The Essential Guide To Portraits 2nd Edition

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THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO
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IMPROVE YOUR
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THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO
PORTRAITS
MASTER
YOUR DSLR!
SETTINGS AND
ADVICE FOR ALL
MAJOR DSLR
BRANDS
Learn basic techniques
Well show you what camera features you

need and the best settings for portraits
L
Lightingmadeeasy
Our experts show you how easy it is to

control daylight, ash & studioash
Master new photo skills
Learn dozens of brilliant techniques and

ideas that will improve your photography
C
CorePhotoshop
skills
Easy to follow tutorials including retouching

skin, blending modes and black & white
INSIDE!
EXPERTADVICE TO
HELPYOUTAKE
BETTERPICTURES
Familyphotostotreasure
Our experts offer essential advice for

capturing kids from toddlers to teenagers
Choose the best gear

C
Our pick of the best lenses & studioash

kits, plus a Buyers Guide to lighting aids
FROM THE EXPERTS AT
2nd Edition
Welcome 3
The Essential Guide to Portraits
TheEssentialGuideto Portraits
This second edition of The Essential Guide to
Portraits has been published with a choice
of four stunning covers. Wed be interested
to know which is your favourite. Please let us
know by visiting our website and making your
choice on our online poll. Well choose one
name at random from the entries who will
receive a free Cokin lter kit worth over 40!
Produced by Digital SLR Photography at:

6 Swan Court, Cygnet Park,
Peterborough, Cambs PE7 8GX
Phone: 01733 567401. Fax 01733 352650
Email: enquiries@digitalslrphoto.com
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Editorial
To contact editorial phone: 01733 567401
Welcome...
Editor Daniel Lezano
daniel_lezano@dennis.co.uk
Art Editor Luke Marsh
luke_marsh@dennis.co.uk
I love all forms of photography, but nothing comes close to the

passion and enthusiasm that I have for portraiture. Whether it is
photographing family or friends, shooting contemporary lifestyle
images or capturing candids, I always enjoy the challenge of delivering
high quality, creative and appealing portraits. Ive been lucky in my
job to work with many of the UKs leading portrait photographers,
who have provided me with a wealth of expert advice, techniques and
skills that have improved my own photography. Many of these leading pros were
involved in the tutorials and guides in this Essential Guide to Portraits, so you too
will also benet from their mastery of portraiture. As youll discover, taking great
portraits doesnt demand you have the most expensive and extensive camera outt,
a budget DSLR with a 50mm lens is all you need to take brilliant images. Whats
more important is having a good eye for composition and detail, knowing the basic
techniques to lighting, whether youre using be daylight or ash, and above all,
developing strong interpersonal skills with your subject. Dont underestimate this
latter point a relaxed, happy subject will always make for better portraits, so ensure
you are condent, friendly and have fun while youre taking pictures. All the best!
DANIEL LEZANO, EDITOR
Meet ourportraitexperts
All our portrait experts are regular contributors to Digital SLR Photography magazine. For further
advice and inspiration to help you improve your photo skills, pick up the latest issue, available on
the second Tuesday of every month. For more information, visit: www.digitalslrphoto.com
DANIELLEZANO
Anenthusiastphotographerfor
over25years,Danielspecialisesin
portraitureandisauthorofseveral
books,including100WaystoTake
BetterPortraitPhotographs.
BRETT HARKNESS
Brett is one of the UKs leading

portrait and social photographers
and runs regular photo
workshops. For further details,
visit: www.brettharkness.com
BJORNTHOMASSEN
Bjorn is a successful portrait

photographer, a master of lighting
and leading speaker at seminars
andcourses.Formoreinformation,
visit: www.bjornatinspire.com
PAUL WARD
Paul is a professional portrait and

fashion photographer who
specialises in location and studio
shoots. For more details, visit:
www.paulwardphotography.com
Designer Luke Medler
luke_medler@dennis.co.uk
Editorial Co-ordinator Jo Lezano
jo_lezano@dennis.co.uk
Editorial contributors: Brett Harkness,

Matty Graham, Ross Hoddinott, Paul Stefan,
Bjorn Thomassen, Paul Ward & Caroline Wilkinson
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The Essential Guide to Portraits ISBN 1-907779-32-9
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When youve nished enjoying

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Contents
6 Introductiontoportraits
Learn how to set up your cameras key

functions for shooting great portraits
8 Exposure
Find out how your cameras metering works to

help guarantee perfect exposures every time
14 expert tutorial: backlit subjects
16 Composition
The eSSeNTIAL guIde To porTrAITS
50 Creativeflash
Key functions of your flash system explained
52expert tutorial: mimic evening sun

54expert tutorial: aDD Drama to skies
56expert tutorial: using Flash gels
58expert tutorial: slow-sync Flash
60expert tutorial: Flash & Daylight
62Studioflashexplained
What to think about when composing portraits
We reveal how easy studioflash is to use and

the difference lighting accessories can make
22 Focusing&depth-of-field
66expert tutorialS: metering in manual

70expert tutorial: using a single heaD
72expert tutorial: using two heaDs
74expert tutorial: high-key lighting
76expert tutorial: bleacheD portraits
18expert tutorial: Follow the rules...

20expert tutorial: now go & break them!
Ensure a perfect balance of sharpness and blur
27 Portraitlighting
Expert control of lighting lies at the heart of

every good portrait photographer. We explain
the skills needed to control lighting like a pro
79Takeyourbestfamilyphotos
From babies to teenagers, we reveal the secrets

to taking perfect photos of your loved ones
28Manipulatingdaylight
90expert tutorial: brothers at the Farm

94expert tutorial: sisters having Fun
30expert tutorial: DiFFusing sunlight

32expert tutorial: classic clouD cover
34expert tutorial: shooting in shaDe
36expert tutorial: magic-hour portraits
97 Digitaltechniques
The basics of how to handle ambient light
38 Indoorlighting
Learn how to use ambient and artificial light

sources at home to illuminate your subjects
42expert tutorial: winDow light
44expert tutorial: contemporary style
46expert tutorial: rooms with a view
48expert tutorial: warmth in winter
2nd edition
Photoshop & post-production techniques to try

98 photoShop tutorial: skin retouching
100 photoShop tutorial: blenDing moDes
102photoShop tutorial: portrait pop-art
104photoShop tutorial: Quirky portrait
106 Black&whiteportraits
The fundamentals to great mono images
108photoShop tutorial: low-key mono

110photoShop tutorial: toning portraits
113 Portraitequipment
Our choice of the best gear for portraits

114lenSeS: 50mm lenses & telezooms
116StudioflaSh: three top outFits
119 lighting aidS: reFlectors & DiFFusers
122 lighting aidS: 5-in-1 reFlectors rateD
124 general portrait acceSSorieS
126flaSh acceSSorieS & kitS
130 Perfectexposures
Cut out and use our free grey card!
Turn To PagE 129 To FInD ouT aBouT

our FanTaSTIC SuBSCrIPTIon oFFErS
132
PA
GE
OF EXPERS
PORTRAI T
ADVICE T
6 Understandingthebasics
SettingupyourDSLR
Your digital SLR has a bewildering array of features and
while this is great in some respects, the choice can lead to
confusion about which settings to select to suit a particular
shooting scenario. Here we explain the key tools of your
DSLR you need to know when trying to shoot portraits
EXPOSURE MODE Dont think about using the Portrait program mode
youre more than a happy snapper if youre reading this guide. Instead, select
aperture-priority AE mode (A or Av), which lets you choose the aperture, while
automatically setting the appropriate shutter speed. For most types of
portraiture, youll want to use a wide aperture to throw the background out of
focus. To start off, use f/5.6, as this blurs the background but gives enough
depth-of-eld to keep the entire face (eyes, nose and ears) in focus. By
selecting aperture-priority, youll be using ambient light only. While ash has
its uses, using (and controlling) daylight will give you more natural results and
help you learn to manipulate available light.
ISO RATING & THE RECIPROCAL RULE In terms of quality, the lower the ISO
the better, so we would recommend you set ISO 100 or 200 to begin with.
Hand-holding your DSLR will allow you more freedom to move around and
shoot candids, but watch out for camera shake. The simplest way to do this is
to use the reciprocal rule. All this means is you shouldnt let your shutter
speed drop below the reciprocal of the lens youre using. Sounds complicated
but it isnt. If youre using the lens at 100mm then ensure the shutter speed is
above 1/100sec to reduce the risk of shake. If youre using the lens at 200mm
then make sure the shutter speed is above 1/200sec, etc. Easy, eh!
Increasing the ISO rating is an easy way to achieve a faster shutter speed to
avoid shake. Try to avoid going above ISO 800 as otherwise youll notice
increased noise in the image. In low light, whenever possible, wed
recommend you use a tripod. It allows you to use a lower ISO rating as shutter
speeds arent such a concern, while also helping with composition.
WHITE BALANCE You should set the White Balance to the lighting conditions
youre shooting in. If youre working in mixed light and are a little unsure, then
Auto (AWB) is the best compromise. Of course, if youre shooting Raw, you
can always change the White Balance when you open the image on your
computer. Something to bear in mind is that setting the wrong WB preset can
be used to purposely shift the colour balance. For instance, setting Cloudy in
daylight will add warmth to the tones, while selecting Tungsten will result in a
very cool, blue cast. Be creative.
IMAGE QUALITY We would recommend you shoot Raw, as it will allow you to
play with settings, particularly White Balance later. If your camera has a
facility to shoot Raw + JPEG, use it with JPEG set to Small/Basic. Then when
youre reviewing images, you can go through the small JPEGs quickly, choose
your favourites and work on the appropriate Raw les. If youre condent in
your ability, and dont expect to need to make tweaks to the exposure or White
Balance in post-production, opt for the best quality JPEG for optimum results
and to save room on your memory card.
AUTOFOCUS With the vast majority of portraits, its important that the eyes of
your subject are sharply in focus because, more often than not, theyre the main
focal point. Your camera most likely has multi-point AF, which allows you to
choose between leaving all the AF points active or to select individual AF points.
You could leave all the AF points active to ensure you dont miss a great shot,
but you run the risk that youll not focus on the eyes and instead catch the nose
as its the nearest object to the camera.
A better option is to select a single AF point and use this to focus on the eye.
The central AF sensor is usually the most sensitive, so you can use this to lock
the AF by placing the central AF point over one of the subjects eyes, then
pressing the shutter button halfway down. Once the AF is locked, recompose
and re. It sounds tricky, but with practice it will become second nature.
Another option is to select the AF point that sits over the subjects eye in the
frame. Doing this means that you dont have to recompose so much, allowing
you to work quicker. This is a better option if you intend to rattle off a sequence
of shots with a very similar composition. If you do intend to lock the focus,
remember to ensure that your camera is set to single-shot AF as otherwise you
wont be able to lock on your subjects eye.
METERING Your digital SLRs multi-zone meter should be capable of
exposing portraits perfectly in most situations. Take a test shot, check the
screen and use the exposure compensation facility to add/subtract a little
exposure if you feel the shot is too dark or light. Where your cameras
multi-zone meter may falter is if your subject has very light or dark skin tones,
is wearing light or dark clothing or is strongly backlit. In these situations,
either use exposure compensation, or select the spot meter and use the AE-L
(Auto-Exposure Lock) button to take a reading from a mid-tone in the scene,
or from an 18% grey card that you place near the subject.
2nd Edition
SettingupyourDSLRforportraits
A little unsure how to select the exposure, White Balance or AF systems

on your digital SLR? Let us show you the way via ve popular DSLRs
CANONEOS450D/500D/550D
(1) Set the top-plate dial to Av to select

aperture-priority.
(2) Press the ISO button to set a rating.
(3) Use the WB button to choose White
Balance and the AF button to set AF to
One-Shot AF.
(4) Press MENU and select the
metering option on the second tab: we
recommend Evaluative.
(5) To set image quality, press MENU
and select Quality in the rst tab.
EOS 550D and EOS 600D only: Press
the Q button and use the four-way
control buttons as a shortcut to all
these key functions.
3
2
NIKOND3100/D5100
(1) Set the top-plate dial to A to

select aperture-priority.
(2) Press the info (i) button and scroll
to metering mode and select your
choice with the four-way control. Wed
suggest you start with Matrix. Press
the info (i) button again and select AF
Mode to AF-S.
(3) Set the ISO rating, White Balance
and image quality using the same
procedure.
OLYMPUSE-400/410/420
(1) Set the top-plate dial to A to

select aperture-priority. The
other settings are made using the
Fn button, four-way controller and
the OK button.
(2) To set the autofocus, press
OK, select AF, and set S-AF.For
metering, press OK, go to the
metering icon, select multi-zone
and press OK. Set the ISO rating,
White Balance and image quality
using the same procedure.
PENTAXK-SERIES
(1) Set the top-plate dial to Av

to select aperture-priority.
(2) Press the Fn button and press
right on the four-way control to select
an ISO rating, followed by OK to set.
(3) Press left to set the White Balance
in the same way.
(4) To choose the AF mode, press
MENU and the Rec. Mode tab, go
down to AF mode, then right to set
(we recommend AF-S). Set the
metering mode in the same way
(we recommend multi-zone). Image
quality is also set this way.
3
2
SONYALPHA:MOSTMODELS
(1) Set the exposure dial on the left of

the top-plate to A for aperture-priority.
(2) Press MENU and on the rst tab
select the image quality (preferably
Raw & JPEG). The following settings
are selected using the Fn button and
the four-way control on the rear.
(3) Press Fn, go to Metering mode and
select Multi segment. Press Fn, go to
AF mode and set AF-S. Press Fn, go to
White Balance and choose a setting.
(3) Press the ISO button and set the
ISO rating you wish to use.
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OURRECOMMENDED
CAMERASETTINGS
FORSHOOTINGPORTRAITS
Exposuremode:Aperture-priority
settof/5.6tobeginwith
MeteringPattern:Multi-zone
Autofocus:UseasingleAFsensor
withAFmodesettosingle-shot(AF-S)
WhiteBalance:Matchlightingconditions
ImageQuality:Raw+JPEG
ISOrating:ISO100or200
Thebasicsofexposure
Our jargon-free guide to the fundamentals of exposure provides everything
you need to know to get to grips with apertures and shutter speeds
If youre new to digital SLR photography, its
essential that you understand the fundamentals
of exposure. Every exposure you take is made
up of a combination of an aperture and shutter
speed that determines how much light will
reach the sensor. The aperture is the iris in the
lens, much like the pupil of the eye, which can
widen to allow more light through or contract to
restrict the amount of light that enters the lens.
Use a wide aperture and more light is able to
pass through during a set time span than if you
had selected a small aperture setting.
The shutter is a barrier in front of the sensor
that moves out of the lights path when you
press the shutter release, allowing light to reach
the sensor and expose an image. The duration
of the exposure is determined by the shutter
speed. There is an obvious relationship
between the aperture and the shutter speed in

determining the correct exposure and this is
selected by the exposure mode. While a Full
Auto mode provides point-and-shoot simplicity
by automatically selecting a combination of
aperture and shutter speed, and allows
beginners to take great pictures with the
minimum of fuss, the beauty and enjoyment of
digital SLR photography is to take control and
directly determine how the picture will look.
The rst major step to doing this is to take
your camera off Full Auto and select one of the
exposure modes that allow for far more creative
photography. Follow our guide and experiment
with apertures and shutter speeds after all, its
not like youll be wasting any lm! Before you
know it, youll soon be creating imaginative
images rather than just shooting snaps.
Exposurecontrols
Many beginners believe its difcult
to use aperture- or shutter-priority
mode but in fact its very easy to
do. Once youve selected the
exposure mode (1), its simply
a case of rotating the input
dial (2) until the aperture
or shutter speed youd like
to use appears on the
top-plate (or rear) LCD
panel (3). Depress the
shutter button halfway and
the camera works out the
rest. Its as easy as that!
3
1
UNDERSTANDINGSHUTTERSPEEDS
Exposure settings are made by changing either the aperture or the
shutter speed. The increments at which you change these settings
are normally referred to as stops. When you change a setting by a
stop, you are either doubling or halving the exposure. So for
instance, changing from 1/500sec to 1/250sec doubles the duration
of the exposure. As well as full stops, you can also vary exposure in
1/2 or 1/3 stops depending on the camera model you use. The
diagram below shows shutter speeds from one second to 1/4000sec.
Full stops
Half stops
1sec
1/2sec
0.7sec
1/4sec
1/3sec
1/8sec
1/16sec
1/6sec 1/10sec
1/30sec
1/20sec
1/60sec
1/45sec
1/125sec
1/90sec
1/250sec 1/500sec 1/1000sec
1/180sec 1/350sec
1/750sec
1/2000sec 1/4000sec
1/1500sec
1/3000sec
UNDERSTANDINGAPERTURESETTINGS
The illustration below shows the iris at one-stop increments, i.e.
each step from left to right halves the amount of light passing
through the lens. The maximum aperture setting refers to the iris
wide open (in this instance f/2.8) and the minimum aperture is the
iris at its smallest setting (f/32 in this case). An explanation of where
the f/number derives from would require an extensive scientic
explanation, but the key to you understanding apertures is to learn
how f/numbers correlate with the size of the aperture.
Full stops
Half stops
f/2.8
f/4
f/3.5
f/5.6
f/4.5
f/8
f/6.7
f/11
f/9.5
f/16
f/13
f/22
f/19
f/32
f/27
2nd Edition
2nd Edition
Understandingthebasics 9
Perfectexposure
Learning the basics of exposure
is key to ensuring your portraits
have the perfect combination of
shutter speed and aperture.
bjorn thomssasen
2nd Edition
UnderstandingyourDSLRsmeteringsystem
Before looking at how you can inuence the exposure, its best
to understand how your cameras metering works. Here
weve covered the essentials that you need to know in order to
pick the best metering mode for different shooting conditions
DIGITAL SLRS BOAST complex exposure systems and offer a choice of metering
patterns, each working out the exposure in a different way to suit varying lighting
conditions. A cameras exposure system works on the assumption that the area
of the scene that is being metered is a mid-tone, or 18% grey to be exact; the
average if all dark, lights and mid-tones were mixed together. Its a tried and
tested method and the basis of all metering patterns. Its important to be aware
of this when youre taking pictures (even if you dont fully understand it) as it
helps you to know when you may have problems with exposure.
While this system is ne in the majority of shooting situations, it can lead to
incorrect exposures when the scene or subject is considerably lighter or darker
in tone than 18% grey. For example, very dark subjects or scenes can fool the
metering system into thinking that the general scene is much darker than it
really is and, as a result, will overexposed the image. Similarly, very light
subjects or scenes can fool the camera into underexposing them making
them appear darker than they are as the light meter will take a reading
designed to render them as a mid-tone. Its in these trickier lighting situations,
where the popular multi-zone pattern that provides the correct exposure for
around 90 percent of shots struggles as it tries to meter the entire scene. Its in
cases like this where using the other patterns such as partial and spot are
useful as they offer more control.
As a camera is trying to render an image grey, its your job to ensure you
compensate to keep the tones true to life. To do this you have to either
overexpose the cameras reading to give a lighter result than the camera wants,
or underexpose to give a darker result than the camera wants. So with a portrait
in a dark scene, the cameras exposure reading will lead to overexposure,
resulting in bleached faces, so you need to reduce the exposure to keep it black.
With the light scene its giving less exposure than is necessary, producing a
darker than required subject, so you need to add exposure to make it record
correctly. If youre still a little unsure, dont worry, when you start shooting light
or dark scenes and then try to override the cameras readings, youll soon get to
grips with it. By following our expert advice you should also increase the
chances of keeping any exposure errors to a minimum.
Multi-zonemetering
Recognisingthemulti-zonepatternicon
Every camera brand has their own set of icons for metering patterns
and below we show you what to look for on four popular brands
NIKON
Selecting a metering pattern is a straightforward procedure,

but weve provided a guide on how to do it for a number of
leading digital SLRs from the six most popular brands
CANONEOSDSLRS
EOS 500D users press the

SET button, while for EOS
550D and EOS 600D users,
press use the Q button and
select the metering icon.
For older models, like the
EOS 1000D and EOS 450D,
press the metering button
on the four-way control.
CANONEOS30D/40D/50D
Some older EOS models,

such as the EOS 20D and
30D, have push button
controls. With these
models, (1) press the
metering button and (2)
rotate the dial until the
top-plate LCD shows the
relevant metering pattern.
2
1
SONYALPHAMODELS
Press the Fn button (1) and

select the Metering mode
icon by pressing the AF
button (2). Choose the
pattern youd like to use
and press AF again to set.
1
2
NIKONDSLRS
In theory, you could take every picture using multi-zone metering and never
have a bad exposure. Well almost... The multi-zone pattern is the newest and
most sophisticated type of metering pattern and the one most photographers
stick to for the majority of their shots. While every manufacturer has their own
types of multi-zone meter, each with varying numbers and shapes of zones, all
work in much the same way. Basically, the entire image area is divided into a
number of zones and when activated, individual meter readings are taken from
each one of them. The cameras micro-processor then evaluates all these
individual readings and uses complex algorithms to calculate the nal
exposure. To improve accuracy, many cameras also boast a library of tens of
thousands of images taken in various lighting conditions, which are compared
in a micro-second with the new scene to produce the exposure value. This
system has proven highly reliable and gets the exposure correct more than 90
percent of the time. Its weak spots however, are unusually light or very dark
scenes or subjects. Multi-zone meters can also have trouble with very
high-contrast scenes, in particular backlit subjects. This is why there are other
metering patterns available, as well as a choice of exposure overrides, to help
you ensure the perfect exposure.
CANON
Howtochoosemeteringpatterns
OLYMPUS
PENTAX
For newer models like the

D3100: Press the info (i)
button and scroll to
metering mode and select
your choice with the
four-way control. Some
older models like the D80
have a metering button you
press to set your choice.
OLYMPUS E-400/E-410/E-420
You can go through the

MENU system but a quicker
way is to press OK,
highlight the metering icon
using the four-way
controller, press OK, select
the pattern with the dial or
four-way controller and
press OK to conrm.
PENTAXK-SERIES
Most Pentax DSLRs select

the metering mode in the
same way as the K100D.
Press MENU to get to the
Rec Mode display and use
the four-way controller dial
to go down to AE Metering,
select the required pattern
and press OK.
2nd Edition
BJORN THOMASSEN
Meteringoptions
Understanding how metering
patterns work can help you when
shooting in tricky lighting
conditions, such as backlighting.
Centre-weightedaverage
Despite the arrival of newer patterns, this veteran still has its place on digital
SLRs. This is the oldest metering pattern and was the number one choice until
the multi-zone pattern was introduced. As its name suggests, it takes an
average reading from the entire frame, with a slight emphasis given to the
central area. While less sophisticated compared to newer patterns, its past
popularity means it is still featured in all cameras, as many experienced
photographers feel more comfortable using this pattern. It is also a good
choice when used in combination with the AE-Lock exposure override, which
is covered in more detail shortly.
Spotandpartialmetering
This is a great pattern when you want to take a reading from a specic area of
the frame but it must be used with care. While multi-zone metering takes
measurements from the entire image area, spot and partial metering
concentrates on the central area of the frame (you can see the measuring
circle at the centre of the viewnder screen). This allows you to precisely
control where the exposure reading for the shot is taken from, as only the area
of the frame within the measuring circle is used to determine the exposure.
Spot and partial metering is a great way to ensure you get the proper
exposure when youre shooting in difcult lighting conditions. Spot and partial
are very similar in how they work. The main difference is spot offers a very
precise measuring circle (usually around 3% of the image area), while partial
usually measures the central 9% of the frame. The more precise spot meter is
found on most DSLRs, while partial is less common, and a handful of cameras
boast both. You must take great care when using spot or partial metering:
always take a reading from a mid-tone and not a light or dark subject,
otherwise you will produce an incorrect exposure.
Recognisingthecentre-weightedicon
You will nd the centre-weighted pattern available on your DSLR but you
will rarely need to have to use it in preference to multi-zone metering
CANON
NIKON
OLYMPUS
Recognisingthespot/partialicon
CANON(PARTIAL)
You need to select spot or partial by pressing the metering

selector button and picking the respective icon on the LCD
monitor. The spot icon is normally shown as a single dot at
the centre of the rectangle, while partial
NIKON
is represented as two small curved lines
that form the outline of a near-circle
close to the centre of the frame. Some
DSLRs offer both metering options.
REMEMBER: Its vital that you position
the spot/partial meter over a mid-tone to
get the correct exposure. Spot-meter off
a dark subject and youll overexpose it
and vice-versa. Try some practice shots
to get used to how it works.
PENTAX
OLYMPUS
CANON(SPOT)
PENTAX
Exposurecompensation
bjorn thomassen
+1.5EV
This is the most commonly used override and allows you to

make adjustments to increase or decrease the exposure
Once yOu are aware of how metering systems work, and have
gained a little experience using your DSLr, the times when the
exposure system is likely to make mistakes become easier to
predict and compensate for. The simplest way to override your
cameras metered exposure is to use exposure compensation,
which allows you to dial in a set exposure increment to increase (+) or
decrease () the exposure. For instance, a subject that is significantly lighter
than a mid-tone, like a brides white wedding dress, is likely to be
underexposed by your camera, so you need to select positive (+)
compensation. If the subject is much darker than a mid-tone, for instance the
subject is wearing very dark clothing, then it is likely to be rendered
overexposed. Therefore, apply negative () compensation. applying exposure
compensation is quite straightforward and with experience youll be able to
judge how much is needed. all digital SLrs have a dedicated exposure
compensation button to make it a quick and easy process in either automatic
or semi-automatic exposure modes. The compensation you set is often shown
as + or e.V (exposure Value). If you add a half-stop of exposure it will display
as +1/2eV, while a 1/3-stop reduction is shown as -1/3eV.
istockphoto
1.5EV
Howdoesexposurecompensationwork?
Usingexposurecompensation
exposure compensation functions differently depending on the exposure

mode that you are using. In aperture-priority, the compensation is
applied by changing the shutter speed, but when using shutter-priority,
its the aperture thats adjusted. In program mode, the camera
automatically decides between the aperture and/or shutter speed
depending on the light levels so to minimise camera shake.
your DSLrs exposure

compensation facility is
useful in any situation when
you wish to make a picture
brighter/lighter or darker
than the exposure set by the
camera. While exposure
compensation is designed for
corrective purposes, the
effect can be used creatively.
Its extremely easy to use: try
applying + and settings on
subjects with different tones
and see the effect it has.
Heres how to do it:
nocompensation
ExPosuRE comPEnsATion
This is a typical example of when a
subject deceives a metering system.
When photographing this scene, the
camera attempted to record it as a
mid-tone and the first result was
underexposed. Positive compensation
of +1EV was applied, rendering the
subjects in the subsequent image to
be correctly exposed.
+1EVapplied
summary:ExposurE
compEnsation
Set a + value to add exposure to an

underexposed scene, for example
when shooting a light-toned subject.
Set a - value to reduce the exposure,
for example when shooting a darker
than average scene.
1) Press and hold in your

