Theorem
Eulers Theorem
10 hours
d. Multiplicative Functions
The Euler-phi function (n)
The sum and number of divisors ((n) and (n))
3 hours
e. Primitive Roots
The order of an integer and primitive roots
Existence of primitive roots
Primality tests using primitive roots
6 hours
f. Quadratic Residues and Reciprocity

Quadratic congruences
Quadratic residues and nonresidues
Gauss Lemma
Quadratic reciprocity
The Jacobi Symbol and the Reciprocity Law for Jacobi Symbols
9 hours
g. Applications
Cryptosystems
RSA and public key cryptography
4 hours
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Rosen. Elementary Number Theory and Its Applications

Burton. Elementary Number Theory
Barnett. Elements of Number Theory
Niven and Zuckermann. Introduction to Number Theory
Ore and Oystein. Number Theory and Its History

15.28 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
Course Description: This is an introductory course that covers error analysis, solutions
of linear and nonlinear equations, numerical integration and differentiation, and
numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations. In-class lectures and discussions
are supplemented by computer hands-on sessions.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisites: Differential Equations I, and Linear Algebra
48

Topics
Time Allotment
a. Error Analysis
Floating point numbers
Error
Accuracy
Convergence
Order
7 hours
b. Solutions of Nonlinear Equations

Bracketing methods (bisection, regula falsi)
Fixed point iteration
Newtons method
5 hours
c. Solutions of Linear Systems

Gaussian elimination
LU-decomposition
Gauss-Seidel method
Gauss-Jacobi method
6 hours
d. Numerical Interpolation
Lagrange interpolation
Divided differences
Interpolation at equally spaced points
o Newtons forward and backward differences
o Gauss forward, backward and central formulas
Cubic splines
9 hours
e. Numerical Integration and Differentiation

Newtons formulas
Trapezoidal rule
Simpsons rule
Gaussian integration
Finite differences
8 hours
f. Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations

One-Step methods
o Eulers method
o Taylor series method
o Runge-Kutta method
Multi-step methods
o Adams formulas
o Milnes method
7 hours
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Atkinson. Elementary Numerical Analysis

Gerald and Wheatley. Applied Numerical Analysis
Kreysig. Advanced Engineering Mathematics
Sastry. Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis
Scheid. Theory and Problems of Numerical Analysis
49

15.29 OPERATIONS RESEARCH I

Course Description: This course is an introduction to linear programming. It covers
basic concepts, problem formulation, graphical solution for two-variable problems,
simplex algorithm and other algorithms for special LP problems, duality and sensitivity
analysis. In-class lectures and discussions are supplemented by computer hands-on
sessions.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Linear Algebra
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Overview of Operations Research
Definition of OR
The general optimization problem
o Survey of applications/Intro to some classical LP
models
o The product mix problem
o The diet problem
o The transportation problem
o The fluid bending problem
o The caterers problem
3 hours
b. Linear Programming
Definition of linear programming
Formulation of verbal problems into LPs
Assumptions/Limitations:
o Proportionality
o Additivity
o Divisibility
o Nonnegativity
o Certainty
o Single objective
7 hours
c. Geometry of LP in Two Variables

Graphing of linear inequalities
The feasible region as a convex polyhedral area
Geometric interpretation of convex combination
The extreme points
The objective function as a family of parallel lines
2 hours
d. Review of Linear Algebra

Systems of linear equations
Canonical forms
Basic solutions
Basic feasible solution
Degenerate solutions
Inconsistent systems
Pivoting as a sequence of elementary row operations
or a sequence of algebraic substitutions
2 hours
50

e. Equivalent Formulations of an LP
The use of slacks and surpluses
How to handle variables with no sign restrictions
The symmetric forms
The standard form of an LP
The adjoined form
The canonical forms
The feasible canonical forms
Tableau conventions and notation
Conversion from maximization to minimization
2 hours
f. The Simplex Algorithm

A simple illustration
The Fundamental Theorem of LP and its proof
Details of the algorithm
Possible entrance rules
The exit rule (minimum ratio test)
Test of optimality
Questions of uniqueness
The need for the nondegeneracy assumption
4 hours
g. The Two-Phase Simplex Method

Artificial variables
Phase I as a test of feasibility
Phase I and algebraic redundancy
The Big M method
2 hours
h. Revised Simplex Method
3 hours
i.
Duality in LP
The concept of duality
Dual linear programs in symmetric form
Duality theorems
Solving an LP problem from its dual
3 hours
j.
Sensitivity Analysis
2 hours
k. Parametric Programming
2 hours
l.
4 hours
Integer Programming
m. Special Purpose Algorithms

Transportation problem
Assignment problem
Maximal flow problem
Traveling salesman problem
4 hours
n. Computer Applications
2 hours
a. Taha. Operations Research: An Introduction
b. Gass. Linear Programming (Methods and Applications)
51

c. Gillet. Introduction to Operations Research (A Computer-Oriented

Approach)