cameras exposure
compensation button (normally
indicated by a +/- icon).
2) Rotate the input dial to select
the level of compensation you
want. A negative value means
youre decreasing the exposure,
a positive value means you are
increasing it.
3)The exposure compensation
scale is displayed in the cameras
viewfinder and/or control panel.
4) The compensation you apply
will affect all subsequent shots
unless you reset it to +/- 0 EV.
2nd Edition
2nd Edition
BJORN THOMASSEN
AutoExposureLock(AE-L)
AE-Lock
This function allows you to lock an exposure from a subject

independently of the focusing system and is useful to avoid
exposure error with very dark or light subjects or scenes
PRACTICALLY EVERY DSLR has an AE-L button, which is
normally found on the top right of the cameras rear, or near
the LCD monitor. AE-L is an abbreviation for Auto Exposure
Lock. It is designed to secure the current exposure setting so that it doesnt
change when you recompose your image, even if the incoming light levels
change. AE-L can be used in any exposure mode, although it is pointless if you
are shooting in manual mode.
When you press the shutter button down halfway, you engage the autofocus
and the metering system to take a reading. This is ideal most of the time, but
what about when you want to focus and meter from different subjects or parts
of the scene? This is where AE-Lock comes in. This useful feature allows you to
take an exposure reading independently of where you focus, which is ideal if
your subject is very dark or light or positioned in a bright or dim area of the
scene. AE-L is most commonly used with the spot or centre-weighted metering
pattern in order to lock the reading taken from a specic area of the frame.
This is particularly useful in tricky lighting conditions that can fool your
metering system, such as backlit objects or subjects with very dark or light
backgrounds. For instance, if you are shooting a scene containing a bright light
source in part of the frame, your cameras multi-zone meter could be fooled by
into reading the scene as brighter than it actually is and will underexpose as a
result. To achieve the correct exposure, you want to take a meter reading that
excludes the light region. This is possible by taking a spot/partial meter
reading from the subject itself or an area of the scene that is a mid-tone and
locking the result with the AE-Lock button, before recomposing the shot and
taking the picture. Using the same principle, AE-L is useful when shooting
subjects that are positioned off-centre. AE-Lock is also useful when you want to
shoot a series of images using exactly the same exposure settings. For
example, if you wish to stitch together several shots to create a panorama, it is
important that the shooting parameters employed for each frame are
consistent using the AE-Lock button ensure contant exposures for each shot.
AE-L
The AE-Lock button is an essential exposure aid when shooting subjects with very
dark or light backgrounds that can easily fool your cameras multi-zone metering
into over or underexposure. In this instance, the very dark backdrop fooled the
camera into thinking the scene was darker than it actually was. As a result, it has set
a shutter speed longer than was required and so the subject is overexposed. In order
to achieve the correct exposure, a spot-meter reading was taken from a wall to the
side of the stairs. This reading was then locked using the AE-Lock button. The image
was recomposed and the image taken. The result is perfectly exposed.
UsingAE-Lock
1)Selectspot/partialmetering
2)Positionthemeasuringcircle
3)UseAE-Lock
4)Recomposeandshoot
The AE-L button,

combined with spot or
centre-weighted metering,
is one of the most accurate
forms of achieving the
correct exposure settings
for any given subject.
BJORN THOMASSEN
1) Select your cameras

spot (or partial) meter.
2) Direct the camera so
that the metering circle is
positioned over the area
or subject that you wish to
meter from.
3) Activate AE-Lock by
pressing the button. Note:
on some models you have
to keep it depressed, so
consult your users manual.
The letters AE-L may display
in the viewnder to indicate
the lock is activated.
4) Move the camera and
recompose the image as you
want. Your exposure settings
will not change, even if the
incoming light levels alter as a
result of changing composition.
6) Fully depress the shutter
release button to take the shot.
2nd Edition
Exposingbacklitsubjects
Paul Stefan shows you to how to perfectly exposure a backlit portrait using the spot meter, a reector and a bit of ll-in ash
camera is likely to get confused and the exposure
terribly wrong. What usually happens is your
subject gets underexposed, sometimes silhouetted,
often resulting in an awful picture. The reason for
this is that the cameras multi-zone exposure
system will evaluate the overall scene. Given that
you are pointing the camera towards the light
source, it will always look to expose the shot for a
bright scene, causing the darker areas in this case
the person to be underexposed.
Taking more control over your camera will greatly
improve the image and enable you to get the
exposure you really want. One of the easiest ways to
do this is to set your DSLR to aperture-priority mode
and to use the spot meter along with AE-Lock to x
the light reading. With this method, you take a spot
meter reading from the persons face, regardless of
the lighting conditions around the subject, which
should result in a perfectly-exposed person nearly
SHOOTING A BACKLIT subject (i.e. with

the sun behind them) is not something I do
too often, as it certainly comes with its
challenges. If youre not prepared for it,
your results can often be quite unpredictable and,
more often than not, your subject will be
underexposed and look rather at. This tutorial will
help you to understand the relatively straightforward
technique to achieving great results.
Lets begin with why letting the camera make the
decisions for you is not the best option. Its often so
easy to stick your camera on Full Auto mode and let
it decide the exposure. For portraits that have the
light shining on the subjects face, or off slightly to
the side, using auto mode sometimes works ne,
as the exposure levels may not be too extreme.
However, if you position your subject so that the
light source is behind them (so youre shooting
towards them and the sun or light source), your
every time. The exception, when it might be slightly

trickier, is when your subject is very dark-skinned.
If thats the case, use the same technique but take a
spot meter reading off a mid-tone in the same
lighting conditions, this could be a piece of clothing,
grass or ideally an 18% grey card.
While spot metering is quick and easy, it may
cause your subjects surrounding scene to be
overexposed if its lighter than your subject. If you
want to include the environment in the shot, one
way around this is to take a meter reading from an
in-between subject and then use your cameras
ash to ll in the foreground with light, balancing
the overall scenes exposure. Equally, a reector will
also help this, as it will bounce natural light back
towards your subject and have a similar ll-in effect.
If youre feeling really adventurous, why not try a
mixture, using both ash and a reector.
Try spo
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1 TakeashotwithyourDSLRsettoFull Auto
I was keen for my portrait to have a picturesque backdrop, so I chose a

south-facing hillside near my home, with a view looking out to Robin Hoods
Stride and Cratcliffe in the Peak District. My rst shot was to see how the
cameras Auto mode handled the exposure of my subject with the sun directly
behind and above her. With this set up, I was shooting towards the sun, which
would certainly challenge the cameras multi-zone metering system.
Auto
2 Usingspotmeteringandareflector
The shot taken in Full Auto wasnt a disaster, but it could certainly be improved
with the use of spot metering. By switching my DSLR to aperture-priority and
setting the metering mode to spot, I was able to meter from Emilys face and lock
the reading using AE-Lock. I did this by looking through the viewnder and placing
the central circle over the her face and pressing the AE-Lock button to ensure a
perfect exposure. I then focused on her face, recomposed and took the shot.
Spotmeter&reflector
The result from my DSLR

wasnt actually too bad as
the face of my subject, my
eldest daughter Emily,
wasnt completely
underexposed, but it could
denitely be improved. This
would have been much
worse if the sun was lower
and in direct view of the
shot. Other DSLRs may not
have coped as well as my
Canon EOS 5D MkII either.
Spot metering has improved

the scene greatly, but to
make it even better, I placed
a portable reector just out
of shot, perched on a stick,
to throw some of that lovely
warm sunlight back onto
Emilys face, giving the shot
added depth. This really
made a difference, revealing
so much more detail and
depth, both in her face and
in her clothes.
3 Usefill-inflash
I like the natural look of

the spot-metered and
reector shot, but for this
example I wanted to show
a further change to the
set-up, to create a more
dramatic portrait.
Therefore, I hooked up
my ashgun to my
camera with a stretchy
sync lead, to allow me to
hold the ash unit away
from the camera and over
to one side. This is a
useful technique that
causes your ash to give
a more attering look to
the subject, rather than
blasting them directly in
the face. With this set-up,
I also left the reector in
place, used the same
exposure settings from
the previous shot and
pointed the ashgun
toward Emilys body,
rather than her face.
The ash has made quite an impact on

how shes lit. Her face is a lot brighter, but
because I aimed the ashgun towards her
body and feet, the shot has exposed her
lower half so much better than the
previous shot. Her hair is also really well
exposed and she now has catchlights in
her eyes from the ash.
Portraitcomposition
Landscape
There are no rules, only guidelines when it comes to

composition but, like lighting, it has the potential to make
or break a portrait. Developing your style will take time
and practice but here are a few of the main considerations
to take into account and to help you along your way
1) Landscapeoruprightorientation?
Its natural to tilt the camera upright when youre shooting a portrait as it
allows you to ll the frame with the subjects head and shoulders or entire
body. Its a good format to adopt when youre trying to exclude as much of the
background as possible to concentrate attention on the subject. Because this
format is used so often when shooting people, the upright format is often
termed the portrait format. Photographing portraits with the camera held
normally to produce a landscape-orientated image often allows you to employ
more creative compositions. For one, it means you can place the subject
off-centre to include some of the backdrop in the frame. It also allows you to
crop tightly into the face, which can add drama and impact to the image. Both
options are worth trying while looking through the viewnder to see which
works best and, if in doubt, take a shot using both formats!
Portrait
We have cropped the same image (see right) into a landscape and portrait format.
Which do you prefer? The orientation you opt for plays a crucial role in the strength
of your portrait and its a choice you need to make each time you compose a shot.
2) Viewpoint
Its natural when
taking a picture to
stand and shoot
from your normal
eye-level. However,
while there is
nothing wrong with
this, shooting from
your standard
viewpoint is a little
unimaginative. Also,
its not always the
most attering
angle for your
subject youll nd
that by shooting
from slightly above
and down on your
subject, youll
capture a better
picture. Experiment
by shooting from a
much higher or
lower viewpoint to
your subject and
see how the results
turn out.
3) Breakingtherules:Newanglestotry
USE A WIDE-ANGLE LENS
Set your standard zoom to
wide-angle (or use an ultra
wide-angle zoom) and shoot
portraits with a difference.
Because they completely distort
perspective, its possible to shoot
very unusual portrait images,
where the part of the subject
closest to the lens appears much
larger than the parts of the body
that are further away.
EYE CONTACT
Yep, we harp on about making
sure you get both eyes sharply in
focus with the subject looking at
the camera, yet there are
many stunning examples where
the subjects looking away or
their eyes are obscured. A lack
of eye contact can add intrigue
to your portrait or give it a
candid feel, so dont be afraid
of having your subject looking
away from the camera.
Shooting a subject from halfway up some steps provides a very high

viewpoint and produces an unusual and quirky result. Give it a try!
Look how the wide-angle lens

used on this shot has distorted
perspective. You can get some
quirky portraits from using
unconventional techniques.
2nd Edition
2nd Edition
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Shootonaslant
Shooting images at an angle can

add energy to an image as it
displaces the balance of the scene.
Give it a try, whether shooting with
the camera in an upright or
landscape format, and see how it
can inject life into the image.
Frequentlyaskedquestions
My camera has scene modes, why
should I not use Portrait mode?
While it takes the fuss out of taking a
picture, Portrait mode removes any
chance of being creative. As with all
scene modes, the Portrait program
automatically activates certain
picture-taking options. Depending
on which camera you use, youll nd
that setting Portrait mode results in
the following: White Balance: Auto;
Autofocus: Multi-point AF/One-shot
mode; ISO Rating: Automatically
selected; Metering pattern:
Multi-zone; Built-in ash: Auto.
While these settings are suitable
for those looking for point-and-shoot
simplicity, for those of you wanting
to develop your photographic skills,
its quite prohibitive and the fact that
you cant control aspects such as
the ash and White Balance can
really affect the result youre trying
to achieve. Instead, learn how to get
the best from semi-automatic
modes such as aperture-priority.
What should subjects wear?

The most important thing is that
your subject feels comfortable. So
dont get them to overdress or wear
items that they dont like.
Ideally, ask to see a selection of
clothing and talk through what they
like the most. You dont want
colours to dominate the image, so a
plain neutral top is usually a good
starting point, along with casual
trousers or a pair of jeans.
How should I get them to pose?
Its vital that they appear natural and
comfortable, whether theyre sitting,
standing or lying down. Youll nd
that subjects are normally unsure of
what to do with their hands, resulting
in them looking clumsy or awkward
in the frame. A good starting point is
to have them keep their hands in
their trouser pockets if standing,
hanging over their knees or between
their legs if sat down. Buy fashion
and lifestyle magazines and tear out
pages where a model has a pose you

like, then show it to your subject and
ask them to recreate it.
Have you got any make-up tips?
We asked professional make-up
artist Fay Bacon for expert advice:
1) Always thoroughly cleanse, tone
and moisturise the skin before
applying any make-up. It will help
the products to sit better on the skin.
2) Apply an illuminator over the top
of a moisturiser. This helps lift the
skin and increase its radiance
underneath the foundation, so skin
appears more youthful.
3) Always apply foundation with a
foundation brush as it reduces the
amount of foundation used on the
skin and prevents patchiness or lines
on the face, making the skin appear
extra-awless and natural.
4) Use a translucent, loose powder
and dust it lightly over the T-Zone
area. This reduces the appearance of
shiny, oily skin.
5) Always use concealer for

disguising dark circles and unwanted
blemishes. There is an enormous
difference between foundation and
concealer; foundation evens out the
skin tone while concealer covers. You
need to use both to achieve
awless-looking skin.
6) In terms of colour such as eye
shadows, blushers and lipsticks etc,
always consider the colour contrasts
of skin tone, eyes and lips.
Dependent upon the style and theme
of the photography shoot certain
make-up rules do not apply.
However, most make-up artists
would advise using lighter and more
intense shades such as purples,
blues and greens on darker skin and
eyes, as this helps echo the beauty
and vibrancy of the skin tone.
Pastel, neutral and darker shades
are better suited for paler skin as
they help intensify the eye area and
the skin tone by allowing both to
stand out more.
Puttherulesintopractice
2nd Edition
Set-up
Taking photographs of people is something that nearly everyone with a camera

does. Whether it be a friend, a family member or a professional model, its often
easy to snap away at a person and end up with, well... a snapshot. A little bit of
consideration for composition, however, will go a long way to improving your
portraits and hopefully capture your subjects personality better too.
The standard rules of composition remain the same for portraits as they do
for most photographs. The rule-of-thirds, filling the frame and thinking about
your setting/background are all factors that will drastically improve a portrait
and ultimately determine its success. If used correctly and creatively, these
guidelines will help convert your photographs from snapshots to pictures to be
proud of. In the next few steps, well show what the difference applying these
rules can have on your photographs.
Step1 This first
shot is an example
of what not to do.
Without
considering the
rules of
composition, you
may end up with a
nice enough
snapshot, but the
main focal point
(the eyes) arent in
a third, making the
composition look
awkward. In
addition, the
building work in the
background is
distracting for the
viewer and the
green trees sticking
out of the subjects
head dont look
good. As a
beginner, thinking
about the
background is
definitely one of the
easiest ways to
improve the
composition of your
portraits quickly.
Left:Step2 As all Rocky Horror fans will say:

Its just a jump to the left! In the next shot, the
subject was asked to take one step to her left,
this immediately improved composition by
incorporating a much simpler backdrop.
Compared to the first image, you can
immediately see the improvement its made to
the overall impact of the picture. The texture
and tone is much simpler, keeping the viewers
eye focused on the models face.
Above:Step 3 The placement of the eyes

within the frame is paramount to improving
composition. Generally, a portrait works best if
the eyes are in the top third of the shot, as it
guides the viewer from top to bottom. Getting a
bit closer and using a 70mm focal length, as
opposed to the 50mm used in the previous two
shots, has meant the subject now fills the frame
with more of the her face. Getting closer also
helps blur the background more.
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Finalimage
The shot could still be improved by

tweaking the composition in a couple
of ways. Here the frame has been
lled even more with a subjects face
to create a more intimate portrait. The
focal points (eyes and hair band) have
also been moved to the upper left
third and shot at an angle for a more
dynamic look. A wider aperture of
f/6.3 has also completely blurred the
background for a more pleasing result.
Breakingrulesischildsplay!
2nd Edition
Set-up
Applying the rules of composition to portraits, such as the placement of

the eyes in the upper third and using diagonals and lead-in lines, are great ways
of improving your portrait photographs. But as youll no doubt have discovered,
sometimes rules are there to be broken, and when it comes to the composition
of portraits, breaking these rules can lead to some quirky results.
this step-by-step guide aims to show you how to shoot portraits with a
difference. instead of using a typical portrait lens like a 50mm, weve opted to
use a 17-40mm wide-angle zoom at its widest focal length. this type of lens can
often be very unflattering for a portrait, as your model can end up with distorted
features, so composition becomes even more important! you should still pay
particular attention to elements such as the rule-of-thirds, your subjects
background and so on, but dont be afraid to consider these more as guidelines
than rules. you should look for unconventional ways of approaching a portrait,
bending the rules a little to get a more unusual and creative portrait.
Step 1 This first shot,

using the zoom set at
17mm, gives a very
distorted view of the
subject and is a good
example of how not to
bend the rules. Little
thought has been
given to the
positioning of the eyes,
which is usually the
focal point, so they
have ended up in the
centre of the frame.
Nor has much
attention been paid to
whats going on with
the background and
surroundings. The
slightly quirky angle
has also made the
composition a little too
awkward, although the
lead-in lines of the legs
work well. Breaking
the compositional
rules in this shot hasnt
worked out as well as
it should have and can
certainly be improved.
Left:Step2 For the second shot, the focal

length was kept at 17mm and the model has
turned around for a more frame-filling shot.
Although the models eyes arent on a third,
which could improve the image, having the
lead-in line created by the elbow from the
bottom left does work better than the previous
shot. Typically in a portrait you wouldnt want
your model to have tiny feet but breaking this
rule gives the shot an interesting perspective.
Above:Step 3 This shot has challenged the

rules of focusing, and it works well. Instead of
concentrating on the subjects eyes, the focus is
on the leaves in her hand. Using an aperture of
f/4 has meant her face is blurred, which is not
something you would usually want to do with a
portrait. This has made the image more
intriguing and with a wider angle, Ive been able
to place the two main subjects of the shot at the
top and the bottom of the image.
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Finalimage
This shot combines all the best

elements of the other images. Using
the wide-angle lens, the model was
shot from above with an aperture of
f/4. The eye remains the focal point and
the background texture has been
simplied with a single texture, so it
enhances rather than distracts. The
quirky angle and unconventional crop
works well with this shot too.
Focusingfundamentals
While the autofocus systems of digital SLRs are highly
responsive, we can help to improve their accuracy
AUTOFOCUS IS ONE OF THOSE THINGS that all photographers take for

granted at one time or another. Half-press the shutter release and it does its job
quickly and quietly. While everything is working well, you dont really need to
think about whats happening and why, but taking control of the autofocus (AF)
can help you improve, especially when your DSLR struggles to interpret what
you are trying to do. Understanding how this highly advanced technology works
will ultimately help you to use it more effectively in your photography.
HOW AUTOFOCUS SYSTEMS WORK
There are two main kinds of autofocus system used in modern cameras:
contrast detection AF and phase detection AF. In DSLRs, the latter of these is
used most of the time. Phase detection AF works by taking some of the light
entering the camera through the lens, splitting it into two and directing it onto a
pair of sensors. The point where it hits the sensors tells the camera if the image
is in focus or not, and if not by how much its out and in what direction. This
means that the camera can nd the correct focus very quickly. The downside of
phase detection AF is that it needs contrast in order to work. Point your camera
at a blank wall and the system simply wont function.
Phase detection AF also requires a DSLRs mirror to be down, meaning it
doesnt work so well in Live View mode. This is when we need contrast detection
AF the same system that is used in compact cameras. It works by
continuously monitoring the overall contrast in a scene while focusing, the idea
being that an image has the most contrast when its at its sharpest. Its a slower
method, suited to tripod-mounted work where speed isnt so important.
AUTOFOCUS MODES
DSLRs have two popular AF modes. The rst, and perhaps the most useful, is
Single-Shot AF (know as One-Shot on Canon EOS DSLRs). In this mode, you
typically press halfway down on your cameras shutter release to engage AF.
Once this has happened, focus is locked at this distance until you release the
button and half-press it again. Single-Shot AF mode also prevents the shutter
ring unless the subject is in focus. Continuous autofocus mode, on the other
hand, will let the shutter re at any point regardless of whether the scene is in
focus or not, and will carry on focusing even when your nger is half-pressing
the shutter button. Its the mode best suited to photographing moving subjects,
as well see shortly. While we are on the subject of focus modes, its worth
mentioning good-old manual mode too. There are times when autofocus is
simply not the best option, and focusing manually produces better results, such
as with night photography, where low light confuses AF, and macro, where
focusing is so critical that it is often best to focus manually.
MULTI-POINT AUTOFOCUS
Early AF systems used a single sensor at the centre of the frame. DSLRs now
have multiple AF points grouped centrally and occupying up to half the frame.
The advantage of this is that youre not limited to focusing on whatever is in the
middle of a scene, allowing the AF system to comfortably handle off-centre
subjects or objects that are moving around in the frame.
The most focusing points in a DSLR is currently 51 (Nikon) but the average is
around 11. Shoot with all points activated and the camera will focus on what is
closest to you handy in most situations, but with portraits, can result in the
lens focusing on the tip of the nose rather than the eyes. You usually have the
option of reducing the number of active focus points, which increases focus
speed precision and allows you to focus on a precise point.
Not all focus points are the same either, in fact there are two distinct types.
Line-type sensors are the most common, but least sensitive. They are oriented
in one direction only (usually top-to-bottom) and need to be looking at detail
that crosses them perpendicularly (left-to-right) to focus accurately. Cross-type
sensors look for detail in both directions, and are faster and more sensitive. The
central focus point will usually be a cross-type sensor, though more advanced
DSLRs often have a number of them clustered together.
SettingautofocusmodesonyourDSLR
Selecting the autofocus mode and the number of active AF points differs
from camera to camera. Heres we show how it works on ve popular models
from the leading brands youll nd your DSLR works in a similar way
CANONEOS(MOSTMODELS)
AF MODE: Press the AF

button (located on the right
side of the four-way control)
and choose from One Shot,
AI Focus or AI Servo mode.
AF POINTS: Press the AF
point selection button on the
top right of the rear of the
camera and use the input dial
by the shutter release button
to choose the AF point.
NIKONDSLRS
AF MODE: Press the info (i)

button and scroll to Focus
mode. Use the four-way
control and OK button to
select AF-A, AF-S, AF-C or
manual focus.
AF POINTS: Press the info
button and scroll down to the
AF-area mode option. Choose
between Closest Subject,
Dynamic Area where you can
select a focus point for
tracking, or Single Point.
OLYMPUSE-SERIES
AF MODE: Press OK and scroll

to the AF mode option. Press
OK again and choose between
S-AF (single-shot AF), C-AF
(continuous AF) and MF
(manual focus).
AF POINTS: Press OK and
scroll to the AF Area option.
You can then use the
command dial to select all the
AF points or select an
individual point.
PENTAXK-SERIES
AF MODE: Press the MENU

button and use the four way
control to select AF Mode.
AF.S is the single-shot AF
mode, while AF.C is
continuous AF mode.
AF POINTS: Press the MENU
button and use the four-way
control to go down to Select
AF point. Choose from Auto,
multi-point or spot AF (the
camera uses the central AF
point only.
SONYALPHASERIES
Single-pointAF
Multi-pointAF
Select
single-point AF
and focus
precisely on your
chosen subject.
Choosing the
central point is
usually best.
Multi-point AF
activates all the
sensors and usually
focuses on whatever
is closest to you. Its
ideal for tracking
subjects such as a
child running.
2nd Edition
AF MODE: Press Fn and

choose the Autofocus mode
option using the four way
control. Choose between AF-S
AF-A or AF-C mode.
AF POINTS: Press the Fn
button and then choose the AF
area option using the four-way
control. Choose between Wide
(all points), Spot (centre point)
and Local (manual selection of
any AF point).
2nd Edition
brett harkness
Focus onoff-centre subjects

When you are out shooting, its not often that
your subject will be slap-bang in the middle of the
frame. in fact, we often go to great lengths when taking
pictures to avoid placing the subject at the centre to
ensure the image has the best possible composition.
if your DsLr has multiple focus points spread
across a wide area then, chances are, these will
manage off-centre subjects very well. For the ultimate
control though, try selecting one individual aF point to
take charge of exactly where your camera is focusing.
the traditional way of handling off-centre subjects
with a single focus point comprises three steps: using
the central aF point to focus on the subject; locking
the focus using your cameras aF-lock function; and
recomposing the frame so that your subject is
off-centre. your DsLrs aF-lock is easy to find.
Providing your camera is set to single-shot aF mode,
a half-press of the shutter release will tell the camera
to focus and then lock-in this distance for as long as
the button is held down. its an intuitive process, youll
soon find yourself performing the focus-lockrecompose routine without realising it.
By default, on the majority of cameras, pressing
the shutter button halfway not only locks the focus,
but also takes an exposure reading too. try it
yourself and see how your DsLr performs. youll
find you can usually use a custom function to set
the shutter release to lock aF and the exposure
together, or just the aF. some DsLrs have a
separate aF/ae-lock button, meaning its possible to
customise the aF so its just the way you like it.
2nd Edition
Usedepth-of-fieldtogiveyour
portraits muchmoreimpact
By altering your shooting distance, being creative with your focusing and thinking about
your choice of aperture, you stand a great chance of make your portraits outstanding
THERE ARE FEW, IF ANY, MORE rewarding
f/5.6 at 20
0mm
feelings in photography than capturing a portrait
that not only pleases you, but has the subject
over the moon with how they look in the shot.
Most people have had their picture taken, but
few get the chance to have their portrait shot.
There is a subtle difference to the two: one is a
quick snap, with little attention given to
anything but basic composition and the other
is far more creative and carefully considered.
Its often said that a good portrait captures
a little bit of the persons personality and its
true. But what it also does is record the sitter
in a different way to other pictures taken of
them. By using a couple of simple
techniques based around depth-of-eld and
focusing, you can produce distinctive
results, as you will discover shortly.
The general rule for portraits is that you
should focus on the eyes and set a wide
aperture (usually at least f/5.6) to throw the
background out of focus, while keeping the face sharp.
mm
f/5.6at200
The f/5.6 rule is one that is used frequently and
successfully by many professional lifestyle photographers,
who like to work fast and prefer to concentrate on their
interaction with the subject rather than changing settings.
If you want to include more of the environment, however,
in the frame, a smaller aperture (usually coupled with a
wider lens) is required to keep the background, as well as
the subject, in sharp focus.
While ambient light is quite often sufcient and
sometimes ideal you should also consider using
studioash. As well as allowing you to control the direction
of the light, you can adjust the intensity to provide the
exact amount of light you need for any given aperture.
Once you learn how to use it correctly, a one or two-light
set-up can also open up scope for creative opportunities.
SHOOTING DISTANCE
Portraits can look exceptionally attering when the zone
Both shots were taken using the same lens and
of sharpness is extremely shallow. The easiest way to do
aperture, but depth-of-eld was altered by changing
this is to follow all the tricks that are required to give an
the shooting distance. The shorter distance gives less
image the shallowest depth-of-eld, namely using a
depth-of-eld, which blurs the window blinds.
telezoom set to the maximum aperture with a relatively
strong directional light. When using this technique, be sure
short shooting distance. The result is a tight crop of the face
to focus on the appropriate part of the face, usually an eye
where, bar a small focused area, much of the frame is
but sometimes the mouth, depending on where you want
thrown out of focus. The result is a very soft image that,
the viewers gaze drawn to. Its certainly worth giving it a go
with some thought given to lighting, can look romantic if lit
with a friend or family member and seeing how you get on.
by diffused light, or more arty and striking if used with
Lenschoice
You can use most lenses for
portraits, from the tele-end of an
18-55mm kit lens to telezooms
like a 55-200mm. Using a longer
focal length provides a more
attering perspective than using
a wide-angle and also produces a
shallower depth-of-eld, making
it ideal for eye-grabbing portraits.
Portraittoptips
1) SHOOT HANDHELD It will
enable you to move more freely
and frame quicker. Better still, use
a monopod. Using the maximum
aperture provides the fastest
possible shutter speed, but if its
still low, use the image stabiliser if
your DSLR or lens has it and/or
raise the ISO rating.
2) CHECK YOUR DISTANCE
At very wide apertures, you have
to be careful not to move forward
or backward after focusing as this
will lead to an unsharp shot.
3) EYE CONTACT Ensure that the
subjects eyes are clean and
make-up has been carefully
applied. Try some shots with the
subject looking into the lens and
others with them looking away.
4) USE THE SHADOWS Pay
attention to the lighting and to
where the shadows fall, as they
can add drama to an image.
5) CONSIDER MONO Its always
worth converting portraits to
black & white and seeing how
they compare to colour images.
Differentialfocusing
Another popular technique when
using shallow depth-of-eld is
differential focusing. Its a simple one
to master but the secret is knowing
when to use it. The basic principle is
to use a very wide aperture to
emphasise a particular subject within
the frame by having it in focus while
the rest of the scene (background or
foreground) is out of focus. Its
particularly effective when there is a
lot of depth in the scene and youre
using a wide aperture that blurs
elements in the frame to the point
that its still recognisable. Use it to
pick out a particular person in a
crowd or to produce a creative
portrait with a story to tell.
HIDE AND SEEK: These images
illustrate the effect differential focusing
has on an image. The same exposure
was used in both shots but the focus
was changed to reveal different
elements in the scene.
Focusonnearestperson
Focusonfurthestperson
2nd Edition
istock photo
Creativeuseofdepth-of-field
Depth-of-field is one of the most
creative in-camera tools, so think
how you can use it to add an extra
dimension to your images.
100% elinchrom
www.elinchrom.com
Image by waynelawes.co.uk
SIMPL
STEPS E
BETTETO
PICTU R
RES
PORTRAITLIGHTING
ESSENTIAL ADVICE & TECHNIQUES THAT WILL HELP YOU TO CONTROL LIGHT LIKE A PRO
28 Portraitlighting:Usingdaylight
Howtocontroldaylight
Understanding how to manipulate available light is an
essential skill for the portrait photographer to master
WORKING WITH DAYLIGHT has several advantages and disadvantages for the
portrait photographer compared to articial light sources such as studioash
and ashguns. Daylight is incredibly versatile: the range of images that are
possible, depending on the weather and the time of day, and the wide variety of
lighting effects are tremendous. And, lets not forget its free! However,
unfortunately, available light as its often termed has the problem of also
being unavailable both at night or on days of particularly poor weather when
light levels are too low to justify the effort. One of the most wonderful things
about working with daylight is that it allows you the chance to shoot outdoors in
literally any location. Whether its in the local park, a scrapyard or down by the
coast, the options for great daylight portraits are limited only by your
imagination and the ability you have to control daylight. And in the respect of
the latter, despite the light source being millions of miles away, you still have
plenty of control over how daylight falls on the subject, simply through the use
of basic lighting aids such as reectors and diffusers. Over the course of the
following pages well show you how using the most basic of lighting accessories
and techniques can transform your daylight portraits. As youll discover,
compared to shooting a straightforward snap, the extra effort required to place
your subject correctly and use a lighting aid is minimal, but the difference it
makes to the nal images will be evident. So invest in a reector or two and,
should you be really keen on shooting outdoor portraits, buy a diffuser too,
theyll really help to improve your portrait pictures.
SettingupyourDSLRfordaylightportraits
EXPOSURE Before you head
outdoors, take a minute to
prepare your DSLR so once youre
on location, you can begin
shooting without delay. Firstly,
you should set your camera to
aperture-priority mode, as youll
want to ensure that the
depth-of-eld is limited. Wed
recommend you start by shooting
at f/5.6. If shutter speeds are low
enough to risk shake, raise the
ISO rating to 400 and switch on
image stabilisation if you have it.
METERING In terms of metering, you should nd the multi-zone pattern to
be perfectly adequate, but if youre shooting a dark-skinned person
close-up, be prepared to add one to two stops exposure compensation.
FOCUSING Wed suggest you switch from multi-point AF to central-point
focus as otherwise you risk focusing on the subjects brows or nose, rather
than the eyes. Point the central AF point over the eye and half-depress the
shutter button to lock focus, then recompose and shoot.
ALSO CONSIDER... While you can shoot with the White Balance set to
Auto (AWB), youre better off setting it once youve arrived at the scene to
the most suitable preset, especially if youre shooting in JPEG only. Wed
strongly recommend you shoot in Raw + JPEG, though; this way you can
review the smaller JPEG images on your computer. Then open and
process your Raw les for ultimate quality, including any adjustments to
White Balance or exposure that you need to make.
Whichlensisbest?
Using a telephoto focal length,
which attens perspective, is
the best choice as it gives the
most attering portraits. You
can get away with using the
tele-end of your standard
zoom, but youll nd a
telephoto zoom, such as a
55-200mm, is a far better
choice. Alternatively, you could
go old-school and shoot with
a prime lens such as a 50mm
f/1.8 (effectively an 80mm with
APS-C sensors), which has the
advantage of a wider maximum
aperture than zooms.
2nd Edition
SettingyourDSLRfordaylightportraits
Select aperture priority, set the White Balance for the shooting
conditions and centre-point AF. Youre now ready to shoot!
1) Set the mode dial on the

top-plate to AV to select
aperture-priority mode.
2) Press the WB button and
use the four-way control to
select White Balance. Select
the WB preset you want to use
and then press the OK button.
3) Press the AF points button
and select central-point AF.
4) Press the AF button and set
the AF mode to One Shot.
1
3
NIKONDSLRSINCLUDINGD3100/5100

right of the top-plate to A to
select aperture-priority mode.
2) Press the i button and use
the four-way control to select
White Balance. Select the WB
preset you want to use and
then press the OK button.
Press i again and set the AF
mode to AF-S and the AF-area
mode to central-point only.
OLYMPUSE-SERIES

right of the top-plate to A to
select aperture-priority mode.
2) Press the OK button and
Press OK again and set the AF
mode to S-AF and the AF
points to central-point only.
PENTAXK-SERIES
1) Set the mode dial on the left

of the top-plate to AV to select
2) Press the OK button and
3) Press MENU, then select
the Rec. Mode tab and set the
AF mode to AF.S and then
select the central AF point.
3
2
SONYALPHASERIES
1) Set the mode dial on the left

of the top-plate to A to select
2) Press the Fn button and use
the four-way control to select
White balance. Press the AF
button and select the WB
preset you want to use.
Now press the Fn button
again, select Autofocus mode
and select Spot in AF area and
AF-S in Autofocus mode.
2nd Edition
Portraitlighting:Usingdaylight 29
Shooting portraits with

daylight is a great way to get
to grips with the fundamental
techniques of lighting and to
learn how to use aids such as
reectors and diffusers.
Main lighting accessories

for daylight portraits
3
1
When working with daylight, you dont have

the level of control that studioash allows
with lighting direction and intensity. But
while you cant control the sun itself, by
using reectors, diffusers or a combination
of the two, you can control the amount of
daylight reaching your subject. Reectors and
diffusers come in various forms, with the most
common covered here.
REFLECTORS This simple accessory is incredibly
effective at lling in shadows and can make a major
improvement to your portraits. The standard type
and the one you should begin with has a white side
and a silver side (1). The white side reects a clean,
neutral light and is ideal when you can place it relatively
close to the subject, as it reects an even spread of light.
The silver is far more efcient, producing a stronger result, so can be
overpowering in bright sunlight or if placed too close to the subject, but is
ideal in very overcast conditions or when shooting in shade. Gold reectors
are also available and like silver, are very efcient, but add a warm golden
glow to the light. You should look for collapsible reectors as theyre light and
easy to store away. The larger the reector, the wider the area they cover
look for a minimum diameter of 80cm and dont go too

big as they can be cumbersome to use. Those with grips, such
as Lastolites Tri-Grip, are great when you have no assistance, as you
can hold it with one hand. Other reectors to check out are those that come
with a silver and gold slip-on sleeve (2) or those with a lightweight frame,
such as the California Sunbounce (3).
30 Outdoortechnique:Diffusingsunlight
2nd Edition
Controllingbrightsunlight
THERE ARE MANY BENEFITS to taking photos
outdoors on a day when the sky is blue and the sun is
beaming. Light levels are very high, so youve a full
range of apertures and shutter speeds to choose
from, even with the ISO rating set to a low sensitivity
for maximum image quality. Also, because the
weather is warmer, subjects are happier to sit and
pose for you and youve a full choice of outts for
them to wear. Plus, because the light is so bright,
colours tend to be punchier and saturation higher,
which all help add extra impact to images.
However, while there are many benets to shooting
in sunlight, there are also drawbacks to take into
account. The rst is the most obvious: sunlight is very
bright and direct, so if your subject is facing it, they
will most likely be squinting and their face and chin
will have very harsh shadows, which amounts to a
very unattering portrait. Facing them away from the
sun is one solution, but youll then need to watch out
for are, as well as cope with a subject whose face is
in deep shadow. The high contrast between the bright
background and the subject also means that youll
have to be careful with metering, to ensure that
the subject isnt underexposed.
Sunlitstep-by-step
For this simple step-by-step, weve taken
some pictures in a garden using a
Lastolite Skylite, which is a large diffuser
panel that requires at least one person to
hold it. Smaller panels that are easier to
handhold are available but bear in mind
that the diffused area will also be smaller.
Take a look at the Portrait Gear section
for further details of the types of diffusers
available. As youll see, reectors also
have their part to play in manipulating
diffused light to help give the effect
youre looking for. In this shoot, the
camera was set to aperture-priority
mode at f/5.6 (ISO 100) and White
Balance to Sunlight.
Heres the basic set-up for the pictures.
1
Were shooting around 3pm so the
suns still very high in the sky, so the
diffuser has to be held over Rubys head.
You can see the large area of diffused light
it produces beneath her.
This is the result of this basic set-up.

2
Because the sun is obscured by the
panel, Ruby isnt squinting and as the
diffuser is just above her head, her hair has

an attractive highlight. However, while the
light on her face is fairly even, there are still
some faint shadows that need removing.
To add a little colour to the diffused

3
light, I place a sunre reector on the
grass within the diffused shade, angled up
towards Rubys face. Its a powerful
reector, but as Im positioned under the
panel its effect doesnt
cause Ruby to squint.
The resulting image is much better

4
than the shot captured using the
diffuser alone. The light from the sunres
surface has added warmth to Rubys skin

and has evened out the shadows. The
result is more than satisfactory but Im not
happy with the pose so I want to try
something else.
The other solution, which we illustrate here, is to

use a diffuser panel, placed between the sun and the
subject, to bathe the model in a far more attering
light. In effect youre shading the subject from the
sun, but using a diffuser offers a number of
differences to placing the subject within a shaded
location. The nature of light passing through a
diffuser is very non-directional, much like shade, but
because the light has passed through a white
material, its neutral, clean and retains a relatively
high level of illumination. Whereas in the shade, the
light is reected off surfaces, which if coloured will
inuence the light falling on the subject. And,
because the light has bounced off one or more
surfaces, it will be less bright, meaning you have less
choice with exposure settings.
The other key difference is that by diffusing direct
sunlight, youre not limited in terms of location. You
can shoot from the middle of a garden, beach or park,
or anywhere else that suits your fancy, as youre able
to use the diffuser panel to control the light falling on
the subject. And as the diffused light is even, you can
shoot from any direction, therefore being able to
place the subject against a backdrop of your choice.
ISTOCK PHOTO
A bright summers day may seem like the ideal time to shoot outdoor portraits, but only if
you know how to diffuse harsh directional sunlight to produce attering results
Shootingintolight
If you dont have a diffuser, you
can try shooting with the sun to
your subjects back and try to
nd a position where the sun is
obscured from view. Using the
leaves of a tree is one option, or,
as in this example, a
wide-brimmed hat provides a
very photogenic solution. Use a
white reector to bounce light
back towards the subject and
either use AE-Lock to take a
reading from their face, or add
between +1 to +2 stops of
exposure compensation.
Finalimage
I ask Ruby to lie down
on her front and I do the
same. As shes very close
to the sunfire reflector,
the effect is too strong so
I turn it over to the white
surface. Its effect is far
softer and more neutral
and, along with the pose,
gives a better result.
32 Outdoortechnique:Portraitsoncloudydays
2nd Edition
Shooting inovercastconditions
Anyone who lives in the UK will know
were blessed with more cloudy days than clear
skies and sunshine, even in the summer
months. For most, this might not sound ideal,
but for a portrait photographer its perfect; a
blanket of grey cloud acts as a natural diffuser,
providing even, malleable light for you to
control with ease using lighting aids such as
reflectors. A cloudy day offers the greatest
scope for manipulating sunlight as the angle,
strength and tone of the light hitting your
subject simply depends on what type of
reflector you choose to use and how its
positioned. As theres no direct sunlight to
contend with, youre also free to place your
subject anywhere you please, even at high
noon, without having to worry about harsh
sunlight creating unsightly shadows and stark
highlights. As youre dealing with flat lighting,
to add a summer feel to your shots, try to have
your subject dress in brightly coloured clothing
and find an environment with colour impact,
like a lush green field or head to a garden filled
with summer flowers.
how well your subject is lit doesnt always
depend on your environment, but often your
skill using lighting aids. As the light will be
descending through the clouds, it is a good
Handlingovercastlight
working with kids is tough at the best of
times, so shooting in overcast conditions is
ideal because you can allow them to move
around freely knowing you dont have to
worry about harsh shadows or squinting in
direct sunshine. we helped Brett harkness
on a typical lifestyle shoot as he worked his
magic in very overcast lighting conditions.
Bretts model is a typical eight year-old,
unable to sit still for more than a few frames
before running off to explore and play. the
beauty of a cloudy sky means Brett can let
him do this and then when the opportunity
arises for a good shot, simply manoeuvre a
reflector to improve the quality of light.
when photographing your kids, or someone
elses, remember to have fun: youre more
likely to get better shots of them if you
succumb to a few games than if your force
them to comply with your shoot.
Having scouted the location for suitable
1
backgrounds, Brett started by sitting his
subject in front of a green door and set an
aperture of f/5.6. As the light levels were low,

we positioned a Lastolite sunfire/silver
reflector to the side of him to create a little
contrast from the flat, low light.
With his face in focus, Brett rattled off a few

2
frames, encouraging the subject to give a
few different expressions and to mess around
with the grass. To get a more dynamic picture,
Brett twists his camera to get a diagonal
composition.
After letting the subject play for a while,

3
Brett sat him on top of a mesh cage to stop
him moving around. We held two Lastolite
TriGrip reflectors below, and to the side of him,

to bounce the light descending from the sky.
We used one close to him and the other further
away to create slight contrast in his face.
brett harkness
Cloudy days are a blessing in disguise for portrait photographers. We show you
how simple it is to manipulate Mother Natures softbox for great images
idea to position the reflector below and angled
upwards towards the subject to fill in any
shadows. Also try varying the distance of the
reflector from the subject to get the light
intensity youre after. if youre dealing with
young children, why not have them sit on the
reflector: it will fill in any shadows by bouncing
the maximum amount of light back onto the
subject from the sky and it doubles up as a
magic carpet ideal for keeping those little
ones occupied long enough to rattle off a
couple of frames. looking around your
environment for reflective surfaces, such as
marble or white-coloured walls, can also be
useful for bouncing light onto your subject:
watch out for colour surfaces though as they
will reflect coloured light.
there are several types of reflectors to
choose from, with a 5-in-1 kit being the best
option for beginners, as they include a gold,
white and silver side that vary in reflectance.
in some scenarios, though, you may find the
silver reflector is too harsh and cool while the
gold is too warm. in cases like this, you may
want to invest in a mixed reflector such as
lastolites triGrip sunfire/slver reflector, which
Brett harkness uses here in the following
step-by-step.
Createbacklightwithflash
More often than not, bright sunshine wont
make an appearance when you want it to.
so, the next best thing is a flash. Mixing
daylight with flash can, from a practical point
of view, help fill in any shadows and, from a
creative point of view, catapult your images to
a new level of dynamism. its a more advanced
technique to tackle, but if you continue to
practice it youll find it opens up a whole range
of possibilities. one technique you could try is
placing a flashgun behind your subject to
mimic a sunlit backlight. As your flash is
off-camera, youll need to be able to trigger it
wirelessly. if youre trying this technique for
the first time, set your camera to program
mode and your flash to ttl. if you find that
the flash effect is too low, boost its power by
dialling in (positive) flash compensation.
Finalimage
Bretts series of images
captured a variety of
expressions and poses. The
reflectors worked a treat with
the lighting and we used Levels
to boost the saturation slightly
to give us this final result.
34 Outdoortechnique:Shootinginshade
2nd Edition
How totakeportraitsundercover
If youre ever struggling to work with harsh direct sunlight, one easy way
to control the light is to step into some shade. Find out how we go about it...
WHEN THE SUN IS STRONG and high in the sky,
theres often nowhere to escape its harsh rays and
high-contrast conditions. So if youre after a wide,
smooth tonal range with limited contrast and better
control and you dont have a diffuser, your best chance
for success is to nd cover in a spot of shade, such as
under a tree or beside a building. Either way placing
your subject in some shade instantly improves lighting
and gives you more control over the strength and
direction of the ambient light. Just remember that the
light will be softer, cooler and more diffused, so youll
also have lower light levels to consider, as well as
potential and colour casts.
As shade is naturally cooler than sunlight, as well as
setting your White Balance to Shade, you may want to
opt for a reector that adds warmth, such as a gold
reector or Lastolites sunre/silver reector. You will
also need to be aware of surrounding colours, because
dark surfaces absorb light while pale ones reect it.
Watch out for strong coloured surfaces too as they may
reect coloured light, so dont place your subject too
close and be aware that you may need to adjust your
White Balance settings appropriately, or shoot in Raw
so you can correct any colour cast later.
Shootinginshade
We asked pro photographer Brett Harkness

to show us his process for shooting in
shade. This alleyway was perfect; it offered
some shade and the contained light meant
it was soft and easily controllable. To get the
right level of light on Emma, his model, he
had her walk very slowly from inside the
alley, towards him and the light until he was
happy with how her face was illuminated.
As light levels were low, Brett started with
1
a wide aperture of f/4 and cranked up his
ISO to 640 to generate a fast enough shutter
speed to shoot handheld. The rst few shots

he took were good but even though the
background is blurred, theres still a lot going
on. Brett zoomed his lens in closer to make a
tighter head-and-shoulder crop. Much better!
For a different shot, he positioned Emma

2
leaning against a wall but by moving her
the light on her face was reduced, so he
brought in a reector. We opted for the

silver-strong side of the Lastolite Sunre
reector as it gave the strongest reectance
and lled in a lot of the shadows.
If youre using a wide aperture like f/4 you
need to be extremely careful where you place
your focus point. Here, Brett has focused on
Emmas eyes using selective focusing, which
has thrown the foreground and background
out of focus. The wall also provides useful
lead-in lines to Emmas face, strengthening
the composition.
When shooting in shade, you need to be aware of

where the light is coming from, which can be tricky as
its likely to be bouncing off different surfaces like walls
and oors at various angles, but with practice youll
learn how to master it. By placing your subject in the
shade, an easiest way to control the strength and
direction of light is to vary the subjects distance from
the shade and sun; the closer they are to leaving the
shaded area, the stronger the light. You can further
control light by moving a reector towards or away
from the subject. You can also control the contrast by
where you position your subject, for instance half in the
light and half in the shadow or with their back to the
light so theyre backlit. If you try the latter technique,
position a reector in front of your subject to reect
light onto the face to ll in any shadows. You could also
try turning your back to the sun, and have your model
face you it will cast a very attering, soft and
low-contrast light over their face.
Learning how to work with shade is useful when
shooting on sunny days, especially if youre dealing
with subjects who are wearing clothes that are near
white or black in tone, or are dark-skinned, as in bright
conditions it can be an exposure nightmare.
2
WhiteBalance
Most beginners keep their
White Balance set to Auto and
normally get good results, but
selecting the White Balance to
match the lighting conditions
will provide a more accurate
result. For instance, by setting
AWB, a photograph in shade
looks very blue, but changing the
WB to Shade will provide a
warmer result. You can take
things even further by using the
Custom WB setting or one of
the other presets to produce
images that deliberately have a
warmer or cooler tone.
Finalimage
We picked our favourite
and converted it to black &
white. Note how the shaded
light produces beautifully
smooth skin tones.
36 Outdoortechnique:Themagichour
2nd Edition
Shooting late in theday
Daniel Lezano reveals the challenges and rewards

of shooting in the nal minutes of the days light
THE MAGIC HOUR IS A PHRASE thats commonly used by landscape

photographers to describe the period of time early in the morning or late in the
day, when the sun is so low in the sky that the light it casts has a strong golden
hue. For landscape images, this type of light can give scenes a threedimensional feel as the low light creates shadows that reveal the depth and
contours of the scenery. For portrait photography, this time of day provides a
golden light that will add warmth to a subjects skin tone and backdrop.
Picking this time of day for your shoot has its benets but also means you
have to work fast, because you literally have minutes to take advantage of the
setting sun before it disappears. You also need to be aware that youre at the
mercy of the weather, as if its cloudy, you will have little or no golden light to
play with. However, if you are lucky enough to have this wonderful light appear,
as well as shooting with the subject facing the light, its also worth using the
sunset as a colourful backdrop.
What is also ideal about this time of day is youre guaranteed soft light once
the sun has dropped low in the sky, as the entire scene will be in shade. This
means that you can work without any lighting aids if you want, although even
with low-light levels, youll nd reectors still produce some illumination,
seemingly out of nothing! The extra reectance will come in useful when trying
to avoid camera shake, as the very low light results in a longer shutter speed.
To provide an example of the sort of daylight portrait you could shoot in these
conditions, I headed to a local park to capture a couple of shots of a friends
daughter. Ruby has blonde curly hair, which I felt would be good for the late
afternoon shoot, backlit by the sunlight. Rather than go for colourful clothing
that would contrast with the browns and greens of the park, I arranged for Ruby
to wear neutral tones to complement the colour of the scenery more.
With such a short time period to work in, its best to arrive at your chosen
location ten minutes ahead of when you plan to shoot, so you can spot potential
viewpoints and backgrounds. I decided to shoot close to the bank of a pond, as
it meant the horizon was unobstructed and I would have the light for longer than
if I was to shoot within the park where trees would block the falling sun.
I took with me a white, silver and gold reector, which Rubys mum was happy
to hold in position when required. The white reector, while a number one
choice in most daylight shoots, might prove to be too inefcient to bounce
enough daylight when light levels fell very low. In this instance the silver or gold
reector could prove more useful, although care would need to be taken with
the gold reector when combined with the already golden light from the low
sun, that it didnt create too warm a cast.
As with the majority of my portrait shoots, I used my DSLR (with 50mm f/1.8
lens) set to aperture-priority, with the initial aperture setting at f/5.6. The White
Balance was set to AWB, due to the changing lighting conditions, and I shot in
Raw + JPEG, to allow me to tweak WB if necessary in post-production.
With the suns orb still visible in the sky, I position Ruby in front of a lake, with her
back to the sun to make the most of the golden colours of the backdrop. While the
low sun creates a glow in her hair, the glare effect is too strong, reducing contrast
and adversely affecting the image.
I move Ruby to stand in front of a tree and try shooting from a variety of viewpoints,
remembering to alternate the format by taking portrait and landscape images. The
texture of the tree adds interest and the golden light from the sun, to Rubys left,
adds a lovely warmth to her skin.
Avoidingcamerashake
Due to the relatively slow shutter speeds that occur when shooting at
this time of day, avoiding camera shake should be at the forefront of
your mind. The easiest way to do this is use image stabilisation if your
camera or lens has it, stick to a wide aperture of around f/4-5.6 and set
the ISO rating to at least 400. You should also use a moderate telephoto
lens of between 50mm to 100mm, rather than a longer telephoto,
which increase the risk of shake. Using the reciprocal rule can help you
determine when you run the risk of shake. To do this, ensure your shutter
speed is at least equal or faster than the reciprocal of the lens in use.
For instance, if you are using a focal length of 100mm, ensure the shutter
speed is at least 1/100sec, at 200mm use 1/200sec or faster, and so on.
1/30sec
1/60sec
Before the sun has completely set, and the scene becomes totally shaded, the light
still has a very slight touch of gold to it, adding colour to her hair. Positioning a white
reector to Rubys left side allows me to bounce a little extra light in to ll any
shadows, yet retain the skins natural tones.
Going too gold!