15.30 OPERATIONS RESEARCH II
Course Description: The course introduces the students to nonlinear programming and
its applications. Topics include unconstrained/constrained optimization, quadratic and
convex programming, Kuhn-Tucker conditions, gradient search and method of steepest
ascent. In-class lectures and discussions are supplemented by computer hands-on
sessions.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Operations Research I
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Overview of Nonlinear Programming
Definition of nonlinear programming
Applications
3 hours
b. Basic Concepts in NLP

Classical optimization techniques
Partial differentiation
The gradient vector
The Hessian matrix
Quadratic forms
Definite, semidefinite and indefinite matrices
Concave and convex functions
Recognizing saddle points
Differences between linear and quadratic problems
8 hours
c. Unconstrained Multivariate Problems

Concave objective functions, general objective
function
Conjugate gradient methods
Gradient search method
Method of steepest ascent
Fletcher-Powell method
Hooves-Jeeves pattern search
Newton-Raphson method
16 hours
d. Constrained Multivariate Problems

Standard form
Lagrange multipliers
Penalty functions
Kuhn-Tucker conditions
Quadratic programming
Convex programming
16 hours
52

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Avriel. Nonlinear Programming, Analysis and Methods

Hillier and Lieberman. Introduction to Operations Research
Taha. Operations Research: An Introduction
Wagner. Principles of Operations research
Taylor. Management Science
OPERATIONS RESEARCH III

Course Description: The course introduces the students to dynamic programming and
its applications. It includes deterministic and stochastic programming, allocation
problems, inventory problems, forward and backward algorithms, and Markov chains.
In-class lectures and discussions are supplemented by computer hands-on sessions.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Operations Research II
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Overview of Dynamic Programming (DP)
Preliminary concepts and definitions
Applications
6 hours
b. Deterministic DP
Shortest path problems: prototype deterministic DP
o Optimal value
o Optimal decision
Principle of optimality
o Forward algorithm
o Backward algorithm
Features of DP problems
o Stages
o State spaces
o Action/Decision spaces
o Transitions
o Reward/Cost structure
o Objective functionals
Problems with Discrete States and Spaces
o Simple discrete allocation problem
o General nonlinear allocation problem
o Special linear problem: Knapsack problem
o Traveling salesman problem
o Equipment replacement problem
o Periodic review inventory problem
Problems with Continuous/Infinite States and Spaces
o DP and linear programming
o DP and nonlinear programming
Limits of DP
o Curse of dimensionality
15 hours
53

c. Stochastic DP
Path problems
Inventory problems
DP over a Markov chain
15 hours
d. Introduction to queuing theory and simulation
6 hours
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
15.31
Dreyfus and Law. Art and Theory of Dynamic Programming.

Hillier and Lieberman. Introductions to Operations Research
Denardo. DP Models and Applications
Derman. Finite State Markov Decision Processes
White. Finite Dynamic Programming
Beckman. DP of Economic Decisions
Hartley. OR : A Managerial Emphasis
Sasieni, Yapan and Friedman. Methods and Problems in Operations
PRECALCULUS MATHEMATICS I (COLLEGE ALGEBRA)
Course Description: The course covers the real number system, algebraic expressions,
the one- and two- dimensional coordinate systems, functions, equations and inequalities,
word problems, and variation and progressions.
Credit: 3 units
Topics
a. Sets
Definitions and basic notations
Subsets and counting
Operations on sets
Time Allotment
3 hours
b. Number Systems
Counting numbers
Integers
Rational and irrational numbers
Real numbers and their properties
3 hours
c. Algebraic Expressions
Definition of terms
Addition and subtraction of algebraic expressions
Multiplication and division of algebraic expressions
Special Products
Factors and factoring
d. Rational Expressions
Simplification of rational expressions
Addition and subtraction of rational expressions
Multiplication and division of rational expressions
Complex fractions
6 hours
54
4 hours

e. Radicals
Integral and zero exponents
Rational exponents
Simplification of radicals
Addition and subtraction of radicals
Multiplication and division of radicals
4 hours
f. The Coordinate Systems

Order axioms for the real numbers
1-dimensional coordinate system
2-dimensional coordinate system
The distance formula
Definition and formula for slope
3 hours
g. Functions and Relations

Basic definitions
Domain and range
Graphical representation of functions and relations
Definition and graph of linear functions
4 hours
h. Solutions of Equations and Associated Word Problems

Solving linear equations
Solving quadratic equations
Relation between zeroes and coefficients of quadratic
functions
Equations in quadratic form
Equations involving radicals
Theorems on roots of equations (Factor Theorem,
Rational Root Theorem etc.)
Polynomial equations
Systems of two linear equations
Systems of three linear equations
Systems of one linear and one quadratic equation
9 hours
i.
Inequalities
Solving linear inequalities
Solving nonlinear inequalities
Inequalities with absolute values
Graphical solutions of inequalities in two variables
3 hours
j.
The Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