Take care with the gold
reector: using it with a
setting sun can overdo the
warm effect, especially if the
reector is positioned too
close to the subject. Save the
gold for when the subject is
in deep shade and try a silver
or white reector instead.
Gold
White
Watc
h out f
Avoid m
or win
pull it essy hair b
d!
b
e
h
in
d their y having you
in a po
r
e
n
s
a
y
u
rs
ta
b
,
ject
il
tie the
Also tr
or pig
windb y positionin tails, or weair hair
g them
r a hat.
reak, s
b
uch as
a wall eside a
or tree
Finalimageoftheday
By moving further away from Ruby,
I can use some of the scenery to add
visual interest to the image. By shooting
in an upright format and placing Ruby
off-centre, I used the line of trees to lead
the eye through the scene towards her.
38 Indoortechniques:Fundamentalsofhomeportraits
ew of us have the luxury of a

photography studio to hand and the uKs
volatile weather means shooting outdoors is
not always an option. But dont feel defeated;
you can still take stunning portraits indoors regardless
of what may seem a daunting plethora of problems to
tackle, such as low light, mixed light, limited space
and cluttered backgrounds. But we promise you, by
the end of this guide, youll recognise more lighting
possibilities, know how to make the most of almost
any indoor-lighting scenario and be bursting to try out
some of our fun shoots for every room in your house.
one big advantage to shooting portraits at home is
that few people feel more relaxed when surrounded
by familiar home comforts, so you may find getting
natural-looking expressions and poses easier and
quicker. this type of photography is also very
inexpensive; theres no need to pay for a studio or
props, as a home has everything you need, and your
basic set-up need only comprise of a Dslr, a portrait
lens (a 50mm is ideal), tripod and possibly a
flashgun. of course, you can introduce accessories
too, such as a reflector or softboxes for your
flashguns, but you can always centre your shoot
around natural light.
whether youre shooting in your own home or
someone elses, its a good idea to meander around
the house in search of natural light sources and scout
out locations. look for windows and interesting dcor,

as well as neutral backdrops, white walls and low
ceilings to bounce flash off if needed. you may get
lucky and have a house with a beautiful glass-roofed
conservatory, but you may also find yourself
scrounging for glimmers of light in dark, cramped
rooms, and if this is the case, look to move the shoot
to a garage or even the garden shed!
the number one rule for indoor portraits is that
there are no rules: the environment dictates the shoot
and you have to work with what light you can find or
create. for instance, if a room is dark in colour, you
may need to bring in studio lighting or a flashgun, or
decide to work with it for a low-key or low-light
portrait. alternatively a light-coloured room can act as
a giant softbox, bouncing light off the walls, which is
ideal for most shoots and great for high-key images.
available household lighting can offer options too, but
be aware of your white Balance as youll be working
with mixed light of different temperatures. the time of
day and year also offers benefits and challenges.
During winter, most natural light will be gone by 3pm
but this just means you can turn your hand to
low-light portraits instead. In the summer, however,
there is more natural light available, although it will be
much stronger too, so its best to avoid windows in
direct sunlight unless you have some heavy diffusion
materials handy. the possibilities are endless!
SettingupyourdigitalSLRforindoorportraits
1)EXPOSURE Aperture-priority mode is a good place to start when shooting indoor portraits using available
light. By using this semi-automatic mode, you will be able to make the most of limited light by using a wide
aperture and shallow depth-of-field to blur distracting backgrounds. If you switch to studioflash, remember to
turn your camera to manual mode and dial in the exposure settings having metered the scene.
2)METERINGThe multi-zone pattern should be more than sufficient for an accurate exposure, but to make sure
your shots are sharp when limited lighting is a concern, try raising the ISO rating a couple of stops to increase the
shutter speed and avoid shake. Also engage image stabilisation and consider using a tripod, although this will
limit your mobility a little. Its better to have a sharp image with some noise than one ruined by blur!
3)FOCUSINGWhile for the most part autofocus will do the job well, its best to set your camera to central-point
focus or to use selective focusing, rather than multi-point AF, as its likely to pinpoint the nose or eyebrows and
not the eyes. Point the central AF point over the eye and half-depress the shutter button to lock focus and then
recompose your shot. In very low-light scenarios, you may find that its easier to switch to manual focus as AF
can sometimes struggle in low-contrast situations.
4)whITE balaNCEWhile shooting in Raw means you can tweak the White Balance in Photoshop, its
always best to try and get it right in-camera. Working indoors means you may have to tackle mixed lighting
and unflattering colour casts. To correct this, take a spot meter reading off a grey card (or white sheet of paper)
held in front of your subjects face and use this to set your custom White Balance setting. It will help too if you
remember to turn off any indoor lights that are not needed to illuminate the scene, this includes blocking any
unneeded windowlight as this can also vary in temperature depending on the time of day.
1
2nd Edition
Accessoriesforindoorportraits
lenses
As light levels can
be limited, ideally
use a portrait
lens with a wide
maximum aperture,
such as f/1.8, so you
can make the most
of the light and
create a shallow depth-of-field to blur
distracting backgrounds. A 50mm prime
lens or the short end of 55-200mm
telezoom are good options. A standard zoom
like a 18-55mm kit lens is also usable; the
widest focal length is ideal for group shots
but any wider and at close range in cramped
spaces you risk distorting perspective.
Reflectors
When there isnt
enough light or
its just too harsh,
reflectors are
invaluable for filling
in shadows. The
5-in-1 version is a
great tool, with a
white side to reflect clean, neutral light; a
silver side for a cool, strong light and a gold
for a warm golden glow. There is also a black
side to absorb light and a diffuser to soften
harsh rays. A Lastolite Triflector is also a
very efficient accessory and with three
adjustable sides to control the amount and
direction of light, it may be all you need.
Flashgun
Your DSLRs built-in
flash is suitable for
some techniques,
but for the most
flattering light
and more creative
options, its best to
invest in a hotshoemounted flashgun, which can be triggered
off-camera and held at a 45 angle to your
model. A flashgun can also be used with
accessories like softboxes to make the most
of your light without having to invest in an
expensive studio set-up.
Flashmeter
When you want
to bring some
studioflash into the
set-up, a flash meter
is essential. Attach
the sync lead and
hold the meter in
front of the subjects
face and press the button to find out the
aperture you need to input to achieve a
correct exposure.
Flashgundiffusion
A burst of flash
from an off-camera
light source could
save many indoor
portraits from being
underexposed, but
often the glare is too
strong for softly-lit,
flattering portraits, which is where diffusion
accessories come in. The Lastolite Ezybox is
brilliant for portraits shot at home, because
its portable and much easier to prepare and
put away than a conventional softbox.
It comes in two sizes, with the larger version
better for photographing groups. Also
check out the Strobies Portrait Kit (www.
interfitphotographic.com) for more lighting
options. Youll also find a number of flash
accessories in the gear section of this guide.
brett harkness
Dresstoimpress
Clothing can really add or detract from a shot,
so dont leave it as afterthought. While you need
to judge the right clothes based on the style of
the shoot, generally in the autumn or winter opt
for block colours, whites and creams to brighten
up an image, and darker tones for summer
portraits. You may also be surprised at how a
checked or stripped top can add to an otherwise
simple shot. While theres a time and a place for
a mans suit, you may find the best shots come
from him taking off his tie and his shoes and
undoing his top button for a more relaxed look.
40 Indoortechniques:Availablelighting
Usingavailablelightsources
When natural light is in short supply, household lighting may be your
only lifeline. We tell you how to make the most of any available light
Thebathtubreflector!
Unless you have an avocado or pink suite, a bathroom
could be the only room in the house where you have
access to clean, white light. It can be a great place to
maximise natural light as the white surfaces of the
walls replicate a similar effect to a giant softbox. If the
light is still limited, however, you could try placing your
subject in a white bathtub as light will bounce off the
sides to mimic the job of a reector this technique is
ideal for little people. You could also bounce ash off
the sides of the tub for a similar effect.
BRETT HARKNESS
stand with your back to the window and have

the model look out to get an even soft light over
their face or, if you want more shadow, stand
them side on to a window and ll in with a
reector on the other side. Usually the bigger
the window the softer the light and, with a big
window behind you, it can also be used to give
the models eyes an interesting catchlight.
At night, available light is pretty much limited
to room lighting, in particular the traditional
tungsten bulb, halogen lights built into ceiling
panels, spotlights and, in the majority of
kitchens, uorescent lighting. All have very
different characteristics in terms of how they
distribute light, from focused beams of a
spotlight, to the non-directional spread of a
tungsten bulb, which should be explored to nd
the best way they can be used to light the
subject effectively. Also, remember that each
has its own colour temperature, so be sure to
set the appropriate White Balance preset to get
accurate colours, or use a test shot of a grey
card to set a custom WB setting on your DSLR
(your cameras instructions will explain how).
Another option to try is to use an incorrect
White Balance setting to produce images that
exhibit a strong cool or warm cast that adds
mood to the scene. Whichever method you
decide to use, wed strongly recommend you
shoot in Raw as you can then easily tweak
White Balance when converting images from
Raw to JPEG on your computer.
2nd Edition
BRETT HARKNESS
WHEN YOURE SHOOTING INDOORS, you

need to make the most of any available light.
During the day, this may be in the form of
sunlight streaming through a window or patio
doors, or the soft diffused light ooding in
through a netted window.
Covering all the various options to controlling
and manipulating daylight indoors could ll a
tome, but there are a few basic lighting
principles that if applied properly, pretty much
guarantee great results.
The light indoors will usually be diffused and
non-directional as it has bounced off walls, the
ceiling and oor, which means its already
attering for portraits. Should you have strong
light streaming in, use net curtains, or hang a
sheet of muslin or other thin, white, diffusing
material over the window to soften the light.
Alternatively, move the subject away from the
window to soften the light falling on them.
Regardless of the nature of the light or its
intensity, the one accessory you should have to
hand is a reector. This lighting aid will help you
get the most out of even the smallest amount of
light by bouncing ambient light back on to a
subjects face. If you havent got one already,
invest in a silver/white reector or better still, a
3-in-1 reector that also includes a gold surface.
If youre struggling for a neutral background,
stand your model in front of a window for an
instant white backdrop and bounce sunlight
back onto the face with a reector. Alternatively,
BRETT HARKNESS
Above:Addmoodandmystery
Windowlight is perfect for attering portraits. Try adding
an air of mystery to your image by having the subject look
contemplative out the window and avoid eye contact.
Underexpose the image slightly to darken the subject a little.
Left:Doingitforthekids!
Be prepared for anything when photographing children.
Be ready as soon as you step through the front door, so
you dont miss any opportunities to take a candid picture.
For an even light across your

models face, stand with your
back to a window and shoot
your model facing towards
the windowlight.
paul ward
Backtoawindow
42 Indoortechnique:Windowlighting
The Essential Guide to portraits
2nd edition
Shoot a windowlit portrait!

Stewart bywater:
When the unpredictable British
weather prevents you from
heading outside, one really easy
technique to try indoors is to take a
windowlit portrait. Many master portrait
photographers have said that they
actually prefer windowlight to any
artificial light source, as it provides more
natural results and can be controlled in a
number of ways, such as by diffusing it
with net curtains, various kinds of paper,
or using a reflector to bounce light back
onto your subject. This is one of the most
traditional and simple photographic
techniques around, and will give you great
results, whatever the weather! My subject
for the session was Bob, a neighbour of
mine, who kindly agreed to sit for me. Bob
looks much younger than his age (he's
80), but he has a great deal of character
in his face this is something to consider
when choosing your subject, especially if
you want to convert it to black & white.
Usingareflector
tIMe reQUIreD
20 MINUTES
eQUIpMent neeDeD
NIkoN D700 wITh
105MM MacRo lENS
& TRIpoD
aLSO USeD
5-IN-1 REflEcToR
When shooting a windowlit portrait, such as

this, with your subject side-on to the window,
one side of the face will be brightly lit, while
the other will remain in shadow. This can
create a very striking, high-contrast look, but
thats not always the look that youll be after.
A simple way to compensate for the uneven
lighting is to use a reflector, to bounce light
back onto the parts of your subjects face that
are in shadow. Here, I have used the Digital
SLR Photographys 5-in-1 reflector, and below
you can see the effect that each of the different
coloured sides makes to Bobs face.
None
White
Silver
Gold
Getahelpinghand!
If you're without an assistant,
ask your subject to hold the
reflector off to the side.
First of all, I placed a stool by the window. Its important to choose the right
1
place, taking into account where the subjects face will be. the trick is to
ensure the light falls directly onto the face. I then set up my tripod and mounted
Once everything was in place, I asked bob to position himself in a comfortable

2
pose. I set the camera to ISO 200 (the lowest native setting on the D700), with
an aperture of f/2.8, as I just wanted to keep bob's eyes and the front of his face in
because of the low light, I was getting longer shutter speeds than I wanted,
3
which made any slight movement on bobs part really show up. Some of his
facial features were also slightly blurred, due to the shallow depth-of-field, so
I took a few pictures of bob looking straight at the camera, but the images didnt
4
capture his vivacious character; so I engaged him in conversation. bob looks
remarkably young for his 80 years, and has a great sense of humour, so by
the camera on it. I looked through the viewfinder to make sure that the camera
was the right distance from bob for the close-up shot I wanted.
I increased the ISO to 1000, and stopped the aperture down to f/5.6, giving me a
slightly faster shutter speed and an increased depth-of-field.
focus, throwing the background into a blur. I then took a few quick shots, and
reviewed them on the camera's LCD screen.
provoking a bit of emotion in his face, it showed up more of his laughter lines and
added a bit more interest to the shots.
2nd Edition
eyes!
ht in the
Catchligyour subject neoawre,ryto
ou
e wind
ioning
By positer away from thse the size of
or furth ase or decrea ons of the light
can increhlights (reectis eyes)
the catc your subject
source in
FinalImage
This is one of my favourite

images of the session, as it
captures Bobs character.
I had originally envisaged
this image as a black & white,
but I decided to convert it to
duotone in Photoshop CS3,
choosing a dark, chocolate
brown as my secondary colour.
Indoortechnique:Windowlighting 43
44 Indoortechnique:Controllingsunlight
2nd Edition
Shootasimplecontemporaryportrait
DANIEL LEZANO: Many leading lifestyle portrait photographers use
nothing more than ambient daylight for the vast majority of their
portrait shoots. So, when we have the benets of bright, sunny days at
our disposal, we should use it to capture some simple yet effective
portraits of family and friends. The best thing about shooting lifestyle portraits
is that you can do it with the minimum amount of equipment your DSLR with
a kit lens is enough although Im using my favourite optic, the humble (and
cheap!) 50mm f/1.8 lens. Due to the unpredictable nature of daylight, lighting
aids such as a reector and a diffuser can come in handy too, but arent
essential. The key thing to remember is that you want to capture a clean image,
in other words try to keep the subject and the setting as simple as possible. Ive
opted for the classic combination of having my subject, Bethany, wear a white
top and jeans, and shot her lying on my dining room's laminate ooring.
Shootataslant
TIME REQUIRED
15 MINUTES
EQUIPMENT NEEDED
CANON EOS 5D MKII
WITH 50MM F/1.8
EQUIPMENT NEEDED
SILVER REFLECTOR
AND LASTOLITE
DIFFUSER
One compositional trick that

most lifestyle photographers
apply to their images is to slant
the camera so that the images
are captured with an uneven
horizon. This simple technique
adds a little energy into the image
and is very effective just take
care not to tilt the camera too far.
Take ca
re with f
You need
ocus!
precise a to ensure your fo
s
u
gives lim sing a wide ap cusing is
margin foited depth-of-elderture, which
lock the for error. Select sin , leaves little
gle
cus on th
e eye and -point AF,
recompo
se
ABOVE: My dining room is quite small, so Ive

had to clear it completely of furniture. As my
subject will be lying on the oor, I vacuum it to
ensure its as clean as possible. Due to the
cramped space, I open the patio doors in case I
need to shoot from the patio. However, Ill start
by shooting from within the room and use the
white walls as a neutral backdrop. Using a wide
aperture to give a shallow depth-of-eld is
ideal for this type of shot and Ill be trying out
my 50mms maximum aperture of f/1.8,
although Ill take most of the images at
f/2.5-3.5 as it will improve sharpness.
Diffuseddaylight
For attering portraits, the light should be as diffused as possible to
avoid your model squinting in direct sunlight or having the light on
their face too harsh. In this instance, try to reposition them so theyre
in the shade or use a diffuser to shade the scene (inset right). If
neither of these work, you may need to wait until the suns position
changes or shoot when the sky is more overcast. A silver reector is
handy even when shooting in non-directional light to ll in shadows.
My rst shot is just a tester for composition and exposure. Ive a pretty clear
I place a silver reector to Bethany's right just out of frame and it makes a
1
2
idea in my head of the type of shot Im looking for, with Bethany lying down
noticeable difference, bouncing back enough light to even out the lighting
with her lower legs and feet bent back towards her head. This shot isnt bad, but
on the face. The lightings better, but the wall behind, while plain, causes the
the side-lighting causes her right side to be too dark.
whole scene to appear a little too cramped for my liking.
2nd Edition
Indoortechnique:Controllingsunlight 45
Finalimage
My next shot is perfect and
all I need to do is apply minimal
post-production. Ive boosted
the contrast in Curves and
cropped the image slightly to give
me the result I set out to shoot.
Give it a try youll be surprised
just how easy it is to shoot a great
lifestyle portrait at home.
I crouch down and the lower viewpoint is far better. However, the multi-zone
I shift Bethany and my position so that Im now shooting into the room from
4
meter has bleached out Bethanys face due to the dark background causing
3
the patio rather than from the side. I close the blinds in the backdrop to
it to overexpose the scene. This is easily taken care of by dialling in some
darken the background. The empty space created behind her is an
improvement over the original set-up but my viewpoint is too high.
negative exposure compensation. I find -2/3EV is ideal.
46 Indoortechnique:Ideasforeveryroom!
Project:Roomswithaview
Paul Ward shows us the huge potential for
shooting portraits in every room in the house
We challenged pro-portrait photographer Paul Ward to capture a
great portrait in every room of a house within one hour, using different
light sources and techniques that showed off whats possible with
available light, flash and imagination. as youll discover, despite the time
constraints, Paul managed to creatively use windowlight, flash, candles
and even christmas lights, as well as the humble household light bulb!
By the end, youll have no doubt as to the potential your home offers for
you to shoot great indoor portraits. Make sure you give it a go soon!
1) Master bedroom: Diffusedwindowlight

On entry to the bedroom, Paul instantly earmarked the window and mirror as
an ambient light source and interesting backdrop, so he positioned Rebecca
side-on to the net-curtained window and tried a couple of ideas. Firstly, he
asked Rebecca to turn her head away from the window so as to use the light
from the window as a white backdrop. By doing this her face fell into shade,
so a friend held a reflector to the side of Rebecca to bounce window light back
onto her face. Next, he asked her to look towards the window and to create
some extra shadow, held the curtain open slightly. As there was limited room
for a tripod, Paul set his DSLR to manual mode and set the lens to its widest
aperture of f/2.8, which gave a shutter speed of 1/60sec at ISO 800.
3) Lounge: One
tungstenlightbulb
2) Dining room:Candlelight
Make sure the room is dark and light some
candles on a table. You will need your sitter
to get as close as possible to the light for
their face to be illuminated and, to avoid a
high ISO, ask them to remain very still.
Set an aperture of at least f/2.8 in aperturepriority mode to maximise light. If you
struggle using autofocus, switch to manual
or LiveView and tweak the focusing.
A single light bulb can be

efficient in creating shots high
in contrast, as its a sharp light
source that will produce harsh
shadows. Try and get the light
bulb head-height with the
model and position it in front
of the models face and the
camera to minimise shadows.
Either set your camera to a
high ISO with an aperture
of f/2.8 or wider, or put the
camera on a tripod and get
your model to stand very still.
Remember to switch the White
Balance to Tungsten too!
2nd Edition
2nd Edition
Indoortechnique:Ideasforeveryroom! 47
5) Guest bedroom:
Christmaslights
4) Loft: Bounceflash
The principle for this shot
can be applied to any room
that has white walls or a
white ceiling. Paul used this
statement wallpaper as a
background but, as the rest
of the room is white, he was
able to bounce one flash off a
wall behind him to illuminate
Rebecca evenly. Although this
can be enough, Paul also fired
a second flash into a Brolly to
illuminate her at a 45 angle.
This shot can be done in any

room thats completely dark.
Drape Christmas lights across,
or wrap them around, your
subjects body. You will need to
use a high ISO of at least 800
and a wide aperture, such as
f/1.8, so a 50mm lens is ideal.
As long as you place some
lights on or near the face, your
cameras autofocus should lock
on to the subject but, if not,
switch to manual focus.
6) Bathroom: Diffusedwindowlight
Shutters are useful for controlling harsh sunlight and in this bathroom
set-up they were necessary as the light increased in strength as the shoot
progressed. Having taken a test shot in manual mode, I knew f/6.3 was too
narrow an aperture as even at ISO 800 it underexposed the scene. I opened
the aperture to f/4 and stopped down from 1/160sec to 1/125sec and ISO
400 to reduce noise. I asked Rebecca to angle herself side-on to the window
as space was limited, and this also provided some contrast with the aid of the
blinds across her face. While normally altering the White Balance setting to
match the lighting (in this case Daylight) turns in the best results, I also tried
a Tungsten WB to give a creative blue cast.
TungstenWB
48 Indoortechnique:Creatingwarmth
Addawarmfeeltowinterimages
Find out how to photograph a low-light portrait in front of a log fire
Theres nothing quite like curling up in front of a

roaring log fire when its freezing cold outside.
The fire light elicits a feeling of warmth and
comfort, which can also make atmospheric
portrait lighting. Unfortunately a fire doesnt
throw out as much light as you might think, so
you will often have to rely on slow shutter
speeds and high ISO ratings. You could use a
tripod to reduce the risk of camera shake, but
youll still need to be careful that your subject
stays still so not to ruin the shot.
Using a lens with a fast maximum aperture,
such as a 50mm f/1.8, helps when shooting in
limited light and has the bonus of providing an
attractively shallow depth-of-field. Even working
with an aperture of f/1.8, you may need to set
your ISO to 800 or even 1250 to get a fast
enough shutter speed to combat motion blur.
Dont go any slower than 1/60sec, otherwise
your subject may appear unsharp. Although
youll be working with low light levels, you can
expect quite a lot of contrast in the shot, so
using autofocus should not be a problem. But if
ISO640
you do find the camera struggles to lock focus

on the eyes, switch to using manual focus. Bear
in mind that when working with a wide aperture
like f/1.8, and shallow depth-of-field, you have to
be extremely careful to focus in the right place
so the image is not rendered out of focus.
There is a fair amount of experimentation
involved with this kind of shot, so make sure you
have a very cooperative subject and be aware of
how hot they can get close to the fire. A log fire is
often a point of interest for people so it doesnt
look unnatural to have someone gazing intoit. If
a child can be mesmerised by the flames long
enough to sit still you could capture some great
child portraits, or try positioning a couple in
front of the fire with a bottle of wine for a
romantic portrait instead. Cats and dogs often
lie in front of a log fire and can be perfect
subjects for this type of shot. Professional
photographer Paul Ward shows us how he
created this beautiful atmospheric shot of
Megan in her family home using a budget lens:
the Canon EOS 50mm f/1.8.
2nd Edition
Takesteamyportraitsoutside
An effective way to evoke a sense of warmth in
an outdoor winter portrait is to capture a
subject bundled in winter clothing clasping a
steaming drink. As its the steam rising from
the liquid that gives the photograph
atmosphere, you need to find a way to
enhance it while also lighting your subject
well. While you may be able to see the steam
clearly, the camera can struggle to pick it up.
To help with this, position your subject so the
steam is in front of a dark background with the
sun behind to help illuminate the steam with
a light background the steam wont show up.
Lightbackground
Darkbackground
ISO1250
In aperture-priority, the camera reacts to the changing light on Megans face,

I first did a couple of test shots in aperture-priority mode, with the camera
2
sometimes overexposing it, and I tended to get different results for each
1
set to f/1.8 to let in the maximum amount of light. I found that to shoot
shot. So once I had an idea of the best exposure (1/60sec to 1/100sec at f/1.8,
handheld I had to increase the ISO from 640 to 1250 to expose Megan and get a
fast enough shutter speed to reduce the risk of motion blur.
ISO 1250), I selected manual mode to get the same results every time.
Next I tried to see if repositioning Megan on the other side of the fire
To enhance the glow, I experimented with the White Balance setting to see if
3
improved the light on her face. Unfortunately, the natural parting of her hair
4
I could make it slightly warmer. Once I got the image I liked, I tried
meant it covered her face, creating shadows. Returning her to the original side,
converting the image to black & white in Photoshop (Layer>New Adjustment
I also asked her to tie her hair back to see if it improved the shots.
Layer>Black & White), but it killed the atmosphere completely.
Finalimage
This was my favourite image
of the shoot. Asking Megan
to pull her hair back has
allowed the fire light to
illuminate her face with
minimal shadows. You could
get a similar result shooting
a portrait by candlelight, if
you dont have a log fire.
50 Flashtechnique:Thebasicsofusingflash
Basicsforcreativeflash
Using ash creatively requires an understanding of

the relationship between ambient light and ash
USING FLASH ISNT AS DIFFICULT as it once was, but it is a little more
involved than shooting with only ambient light. When you take a picture in
daylight, the light source (the sun) is constant and you can see how it falls on
your subject. You cant do this with ash as it only bursts on to the scene
once youve pressed the shutter and, to see its effects, you need to review the
image on the LCD monitor. Judging exposure is easier with ambient light too
with experience you can tell if a subject may be over- or underexposed
based on the lighting conditions. With ash, to get the lighting just as you
want it, there is a little more trial and error involved. Thankfully, using ash is
far easier than ever before.
In fact, getting a correct exposure using ash is extremely easy as the
cameras TTL (Through The Lens) metering takes care of this for you. The
trick with ash is not so much getting the right exposure, but setting it up to
get the creative effect you want. In other words, how youd like the ash to
illuminate your subject, how youd like to balance the ash exposure with the
ambient light, and whether you want to use more than one ash unit to
achieve more advanced creative results.
Using ash creatively is all about experimenting with exposures to get the
best possible results by tapping into the versatility of your ash. If you take a
photo with your ash set in auto, youll normally nd that the subject
appears well exposed but the background is very dark or black. Do you know
why this is and do you know how to take the same shot again and avoid this
problem? Learning to set an exposure that allows more ambient light to be
recorded in the scene, to balance with the ash, is a very simple example of
understanding how creative ash can benet your photography and help you
take better pictures. We provide the answer to this question as well as
easy-to-follow advice that will help you take some exciting and creative
images with your cameras built-in ash and/or an external ashgun. If you
dont own a ashgun, wed recommend you save up for one or add it to your
gift list for a birthday or Christmas. As youll discover, thanks to the
sophistication of digital SLRs and dedicated ashguns, creative ash
photography is far easier and much more fun than ever before!
Flashaccessoriesforcreativeflash
DEDICATED OFF-CAMERA LEADS: The hotshoe isnt always the best
place for your ashgun, especially when you want to get creative! Ask your
local photo dealer about the various leads (also known as off-camera cords)
available for your camera. As well as branded leads, youll nd dedicated
cords from the likes of Hama, Lastolite and Intert, ranging from 0.6m to
ten metres! Prices start from as little as 20.
WIRELESS TTL FLASH CONTROL: The off-camera cord is a great option
but wireless, or remote control ash as its also termed, is becoming
increasingly affordable. Attach a transmitter to your hotshoe and a receiver
to the ashgun and you can operate wirelessly at distances up to 100m.
Most brands have their own dedicated units but these are expensive.
Wed recommend units from independents as theyre far
more affordable. In particular, the 60 Hahnel Combi TF
(www.hahnel.ie) is brilliant value for money.
FLASH GELS: These inexpensive sheets of colour gels
are attached by Velcro or bands to the front of your
ash head to change the colour of its ash output. Wed
recommend kits from Lumiquest (www.newprouk.co.uk)
and Honl (www.aghead.co.uk), which are made of high
quality materials yet are very affordable.
SettingflashmodesonyourDSLR
You can access ash modes via your cameras menu to control ash
exposures taken using the integral or external ashgun. The set-up is
similar on most models from the same brand.
(1) Press MENU and scroll

down the rst tab to the
Flash control option.
(2) Press SET to bring up
the various Flash control
options. By selecting either
the Built-in ash or External
ash function settings, youre
able to choose facilities such
as second-curtain sync or
ash exposure compensation.
NIKOND60/D3000/D3100
(1) Press and hold the ash

button and turn the input dial
to change ash modes. To set
ash exposure compensation,
press and hold the ash and
exposure compensation
buttons and turn the input dial.
(2) With the D3000 and more
recent models, you can also
press the i button, then use the
four-way control to select and
set the various ash options.
OLYMPUSE 400/500 SERIES
(1) Press the ash button to