The exponential function
The logarithmic function
3 hours
k. Variations and Progressions

Variation
Arithmetic progression
Geometric progression
3 hours
55

a.
b.
c.
d.
Leithold. College Algebra and Trigonometry

Vance. Modern College Algebra and Trigonometry
Reyes and Marasigan. College Algebra
Rees, Spark and Rees. College Algebra
15.32 PRECALCULUS MATHEMATICS II (TRIGONOMETRY)

Course Description: This course covers circular functions, circular functions identities,
solutions of equations involving circular functions, inverse circular functions, circular
functions of angles, and applications of circular functions.
Credit: 3 units
Corequisite: Precalculus Mathematics I
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Review of Functions
Polynomial functions
Exponential functions
Logarithmic functions
4 hours
b. Angles and Circular Functions

Angles
The unit circle and arc length
The terminal point associated with a real number
Circular functions
The sine and cosine functions
Behavior of the sine and cosine functions
5 hours
c. The Other Four Circular Functions

Definitions
The fundamental circular function identities
Values of the circular functions of special real
numbers
4 hours
d. Formulas Involving Circular Functions

Circular functions of sums and differences of angles
Double angle formulas
Half angle formulas
Conversions of sums and products
General reduction of formulas
6 hours
e. Graphs of the Circular Functions
4 hours
f. Solving Equations Involving Circular Functions
2 hours
g. Inverse Circular Functions

Inverse functions
Inverse circular functions
Operations involving inverse circular functions
5 hours
h. The Law of Sines and the Law of Cosines
3 hours
56

i.
Applications
Solution of oblique triangles
Solution of right triangles
Complex numbers and the geometric use of angles in
complex numbers
Powers and roots of complex numbers (De Moivres
theorem)
9 hours
a. Leithold. College Algebra and Trigonometry
b. Vance. Modern College Algebra and Trigonometry
Note: Precalculus Mathematics I and II may be offered as a one-semester 5-unit

course with the descriptive title: College Algebra and Trigonometry.
15.33 PROBABILITY
Course Description: This is an introductory course in probability covering axiomatic
probability space, discrete and continuous random variables, special distributions,
mathematical expectation, conditional probability and independence, multivariate
distributions, Laws of Large Numbers, and the Central Limit Theorem.
Credit: 3 units
Corequisite: Calculus III
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Probability
Sample spaces and events
Methods of assigning probability
Axiomatic approach to probability
Calculating probabilities
Conditional and independence of events
Bayes rule
b. Random Variables, Distribution Functions
and Expectations
The notion of a random variable
The distribution function
o Definition of a distribution function
Properties of a distribution function
Classification of a random variable
o Discrete random variable
o (Absolutely) continuous random variables
o Other types of random variables
Mathematical expectation
c. Some Special Distributions
Discrete probability distributions
o Discrete uniform distributions
o Bernoulli/binomial distribution
57
6 hours
8 hours
8 hours

o Poisson distribution
o Other special discrete distributions:
hypergeometric, geometric, negative binomial
Continuous probability distribution
o Continuous uniform distribution
o The normal distribution
o Exponential/gamma distribution
o Other special continuous distributions: Beta,
Weibull, Cauchy
d. Functions of Random Variables

Mathematical formulation
Distribution of a function of random variables
o CDF technique
o MGF technique
o Method of transformations
Expectation of functions of random variables
6 hours
e. Joint and Marginal Distributions

The notion of random vector
Joint distribution functions
Marginal distributions
Mathematical expectations
6 hours
f. Conditional Distribution and Stochastic Independence

Conditional distributions
Stochastic independence
Mathematical expectation
6 hours
g. Sampling and Sampling Distributions
4 hours
h. Laws of Large Numbers and Central Limit Theorem
4 hours
a. Ross. A First Course in Probability
b. Hogg, Craig and McKean. Introduction to Mathematical Statistics
c. Mood, Graybill and Boes. Introduction to the Theory of Statistics

15.34 REAL ANALYSIS
Course Description: This course provides an introduction to measure and integration
theory. It develops the theory of Lebesgue measure and integration over the real
numbers. The course covers topics like the real number system, measurable functions,
measurable sets, convergence theorems, integrals of simple and nonnegative measurable
functions, and Lebesgue integral.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Advanced Calculus I
58