pop up the ash and press
again to bring up the ash
modes on the LCD monitor.
(2) Rotate the thumb dial to
choose a ash mode and
press OK to set it.
(3) Press MENU and go to
the fourth tab for Custom
Functions, which has a
couple more ash options.
1
2
PENTAXK SERIES
(1) Press the down button

of the four-way control to
select ash modes. Use the
left/right of the four-way
control to select ash modes.
(2) While on the ash mode
screen, you can use the input
dial to set ash exposure
compensation.
Wirelessflashonabudget
SLAVE CELLS: All you need to try out wireless ash is a
cheap and cheerful slave cell, such as Hamas 12 slave unit.
Slip this on an off-camera ash and when it detects your
on-camera ashs output, it will trigger the remote ash.
You wont be able to provide any TTL control for your remote
ashgun, but its an ideal option for when the remote ash is
used in manual, such as when using ash gels.
SLAVE FLASH/BUDGET FLASHGUNS: There are a number
of affordable ashguns that lack any form of sophistication
but boast an integrated slave cell, which makes them the
perfect choice for use as a remote manual ashgun. You
could also buy literally any ashgun made for digital/lm
SLRs that offer manual power settings and slip a slave cell to
its base, allowing you to experiment with wireless ash set-ups.
Weve even used a 1970s Olympus Trip ashgun with success!
2nd Edition
SONYALPHASERIES
(1) Press the Fn button and

select the Flash mode box for
access to various options.
(2) Press MENU and go to
the rst tab for other ash
options including ash
exposure compensation.
(3) To deactivate the ash,
set the mode dial to Flash-off.
2nd Edition
Flashtechnique:Thebasicsofusingflash 51
Externalflashguns:Mainfeatures
A dedicated ashgun offers far more power than is available on your
integral unit and provides a number of very useful facilities too.
1) FLASH HEAD: Direct ash can prove harsh, so most models have
heads that can be raised and angled to provide bounce ash (the
term used when the light from the ash is bounced off surfaces such
as walls and ceiling to provide a softer, more attering effect). The
heads in many ashguns have a zoom facility, which allows the ash
coverage to better match the focal length of the lens being used. Better
specied models have a ip-up diffuser panel to soften the ash
output useful if your subject is within a couple of metres.
2) AF ASSIST LAMP: In low light, this lamp can send out a beam or
a burst of infrared light to aid the cameras AF system.
3) LCD PANEL: While many ashguns have a scale or series of
buttons, the more sophisticated models have a large LCD panel
with icons to help make selecting modes easier.
4) FUNCTION BUTTONS: More advanced ash units have a
selection of buttons and dials, most usually handling more than one
function. It can be tricky at rst to understand what each one does,
so keep the instructions handy and experiment!
Flashterms
Flashmodesforcreativeeffect
If youve never really experimented with
ash, then you may well have left your camera
set to autoash, which sets a fast shutter
speed to avoid shake and ensures the ash
correctly exposes the subject. Its a mode that
works well for general snapshots, but isnt the
mode to choose for creative effects. For that,
these are the ash modes you need to master:
SLOW-SYNC: This mode sets a slow shutter
speed that allows ambient light in the scene
to be recorded, while the ash ensures that
the subject is correctly exposed. This mode is
set automatically when using a Canon EOS in
REAR: Normally, when you take a ash
exposure, the ashgun res at the start of the
exposure. With this mode, the ash res at
the end of the exposure, which is useful when
shooting moving subjects as the trail of light
streams behind rather than in front of them.
FP/ HIGH SPEED: All cameras have a standard

ash sync speed, which is the fastest shutter speed
that can be used with ash. The high-speed ash
mode, available with some ashguns, allows a
camera to use ash at any shutter speed up to its
maximum.
WIRELESS: When using an external ashgun, youll
normally slip it on to the cameras hotshoe, or use it
off-camera via a dedicated lead. With this function,
you can re the ashgun without the need for any
leads or additional accessories. Its worth noting
that there are two main forms of wireless ash. The
rst is the dedicated system, where the ashgun(s)
and the transmitter are designed to communicate
together to provide accurate exposures. There is
often the option to control the balance of the various
ashguns via a hotshoe-mounted unit. The other
main type is the non-dedicated wireless system,
which is a budget method that we use for our ash
gels technique. This system relies on using ashguns
in manual mode with slave cells.
GUIDE NUMBER (GN): This indicates the

ashguns power: the higher the number, the
greater the power. In manual ash mode, if you
divide the Guide Number by the camera-tosubject distance in meters youll get the right
aperture for a decent exposure.
FLASH COVERAGE: The spread of light
across the frame. Its stated as a lens focal
length (e.g. 18mm). Use a lens wider than
stated and the light falls off towards the edges
of the frame, leading to dark corners.
FLASH EXPOSURE COMPENSATION (FEC):
This facility overrides the ash exposure
set automatically by the camera, much like
you would with ambient light and exposure
compensation. Set a positive value to boost
ash output and a negative value to reduce it.
THROUGH THE LENS (TTL): The exposure
system within the camera communicates
with the ash to ensure perfect exposures by
evaluating the ash output.
Howexposuremodesworkwithflash
Notallbrandshandleashthesameway,sobesuretousethecorrectmode!*
BRAND
CANON
Camera sets shutter speed
and aperture, but raises
shutter speed to avoid
camera shake.
Background may be dark.
NIKON
Camera sets exposure, but
raises shutter speed to avoid
camera shake, unless slow
sync mode is set.
PENTAX
sync mode is set.
OLYMPUS
sync mode is set.
SONY
sync mode is set.
APERTURE-PRIORITY
User picks aperture; camera

calculates ash exposure
accordingly. Shutter speed is
picked to render ambient
light correctly. Be aware of
camera shake.
User picks the aperture and

the camera selects ash
exposure accordingly. Shutter
speed is limited to prevent
camera shake, unless
slow-sync mode is selected.
User sets aperture and

camera sets shutter speed to
correctly expose
background, up to the
maximum sync speed. Risk
of camera shake in low light.
User picks aperture and

camera selects ash exposure
accordingly. Shutter speed
limited to prevent camera
shake, unless slow-sync mode
is also selected.
User picks aperture and

camera selects ash exposure
accordingly. Shutter speed
limited to prevent camera
shake, unless slow-sync mode
is also selected.
SHUTTER-PRIORITY
User picks shutter speed and

camera picks corresponding
aperture for ambient light,
then calculates ash output
according to this aperture.

aperture to expose ambient
light correctly, then
calculates ash output

light properly, then


EXPOSURE
COMPENSATION
Affects ambient light

exposure only.
Affects ambient and ash

exposure.

exposure.
Affects ambient light

exposure only.

exposure.
FLASHEXPOSURE
COMPENSATION
Affects ash exposure only.
* Please note that the stated information relates to most general shooting conditions.
However, in certain situations, the camera and ash will operate differently.
PROGRAMMODE
52 Flashtechnique:Mimiclateeveningsun
Simulateloweveningsunlight
Learn how to use off-camera flash to create attractive hairlight
When using flash to light a portrait, the first thing most
photographers do is point it at the subjects face, but
by placing it behind the models head you can create
attractive hairlight adding a different dimension to
the image. Its a great, creative technique to try in the
winter months too, when you dont fancy going
outdoors but want to simulate the look of a low
evening sun from the warmth of your home.
To get the best results, the subject should ideally
have curly or wavy hair and be placed in front of a
dark background to accentuate the light. Youll also
need to experiment with your flashs power to find a
balance between overpowering the ambient

light and getting the right spread through the
hair. For instance, if youre doing a full-body
portrait, a burst of flash at 1/2 power would work
best, while a head shot might require only 1/4
power. Its worth playing with the distance of your
flash to your subjects head as well, but make sure
the flash is completely hidden so it diffuses
through the hair. Also consider your aperture:
minimal depth-of-field will soften the spread of
light while a narrow aperture will produce a
star-like effect from the flash.
Backlightingaportraitwithflash
Professional lifestyle photographer Brett Harkness frequently uses his off-camera flash behind his
subjects, whether to create a dramatic burst of light behind a full-body portrait or to add a subtle,
attractive hairlight to a head shot. He shows us how...
2nd Edition
Reflectors
You can use your cameras
integral flash unit to illuminate
the face, or you could use a
reflector instead to bounce
some olight on to the
subjects face. You can
control the tone of the
light by the choice of
your reflector too. If
you want a cool tone,
opt for a silver reflector,
or for a warm cast try a gold
reflector. Alternatively, why not try Lastolites
TriGrip Sunfire or Sunlite reflector, like weve
used in this step-by-step, as it has strips of
silver and gold for a more natural cast. If you
only have a silver or gold reflector you could
always experiment with your images White
Balance in camera or Adobe Camera Raw to
warm it up or cool the tone down.
Withoutreflector
Withreflector
(Above) To start with, we position Emma in a

1
doorway so we can use natural light to fill in the
shadows on her face. During the winter months,
however, when light levels are low you may need to

use a reflector or a second flash to light her face, held
approximately three or four feet away so not to
overpower the backlight. With the camera and flash
set to manual, I dial in f/5.6 and ISO 500, because of
the relatively low light, and place the flashgun on
the step behind Emma.
(Right) I take a test shot of Emma at f/5.6 with the

2
flash behind her set to 1/8 power and no reflector.
As you can see, the flash isnt strong enough to have any
effect and her face is underexposed. So I set the flash to
1/4 power and ask my assistant to hold a reflector a few
feet away from Emmas face to fill in the shadows.
(Left) As I can see the stairs in the background

3
of the pictures, I add a blanket over the steps to
get rid of the white line and darken the background
to enhance the backlight.
(Above) You may also want to try

playing with your cameras White Balance
settings to see what effect it has on the picture.
Normally if youre working with flash you would
set Flash or Custom WB, but why not try Daylight
or Tungsten to alter the tone of the image?
Alternatively you could shoot in Raw and play
with the WB in post-production.
2nd Edition
Flashtechnique:Mimiclateeveningsun 53
Finalimage
With slight tweaks to
the contrast in
Photoshop and a
little skin softening,
were left with a
beautiful portrait.
54 Flashtechnique:Shootportraitswithmood
2nd Edition
Howtoadddramatoskyforoutdoorportraits
Underexposing the scene and using ash to light the subject is a great way to add impact to portraits
More often than not, ash is used to balance ash
and ambient lighting or to ll in shadows, but now
and again, it pays to use ash to overpower the
ambient light and completely transform a scene.
A great technique to try, and one often used by
the pros, is to capture a dramatic sky by
underexposing the scene, leading it to appear far
darker than it does in reality, while allowing the
ash to correctly expose the subject. There are two
ways that you can do this: by using the exposure
compensation facility to dial in a negative value, or
by working in manual mode, both of which well
explain in further detail.
Usingradiotriggers
Most of the time, once a ash
is off-camera and triggered
by a radio release it loses
its TTL capabilities, so its
important your ash has
manual settings. To retain
TTL, you could opt for a
dedicated off-camera lead,
but you will be restricted
by the length of the cord.
However, if youre
comfortable using manual
ash, the more affordable option is a
slave cell (see p60) or a ash remote trigger
and there are many available, varying in
price and functions. While PocketWizards
are brilliant, and a market leader for
performance, theyre also expensive. Camera
manufacturers also have their own remotes
but wed recommend independent versions by
the likes of Calumet, Kenro, Hahnel and
Seculine as theyre cheaper and do the job
well enough. The Hahnel Combi TF, for
instance, is a bargain at around 60 and
doubles up as a remote ash trigger and
shutter release. Seculines highly-efcient
Twin Link T2D Wireless Radio Flash Trigger kit
can be bought for around 120. Regardless of
what remote you buy, remember you need a
transmitter to sit on your cameras hotshoe
and a receiver to attach to each of your
off-camera ashguns for it to work.
Usingexposurecompensation
Instead of using manual mode, set your
camera to aperture-priority mode, your ash
to TTL and meter for the background. Dial in
the aperture you want and then set a negative
value on the cameras exposure compensation
to at least two stops to underexpose the scene:
the ash will take care of the subject. If youre
shooting with a Nikon, you may have to
increase your ash exposure compensation
by two stops too as the ash and exposure
compensation are linked. Have a play and
experiment with results.
Regardless of which one you choose to use, for

the best results, you should avoid using the
cameras integral ash or mounting a ash on the
hotshoe and instead trigger a remote ash via slave
or an off-camera ash cord. By simply
repositioning the ash to the side of the subject,
you immediately change the function of the ash
from a at ll-in light to one thats directional and
contrast-enhancing. For the purpose of this
step-by-step, well explain how to do this technique
using manual settings rather than relying on your
cameras TTL system, as it offers a greater control
and a chance to learn and experiment.
Different camera and ash systems work in

different ways, so if you do want to try the exposure
compensation method with TTL, check your
cameras instruction manual.
Its important to remember when working with
manual ash that the shutter speed controls the
amount of ambient light reaching the sensor, while
aperture controls ash output. And for this
technique, your shutter speed is paramount as
youre exposing for the sky, not the subject. The
faster the shutter speed, the darker the ambience
will be: the slower the shutter speed the more you
encourage the inuence of ambient light.
Gettingadramaticskywithanoutdoorportrait
This is an advanced technique, so requires practice. Pro photographer Brett Harkness, who regularly uses
it, explains how to make the most of manual ash and moody skies. On this shoot, its overcast and theres
a mass of detail in the sky to capture. As Brett likes his shots sharp front to back, he uses a small aperture
of around f/13 and sets his ash to 1/4 power to compensate. If you want shallow depth-of-eld, keep the
ash close to your subject, set the ash to 1/8 power and open the aperture.
(Above) I ask my assistant to hold the ashgun

1
several feet away from the model, Emma, and
because were not using any diffusion accessories, I
have him hold the ash vertically to get a bigger
spread of light over her body. I add sunglasses and
gold fabric for a fashion-shoot feel.
(Right) To capture a moody sky, I have to

2
dramatically underexpose the scene using a fast
shutter speed to retain the detail in the sky. As you can
see from this picture, a fast shutter speed has
underexposed the scene but without using ash it
means the subject is also very dark.
(Left) Once I start using ash, my shutter speed is

immediately limited to the cameras sync speed
in this case 1/250sec. With my camera set to manual
mode, I set the aperture that gives the scene the
correct exposure for the ambient light.
I set the ashgun to 1/4 power, which exposes Emma
well, but the scene lacks drama and mood.
(Below) To improve the effect from the ash, my

assistant raises the ash and points it down on
Emma. However, the key to darkening the scene
behind her is to close down the aperture (in this
instance by two stops) so that the background is
underexposed, resulting in a far moodier result.
2nd Edition
Finalimage
With a few tweaks to
the Curves and Levels
in Photoshop, Bretts
produced a dramatic
portrait with a single
off-camera flash.
Give it a go!
Flashtechnique:Shootportraitswithmood 55
56 Flashtechnique:Flashgels
Addcolourwithflashgels
2nd Edition
Remoteflashgunset-up
Try out our inexpensive and simple wireless ash technique

Getting to use just one ashgun proves a daunting
prospect for many, so how does the thought of
using two grab you? This technique deals with
showing you how to light a subject with one
ashgun, while a second ash is used to illuminate
the background. This technique is useful when you
want to highlight detail in the scene or, as shown
here, you want to use ash gels to light it in a
completely different colour.
While the technique may sound incredibly
difcult, its actually quite easy to achieve. You need
to use your cameras integral ash (or a
hotshoe-mounted ashgun) to illuminate your
subject, which is pretty straightforward as the
exposure is taken care of automatically by the
camera thanks to the wonders of TTL ash. A
second ashgun is triggered automatically by the
main ash to illuminate the background, so youve
little to do other than ensure that the remote ash is
set up correctly, which as the panel on the right
reveals, is pretty easy to do. And, if you think this
sounds expensive, our panel on wireless ash on a
Heres our subject photographed using only our

hotshoe-mounted ashgun. Shes well exposed
but the background is drab and dark.
Weve tted a Lumiquest red gel and the colour

adds interest, but, with the remote ash set to
TTL, its output isnt as strong as wed like.
budget, which youll nd on page 50, should quickly

dispel this myth too!
Flash gels are essentially small sheets of
coloured plastic that are placed over the ash head
to colour the ash output. The ash gel is held in
place over the head via Velcro or an elastic band
and with a number of kits available with a choice of
colours, its an inexpensive and easy way to add
creative ash effects to your images. Incidentally,
larger ash gel kits are available that can be used
with studioash heads too, and in fact, the
technique weve used here can easily be applied to
studioash set-ups as well as ashguns.
Using ash gels to illuminate a background is
equally suited to both indoor and outdoor locations.
Plain backdrops as well as textured surfaces are
suitable, although the latter does provide additional
visual interest. Its also worth bearing in mind that
you can use more than one ashgun for the
background, so feel free to mix colour gels. The key
is to experiment as much as possible, as this is
when creative photos present themselves.
Weve set up a remote ashgun behind her,

which res to light the wall in the background
but the effect isnt particularly attractive.
Setting the remote ash to manual power

provides a far stronger output, although the
full-power 1/1 setting is far too strong.
WAYS TO TRIGGER A REMOTE FLASHGUN:

Depending on the types of ashgun and
accessories you are using, there are a number
of ways of triggering your remote gelled ash.
If you have a dedicated ashgun with a slave
function, you can use the Master/Slave facility
to trigger it when you release the shutter.
Youll need to refer to your camera/ashgun
instructions as this varies according to the
camera/ash brand and mode. Alternatively,
you can t a slave cell to the bottom of any
ashgun, which is then triggered by the
output from the cameras built-in or hotshoemounted ashgun (depending on which you
are using).
SETTING UP THE EXPOSURE ON THE

REMOTE FLASHGUN: If youre using a dedicated
Master/Slave ash system to trigger the offcamera ashgun, then you can either set up its
output to be based on a TTL exposure or manual
power setting. While selecting TTL is normally
the best choice, wed actually recommend you
set the ash to manual for this technique, as
the results will be more consistent. If you are
using a slave ash, you should set the ashgun
to manual to allow you to set a specic power
setting. With the ash in manual, you can set the
remote ash to re at xed power settings such
as full power (1/1), half power (1/2), quarter
power (1/4) and so on. Take some test shots
and adjust the power settings to suit the scene.
Adjust power if you want a stronger or weaker
effect or if you switch colour gels, as some
absorb more light than others.
We try various manual power settings to see

which provides the best result and nd that for
this set-up, half-power works best.
2nd Edition
Flashtechnique:Flashgels 57
Finalimage
While the red gel is attractive,
it proves overpowering, so
we try various colours and
find green works the best.
58 Flashtechnique:Slow-syncmode
2nd Edition
Usingslow-syncflash
Taking your camera off its default ash setting and selecting the
slow-sync facility can greatly improve your ash exposures
Your digital SLR is set up to give great results in a
wide number of picture-taking situations, and
while it has a high success rate, often the results
captured arent quite what you had in mind. A
perfect example with ash photography is when
you take a night portrait on holiday, with the
intention of capturing someone in front of an
interesting building or scene. If you shoot using
program or Full Auto mode, the camera sets a fast
enough shutter speed so that shake is avoided and
res the ash to ensure the subject is well
exposed. However, more often than not, the result
isnt quite what you hoped for and while the
subject looks OK, the scene behind is very dark,
with only highlights like street lights showing up.
Its a common problem with holiday snaps in
particular, for instance when a night portrait set
against the Eiffel Tower doesnt capture the scene
quite as well as intended.
This is because while the selected shutter speed
isnt a problem for the ash exposure, it is too short
to capture ambient illumination correctly due to the
low-light levels. The solution is to set your ash so
that it res in slow-sync mode, which in effect is
ring the ash as normal, but selecting a slower

shutter speed so that the longer exposure records
detail in the scene. How you set slow-sync depends
on the brand and model of camera you use, so
check our table on the introduction spread for
details. In general, with Nikon, Pentax, Olympus and
Sony DSLRs, you need to set the ash mode to
slow-sync and wed recommend you try using
program, shutter- or aperture-priority mode. Canon
DSLRs dont have a slow-sync ash mode, instead
you set aperture- or shutter-priority mode and the
ash exposure takes care of itself.
If youre shooting a moving subject or a scene
with moving subjects, its worth bearing in mind
that you can also set second-curtain sync, so that
the ash res at the end of the exposure rather than
at the start. By doing this, any motion recorded by
the ambient light during the exposure is captured
before the subject is frozen by the ash. This gives a
more natural-looking result as trails appear behind
the moving subject rather than in front of it.
One word of caution: youll be relying on longer
exposures, so its important you mount your
camera on a tripod to avoid shake.
Fire,rotate,thenflash!
The general technique for using slow-sync
ash involves keeping the camera steady to
ensure the shot remains shake-free. However,
as with every rule of photography, theyre
there to be broken! By rotating the camera
during the exposure, its possible to produce
some very unusual effects. Basically, you set a
long exposure, then rotate the camera
clockwise or anti-clockwise so that the
ambient light records as a swirl, while the
ash freezes the subject. Varying exposure
times has an effect on the length of the trails
of ambient light, so experiment: we would
suggest that you start with a shutter speed
ranging from 1/4sec to one second. Regularly
view your images on the LCD screen and
adjust accordingly.
Heres the scene captured using only ambient light in program mode. While
the scene is well-exposed, the subject is slightly blurred due to the long
exposure and looks off-colour as she is lit only by the tungsten street lamp.
Exposure: 0.3 seconds at f/4 (ISO 320).
With the camera still in program mode, the ash is popped up, which
automatically increases the shutter speed to avoid camera shake. The
subject is now far better exposed but the background is much darker.
Exposure: 1/30sec at f/4 (ISO 320).
The exposure mode is set to shutter-priority to allow slow-sync ash to

have effect. A very long shutter speed of one second is set to show the effects
of how subject movement during the exposure can ruin the image. Exposure:
One second at f/7.1 (ISO 320).
With the camera still in shutter-priority, a shorter shutter speed of 0.3

seconds is selected, which is short enough to eliminate evidence of subject
movement but enough time for the ambient light to record the scene.
Exposure: 0.3 seconds at f/4 (ISO 320).
2nd Edition
Slow-sync
Using slow-sync ash is

a relatively easy way to
ensure that outdoor
portraits capture more
of the scenes detail.
Flashtechnique:Slow-syncmode 59
Use y
our ISO
When
rating!
s
forget electing exp
y
setting ou can chan osures, dont
and ap as well as sh ge the ISO
result yerture to helputter speed
oure lo
y
oking foou get the
r
ISTOCK PHOTO
60 Flashtechnique:Mixingslow-syncflashwithdaylight
Getthekidsinaspin!
LukE Marsh:
Ah, summer! As if it
wasn't hard enough to
TIME rEQuIrED
30 MINUTES
get you kids to sit still for
five minutes to have their picture
EQuIpMEnT nEEDED
NIkoN D80 wITh
taken, out pops the sun to whip
18-70MM lENS
them into a 'fresh-air' fuelled
aLso usED
frenzy. Unless you're shooting at
Two caMEra STraPS
ridiculous high speeds, while
constantly on the move, you may
as well forget about capturing
amazing summer family shots and switch to the still-lifes, right?
Well, not necessarily. I got to thinking: 'what if I could combine a
shot with a fun game my little boy is always nagging me to play
that's bound to keep him interested for more than the usual 30
seconds'. And that's precisely what I did. Any parent who's ever
span around while holding their child will know that once you've
started this game, be prepared for 'just one more time', for at
least half an hour plenty of time to get a great shot. Just don't
try this straight after lunch, unless you've got a bucket handy!
2nd Edition
Creatingabodyharness
My home-made harness consists of
two camera straps. The first is the neck
strap already attached to my DSLR, the
second is a spare strap that goes
around my back to prevent the camera
swinging from side-to-side. The most
important aspect of this make-shift
body harness is getting the height of
the camera via the neck strap right so
that the subject is positioned correctly
in the frame. I found that placing the
camera in the tummy region gave the
most consistent results. I attached the
second strap to where the first strap
meets the camera, making it tight
enough to prevent major movement,
but not so tight that it is uncomfortable
or prevents me accessing the controls.
You can also buy a ready-made
harness from brands such as
Op/Tech (www.newprouk.co.uk).
Set-up
When choosing a location, remember that the background will be blurred,

For this shot, I'm going to use the camera's self-timer function to fire
1
so you won't need to worry too much about clutter often a busier
2
the shutter. all DsLrs have a self-timer, with most having the option to
background helps with the sense of movement anyway. a garden or local
adjust the delay time in the menu settings. here, I set the timer to fire five
play park is ideal, as long as there's enough space for you to spin without
posing a threat of injury to either your subject or innocent bystanders.
seconds after the shutter release is pressed, allowing ample time to get a
decent spin going once I've pressed the shutter button.
With my DsLr set to aperture-priority (a) mode, I select a setting of f/10

I set the lens to its widest focal length so I can capture both the subject
3
4
for two reasons. Firstly, as the subject will be moving constantly in
and the background. With the subject at arms' length in front of me, I
relation to the camera, it should allow enough depth-of-field to give a better
press the shutter release half way to pre-focus, then switch to manual focus
chance of a sharp result. secondly, this aperture naturally gives a slightly
longer exposure, ideal for capturing the background movement.
(M) so the DsLr won't hunt around trying to focus. I now fully depress the
shutter release, setting off the timer and signalling for me to start.
2nd Edition
Flashtechnique:Mixingslow-syncflashwithdaylight 61
Watch
your diz
This spin
zy rasca
subject ning technique
ls!
v
30-seco ery dizzy, so it's will make you a
n
n
a
d
d
g
b
y
o
our
re
od idea
ather in
watchfu
to
b
l
your ima eye on young c etween shots. Ktake a
spinning ges to ensure thhildren while re eep a
v
conside will effect bala eir safety, as th iewing
rably. Re
n
e
member, ce and awarene
s
this is a
fun tech s
nique!
Finalimage
To create a bit more movement
in the background I lower the ISO
from 200 to 100, lengthening the
exposure time slightly while
maintaining the depth-of-eld.
So there you have it I tried out
a fun new photo technique and
have fun with my son. The
perfect summer's afternoon!
The rst attempts are promising, and whereas there's always an element
I set the ash mode to Rear Curtain-Sync, which res the ash at the
5
6
of luck that dictates where the subject will be in the frame when the
end of the exposure. Its ideal as the slow shutter speed captures
shutter res, my positioning improves with each spin I try. What I do notice is
movement in the scene while the ash helps freezes the action for a
that my moving subject is blurred during the long exposure. To resolve this
issue, I pop up the DSLR's integral ash to freeze the action.
split-second. It's a major improvement and I continue shooting until I

stumble across a composition I like or until the subject gets bored (or sick!).
62 Usingstudioflash:Thebasicsofstudioflashoutfits
Studioflash outfits
While newcomers may nd studioash intimidating, the

truth is that using it isnt as difcult as you may think
Although there are various studioash kits available, ranging in price from
under 200 to several thousand, the fact is most of them have very similar
characteristics and features, and so all follow similar operating principles.
A studioash head is basically designed to re a burst of ash at a given
power setting the extra functions and accessories are all geared to allow the
photographer more control of the ash output. Learning how a studioash
system works and how it can be controlled is something that can take years of
dedication and experience, but thankfully, getting to grips with the essentials
is relatively easy. Much like using ambient light, the key factor behind your
success with studioash is learning how best to control it so that your subject
is lit the way youd like it to be. The big difference between studio and ambient
light is the level of control you have you are able to ne-tune the lightings
intensity and direction, as well as the nature of the light falling on the subject,
far more than you could ever achieve with available light. This makes it an
incredibly versatile form of lighting, but, obviously, one that does need time to
use properly. In this section of the guide, we cover the basic workings of a
studioash system and how the various attachments, such as softboxes and
brollies, can be used to control how your subject is lit.
Anatomyofastudioflashhead
The following anatomy illustration is based on the rear of an Intert ash head,
but most will have a similar set-up, with easy-to-use and well-labelled controls.
SettingupyourDSLRforusingstudioflash
When youre ready to shoot with studioash, the key things to do are
to set the camera to Manual and set the correct ash sync speed
CANONEOSDSLRS
(1) Set the main control dial

to M to select manual mode.
(2) Turn the input dial behind
the shutter button and set
the ash sync speed
(1/200sec on most
Canon DSLRs).
(3) Once youve taken a ash
meter reading, press and
hold down the +/- button,
then turn the input dial to set
the aperture you require.
2
1
NIKONDSLRS
(1) Set the main dial to M to

select manual mode.
(2) Turn the dial behind the
shutter button (or on the
right corner of the cameras
rear) and set the ash sync
speed (1/200sec on most
models).
(3) Once youve taken a
ash meter reading, turn
the input dial on the front
of the hand grip to set the
aperture.
3
2
OLYMPUSE-SERIES

on the top-plate to M to
select manual mode.
the ash sync speed
(1/200sec).
2nd Edition
PENTAXK-SERIES
REAR OF LIGHT
Youll normally nd controls on the

rear of the head, but some models
have them on the side, too.
6
5
1) SYNC SOCKET Most studioash

outts are supplied with a sync lead,
which connects your camera to your
ash head, allowing the ash to re
when you press the shutter button.
2) SLAVE CELL This sensor detects
FRONT OF LIGHT
any ash output, so if your camera is
connected to one light in a multiple
Removing the lighting attachment
set-up, its output will trigger the slave |will usually reveal two bulbs, each
cell on other lights, making them re. with different uses.
3) POWER SETTINGS A key function
of studioash heads is being able to
adjust the power of the output. Basic
heads have xed power settings e.g.
, etc, while most advanced heads
have step-less variable settings.
5) MODELLING LAMP This tungsten

bulb remains switched on, to allow you
to compose the image, focus on the
subject and predict the ash effect.
6) FLASH BULB These provide the

powerful ash output. Most brands
4) STATUS LIGHTS/BEEPS Most
have specialised bulbs to t certain
heads have lights or beeps to indicate heads or studioash series. Theyre
the head has sufcient charge to re. very fragile, so handle them with care.

on the top-plate to M to
select manual mode.
the ash sync speed
(1/180sec on most
Pentax DSLRs).
2
1
SONYALPHASERIES

on the top-plate to TV to
select shutter-priority mode.
(2) Turn the input dial in
front of the shutter button
and set the ash sync
speed (1/160sec on most
Sony DSLRs).
2
1
2nd Edition
Usingstudioflash:Thebasicsofstudioflashoutfits 63
handle!
Too hot to quickly, so take
StudioflashQ&As
ping
p
ds heat u
hen swap
Flash hea burn yourself wount, as well
to
t
m
o
l
n
a
et
hen
care
nts. The m
pecially w
attachmelb, can get hot, esed on
as the bu lling lamp is turn
the mode
Q How much should I spend

on a studioash system?
A We would recommend you
start with a two-head system,
with a softbox and umbrella
being good starter attachments.
After extensive tests, we found
the 250 Intert EX150 MkII and
the 560 Elinchrom D-Lite 4 IT
to be excellent budget
studioash outts for beginners.
Q What advantages do more
expensive outts offer?
A General build quality and
reliability will be better, but the
key benets are power, features
and performance. More power is
useful as you can set the lights
up further away from your
subject, while relative light loss
from attachments like softboxes
is reduced. Youll nd that more
expensive heads allow more
control over ash output and
faster ash recycling times.
Q Are attachments from
different systems compatible?
A In general, different brands
have their own ttings so arent
compatible. However, Chimera
make speed rings for their
softboxes, which are compatible
with just about any system.
www.chimeralighting.com
Q How should I set up my DSLR
to use studioash?
A You will need to set it to
manual mode as the metering
system is only set up for
ambient light. Set the shutter
speed to the ash sync speed
and the aperture to whatever the
ash meter states.
Q How do I take an exposure
reading with studioash?
A Simply use a ash meter
connected to a light via a sync
lead. Once youve set up the
lights, hold the meter in front of
the subjects face, take a ash
reading and set the meters
recommended aperture on the
camera. Dont forget to ensure
that the ash meter and DSLR
are set to the same ISO rating!
Gettingstarted
A couple of studio
lights and some
practice is all you
require to take
professionallooking portraits.
Q How do I
connect my
DSLR to my
studioash
system?
A The plug at
the end of the
studioash sync
studioash
lead connects to your DSLRs
PC socket. If your camera hasnt
got a PC socket, buy a PC
adaptor (around 10) that slots
on your cameras hotshoe and
connect the lead to this. A more
expensive option is to buy a
wireless trigger that sits on your
hotshoe and triggers a receiver
on the ash head.
64 Usingstudioflash:Lightingaccessories
Lightingaccessories
Your studioflash system is only as good as the lighting
attachments you choose to use with your flash heads
Flash heads are designed to produce a high-power burst of light, but its the
lighting attachment that you have fitted to it that dictates the effect of
the light on the subject. If youve ever looked into buying a studioflash
system, youll no doubt have seen the various types of attachments on the
market, each having their own unique way of affecting the intensity and
nature of the light that reaches the subject and/or the background. While
most basic kits are often supplied with a simple brolly or two and spills,
there are a huge number of
optional accessories
available, and getting to
know which are best
suited to your needs
is important. In our
comprehensive
comparison set
below, we have
used the most
common types of
attachments
available for most
studioflash kit
systems to give you
a better idea of how
each affects the light.
Umbrella(Brolly)
Available in white, silver and translucent, a brolly is one

of the cheapest options available. Silver is very efficient
at bouncing light, white gives a soft, natural effect, while
translucent brollies provide the most diffused light.
Beautydish
Beauty dishes are often used, as you may expect, for

close-up beauty and make-up shots. They give off a
very harsh light in the centre, which enhances
make-up, but also highlights flaws on a subjects skin.
Otheraccessories
FLASH meter Attach the sync lead, hold the
meter in front of your subject and press the
button to take a reading to discover what
aperture you need to set your camera to for
a perfect exposure.
BAckground There are a variety of
backgrounds available, from plain to
coloured patterns. As well as paper
rolls that fit on frames, there are
several collapsible backdrops that
offer the benefit of portability.
HotSHoe Pc AdAPtor If your
DSLR lacks a PC socket, this
inexpensive adaptor slips onto
your hotshoe and can be
connected to the sync lead to
trigger the studioflash.
reFLector Using a reflector to
bounce light back onto part of
the subject or background is an
alternative to using an additional light. Silver
is the most efficient, white provides a softer
and more natural effect, while using a black
reflector can really accentuate cheekbones!
Softbox
A real favourite, as it provides a very diffused light thats

ideal for flattering portraits. The larger the softbox, the
softer the light it produces. The majority are square, but
some are rectangular and thin (also called strip lights).
Spill(SpillKill)
Often supplied with the flash head, spills provide a

concentrated beam of light. With portraits, theyre
useful for lighting backgrounds, but quite
harsh when aimed directly at a subjects face.
2nd edition
2nd Edition
Usingstudioflash:Lightingaccessories 65
Fla
ash m
eter re
When
adings
the whusing studio
it
ash m e dome (in ash, make
v
e
e
te
rc
r is set
one) o sure
it take
n
o
will pros incident lig ver the sens your
h
o
ve to b
e the mt readings, wr, so
hic
ost acc
urate h
Lightingaccessories
A quick look at a professionals
studio provides an insight into the
variety of attachments available.
Snoot
This conical attachment provides a hard-edge

and directional beam of light thats better suited
for backlighting or as a hairlight than providing
the key lighting for your portraits.
Honeycombgrid
These provide a soft-edged circle of light and are a

popular alternative to a snoot. They act in a similar
way to a spotlight, but provide a wider spot effect.
Honeycombs are available with various sizes of grids.
66 Usingstudioflash:Howtometerinmanual
Howtosetstudioflashexposures
2nd Edition
Histograms
If you want to use studioash, youll need to set your camera to manual mode.
Paul Ward explains the three main methods to ensuring the correct exposure
FOR SOME PHOTOGRAPHERS, the rst time they
need to switch their DSLR to manual is when they
want to use studioash. Thats because, other than
the sync which triggers the ash, theres no
information passing between the camera body and
studioash. Its down to you to set an ISO rating
(usually a low 100 or 200), adjust the power of the
studioash, and set an aperture that gives a suitable
exposure. The traditional (and best) way to match the
studioash output with the exposure is using a

lightmeter that measures ash, but increasingly
digital photographers are doing away with the
separate meter and, instead, using the LCD monitor
preview facility to work out the best settings via trial
and error. Both methods have their good and bad
points so either technique can be used. Here, we
explain what they are and show you how to use these
techniques for great studioash photography.
Getconnected!
Your camera needs to be connected in some way to
the ashheads before they can communicate and be
told when to re. There are a number of ways to
achieve this and there is a solution to suit all budgets.
The cheapest and most simple way to link camera
and ash is with a sync cord. Costing around 10, the
lead plugs in to the cameras PC socket at one end
and the ash at the other and is very reliable.
However, the main drawback is that the photographer
is tethered to the ashhead, so mobility is limited.
A more exible method is to use an infrared system.
A trigger is placed on the cameras hotshoe, while a
receiver plugs into the ashheads sync cord socket.
No wires mean the photographer can wander freely
around the studio, but infrared systems can be
unreliable if the trigger and receiver are not in sight of
each other. They are more expensive than a sync
lead, but models from brands like of Hama and
Hahnel start at around 50.
For the ultimate in exibility and reliability, most
professional photographers opt for a wireless radio
Studioflash:Whyusemanual?
triggering system. Like infrared, the radio systems

have a trigger and a receiver, but unlike the infrared
versions they dont suffer from line of sight issues as
theyre triggered by a radio signal. This convenience
costs more, with top brands like PocketWizard
costing a small fortune. However, third party brands
like Hahnel offer more affordable options the
Hahnel Combi TF costs just 60 and should meet the
requirements of most photographers.
Avmode
In other photography genres,

the histogram can prove a useful
tool in the search for a balanced
exposure. When it comes to studio
photography, Paul suggests its
better to avoid always relying on
the histogram: If youre shooting
in a white studio, youre going to get
big peaks on your histogram that
will look odd, especially if youre
used to interpreting a histogram of
a landscape image. I think its much
better to judge the exposure on your
LCD screen, or if youre shooting
tethered, on your laptop. So, if you
choose to use the histogram, be
wary of overexposed peaks.
Contacts
Hahnel: www.hahnel.ie
Hama: www.hama.co.uk
Seculine: www.intro2020.com
Sekonic: www.sekonic.co.uk
Tvmode
There is a good reason why we use manual

mode when using studioash. If you
connect to your ashheads with the DSLR
set in shutter-priority (Tv) mode, the
camera will then try to select a (far too
large) aperture for you, resulting in an
overexposed and blown out image.
Similarly, if youve selected
aperture-priority (Av) mode then youre
likely to be rewarded with a blurry image as
the camera tries to use a long shutter speed
based on the ambient light level. Only in
manual mode can you control both settings
to achieve a balanced exposure using ash.
Knowyourflashsyncspeed!
Its important to know your cameras ash
sync speed (X-sync), because if you exceed
it, you will be blighted by a black bar
covering a portion of the image, which is
actually the cameras moving shutter
curtain preventing the light reaching the
whole frame. You can select a shutter speed
slower than the maximum shutter speed.
Paul tends to keep his camera set a
1/125sec. Here are the typical shutter
speeds for big brand digital SLRs:
Canon: 1/200sec; Nikon: 1/250sec;
Sony: 1/250sec; Pentax: 1/180sec;
Olympus: 1/250sec.
1/500sec
1/125sec
1/320sec
2nd Edition
Usingstudioflash:Howtometerinmanual 67
Idealforbeginnerstostudioflashlighting
TechniqueOne: Trialanderror
This system has a number of benefits. Firstly, you dont need to buy a
lightmeter, so youve instantly saved money, and because you see the
image on the LCD monitor an instant after firing the shutter, its a very
fast method to use. If the image is bleached or too light, its
overexposed, so you need to lower the ISO and/or select a smaller
aperture. If its underexposed, the image will be too dark, so youll
need to select a wider aperture and/or raise the ISO rating. Once
youve selected a good exposure, you can choose to use the histogram
to fine-tune the exposure by adjusting it in one-third or one-half stops.
The main drawback of this technique is that its not as accurate as
using a meter and youre relying on the quality of the LCD monitor for
accuracy. In truth, so long as you know how to read a histogram
mindful of the advice on the left youll get a good exposure. The
downside is that when using two or more flashheads, youre not
getting the benefits of metering each light separately (see next page).
I position my lights depending on the look I want the image to achieve. I

My cameras LCD screen allows me to review the test shot, which is far
then take an educated guess at the exposure settings in this case
1
2
too dark. This is because my aperture of f/20 is much too small, and is
1/125sec at f/20 (ISO 160) and capture a test shot.
not allowing enough light into the camera. Time to adjust my settings.
I change my settings to a much larger aperture of f/5.6, but this time I

Its third time lucky as I change my settings to select an aperture in the
3
4
have the opposite problem and I have overexposed the image. You can
middle of the two previous results (f/11) and I am rewarded with a
see that highlights on the skin are what we call blown out.
balanced exposure that is neither under or overexposed.
68 Usingstudioflash:Howtometerinmanual
2nd Edition
Manualforstudioflash:Usingalightmeter
There are a number of ways you can use a lightmeter to ensure your images are correctly exposed. Some
take longer than others and, as we showed on the previous page, you can choose to ignore the lightmeter
altogether. Lightmeters vary hugely in cost, but prices have fallen in recent years and around 100 will
buy you an effective, brand new lightmeter. Brands to look out for are Sekonic, Gossen and Kenko
Idealforlessexperiencedphotographers
Techniquetwo:Takeareadingwithalllightson
Most amateur photographers and many pros in fact use this
method to determine studioflash exposures. By taking a single
exposure reading with the meter pointing away from the subject and
towards the camera, you can quickly take a single meter reading that
should give a correct exposure. Its a method that works really well, as
you can view the result, then adjust the various power settings on
each flashhead, take another meter reading and set this new exposure
setting. Its a less involved method but judging the lighting balance
isnt as straighforward it can also be difficult to judge how each light
individually illuminates the subject. Paul shows us how its done...
make sure the camera is in Manual mode and then dial in my ISO
1I(160)
into the lightmeter so it can calculate an accurate reading.
I then take a single reading from an area close to Kates face. The
lightmeter tells me that I should dial in an aperture of f/11 to achieve
2
correct exposure around Kates face so thats exactly what I do.
With the subject exposure taken care of by the lightmeter, all I have to
After balancing the background exposure by adjusting the power
3
do to make the background darker or lighter is to adjust the power
4
settings, Im able to achieve a correctly exposed image of my model,
setting on the head pointed towards the background.
Kate. After some cleaning up in post-production, the image is complete.
2nd Edition
Usingstudioflash:Howtometerinmanual 69
Idealformoreexperiencedphotographers
TechniqueThree:Individuallightreadings
This is the method used by pros looking to get the best
possible lighting effect. It involves using a lightmeter to take an
individual exposure reading from each flashhead, allowing for
very precise control of how each light falls on the subject to
give the best possible lighting effect. Its the most involved
technique, so takes a little more time and effort, but if you want
to master the craft of studioflash lighting, its one you should
keep practicing at, as its the method used by the masters of
lighting, as it allows such fine control.
(Far right) With my lights set up and
1
turned on, Im ready to go. Note that
I have put a diffuser in place to bounce
some light back into Kates face.
(Right) Input the ISO youve set on

2
your DSLR into the lightmeter
before you start in this case, I used
ISO 160. Make sure the lightmeter is in

flash mode usually indicated with a
little lightning symbol. By doing this, the
lightmeter will wait until the flashheads
are fired before telling you which
aperture you should set on your DSLR.
I then take readings with the lightmeter next

3
to my models face so I know which aperture
to select to make sure Kates skin is correctly
exposed. In this case the lightmeter tells me I
should set an aperture of f/11.
I take a reading next to the background,

4
which tells me that I should set f/16. This
smaller aperture tells me that, using f/11, the
background will be bright, and help me create a

high-key effect with the backdrop.
By taking multiple readings, Im able to carefully control both the foreground

5
and background exposures, resulting in a perfectly exposed final image. You
can also use this to balance two lights aimed at your subject.
70 Usingstudioflash:Single-lightset-ups
2nd edition
Studioset-up:Onelight
The most basic studio set-ups involve using just one
light, so here are five techniques to get you started
If you want to learn how to control your lighting, youre best off starting with just
one light. Its more than sufficient to produce stunning results and many great
photographers still use a single head for their work. After all, outdoors we only
have a single light source the sun so one light can deliver all we need. This
set-up is very easy to control and the smallest adjustment to the light on your
subject has a clear effect. This forces you to fine-tune the lights angle and
diffusion method. And while youll only have one source of illumination, you can
also use reflectors in your set-up to bounce light and fill in any shadows.
The set of images below shows what happens when you position your single
light (and softbox) at different heights and angles. As you can see, its crucial
that you learn the dos and donts of how to set up your single studioflash head
to avoid some of the unflattering results shown below.
As mentioned earlier, you need to set your DSLR to manual mode and set it
to the flash sync speed (if you dont know it, use 1/125sec as a safe bet or check
your cameras manual). The aperture is determined by the meter reading you
take, which is easy to do with a one light set-up. With the sync lead from the
light attached, hold the meter in front of the subjects face and press the button
to fire the flash and take a reading. Adjusting the power setting on the flash
head allows you to effectively change the aperture you work with to in turn
achieve the depth-of-field youre after. Add power to set a smaller aperture and
reduce power to use a wider aperture.
one light: All you need to get started is your DSlR and a single flash head.
With a bit of practise, you will soon find yourself getting great results!
1)Litfromabove
2)Litfrombelow
With the light positioned

high above the models
head, you get a more
natural-looking light, though
the shadows can be
rendered harsh under the
nose and chin. For the best
results, get the model to look
towards the light. You could
also ask her to hold a
reflector to fill the shadows.
Placing the light lower

than the models head,
pointing upwards will
eradicate any unsightly
shadows under the nose
and chin. For best results
get the model to look down
towards the light, which
as you can see also makes
catchlights appear in the
subjects eyes.
3)Litfromtheside
4)Onelight&reflector
Place the light to either the

left or right-hand side of
your models face for a
strong, directional light,
keeping half of the face in
shadow. To increase your
chances of capturing the
catchlights in your subjects
eyes, it is important to
make sure the light is far
enough forward.
By holding a reflector close

to the face, on the opposite
side from the light, you will
be able to even up any
harsh shadows, much like
using a second head. The
closer you place it to the
model, the stronger the
reflection will be. For this
technique it definitely helps
to have an assistant!
2nd Edition
Usingstudioflash:Single-lightset-ups 71
Tilt t
he hea
When
d
of fem shooting por
a
their h les, try ask traits, espec
of frienead slightly. ing them to ti ially
the im dliness to thThis adds a lt
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age loo
e
k far m shot, makinair
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ore rela
xed
5)Classiconelightset-up
This technique involves

placing the light slightly
above and to one side of
the model pointing at an
angle of 45 to one side and
down at 45. The resulting
lighting gives a nice natural
look to the face and
well-placed catchlights as
well, for a really pleasing,
attering result.
72 Usingstudioflash:Two-lightset-ups
Studioset-up:Twolights
When you feel ready, you can extend your creative
options by introducing a second flash-head into the mix
Many kits come with two heads, so once youve mastered lighting subjects with
a single light, experiment with a second one. Often, when shooting with a single
light, a reflector is used to fill shadows and provide an even lighting for your
subject, but, without an assistant, they can be difficult to position.
A second head can be used instead, with the benefit that you can control the
power output and add attachments to diffuse or precisely focus the light. The
second light is usually called the slave, and is triggered when it detects the flash
from the primary flash head. Using two lights gives you much more scope for
different scenarios: you can light the model from different angles, or aim one
light at the model and the other at the background.
So how do you meter for two lights? The simplest way is to set up the lights
how you would like them, then take a meter reading from the subjects face and
take a test shot at the recommended aperture. You can then consider moving
the lights position, adjusting the light ratio between the two or changing the
power. Whatever you decide to do, take another reading to see what aperture you
need and fire another test shot. A more accurate way of taking a reading is to
check the exposure of each light in turn (i.e. only one light on at a time) and
make adjustments accordingly. This will allow you to control the balance of flash
between the two lights more accurately, but is a more involved process, so we
would recommend using the simplest method first and try the second method
once you have a bit of experience behind you.
1)Litfromabove&below
This is a typical headshot

set-up, with the key light at
45 to the subject to give the
most flattering light.
The second light fills the
shadows under the chin.
This technique works for
almost any subject. Set
the key light two stops
brighter than the
second light.
TWO lighTs: This is a typical two-light set-up. The lights are fitted with
a softbox and an umbrella to produce a diffused flattering light.
2)Litfromabove&rimlight
The key light is above and to

the right of the model. The
slave light is positioned
behind the model, opposite
the key light. This throws
light over her shoulder,
adding a touch of light to
her cheek. It adds interest
to the shot, and gives her
face more of a
three-dimensional feel.
3)Litfromback&front
4)Butterflylighting
Here, we have one light in

front of the model to light
her face, and another
behind her to light her hair,
adding a bit of shine to it.
This works well if your
model has silky or colourful
hair, and is a technique
commonly used for hair
shots used in magazine
advertisements.
This is an old-fashioned
technique that is not used
very much in contemporary
photography. By placing
both lights above the
model, pointing down at a
sharp angle, to cast the
shadows on her face, you
create an interesting
butterfly shape under the
models nose.
2nd Edition
2nd Edition
Usingstudioflash:Two-lightset-ups 73
Broll
ies & s
Brollie
oftbox
a low-cs are include
es
enoug ost diffuser. d with most
a softbh job, but its They do a d kits as
deliver ox as soon a worth inves ecent
ti
s
very
atterin possible as ng in
g light
th
for por ey
traits
5)Litfrombothsides
Positioning both lights in front of the

model, yet off to the sides, is probably
the most important two-light
technique to learn. It helps to get rid
of shadows and gives a very even
light across the face. This is useful for
eliminating wrinkles, so is commonly
used for beauty and make-up shoots.
This lighting technique works with
just about any subject, and is seen as
a safe bet for studio portraiture.
74 Usingstudioflash:Creatingahigh-keyeffect
Studioset-up:
High-keylighting
High-key lighting is one of the most popular
techniques used by contemporary portrait
photographers, and its surprisingly easy
For a number of years, commercial portrait studios have
been making a fortune out of their modern-lifestyle
portraits, often taken with wide-angle lenses and almost
always shot against a white background. For the technique
to work, the lights need to be turned up so high that any
skin flaws become bleached out. The term high-key,
although meaning different things to different
photographers, generally refers to images with a very low
contrast ratio so theres little difference between the areas
of shadow and highlight. The results look fresh and clean,
and with a bit of experimentation, it is easy to achieve
good results. The shadows you can see are so subtle that
the skin often looks flawless without the need for much,
if any, post-processing. You will probably find that a lot of
modelling agencies use this type of technique for their
models main headshots, as its flattering and hides a
multitude of blemishes and imperfections.
Contrary to what many beginners to studio lighting
believe, this is a very simple technique to set up, and could
even be achieved using only windowlight and a single
reflector. While a reflector and a single studioflash can also
work, for the best results you should use at least two
studio lights. In this part of the guide, were going to show
you how to create a high-key lighting effect for your
portraits using a two-light and a four-light set-up from
your budget studioflash outfit.
1)Thefour-lightset-up
This involves two diffused lights pointing at the subject
and two lights, with no attachments fitted, pointing at the
background. The principle is simple: your subject needs to
be correctly exposed, whereas the background should be
so grossly overexposed that its rendered as pure white.
To do this, with the background lights off, set up the two
main lights so that they illuminate your subject and work
out the correct exposure. Then, switch on the background
lights and ensure the power setting for them is two stops
brighter or more than it is for the subjects lighting. Just
remember to take care that the background light isnt so
bright that it spills off the backdrop and creates flare that
spoils the overall result.
2nd Edition
2)Thetwo-lightset-up
For this you will need two lights and the corner of a room
with white walls and a white ceiling. The rst light will be
behind you, angled upwards to light the back wall and the
ceiling, while the second light is used to illuminate the
models face and add light to the foreground.
The idea here is to light the back wall so that it is
overexposed. The light should then bounce off it, so it
mimics the effect of a huge softbox. The other ash-head,
on the opposite side, lights the subjects face (though a
reector could have been used instead to bounce light
back onto her). For most high-key shots of this type, the
background lights are usually around two or three stops
brighter than the foreground light. An easy way to do this
is to set up the backlight rst, taking a shot to ensure its
overexposed. Then, put your subject in position and take
another shot to see how well exposed their face is,
adjusting the foreground light until the exposure is correct.
One thing you might want to try is setting the lights on a
low power. This will allow you to use a wider aperture for
your shots, which result in nice, soft-looking portraits.
Diffusiondilemma
For a high-key effect, youll need to

diffuse your lights as much as possible.
To do this, you could use big softboxes
or simply bounce the light off a white
wall, which will have the same effect
76 Usingstudioflash:Creatingahigh-keyeffect
2nd Edition
Createamagicalself-portraitmakeover
CAROLINE WILKINSON: This
unconventional bleached-white
portrait is easy to achieve and
would make a great montage with
various facial expressions. The technique is
fairly straightforward, but its success
hinges on preparation. The eyes, eyebrows
and lips need to be striking to make the
effect work, so have your model pile on the
make-up and use a light-coloured powder
to bleach the skin. As expected, the lads in
the office werent happy about applying red
lippy and eyeliner, so I used myself as the
subject. Although your model may look like
a clown, the more make-up they apply, the
better the final effect.
TIME REQUIRED
30 MINUTES
EQUIPMENT NEEDED
NIkoN D300, TrIPoD, ElINChroM
D-lITE 4IT wITh SofTbox
ALSO USED
PhoToShoP CS4
Lightingset-up
SET-UP: Position one softbox above and in front of you, or your model, tilted down at a 45 angle. Start
by setting the light to a mid-power setting, increasing or decreasing the power to get a balance between
overexposing the skin, but not the lips, eyes or eyebrows, as they will form the basis of the picture.
Having selected the best picture, open the

Position you or your subject on a stool and set
If youre shooting a self-portrait, you can use a
3
2
1
image in Photoshop. As the only elements
the camera up so it aligns with the face. If
remote release or if you haven't got one, your
youll need to form the picture are the facial
youre doing a self-portrait, take a few test shots
cameras self-timer. I opted for the interval timer
features, select the Crop Tool and crop the image

tight to get rid of any distractions. Now to boost
the contrast, bleaching the skin further, duplicate
the layer (Layer>Duplicate Layer) and change
the Blending Mode to Overlay.
as it allows me to continuously shoot a specified

number of frames and it also adjusts the
exposure, focus and metering before each shot.
Check your DSLR's manual to find out if your
camera has this facility and how to set it.
and reposition yourself, and the camera, until

you're framed correctly. Then pull as many faces
as you can for the frames set with your interval
timer. Assess the pictures, adjust the lights
power, reset the interval timer and re-shoot.
Adjust Curves to further bleach the face and

4
darken the features (Image> Adjustments>
Curves). Now flatten the image (Layer>Flatten
To get rid of any hair and the face's outline, go

Now, to adjust the intensity of certain
6
5
to Layer>New>Layer and select the colour
colours. Click on the Layer Thumbnail (inset)
white, then using the Paint Brush Tool set to a
in the Layers palette and tweak the colour sliders
Image). A clever way to boost contrast is to add a

Black & White adjustment layer (Layer>New
Adjustment Layer>Black & White). Click OK then
click on the Black & White Layer on the Layer
palette and set the Blending Mode to Hard Light.
until the skin is nearly white and the features are

at their strongest. Be careful not to turn the skin
yellow. For this image Ive taken the Cyan and
Blue to -200 to enhance the eyes, Yellow to -27
to whiten skin and Red to -12 to boost the lips.
large soft brush get rid of the remaining outlines.