Topics
Time Allotment
a. Introduction
Comparison between Lebesgue and Riemann integral
The extended real number system
Infinite limits of sequences
4 hours
b. Measurable functions
Measurable sets
Measurable functions
9 hours
c. Measures
Lebesgue measure
Measure spaces
2 hours
d. Integrals
Simple functions and their integrals
The integral of a non-negative extended real-valued
measurable function
The monotone convergence theorem
Fatous lemma and properties of integrals
9 hours
e. Integrable functions
Integrable real-valued functions
The positivity and linearity of the integral
The Lebesgue dominated convergence theorem
10 hours
f. Modes of convergence
Relations between convergence in mean
Uniform convergence
Almost everywhere convergence
Convergence in measure
Almost uniform convergence
Egoroffs Theorem
Vitali Convergence Theorem
6 hours
g. The Lebesgue spaces Lp

Normed linear spaces
The Lp spaces
Holders inequality
The completeness theorem
The Rieszs representation theorem for Lp
a. Bartle. Elements of Integration and Lebesque Measure
b. Chae and Soo Bong . Lebesgue Integration
c. Royden. Real Analysis
59

15.35 RISK THEORY

Course Description: This course covers economics of insurance and financial
instruments, utility and loss theory, risk formulation, stochastic models, and applications.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Probability
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Introduction
Economics of insurance and financial instruments
Stochastic models
Elements of decision theory
o Loss function
o Expectation and risks
o Decision rules
4 hours
b. Utility and Loss

Utility theory
The utility of money
Loss function
Loss distributions
Credibility theory
6 hours
c. Risk Formulation
Frequentist risks
Bayesian risks
Some applications
7 hours
d. Stochastic Models
Markov process
Independent increment process
Brownian motion
Martingales
ARIMA models
ARCH models
12 hours
e. Applications
Premium calculation, retention and reserves
Dividend policy
Option pricing of financial derivatives
Asset management
Forecasting exchange rates and interest rates
13 hours
a. Berger. Statistical Decision Theory and Bayesian Analysis
b. Dunis. Forecasting Financial Markets: Exchange Rates, Interest Rates and
Asset Management
c. Klugman, et al. Loss Models: From Data to Decisions
60

15.36 SAMPLING THEORY

Course Description: This course provides a discussion of the basic principles behind
probability sampling and estimation. It includes the steps and assumptions undertaken in
conducting sample surveys, as well as a discussion of simple random sampling,
stratification, systematic sampling, cluster and multi-stage sampling, and probability
proportional to size sampling, estimation procedures using these designs, ratio and
regression estimation, sample size estimation as well as variance estimation.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisites: Statistics, and Probability
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Introduction
Brief history of survey research
Examples of surveys in the Philippines
Census versus sample surveys
Basic principles and assumptions in sampling
Probability versus non-probability samples
2 hours
b. Simple Random Sampling

Definition and purpose
Notations
Sample selection
Estimators of means and totals
Variance of estimators
Finite population correction factor
Estimation of means over subpopulations
Sampling proportions and percentages
Sample size estimation
9 hours
c. Systematic Sampling
Definition and purposes of systematic sampling
Notations
Sample selection procedure
Linear systematic sampling
Circular systematic sampling
Variance estimation
Issues on systematic sampling
6 hours
d. Probability Proportional to Size Sampling

Definition and purposes of PPS sampling
Notations
3 hours
e. Stratified Sampling
Definition and purpose of stratified sampling
Notations
Mean and variance estimators and their properties
Allocation of sample size into strata
8 hours
61

o Equal allocation
o Proportional allocation
o Optimum allocation
Construction of strata
Relative precision over simple random sample
Sample size estimation
f. Cluster Sampling and Multistage Sampling

Definition and purpose of cluster sampling
Notations
Two stage sampling
Three stage sampling
Unequal cluster sampling
8 hours
g. Ratio and Regression Estimators

Ratio estimator and its properties
Regression estimator and its properties
Ratio and regression estimators in large samples
Sample sizes
Interval estimates
Ratio and regression estimators in stratified sampling
Ratio and regression estimators in two-stage sampling
6 hours
a. Cochran. Sampling Techniques
b. Kish. Survey Sampling
c. Barnett. Sample Survey Principles and Methods
d. Groves, et al. Survey Methodology
e. Lohr. Sampling:Design and Analysis
15.37 SET THEORY

Course Description: The course covers the Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms of set theory,
algebra of sets, relations and functions, natural numbers, cardinal numbers, Axiom of
Choice, and ordinals.
Credit: 3 units
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Review of Logic
Sentencial connectives
Truth tables
Tautologies
3 hours
b. Cantors Algebra of Classes

Class construction axiom
Class operations
Russels Paradox
3 hours
62

c. Zermelo-Fraenkel Axioms
Existence
Extent
Specification
Separation
Empty set
Pairing
Union
Power set
6 hours
d. Algebra of Sets
Union, intersection, relative complement
Theorems on sets
Indexed families of sets
Axiom of replacement
Cartesian products
3 hours
e. Relations and Functions