Now if you want to make the canvas bigger to
give more space around the features, use the
Crop Tool to select the canvas, drag the squares
to resize the canvas and then press Enter.
2nd Edition
FinalImage
My skin's never looked so
flawless! This quirky take on
a portrait will have everyone
asking how you did it.
Usingstudioflash:Creatingahigh-keyeffect 77
SIMPL
STEPS E
BETTETO
PICTU R
RES
FAMILY PORTRAITS
IDEAS & INSPIRATION TO HELP YOU TAKE FAMILY PICTURES YOULL TREASURE FOREVER
80 Ideasandtechniquesforgreatfamilyphotos
Thebasicprinciples
tophotographingkids
Every child is unique and each has to be handled in their

own special way. But there are certain steps to follow that
can help you take your best ever pictures
T ISNT ALWAYS EASY, but capturing great shots of kids is one of the most
rewarding moments in photography. Because theyre often a law unto
themselves, children often prove a real challenge to photograph. However,
by learning a few basic skills and knowing how to make the most of their
exuberant nature, you should be able to build up a nice collection of images.
Strangely enough, when shooting kids, one of the key factors for success isnt
anything to do with photography, its actually all to do with how well you interact
with the subject. Its essential that your subject feels comfortable and relaxed
having their picture taken by you, otherwise they just wont look natural in the
shots. Ideally, for at least the rst ten minutes, keep any camera gear out of sight
and spend the time chatting to the child and the parents. Only once theyve got
used to you should you think about getting out your DSLR and taking pictures.
Youll normally nd that younger children are generally the easiest to get on with
and teenagers can be the most difcult, as theyre more self-conscious about
their image, and so often more reluctant to have their picture taken.
Whatsortofpicturesshouldyouaimtotake?
Well, thats something that you, the parents and (in the case of shooting older
children), the subjects themselves can decide. In the past, portraits were very
formal and staged but thankfully things have moved on and the most pleasing
portraits are those that capture relaxed subjects with happy and natural
expressions. Shooting in the sitters home is usually a very good starting point
for various reasons. Theyll obviously feel very comfortable in their surroundings
and youll also have the opportunity to have them change outts or include
different props, such as sunglasses, headbands etc if required. One more thing
on clothing dont get the children to wear their Sunday best as they wont feel
comfortable, but instead have them dress in casual clothes or a favourite outt.
As good as the home is, there is much to be said about heading out and
shooting on location. Virtually anywhere is suitable local parks, open
countryside, industrial areas, beaches and city centres each have different
attractions and moods that they can add to a portrait, so try as many as
possible. And remember, there are countless ways to compose the subject in
the frame, from head shots to full-length body shots and images where theyre
relatively small in the frame. The options are endless, so use your imagination
and our expert advice to help you take your best ever pictures of children.
HowshouldyousetupyourDSLR?
When shooting portraits of kids, youll need to be able to think on
your feet and work fast, as while there will be moments where
theyre posing nicely, most of the time youll be trying to keep up
with their antics. Heres how we recommend you set up your DSLR
1) EXPOSURE MODE: The best bet is
to use aperture-priority mode. Wed
suggest you start off by setting f/5.6
and, to be honest, you can more or
less leave it set to f/5.6 for the entire
time. At this setting, youre working
with a shallow depth-of-eld that
ensures your subjects face is sharp,
but the background is thrown out of
focus. What youll need to keep your
eye on is the shutter speed as you
want to ensure its fast enough to
avoid shake. Increase the ISO rating
(to a maximum of ISO 800-1000) when the shutter speed drops too
low. Try to keep it at 1/200sec or faster and you should be ne if youre
using a 50-200mm, or 1/300sec if its a 70-300mm that youre using.
2) AUTOFOCUS: You can leave your
camera set to multi-point AF mode
if you want, but you run the risk of
focusing on a shoulder, forehead, tip of
the nose etc and not on the eyes, which
is what you want to ensure is pin-sharp.
Wed suggest you set your AF to singlepoint AF and use the central focusing
sensor, which offers the best sensitivity.
Set your AF mode
to S (S-AF, AF-S)
so that when you
focus on the eye,
you can lock the
focus by pressing
the shutter button
halfway down,
then recompose
and take the shot.
3)METERING: Stick to multi-zone
metering and you shouldnt have
any problems. If your subject is
predominantly dark, take one shot
and check the LCD monitor, if detail is
missing, add +1EV using the exposure
compensation facility.
CANON
Varyyour
composition
As well as
asking your
subject to
adopt different
poses, you can
dramatically
alter your
portrait by the
way you frame
your subject.
Try close face
crops, head
and shoulders
and full-length
body shots.
2nd Edition
NIKON
4) FILE FORMAT: Shoot in

Raw for the maximum control
over image quality and colour
balance. However, when
shooting fast sequences, it can
slow your shooting rate because
the buffer has to handle more
data. Shoot JPEG only if youre
not condent about converting
Raw to JPEG or when memory
space on your card is limited.
5)WHITE BALANCE:
Ideally, set White Balance to suit
the lighting conditions. If youre
unsure what to use, set Auto
White Balance (AWB). Bear in
mind though, if youre shooting
in Raw, you can easily change
settings once you have the
images on your computer.
OLYMPUS
PENTAX
2nd Edition
The adorable nature

of children means
that you dont have
to try and be too
clever when taking
their portrait. Make
sure the lightings
good and the child is
relaxed and youre
almost there!
Ideasandtechniquesforgreatfamilyphotos 81
Keep it
simple!
Youll se
and aga e this tip emerg
in
ea
,
but the
portrait
secre gain
everyth s is to try and k t to great
from ch ing as simple a eep
s
oice of g
ear to li possible,
ghting
BRETT HARKNESS
Photographing the kids: Beprepared

You can improve your chances of success by being ready in advance!
WHAT KIT SHOULD YOU USE? Your choice of kit will largely be inuenced
by the type of pictures youre taking and the location of your shoot. If youre
looking to shoot natural portraits and working with natural light, its often best to
keep your kit to a minimum a DSLR tted with a zoom, along with a reector,
is often all you need to capture a decent portrait. Sometimes youll nd you
need additional lighting and while your cameras integral ash can provide
ll-in, a hotshoe-mounted ashgun with bounce facility is better, while a basic
studioash set-up offers more scope for creative lighting. However, the more
articial lighting you add to a scene, the more effort youll need to put into
making sure the shots appear natural.
Natural light
2nd Edition
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Ideasforoutdoorlocations
Stuck for ideas on where to photograph great
images of the kids? To be honest, almost any
location is suitable, but heres a selection of tried
and tested backdrops...
INDUSTRIAL AREA: Large corrugated doors,
grafti, warehouses with broken windows and
skips have distinctive character. It may sound
dodgy to some but we reckon its the perfect place
to shoot some great portraits of the kids.
FARM: If you can visit a local farm and youre able
to wander safely around it, youll nd that the
barns, farmhouses, bales and general scenery
can make for really interesting pictures.
PILLARS OR COLUMNS: Youll nd the pillars
and columns outside some museums, cathedrals
and large libraries make great backgrounds. If
youve more than one child in the scene, have
them poking their heads around different pillars.
WEATHER-BEATEN DOORS: The texture of old
wooden doors makes an ideal portrait backdrop.
As well as brown, splintery wood, look for painted
doors where the paint is old and aky.
THE LOCAL PARK: Feeding ducks, sat on a bench
munching sandwiches or enjoying an ice cream,
sat beneath a tree shaded from the sun. The
picture-taking possibilities are endless!
Studio light
BJORN THOMASSEN
USING STUDIOFLASH: While daylight

makes a fantastic source of portrait lighting,
its not always available when and where you
need it. Being able to use studioash offers
you the chance to shoot when the weathers
poor, at night, or when youre indoors. Using
one or two ash heads with a brolly or
softbox and a reector can give you great
results with minimal effort, once youve
established how to position the lights and
how to adjust the power of the ash heads.
In the past, studioash kits were usually only
available to the wealthier amateurs and
professionals, but there are now a number
of kits available at very affordable prices that
allows many amateurs the chance to try
their hand at studioash photography. And
because youre able to instantly review your
images on the LCD monitor, its far easier to check lighting set-ups and make
adjustments than ever before. If you decide that you would like to try out
studioash, then check out the studioash sections of this guide for expert
advice on the best studioash kits, accessories and techniques to buy and try.
DANIEL LEZANO
USING NATURAL LIGHT: From a beginners perspective, working with natural

light is a far easier proposition than having to use studioash. But while there
are not any power settings to twiddle with, there are still a number of factors
that have to be considered when working with ambient light. For instance, the
nature of daylight varies according to the weather conditions and time of day.
On a sunny day, light is harsh and unattering, on very overcast days it is dull,
while shooting in the shade can give cool, at results. By knowing how to control
the various lighting conditions using a reector, whether its the gold, silver,
white or black side, diffusers or ash, you can manipulate the light to help
produce high-quality portraits. As youll see mentioned time and again, a
reector is an indispensable accessory for virtually every form of lighting, while
a diffuser is ideal for strong sunlight (see panel for details).
Lightingaccessories
Ideal accessories to help you control and manipulate
light are as follows:
REFLECTORS: A handheld
reector is a must. Ideally, go for
one with a white side and a silver
reects less light than
side. White reects
silver but its effect is more subtle
and natural. Silver is more
efcient but should be used
with care as its effect can be
overpowering. Gold has a
similar efciency to silver but
gives a warm glow, making
it a good choice if your subject is a little pale or
youre shooting in shade or on a cool winter day.
DIFFUSERS: These are worth
considering if you plan to shoot
outdoors in direct sunlight. Place
a diffuser between the sun and
subject to bathe your subject in a
soft, diffused light that is ideal
for attering portraits. Diffusers
are available in different sizes
and diffusing strengths. Some
can be supported on stands but the
majority are handheld, although youll need a friend
to assist as theyre easily blown around in the wind.
BRETT HARKNESS
Clothing
What your subject wears is important as it needs to t in
with the general mood of the image. Ask the pros their
opinion on what children should wear and youll get a variety
of answers ranging from plain is best to cant beat colours
and stripes are super. Some base their choice on location
or time of year. In other words, whats best is very subjective!
However, what they all say is that your subject should feel
very comfortable with what theyre wearing and that for the
majority of the time, casual clothing works best. So for boys,
a pair of jeans and a T-shirt or eece is good, while for girls,
jeans and a blouse/T-shirt and cardigan is ne. Have them
bring along a small selection of tops so that you get them to
change outts during the shoot. You should also give some
thought to jewellery and props like hats and sunglasses.
2nd Edition
ALL IMAGES: BRETT HARKNESS
Bright,beautifulbabies
The arrival of a new member of the family is one

of the main reasons people buy a DSLR. Follow
our advice for some great baby shots!
EW THINGS HAVE AS MUCH OF AN Aah factor for

cuteness as a baby. Those chubby cheeks, oversized
eyes and toothless smiles are the perfect ingredients
for wonderful portraits. However, as photogenic as
babies are, theyre not the easiest of subjects to shoot. For
one, theyre not going to pay any attention to what youre
saying, so forget asking them to look out of the window or
smile and thinking theyll oblige. Instead, expect lots of
dribbling, snoozing, crying and looking everywhere except at
the camera. Another obstacle youll need to overcome,
especially with babies just a few months old, is that theyll still
not be strong enough to support themselves, so youll have to
shoot them lying down or being supported.
For that reason, many parents and family members are left
frustrated that they cant capture the latest addition to the
family as well as theyd like to. Its no surprise when you
consider many get too close with a wide-angle lens and pop
up the integral ash. The result is a distorted baby grimacing
after the nth ash burst of its short life.
So, youve got a hard task ahead of you but there are
several things in your favour. The rst is that your subject isnt
very mobile, so isnt going to run off anywhere. And because
one or both parents will be present, theyll generally be
comfortable and happy especially if you plan to shoot after
one of their regular naps or feeds.
Before taking any pictures, its worth spending a few
minutes with the baby so that they can get used to you.
Talk to the baby, wave toys around, let them hold your nger,
anything that puts them at ease. Make sure you smile a lot
and dont feel daft for making silly noises or talking in a cutesy
voice, it all works at establishing an initial bond.
If youre shooting indoors, aim to place your subject near
patio/french doors; if outdoors, look for an area of well-lit
shade. Youll want to work fast and be able to hand-hold the
camera, so set a high ISO (400-800) and use a wide
aperture. Look to shoot against as plain a background as
possible try shooting against light and dark backdrops,
reviewing your LCD monitor to see which is most suitable.
A babys eyes are relatively large in relation to the rest of
their face so ensure at least one is sharply in focus. Change
your viewpoint, shooting from above and then lying down to
shoot from the babys eye level or even lower.
Once you start taking pictures, youll need
to work fast. If you want, set the
frame rate to continuous and
shoot sequences whenever
your subject is looking directly
nd
at you. Youll
nd the majority of
images arent worth keeping,
but with any luck youll get a
handful of good shots that the
parents will love. The better
alternative is to leave the drive to
single-frame advance and opt for
less pictures taken with a little
more craft and purpose.
Hands&feet
You should make sure
you take some shots of
the babys hands and
feet. This is a good
picture to try when the
baby is only a few days
old as theyll be
sleeping most of the
time and their wrinkly
skin adds to the effect.
Use soft light and keep
colours pale and neutral,
set a wide aperture for
shallow depth-of-eld
and experiment with
different angles and
viewpoints. Try
images in colour
and black & white.
TOP: Young babies are often too

weak to support themselves, so use furniture
as an aid and, if possible, have a parent or
assistant close by to prevent any accidents!
ABOVE: Be bold and try unusual
compositions. Babies usually have very large
eyes and so close crops and a very shallow
depth-of-eld allow you to emphasise this.
Toptips:Babies
1) GRAB THEIR ATTENTION You
can usually get them to look at
you if you hold a toy and give it a
shake or a squeeze just before
you plan to re the shutter.
2) DONT OVERDO IT! A tenminute session is long enough.
Take a tea break, then try again!
3) KEEP YOUR COOL You should
not get frustrated or annoyed if
the shoots not going to plan.
Accept that theres always the
chance that you wont get any, let
alone many, suitable pictures.
4) EXPECT MESS! Keep a kitchen
roll handy for wiping away any
baby-sick and some tissues for
dribble or mucus from noses.
Babies produce surprisingly
large amounts of both!
5) GET CREATIVE If the babys
not looking at the camera, try
unusual angles and compositions
that might make a good shot, or
concentrate on shooting hands,
feet or other small details.
Babybehaviour
If youre very patient,
you may be able to
catch a moment when
the baby is messing
around and looking
straight at the camera!
Exposure: 1/500sec
at f/4.5 (ISO 500).
Conver
t
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Bear in
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ges
BRETT HARKNESS
Photographing toddlers
2nd Edition
The early years of childhood, when a baby nally nds its feet,
are exciting times for both parent and child, so be ready to
capture these special moments with your DSLR
BRETT HARKNESS
F YOU HAD TO SUM UP TODDLERS IN ONE WORD, it would most likely be

unpredictable. From the moment that babies discover the mobility of their
own two wrinkly little feet, theyre up and about with a mind of their own,
exploring a whole new world. Its something that theyll continue to do for a
number of years, so youve plenty of time to get some great shots of them in
their rst years of discovery. That said, kids grow up extremely quickly at this
stage of life, so you dont want to miss out on never-to-be-repeated moments.
You need to be prepared for anything theyre likely to do, so if they pull a face,
fall over, break into ts of giggles, or anything else that kids of this age often do,
youll have your camera ready to capture every treasured moment.
Its really important that you spend a bit of time getting to know the kids and
more importantly, give them a chance to get to know you too. If youre
photographing your own kids or your family or friends children, this isnt such
an issue, but if its a child you dont know, imagine how theyll feel if a complete
stranger starts taking their photos. Spend ten to 15 minutes in the company of
the parents chatting to the child and gaining their trust and youll nd that
theyre far more relaxed and responsive.
A telezoom like a 50-200mm is without doubt the best choice of lens, as you
can shoot at a distance without your subject even knowing that theyre being
photographed, allowing them to behave completely naturally. If your images
arent completely candid, make sure that you spend a little time playing games
and talking to your subject before you start taking pictures, so that they get used
to you being around. Theyll soon lose interest in you, allowing you to shoot
more freely. Look to use a reector if shooting indoors youll nd many
toddlers see the reector as a large, fun, shiny toy, so if theyre playing with it,
aim for tight portraits while their faces are well lit! Remember not to carry
around too much kit, it will get in the way and youll invariably be switching
lenses when the best photo opportunities happen!
You need to have a lot of patience when photographing young children. Dont
try to manipulate them, if they decide that theyve had enough of having their
picture taken, then let them roam around for ve minutes, and then try and coax
them in to a few more shots. But always be ready. When the chance comes to
grab a shot, your camera should be correctly set and you should be able to
capture the moment before its gone.
ABOVE: Allow
toddlers freedom and
it wont be long before
they forget about the
camera, allowing
you to capture very
natural candids.
LEFT: Always keep in
mind that you can
create sets of images
that tell a story.
Triptychs (a set of
three images) are very
popular and worth
trying out.
Makethestudiofun!
BJORN THOMASSEN
If youre using studioash, its not

unusual for toddlers to get a little
anxious, so nd things that easily
distract them. Its natural for parents to
bring some toys with them, but you can
have some of your own there too as
young kids love to try out new toys.
Contributor Bjorn Thomassen has
another solution: Ive found that
bubbles can really work at capturing
their attention and theyll usually widen
their eyes and smile when bubbles are
near. I also have a Disney CD playing
quietly in the background as these
familiar songs help put them in a happy
Giftideas
FRAMED PHOTO-STORY
Producing framed prints that
are made up of a multiple of
images is a great way to
provide a photo-story of the
day. Youll nd many photo
outlets and art stores, as well
as some large department
stores, sell frames with mounts
for holding several images. It
makes an interesting and
eye-catching variation to the
normal method of mounting a
single image within a frame.
BRETT HARKNESS
Toptips:Toddlers
1) MAKE THE SHOOT FUN!
The more the session is about
having fun and less about the
pictures, the better. The best
photo sessions are when you take
the kids mind off whats going on.
2) CAPTURE BREAK-TIMES
Keep shooting even during the
down time when kids are taking
a break, having a drink etc, as
youll get great candid shots.
3) LET KIDS DO THEIR THING
Keep giving instructions and
theyll soon get bored or upset.
Instead, allow them to do their
own thing and occasionally see if
you can prompt them to pose.
4) CHANGE THEIR CLOTHES
Its amazing how a quick outt
change can give images a whole
new look and feel. Add a change
of location and youll come away
with a real mix of images.
5) INCLUDE THE PARENTS!
Dont forget to get mum and dad
involved even if they say no!
Timidtoddlers
If your subjects shy, play
games with them, such
as peeking over chair
backs or around doors,
then grab the shot.
Exposure: 1/320sec
at f/3.5 (ISO 500).
2nd Edition
Photographing youngsters
They can be precocious, naughty and
downright cheeky. But at this age, kids
are often at their most photogenic, too!
TS GENERALLY ACCEPTED BY MANY PARENTS

that the most enjoyable years of childhood are
when their kids are aged between ve and ten.
These are the years when children develop their
personality and a small sense of independence, which
can lead to some fantastic photographic opportunities.
In many respects, these younger years have the
potential to deliver the best child portraits. Because the
kids are able to run around and play on their own, youve
got plenty of scope to capture some excellent candids.
Fit a telezoom to your DSLR (50-200mm or 70-300mm
are good options) and you can keep your distance so that
your subject carries on oblivious to the fact that theyre
having their picture taken. After youve taken a few shots,
nd
a good idea is to
nd a good viewpoint, call their name
and, with your DSLR set to continuous drive, rattle off a few
frames when they look over.
benett of kids at this age is that theyre (fairly)
A great bene
responsive to instruction, so if you need them to sit, stand,
turn around etc, theyre more than likely to do so. This allows
you to shoot a good mix of pictures, from candids to more
staged shots, in a relatively short space of time. And,
because your subject will start to get a little bored after a few
minutes and begin messing about again, you can expect a
few silly faces and poses towards the end of the session.
You should aim to be very relaxed about how you pose
your subjects. A good method to try is to ask them to stand/
sit by a particular place and then take a couple of shots. If
they look tense, get them to shake their arms and head to
get them to relax and laugh as they do this, so they feel like
theyre having fun. Take a couple more shots, tell them
theyre doing great and get them to raise/drop their chin, tilt
their head and so on until you get the shot youre after. Try a
variety of viewpoints and crops to really mix up the shots.
And at the end of the shoot, tell them to go crazy for a couple
of minutes and capture them at their least sensible!
Kids fashion has come on in leaps and bounds so as well
as head and shoulder shots, be sure to take some full-length
body shots to include the fashion of the time. If they have a
unique sense of style, use it and show it! It might be they like
to wear hats, bright colours or dress up as Superman. Your
ultimate goal should be to take a good mix of images that
together captures various aspects of your subjects nature.
As always, if you can, have an assistant, (i.e. a friend or
family member) handy as they can hold a reector or
diffuser to give you added control of the lighting.
Doorways are
ideal for getting a
youngster to stand
or sit in front of
and pose candidly
for pictures.
Choose clothes
that suit the colour
of the door and if
the youngsters
wearing layers of
tops, get them to
lose the eece/
jumper after a bit
and pose in their
T-shirt. And we
do keep saying
it, but you cant
beat the extra
bit of light that a
reector can give.
GIFTIDEAS
Canvasblocks
Theyve been around for a

few years but there is little
sign of their popularity
diminishing. Having a child
portrait on a canvas block
is a distinctive way of
displaying your best shots
and a great
photo gift idea.
Inkjetprints
If you fancy producing your

own range of photo art,
then check out the wide
range of ne art papers
available to use with inkjet
printers. Some good
names and types to try are
Hahnemuhle Photo Rag
Satin Glossy Fine Art and
Permajet Royal Fine Art.
Toptips:Youngsters
1) WORK QUICKLY
A telezoom (e.g. 50-200mm)
allows you to quickly change the
composition from tight head
shots to full body shots.
2) ENSURE THEYRE AT EASE
Before you start taking pictures,
explain to them what you plan to
do and get them to relax, as it will
be easy and over with quickly.
3) BE POSITIVE! Constantly tell
them theyre a natural at having
their picture taken and that they
look really good in the shots. Even
at a young age, kids will benet
from this encouragement.
4) LET THEM PLAY! If they start
messing around, let them play
and capture some candids,
before stopping them to get
ready for the next shoot.
5) REWARD THEM! A bribe (toy,
sweets etc) always works a treat
and a reward for their efforts will
help them say yes again!
Dontforgetteddy!
Some youngsters, even those
getting close to double gures,
cant live without their
favourite teddy! Let them
include their comfort toy in
some shots as it will help them
relax in front of the camera
2nd Edition
Photographingyoungsters:BrothersCaleb&Milesatthefarm
Daniel Lezano heads to a local farm with Digital SLR Photography reader Sean Norris and his two sons, Caleb (9) and Miles (6),
to see what was possible in an hour at an unusual location that most parents wouldnt even consider for a portrait shoot
VE DRIVEN BY A LOVELY FARM on my way to and

from work every day and always fancied shooting
portraits there. So a week before the arranged shoot,
I visited the farm to meet with the owner Harry to get
his permission, rather than turn up unannounced.
Sean is a subscriber to Digital SLR Photography and is
also a good family friend, so I know his two boys well. After
discussing the shoot with him, he had a good idea of what
I wanted to do and on arriving at the location, we left the
camera gear in the car, and had a walk around to seek out
potential spots to take our pictures. Within a couple of
minutes, wed earmarked a stone wall, some wooden
doors, large steel containers, metal horse-boxes and hay
bales as all potential locations.
It was a sunny day, so as well as a reector, I took along
a large Lastolite Skylite diffuser in case I had to work in
direct sunlight. We started off using the brick wall as a
backdrop, with Caleb and Miles standing in front of it or
leaning against it. I tried a number of viewpoints, with my
favourite being to shoot the wall at an angle, so that it
vanished off into the distance. I also shifted Miles and
Caleb, so that sometimes they were in contact with the
wall, then moved them forward to put some distance from
the wall to help throw it out of focus. As well as shooting
from the kids eye-level, I also knelt and lay on the ground
to get different perspectives. I took a shot with no reector,
followed by a couple with the white then silver sides of the
reector (and occasionally the gold side), to see how this
affected the light falling on the subjects.
Next, we took pictures against some metal tanks, which
were bathed in bright sunlight. We rested a large diffuser
against the tanks and had each of the boys stand beneath
it in turn. After taking a number of portraits of the boys
from different angles, we headed to the wooden doors and
used the diffuser panel in much the same way to soften
the light. We also tried shots against some horse-boxes
parked in deep shade. Setting a high ISO of 1000 and a
wide aperture, we used the silver and gold sides of the
reector to bounce some light back on to the boys. The
lads were in a playful mood, so I didnt try to stop them
and shot away as they messed about, before heading for
the hay bales for the nal shots of the day.
I took a series of images of the two boys on their own
and together. We went through a variety of relaxed poses,
from sitting to lying down and standing on the bales and
captured some great shots. Again, relatively low-light
levels meant care was needed to avoid camera shake and
to make sure that the reector was bouncing enough light
onto the boys faces. Despite using a very similar set of
skills and techniques at each of the different shoots while
at the farm, each of the backdrops had a profoundly
different effect on the result. And dont forget, each of the
shots are open to black & white conversion as another
creative possibility. In an hour, Id taken around 200 shots
and, having reviewed the LCD monitor, knew there were
several that would please their parents.
Gold reflector
Silver refle
ctor
An hour is more than enough time to wander