Relations
o Domain, range
o Equivalence relations
o Partitions
Functions
o Injection, surjection, bijection
o Inclusion, restriction maps
o Inverse of a function
o Characteristic functions
8 hours
f. Natural Numbers
Successors, inductive sets, induction principle
Axiom of infinity and successor sets
Peanos axioms
Transitive sets
Recursion Theorem
Arithmetic of natural numbers
Ordering on natural numbers
6 hours
g. Cardinal Numbers
Equinumerosity
Finite, infinite, countable and uncountable sets
Arithmetic of cardinal numbers
Ordering of cardinal numbers
5 hours
h. Axiom of Choice
Continuum hypothesis
2 hours
i.
Construction of the Real Numbers

Integers
Rational numbers
Real numbers
3 hours
j.
Ordering and Ordinals
4 hours
63

Partial ordering and well ordering

Replacement axioms
Ordinal numbers
Transfinite induction
a.
b.
c.
d.
Halmos. Naive Set Theory

Suppes. Axiomatic Set Theory
Enderton. Elements of Set Theory
Leung and Chen. Elementary Set Theory (Parts I and II)
15.38 SIMULATION
Course Description: The course discusses basic discrete event simulation, input and
output analysis of simulations, and simulation development via programming in a
programming language. Simulation of queuing systems is emphasized. Topics include
probabilistic aspects of simulation experiments, statistical methodology for designing
simulations and interpreting their output, random process generation, and efficiency
improvement techniques. In-class lectures and discussions are supplemented by
computer hands-on sessions.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisites: Statistics, Probability, and Fundamentals of Computing I
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Review of Probability and Random Variables
Sample space and events
Probability axioms
Conditional probability and independence
(Discrete and Continuous) Random variables, mean,
and variance
Conditional distributions
4 hrs
b. Random Numbers
Pseudo random number generation: Linear
congruential method
Examples of simulation applications: Monte Carlo
integration, queueing systems
5 hrs
c. Generating Discrete Random Numbers

Inverse transform method
Acceptance rejection technique
Composition approach
Generating Poisson and binomial random variables
6 hrs
d. Generating Continuous Random Numbers

Inverse transform
Rejection technique
Generating normal random variables
Generating Poisson process
6 hrs
64

Generating a nonhomogenous poisson process
e. Discrete Event Simulation

Simulation via discrete events
Single server queues
More complicated queues
9 hrs
f. Variance Reduction Techniques

Use of antithetic variables
Use of control variates
Stratified sampling
Importance sampling
9 hrs
g. Analysis of Simulated Data

Sample mean and sample variance
Confidence interval for the mean
Bootstrapping for estimating mean squared errors
Goodness of fit
6 hrs
h. Markov Chain, Monte Carlo

a. Ross. Simulation
b. Law and Kelton. Simulation Modeling and Analysis

15.39 STATISTICAL THEORY
Course Description: This course focuses on the basic theory of statistical inference. It
covers basic random sampling, sampling distributions, point and interval estimation, and
hypothesis testing.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisites: Statistics, and Probability
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Sampling and Sampling Distributions
Elementary sampling theory
Results derived from the normal distribution
o Chi-square distribution
o F distribution
o Students T distribution
Asymptotics
o Laws of Large Numbers
o Central Limit Theorem
6 hours
b. Point Estimation Preliminaries

Desirable properties of estimators
Sufficiency
o Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann Scheffe Theorems
o Cramer-Rao Inequality
9 hours
65

Exponential family of distributions
c. Methods of Estimation
Method of moments
Maximum likelihood
Solving nonlinear likelihood equations
o Fisher scoring
o EM algorithm
Bayes estimator
15 hours
d. Interval Estimation
Definition of confidence intervals
Applications
2 hours
e. Hypothesis Testing
Preliminaries
Neyman Pearson Lemma and the Most Powerful Test
Generalized Likelihood Ratio Tests
Confidence intervals and hypothesis tests
12 hours
a. Hogg, Craig and McKean. Introduction to Mathematical Statistics
b. Mood, Graybill and Boes. Introduction to the Theory of Statistics.

15.40 STATISTICS
Course Description: This course is an introduction to statistics and data analysis. It
covers the following: reasons for doing Statistics, collection, summarization and
presentation of data, basic concepts in probability, point and interval estimation, and
hypothesis testing.
Credit: 3 units
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Introduction
Description and history of statistical science
Population and sample
2 hours
b. Collection and Presentation of Data

Preliminaries
Methods of data collection
Probability and non-probability sampling
Tabular and graphical presentations
o The frequency distribution
o The stem-and-leaf display
o Cross tabulations
o Histograms
3 hours
c. Measures of Central Tendency and Location

Notations and symbols
2 hours
66

The arithmetic mean

The median
The mode
Measures of location (Fractiles)
d. Measures of Dispersion and Skewness

Measures of absolute dispersion
Measures of relative dispersion
Measures of skewness
The Boxplot
2 hours
e. Probability
Random experiments, sample spaces, events
Properties of probability
3 hours
f. Probability Distribution
Concept of random variable
Discrete and continuous probability distributions
Expected values
The normal distribution
Other common distribution
5 hours
g. Sampling Distributions
3 hours
h. Estimation
Basic concepts of estimation
Estimating the mean
Estimating the difference of two population means
Estimating proportions
Estimating the difference of two proportions
Sample size determination
6 hours
i.
Tests of Hypothesis
Basic concepts of statistical hypothesis testing
Testing a hypothesis on the population mean
Testing the difference of two population means
Testing a hypothesis on proportions
Testing the difference between to proportions
Test of independence
8 hours
j.
Regression and Correlation

Correlation coefficient
Testing the correlation coefficient
Simple linear regression
8 hours
k. Analysis of Variance
3 hours
67

a. Walpole. Introduction to Statistics
b. Freedman, Pisani and Purves. Statistics
c. Devore. Probability and Statistics
15.41
THEORY OF DATABASES
Course Description: This course provides an introduction to database analysis, design

and implementation techniques and includes the following topics: data organization,
relational algebra, functional dependencies, normalization and query optimization. Inclass lectures and discussions are supplemented by computer hands-on sessions.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Data Structures and Algorithms
Topics
a. Introduction to File Structures
File organization and file access
Storage devices
Indexing mechanisms
File compression
Time Allotment
3 hours
b. Introduction to Database Systems

Database systems architecture
System development life cycle
3 hours
c. Data Modeling: Entity-Relationship Model
3 hours
d. Relational Database Model

Relational database management system
Relational data objects
Relational data integrity (DDL level)
3 hours
e. Database Design
Functional dependencies
Normalization
3 hours
f. Relational Algebra
3 hours
g. Relational Calculus
Tuple-oriented and domain oriented
3 hours
h. SQL
DDL: creating a database, creating tables
DQL: retrieval, restricting and sorting, subqueries
DML: insert, update, delete
9 hours
i.
9 hours
Database Administration
Data protection
Backup and recovery
Security
68

j.
Integrity
Survey of RDBMS
3 hours
a. Date. An Introdution to Database Systems
b. Ramez and Shamkant. Fundamentals of Database Systems
c. Korth and Silberschatz. Database System Concepts
15.42 THEORY OF INTEREST

Course Description: This course covers measures of interest, present and future values,
equations of value, annuity-certains, general annuity certains, yield rates, extinction of
debts, and bonds and securities.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Calculus I
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Measures of Interest
Accumulation and amount functions
Effective rate of interest
Simple and compound interest
Present and future values
Nominal rates of interest and discount
Force of interest
6 hours
b. Equations of Value
Present and future values equation
Current value equation
Unknown time
Unknown interest
4 hours
c. Annuity-Certains
Annuity immediate
Annuity due
6 hours
d. General Annuities
Annuities payable less frequently than interest is
convertible
Annuities payable more frequently than interest is
convertible
Continuous annuities
Basic varying identities
More general varying identities
6 hours
e. Yield Rates
Discounted cash flow analysis
Definition of yield rates
Uniqueness of the yield rate
Reinvestment rates
6 hours
69

Interest measurement of a fund

Dollar-weighted rate of interest for a single period
Time-weighted rates of interest
Portfolio methods
Investment year methods
f. Extinction of Debts
Loan Extinction
Computation of the outstanding balance
Amortization method
Sinking fund method
Generalization of the amortization and sinking fund
methods
6 hours
g. Bonds and Securities

Basic financial securities
Bonds and stocks
Price of a bond (the FRANK formula)
Other formulas for the bond
Premium and discount
Valuation between coupon payment dates
Determination of yield rates and the Bond Salesmans
Formula
Callable bonds
Serial bonds and stocks
8 hours
a. Hart. Mathematics of Investment
b. Kellison. The Theory of Interest
c. Shao and Shao. Mathematics for Management and Finance
15.43 TIME SERIES ANALYSIS

Course Description: This course deals with different methods of forecasting stationary
and non-stationary time series data. The theoretical and model building issues of
classical smoothing techniques, seasonal decomposition, and the use of Univariate BoxJenkins statistical models are discussed. Other modern statistical models, such as ARCH,
GARCH, transfer function, vector auto regression are also illustrated. In-class lectures
and discussions are supplemented by computer hands-on sessions with statistical
software.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisites: Statistics, Probability, and Statistical Theory
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Introduction
Definition of terms
Typical components of a time series
Overview of forecasting methods
70
2 hours

b. Statistical Fundamentals
Summary statistics used in forecasting
Measuring errors
Model fitting
Review of linear regression
Autocorrelation function
White noise behavior
4 hours
c. Simple Smoothing Methods

Moving averages
Simple exponential smoothing
Seasonal moving averages and simple exponential
smoothing
6 hours
d. Decomposition Methods and Seasonal Indices

Additive and multiplicative seasonality
Classical decomposition
Decomposition using regression
4 hours
e. Trend-Seasonal Smoothing Methods

Estimating trend using first differences
Double moving average
Browns double exponential smoothin
Holts two-parameter trend model
8 hours
f. Univariate ARIMA Modeling

Autoregressive process
Moving average process
Autoregressive integrated moving average process
Use of autocorrelation functions and partial
autocorrelation functions
Parameter estimation
Model checking
Model validation
10 hours
g. Seasonal ARIMA Modeling

Seasonal differencing
Seasonal ARIMA models
6 hours
h. Overview of Advanced Models

ARCH and GARCH
Transfer Function models
Vector Autoregression
4 hours
a. De Lurgio. Forecasting Principles and Applications
b. Pankratz. Forecasting with Univariate Box-Jenkins Models: Concepts and
Cases
c.
71

c. Enders. Applied Econometric Time Series

d. Wei. Time Series Analysis
15.44 TOPOLOGY
Course Description: This course is an introduction to topology. It includes topics
fundamental to modern analysis and geometry like topological spaces and continuous
functions, connectedness, compactness, countability axioms, and separation axioms.
Credit: 3 units
Prerequisite: Advanced Calculus I
Topics
Time Allotment
a. Review of Fundamental Concepts of Set Theory and
Logic
3 hours
b. Topological Spaces and Continuous Functions

Topological spaces
Basis for a topology
Continuous functions and homeomorphisms
Construction of subspace, product, quotient, and sum
topologies
Closed sets and limit points
The metric topology and the metrization problem
16 hours
c. Connectedness and Compactness

Connected spaces
Connected sets in the real line
Compact spaces
Tychonoffs Theorem
Compact sets in the real line
Limit point compactness
16 hours
d. Countability and Separation Axioms

The countability axioms
The separation of axioms and characterization of
various spaces
The Urysohn Lemma: Tietze Extension Theorem
The Urysohn Metrization Theorem
6 hours
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Munkres. Topology: A First Course

Simmons. Topology and Modern Analysis
Engelking and Sieklucki. Introduction to Topology
Jnich. Topology
Kahn. Topology, An Introduction to the Point-Set and Algebraic Areas
Dixmier. General Topology
72

ARTICLE VII
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Section 16 Program Administration
The minimum qualifications of the head of the unit that implements the degree program
are the following:
16.1
Dean of the unit/college
The dean of a unit/college must be at least a masters degree holder in any of the
disciplines for which the unit/college offers a program; and a holder of a valid certificate
of registration and professional license, where applicable.
16.2
Head of the mathematics unit/department
The head of the unit/department must be at least a masters degree holder in the
discipline for which the unit/department offers a program or in an allied field (cf. Section
5).
Section 17 Faculty
17.1
Qualification of faculty
a. Faculty teaching in a BS Mathematics/BS Applied Mathematics program must be at

least a masters degree holder in mathematics or in an allied field (cf. Section 5).
b. All undergraduate mathematics courses in the recommended program of study for
the BS Mathematics/BS Applied Mathematics program starting from the 2nd year
must be taught by at least an MS degree holder in Mathematics/Applied
Mathematics. Specialized courses in the program (e.g. actuarial science, computing,
operations research, and statistics) must be taught by at least an MS degree holder in
the appropriate field, or by an expert with equivalent qualifications (e.g.
Fellow/Associate of the Actuarial Society of the Philippines).
17.2
Full time faculty members
The institution shall maintain at least 50% of the faculty members teaching in the BS
Mathematics/Applied Mathematics program as full time.
17.3
Teaching Load
Teaching load requirements for the BS Mathematics/Applied Mathematics program shall

be as follows:
a. Full time faculty members should not be assigned more than four (4) different
courses/subjects within a semester.
b. In no instance should the aggregate teaching load of a faculty member exceed 30 units
per semester (inclusive of overload and teaching loads in other schools).
c. Teaching hours per day should not exceed the equivalent of 6 lecture hours.
73

17.4
Faculty Development
The institution must have a system of faculty development. It should encourage the
faculty to:
a. Pursue graduate studies in mathematics/applied mathematics especially at the PhD
level;
b. Undertake research activities and to publish their research output;
c. Give lectures and present papers in national/international conferences, symposia and
seminars; and,
d. Attend seminars, symposia and conferences for continuing education.
The institution must provide opportunities and incentives such as:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Tuition subsidy for graduate studies;

Study leave with pay;
Deloading to finish a thesis or carry out research activities;
Travel grants for academic development activities such as special skills training and
attendance in national/ international conferences, symposia and seminars; and,
e. Awards & recognition.
Section 18 Library
18.1
Policy
Libraries service the instructional and research needs of the staff and students making it
one of the most important service units within an HEI. It is for this reason that libraries
should be given special attention by HEI administrators by maintaining it with a wide
and up-to-date collection, qualified staff, and communications and connectivity portals.
18.2
Library Staff
The Head Librarian should: 1) have an appropriate professional training; 2) be a

registered librarian; and 3) have a Masters degree.
The library should be: 1) staff with one full time professional librarian for every 1,000
students and 2) a ratio of 1 librarian to 2 staff /clerks should be observed.
18.3
Library Holdings
Library holdings should conform to existing requirements for libraries. For the BS
Mathematics/Applied Mathematics program, the libraries must provide at least 5 book
titles for each core/elective course found in the curriculum at a ratio of 1 volume per 15
students enrolled in the program. Preferably, these titles must have been published within
the last 5 years.
The HEI is strongly encouraged to maintain periodicals and other non-print materials
relevant to mathematics/applied mathematics to aid the faculty and students in their
academic work. CD-ROMs could complement a librarys book collection but should
otherwise not be considered as replacement for the same.
18.4
Internet Access
Internet access is encouraged but should not be made a substitute for book holdings.
74

18.5
Space Requirements
At least 126 m2 or approximately 2 classrooms shall be required for the library. It should
include space for collections, shelving areas, stockroom, office space for staff and reading
area
The library must be able to accommodate 5% of the total enrollment at any one time.
18.6
Finance
All library fees should be used exclusively for library operations and development for
collections, furniture and fixtures, equipment and facilities, maintenance and staff
development.
18.7
Networking
Libraries shall participate in inter-institutional activities and cooperative programs

whereby resource sharing is encouraged.
18.8
Accessibility
The library should be readily accessible to all.

18.9
Office Hours
The library should be open to serve the needs of the users.

Section 19 Facilities and Equipment
19.1
Laboratory requirements
Laboratories should conform to existing requirements as specified by law (RA 6541,

The National Building Code of the Philippines and Presidential Decree 856, Code of
Sanitation of the Philippines). List of required and recommended equipment are listed
in the course specifications above.
19.2
Classroom requirements (Class Size)
a. For lecture classes, ideal size is 30 students per class, maximum is 50.
b. For laboratory and research classes, class size shall be 20-25 students per class.
c. Special lectures with class size more than 50 may be allowed as long as the attendant
facilities are provided.
19.3
Educational Technology Centers
The institution should provide facilities to allow preparation, presentation and viewing of
audio-visual materials to support instruction.
75

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Commission on Higher Education

Policies and Standards for the Undergraduate Mathematics Programs

Section 11 Mathematics Electives....

Section 12 Free Electives ....

Section 13 Thesis or Special Problem ......

Section 14 Recommended Program of Study...

Article VI Course Specifications..

Abstract Algebra I....

Abstract Algebra II.......

Actuarial Mathematics I...

Actuarial Mathematics II......

Advanced Calculus I....

Advanced Calculus II...

Applied Multivariate Analysis...

Automata and Computability Theory ..........

Differential Equations I.... 30

Introduction to Partial Differential Equations..

Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics..

Fundamentals of Computing I... 36

Commission on Higher Education

Section 16 Program Administration.....

Dean of the unit/college......

Head of the mathematics unit/department..

Commission on Higher Education

Section 20 Admissions and Retention..

Article IX Transitory, Repealing and Effectivity Provisions.

Section 21 Transitory Provision.......

Section 22 Repealing Clause.....

Section 23 Effectivity Clause.... 76

Commission on Higher Education

Components of the BS Mathematics and BS Applied Mathematics curricula

GE courses and corresponding units.

List of core courses for the BS Mathematics and BS Applied Mathematics

List of elective courses for the BS Mathematics and BS Applied

Recommended sequence of courses in the BS Mathematics program

Recommended sequence of courses in the BS Applied Mathematics

Commission on Higher Education

Commission on Higher Education

Section 4 Program Description

Nature of the Program

The undergraduate degree program in mathematics or applied mathematics should be a

The Bachelor of Science in Mathematics and Bachelor of Science in Applied

Professions/careers/ occupations or trades.

Graduates of BS Mathematics or BS Applied Mathematics often obtain jobs in

Commission on Higher Education

General Education Courses

Commission on Higher Education

Section 9 General Education Courses

Consist of subjects such as Political Science, Psychology,

Life and Works of Rizal (Mandated Subject)

Section 10 Core Courses

Commission on Higher Education

Section 11 Suggested Electives

Commission on Higher Education

Section 12 Free Electives

Commission on Higher Education

Section 14 Recommended Program of Study

Commission on Higher Education

Table 6. Recommended sequence of courses in the BS Applied Mathematics program.