around a location and take pictures. Any longer
and the youngsters will start getting bored.
Remember to take a reector (and if possible a
diffuser) with you, but use the gold and silver sides
carefully as their effect can be overpowering.
Youngsters:
Summary
Regular reassurance and
praise will help nervous kids

relax in front of the camera.
Youll nd a single location
has the potential for several
types of backdrop.
Older brothers are less
likely to want to cuddle their
younger siblings as sisters are.
If you plan to use a large
diffuser, make sure you have
an assistant to help!
Take care with gold and
silver reectors in bright
sunlight as their effect can
be overpowering.
fy!
Go scrufble clothes thatsyhoouerse
mforta
decent
Wear co get dirty and fter lying in
happy toing around in. A manure, my
for walk ase and horse the wash!
mud, greent straight into
jeans w
Imagedetails
All images taken in
aperture-priority mode
with autofocus set to
single-point AF and
multi-zone metering.
2nd Edition
BRETT HARKNESS
Itstimefortheteenagers!
teenagers!
Be careful not to call them kids
teenagers need to be treated
like adults if you want to get
the very best from them!
S EVERY PARENT WILL

testify, kids rapidly develop
far more independence
when they reach secondary
school and each year as a teenager
sees them develop both mentally and
physically at a startling rate.
As a photographer, what this generally
means is that your subjects will need to
be treated more like adults than as
children if youre going to have any
chance of getting them to perform in front
of the camera. So while you may want to
offer some advice on what they should
wear, for instance, dont be negative if they
turn up wearing the complete opposite of
what youve asked them to. Work with
them and when youve taken a good
selection of shots, ask them to change
out
ts and see if theyll go with what you
outts
want them to wear.
Youll generally nd that they have a short attention
span and act as if they have better things to do than have
their picture taken. But if youre friendly, interested in
what they have to say and listen attentively to ideas on
how they want to be shot, youll nd it goes a long way to
keeping them on your side. If you can get your subjects to
enjoy what theyre doing, youll nd them literally shift
from pose to pose after every shot!
Kids are at their most self-conscious when theyre in
their teens and while some are pure exhibitionists, the
majority are worried about how theyll look in pictures,
especially if their hormones are playing havoc with their
skin. Your aim should generally be to capture them in
attering light, make them look like grown-ups rather
than kids and try to get them to enjoy the experience
Teenagers can be
real fun to work with,
so try and capture
this in your images.
Have your assistant
or a friend try and
make them laugh
and be ready to
capture the moment.
Many teenagers
have strong interests
so try and
incorporate this into
the image where
possible, either
through what they
wear or what you
include with them in
the frame, e.g. a
skateboard, car etc.
Whatdo they want?
Toptips:Teenagers
As well as a selection of
pictures that you and the
parents like, you should
also make sure to ask the
subjects how they would
like to be shot. You may
be surprised at what they
come up with! When we
asked Katie for ideas on
how shed like to be shot,
she said she wanted a
nice black & white image
looking away from the
camera and showed us a picture in a
magazine. It wasnt the sort of picture
wed planned but we spent some time
setting it up and capturing the sort of
look that Katie wanted. For this image,
we sat Katie next to some french doors
so that she was side-lit by diffused light,
then set up a studioash with a small
softbox on the oor to provide a little
light from low down on the opposite
side. The image was then converted to
black & white using Photoshop.
1) Make sure theyre happy,

relaxed and having fun. Youll end
up with far better images than if
theyre bored and uninterested.
2) Ask them if theyve any
favourite photos of some of their
heroes and see if you can shoot
them in a similar style.
3) Give them a rough idea of what
youd like them to wear (e.g. plain
T-shirt, jeans, etc) but make sure
theyre happy with your choice.
4) Try not to sound too formal
when talking to them, but be
careful not to use words like cool
if you think it could backre!
5) When youve got a good shot,
show it to them on the LCD
screen. If they like what they see,
youll give them the needed
interest to continue.
6) Dont shoot with their parents
or friends watching as theyll
probably feel intimidated, so ask
those who arent being included
to leave the room!
7) Make sure to give them a small
gift (e.g. 10 iTunes voucher) as a
thank you and send them some
prints of the best shots. Its a
small price to pay for their time
and will also mean theyre more
likely to say yes next time.
Monolighting
If you plan to
convert images to
black & white, its
worth bearing in
mind that you dont
have to worry
about any colour
casts from lighting.
Review
your sh
Some te
ots
the pictuenagers worry
how the
re
s
, so afte
run thro
y look
rp
the LCD ugh the image art of the shoot,in
best one screen and sh s youve taken o
ow
n
s to boo
st their them the
conde
nce!
BRETT HARKNESS
Teenagers usually enjoy a

fashion portrait shoot as it
allows them to pose in their
favourite clothes. Make sure to
produce some prints of their
favourite shots as a thank you.
2nd Edition
A fun lifestyleshoot
with teenagesisters
Daniel Lezano setsoutwithtwosistersforan
outdoorphotosession.Ashe discovers,
if theyre having plenty of fun, its not difcult
to capture lots of great shots!
AYLEY (16) AND KATIE (14) ARE PART OF my

extended family and Ive known them for around
ten years. Theyre no strangers to having their
pictures taken by me, often for various features in
the Digital SLR Photography magazine, but this was the rst
time theyd been asked to pose as themselves, rather than
to show specic techniques or as part of a camera test. A
few days before the session, I had asked them how they
wanted to be shot and they didnt really have any clear
ideas, so I asked them to have a look through various
fashion titles and back issues of Digital SLR Photography to
see if any type of portraits took their fancy. They came back
with plenty of ideas, ranging from nice black & white
portraits to a fashion lifestyle portrait similar to the type
taken by contributors Brett Harkness and Bjorn Thomassen.
As for their parents, the request was simple produce a nice
deries of images of the two of them together.
I had already scouted out a location full of character in the
centre of their home town, Stamford in Lincolnshire and on
the day, the overcast conditions were ideal. A set of large
blue doors provided the ideal backdrop to take some
fashion portraits of Hayley. First though, we asked the two
sisters to mess around a bit and make the whole photo
experience more fun. I snapped away while they pulled
faces, pushed each other about and gave each other
piggybacks and after a couple of minutes, they realised the shoot
had the potential to be lots of fun, so they were lively and responsive
to my instructions. I shot the two of them leaning against each other,
hugging and so on and the results were excellent, as the two of them
looked like they were really enjoying themselves!
Next, it was time to shoot Hayley on her own. Running through a
few poses and shooting from various angles resulted in several nice
shots within minutes. The silver side of the reector was ideal for
bouncing light on to Hayley and lling in unwanted shadows. I asked
Katie to hold the reector to keep her involved and interested. As well
as full-body poses, we took some head and shoulders shots and tight
crops of her face. During the shoot, I tried to let things ow with
minimal interruptions, but kept an eye out for small details, asking
Hayley to move stray hairs away from her eyes and also removing her
pink necklace. We also added a bit of fun to proceedings by having Katie
use the reector as a makeshift fan, blowing Hayleys hair in all directions
while I red away. The results were very hit and miss as her hair was ying
everywhere, but it kept their enthusiasm high, which was important as I still had
more shots to take. With both very relaxed, I took some more of the two of them
together by a blue door, this time with an assistant holding the reector. In the
space of only 20 minutes, we had captured a real mix of pictures and having
reviewed them on the LCD screen, it was pretty clear that there were several
images from the shoot that could be printed and framed.
Havesomefun!
If the subjects are having fun,
youre going to get great shots.
I left the two to mess about,
grabbed some shots, then when
they were totally relaxed, asked
them to give me a few nice poses.
Using the reector as a makeshift
fan kept their spirits (and
Hayleys hair) ying high, too!
GIFTIDEAS
Teenshoot:Summary
Floatingpanels
as much fun as the outdoor for a

lifestyle shoot. The latter is also far
better for revealing more of the
subjects personality.
Having two (or more) teenagers
together means they have more fun
during the session and this makes
for much better pictures. And when
each is being shot on their own, the
other can be kept involved by
assisting with holding the reector.
Dont believe the stereotype of
teenagers as grungy, sulky and
introverted. Most are intelligent,
streetwise and fun to photograph.
Before the day of the shoot, be
sure to mention make-up if youre
photographing girls. Make sure they
only apply a small amount to cover
blemishes and dont go over the top!
A modern and stylish way of displaying

images is to have them made into a oating
panel. The image is printed and placed on a
thin sheet of lightweight aluminium, which
when mounted on the wall using its batons
(inset) appears to be oating. Our sample
was supplied by Studio 100 Artwork and
proved to be very high quality, with strong
colour and excellent detail. They produce
oating panels in various sizes.
For further details, call 01252 712 630
or email: studio100artwork@aol.com
Photobooks
A number of rms offer photo books

made up of your pictures and text. We
made our own using Apple iPhoto
software, then paid for it online and a
week later, it had arrived in the post!
Formal settings are nowhere near
ss!
n=succe (or
u
f
+
s
n
Tee
nagers are
here tee
)
shoot w
matter!
A photo ny age for thatguaranteed to
a
f
is
o
s for
fun
kids
ortunitie
lenty of
having p numerous opptural portraits
produce g lively and na
capturin
Imagedetails
Exposure: 1/400sec
at f/4.5 (ISO 250).
SIMPL
STEPS E
BETTETO
PICTU R
RES
DIGITALTECHNIQUES
IMPROVE YOUR IMAGES & ADD CREATIVE EFFECTS WITH OUR POST-PROCESSING TUTORIALS
98 Photoshoptechnique:Retouchingportraits
The Essential Guide to portraits
2nd Edition
Give your portraits a

perfect digital makeover
IAn fArrEll: The subject of
digital retouching in portraits,
fashion and advertising
TIME rEQUIrED
photography always provokes
60 MINUTES
mixed reactions. Some think it's
EQUIpMEnT nEEDED
adobE phoToShop
unnecessary and over the top, while
cS or ElEMENTS
others think that digital post-production
AlSo USED
is the making of a photograph. One fact,
GraphIcS TablET
however, is undeniable: you wont find a
commercial shot in a magazine or
advert that hasnt been retouched.
Editorial photography is so routinely touched up that its now the
norm. Eyes brightened, teeth whitened, skin smoothed and blemishes
removed. And if you are looking at a glossy magazine right now and
cant tell, it just means its been done really well.
The secret to doing this type of retouching is to take your time and
be as precise as possible. Use a graphics tablet and set aside an hour
for a single image. The Photoshop techniques themselves are actually
quite simple, its just the way in which they are applied that is
important. Lets have a look whats involved.
Eyes can be brightened to add impact. Use the Sponge Tool set to Desaturate,
1
which youll find in the tool box under the same square as the Dodge and Burn
tools. Select a small, soft-edged brush at an opacity of 20%, go over the whites of
the eyes removing colour. We've deliberately oversaturated the eye on the left to
show how effective this tool can be.
A
Everyone has wrinkles, spots and pimples, even supermodels. These are easily
2
removed with the Clone Stamp Tool or Healing Brush Tool, and its best to do
this on a separate layer to avoid spoiling the original image. Create a new working
layer by clicking Layer>New>Layer. Whether using the Clone Stamp or the Healing
Brush Tool, start with the opacity around 15% and build it up.
Select the Clone Stamp Tool and find an area of clean skin near to the spot you
3
want to improve. This is important as it will most likely have a similar tone.
Holding Alt will make a crosshair appear. Click on the clear area before moving the
mouse over to the pimple. Then position your cursor circle over the pimple, hold
the mouse down and slowly 'paint' over the area until it fades.
With the obvious skin blemishes removed, its time to smooth out the rest of the
Apply some blur to this duplicated layer using the Gaussian Blur filter
4
texture in the skin. Well go overboard first, then pull some of the original texture
5
(Filter>Gaussian Blur): 10-15% should do it. The next step depends on which
back to make things look more natural. Start by merging the layers by selecting the
software version you are using. If you use Elements then you need to erase portions
original image, the cloning and healing edits and then clicking Layer>Merge Down.
Then duplicate the layer (Layer>Duplicate).
of the blurred layer so it only shows on your models skin. Use a soft-edged brush
and take your time. This is where a little bit of patience will really pay off.
2nd Edition
Photoshoptechnique:Retouchingportraits 99
Original
Finalimage
ABOVE: The original image was shot with the models face
illuminated by soft daylight, although these techniques are
equally applicable to pictures taken outdoors or with
sources of articial light such as studioash.
Clonetool&healingbrush
As you can see from Step 3, the
Clone Stamp Tool is great at copying
pixels from one part of the image and
pasting them on to another. But what
is the Healing Brush Tool and what
situation is right for each tool? The Healing
Brush Tool also allows you to x blemishes,
but this time the tool takes clean pixels from
around the area youre attempting to x and
pastes them over the problem, trying to match
the texture, lighting and shading for a more
natural look. So, if youre just trying to erase
something from your image, try the Clone
Tool, but, if you are working on something
more detailed, the Healing Brush is best.
If you are using the full version of Photoshop, a much more elegant solution is
6
to add a layer mask (Layer>Add Layer Mask>Hide All), which will hide the
blurred layer. You can then paint the blur back on to the skin by clicking the mask
icon in the Layers palette and using Photoshops Paint Brush Tool to apply white
paint. To remove blur, switch to black paint.
Speciali
st softwa
Photosho
re
for retou p isnt your only
other pa ching images. Ch option
ck
excellent ages such as theck out
(www.po Portrait Professioe
rt
which co raitprofessiona nal
l.com),
sts only
65!
Whichever method you choose, you will end up with an over-the-top result.
7
Throttle this back by decreasing the opacity of the blurred layer, which will let
some of the original shine through. How much to adjust this control depends on the
picture you are working on, so feel free to experiment. Its important to give you
subjects skin some texture or it will look very odd.
100 Photoshoptechnique:Blendmodes
2nd Edition
Boost contrast with blending modes

CAROLINE WILKINSON:
Manipulating contrast and
colour saturation is what
TIME REQUIRED
Adobe Photoshop excels at,
TEN MINUTES
but these two properties are often
EQUIPMENT NEEDED
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP
interlinked. Boost an images contrast
OR ELEMENTS
and youll notice the colours may
look oversaturated too. While adjusting
the Levels or Curves is the most
common way to change contrast and the Hue/Saturation tool for
adjusting colour, using blending modes in a multi-layered image
can be quicker and give you more creative exibility.
Put simply, blending modes determine how a top layer interacts, or
blends with the layer underneath. There are 25 blending modes to
pick from, each having a different effect, but there is also a group
dedicated to changing contrast, including Soft Light, Hard Light, Linear
Light, Hard Mix and, one of the most used, Overlay. Each one handles
light and dark differently so its worth experimenting and it's worth
noting that you can add them to any layer: a duplicate layer, an
adjustment layer, a ll layer or a different image layer.
If you are new to working with multiple layers and blending modes,
dont be daunted, this may sound advanced but its not. In fact, this
tutorial could be the encouragement you need to start using layers in
all of your Photoshop and Elements editing. Lets see how its done.
FindingLayerBlendModes
While you can go to Layer>Layer Style>Blending Options
and nd the Blend Mode drop-down menu under General
Blending, along with many other advanced options that
will look very confusing
to you at this stage,
theres a much quicker
way. All the blend modes
can be found on a
drop-down list in the
top-left corner of the
Layers palette, which by
default will have Normal
blend mode selected.
You need at least two layers for this technique to work, as a blend mode
1
determines how a top layer interacts with the layer underneath it. So, to
begin with, I duplicate the Background Layer, by clicking the layer and
I want to boost the contrast, so I run through the list of blend modes and
2
nally opt for Overlay, as it darkens the blacks and lightens the highlights.
If the effect is too strong, try reducing the top layer's opacity. By boosting the
I need to separate the contrast and saturation, so sticking with Overlay and
3
at opacity 100%, I take the colour out of the top layer using the command
Image>Adjustments>Desaturate. Its given me the boost in contrast I want and
By desaturing the shot, I've lost the colour in the eye. To give it back its
4
impact, I have used a Quick Mask and small brush to select the eye on the
Background Layer. Click the Quick Mask icon again to reveal marching ants. I
choosing Layer>Duplicate Layer or Ctrl+J.
muted the colours. I like it!
contrast, however, I've oversaturated the face, making it red.
then boost the colour (Image>Adjustments>Hue/Saturation).
2nd Edition
Photoshoptechnique:Blendmodes 101
Quick
fix
Overlay
and Sc is a combina
separa reen blend m tion of Multip
respec tely to darkenodes. Use the ly
with ovtively. Great if or lighten im m
ag
er or un
y
derexp oure dealing es,
osed ph
otos
FinalImage
Overall, Im happy with the nal

image, but thought it was a bit
soft, so I added a High Pass lter
to boost the detail. I did this by
duplicating the Background Layer
again, and making it the top layer,
then adding a High Pass lter
(Filter>Other>High Pass) set to 5
pixels and selecting the blending
mode to Overlay. Experiment with
different lters and blending
modes for various creative effects.
Original
102 Photoshoptechnique:PopArt
Giveyourfavouriteportrait
a1950'sstylemakeover!
CAROLINE WILKINSON: When someone says Andy Warhol,
probably one of the rst images to pop into their head is a
colourful montage of Marilyn Monroe or a Campbells soup can.
TIME REQUIRED
Warhol is one of the most recognised artists of the 1950s pop art
15 MINUTES
movement and were still replicating his style 60 years later, with a lot
EQUIPMENT NEEDED
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP CS4
more ease since the introduction of Photoshop. When it comes to picking
an image for a Photoshopped pop-art image, its best to choose a shot with
good contrast because youll be, in effect, using the shadows as a black
outline for your colours. Without good shadow detail to dene the face, your subject may look like theyre
without a nose or mouth. If youre unsure, check the image by turning it black & white and then clicking
Image>Adjustment>Threshold to play with the slider to see if enough detail is retained. You should also
try to pick an image with a background that contrasts with the subject to make it easier to extract with the
Magic Wand Tool. Some shots work better than others, but its a case of trial and error. So what are you
waiting for, give your shots a new lease of life with this graphic Photoshop technique.
Use the Magic
Wand Tool to
select the background
and hit delete to show
the coloured
background behind.
Go to Select>
Deselect, then
Image>
Adjustments>
Desaturate and
Image>
Adjustments>
Threshold, adjusting
the slider to retain
facial details.
Add a touch of
3
blur by going to
Filter>Blur>
Select the top

layers blending
mode to Multiply.
Click the second
layer and create a
Solid adjustment
layer (the split circle
icon on the Layers
palette). Choose a
colour to use as a
skin tone, then
select the Paint
Bucket Tool, hit X,
and ll the layer
with black to mask
the colour.
Gaussian Blur and

setting the slider to
1px. Drag the top
layer onto the
New Layer icon to
duplicate. Select the
Paint Bucket Tool
and hit X to select a
white foreground
and click the face.
(X changes the
foreground colour
from black to white).
Beawandwizard!
If you struggle selecting the
whole background, increase or
decrease the Tolerance level of
your wand slightly and hold Shift
while making multiple selections.
Open the image

1
and drag the
Background Layer
onto the new layer
icon to duplicate
the layer. Now add
a new coloured
layer between the
two layers by
clicking Layer>
New Layer, then
Edit>Fill Layer and
pick a colour. Drag
this layer between
the two and click
the top layer.
2nd Edition
Hold Alt and click between the second and third layer. Now select the Brush
Select the Crop Tool and hold down Shift while dragging from top left to bottom
5
6
Tool and hit X to choose a white foreground colour and paint over the skin area.
right to create a square image. Move the square until youre happy with the
Create another Solid colour adjustment layer, choose a second colour, clip the layer
crop. Double click to complete. Select all layers except the Background Layer by
below and repeat for each colour.
holding Shift and clicking on each layer.
2nd Edition
Photoshoptechnique:PopArt 103
Hit Cmd+T to
7
enter Free
Transform. In the
options at the top,

change the
percentages to 50%
for width and height,
and move the image
to the top left of the
picture. Select the
Move Tool, hold Alt,
drag the shot to the
top right, making a
copy of the image.
Repeat three times
and position the
boxes on the page.
To change the
8
background
colours, scroll down
the Layers palette

to select the right
layer, then choose a
colour and use the
Paint Bucket Tool
on the square. For
other features you
want to change the
colour of, double
click on the
corresponding
layers coloured box
to bring up the
colour picker.
104 Usingstudioflash:Quirkyportrait
2nd Edition
Ispywithmylittleeye...
MATTy GRAhAM: If you flick through
the pages of your favourite magazines
and take a minute to look at the different
portraits splashed across the pages, one
thing should become fairly clear. On the whole, its
the funny, edgy and quirky portraits that grab your
attention more than the serious, dull and
mundane shots. The theory can be extended to
your photographic portraiture work, whether
youre shooting a campaign ad, or you just want to
take some quirky shots of the kids.
As parents know, children have the attention

span of a goldfish, and the more energy and fun
you can bring to the photoshoot, the longer the
child is likely to give you their attention, resulting
in ultimately better portraits.
To test this theory, we invited seven-year-old
Alfie to have his portrait taken. We weren't aiming
to shoot the standard 'head and shoulders' shot
however. With the help of one simple prop a
magnifying glass our aim was to create a simple
yet quirky result that you can try at home too.
TIME REQUIRED
30 MINUTES
EQUIpMEnT nEEDED
caNoN EoS 7D wITh
SIGMa 18-55MM f/2.8
AlSO USED
ElINchroM D-lITE
4IT, coloUrED PaPEr
Makephotoshootsfun
Kids like nothing more than
messing around and pulling faces.
Try to harness this energy and use
it in your portfolios. Ask kids to
pull their scariest face and let
them change clothes to bring
variety to the shoot.
I need to light my subject, but

My first job is to prepare for
2
1
also throw some light towards
Alfies arrival. The less time I
the background to create an
spend adjusting the set-up for when
my subject arrives, the more time
I'll have to take photos before he
becomes tired or bored. I want to
use a coloured background, so I
tape some coloured paper to the
back of some rigid cardboard and
position it in place by a wall.
interesting vignette. I position one

studioflash fitted with an Rotalux
softbox to the right of the camera
at a 45 angle and then place a
second studioflash as close to the
background as possible. Both
units are set to half power.
My aim is to capture the image

When Alfie arrives, I place him
5
4
in-camera, but after a few test
in position and spend some time
shots its obvious that this may not
texplaining the shots we're trying to
capture. We also run through lots of
expressions he should pull to make
the images more fun.
be the best approach. As you can

see, the magnifying glass distorts
Alfies eye and doesn't look natural.
I use the Elliptical Marquee Tool to draw a

7
circle around his unobscured eye and copy
and paste it to the image with the magnifying
glass. I drag the Guide lines to create a frame

around the area of glass. I then use the Elliptical
Marquee Tool again to draw my circle, which is
limited to the size created by the Guide lines. I
click Select>Modify>Feather and enter 1 pixel.
To make sure I have the right

3
exposure settings before Alfie
arrives, I put the camera on
self-timer mode and take some test

shots using myself as a stand-in
model. I set my camera to manual
mode and dial in a shutter speed of
1/160sec (ISO 100). It's then a case
of trying different apertures in the
end I settle on f/13.
Some simple post-processing work will be necessary to correctly

6
produce the magnified eye, but first I need to take the best possible
portrait. I swap the blue background to red to contrast better with Alfies
shirt. I shoot two types of portrait one of Alfie holding the magnifying glass
and one of him without it but with a similar expression. With the second shot,
it's essential to get the eye as sharp as possible as it will soon be enlarged.
I then select Layer>New Layer and then

8
Edit>Paste Into, which pastes the area of
Alfies eye from my previous 'expression shot'
into my circle selection. The eye is still the

original size so to make it look magnified, I click
Edit>Free Transform and then (holding shift to
keep the dimensions the same) drag the corners
out to increase the size of the eye.
To really give a natural magnified look to the

9
eye, I click Filter>Distort>Pinch and drag the
slider amount to -29 feel free to experiment to
see what works best with your image. Once Im

happy with the position of the eye (which can be
adjusted with the Move Tool) and it's centred in
the middle of the glass, I flatten the layers and
save my file as a TIFF.
2nd Edition
Usingstudioflash:Quirkyportrait 105
Finalimage
I spy a fun portrait that's
not only fresh and vibrant
but also looks like it was
shot in-camera.
106 Photoshoptechnique:Black&white
Black&whiteinportraits
There are several factors that you need to consider when

you shoot images that you plan to convert to monochrome
THE STRENGTH OF a monochromatic picture is determined by its raw

components: form, composition and tonal range all have to be at their
strongest. As well as geometry, there has to be a good balance of tones
throughout the picture so that the eye is not forced to linger on areas that are
too black or white heavy and encourage it to move around the whole image.
Its amazing how many brilliant colour images fail when they are turned into
monochrome and how many images that dont work in colour can come to
life as a black & white conversion!
The whole concept of black & white is so different to colour that you have to
pre-visualise the scene, and this isnt an easy thing to do. For example, if you
have a subject wearing a blue coat and they stand against green foliage, the
tones will end up being very similar in black & white due to the limited tonal
separation, and thus youll lose the depth between foreground and
background. In a colour image, you can see the depth because of the disparity
between the green and blue, but in mono that same image will look at and
two-dimensional. Its the distinction between the relative lightness and
darkness of tones that becomes so important in monochrome pictures. You
have to think about tonality that much more. There is a monochromatic lter
on the market that can help. You put it to your eye and hold it up to a scene
and, while it doesnt remove the colour in its entirety, it does reduce it
somewhat. Its a denite aid for evaluating a scenes monochromatic potential
in terms of tonal range and geometry.
To capture your best black & white pictures, you need to get used to thinking
in a colourless world and pick your model and background appropriately. For
example, if your location has green foliage you would be better off choosing a
model with blonde rather than brown hair. Blonde hair will look that much
lighter in monochrome and provide better separation from this sort of
background. If you have to work with a specic model, you might think about
moving them across to a different background if things dont look tonally
distinct, or perhaps change their clothes if background choice is limited.
Black&whiteplug-ins
SILVER EFEX PRO2199.95 around175
Nik Software / www.niksoftware.com
Fully-featured plug-in for Photoshop, Elements, Lightroom and
Aperture that delivers top-quality conversions. The interface borrows
much from the traditional darkroom, including the ability to simulate
black & white lms and manipulate parts of the picture selectively
with Control Points. Expensive but very powerful.
BLACK&WHITESTUDI O30 around26
Power Retouche / www.powerretouche.com
Affordable and full of features, Black & White Studio offers a large
number of adjustable parameters, including colour sensitivity.
Exposure as well as highlight and shadow detail can be controlled
individually, and print quality can be adjusted to emulate different
contrast grades of photographic paper.
BW WORKFLOW PRO$19.90 around12
Fred Miranda / www.fredmiranda.com
The principal behind this plug-in is control and lots of it. You can
take charge over literally every aspect of mono conversion with
BW Workow Pro, from coloured lters to duotone and tritone
presets. Even dynamic range is handled with ease, and the plug-in
can simulate black & white infrared photography too.
2nd Edition
Monomagic
While this colour
image is striking,
as a black & white,
its composition
and tonal range
has made it even
more dynamic and
visually pleasing.
2nd Edition
Photoshoptechnique:Black&white 107
bjorn thomassen
TheTopTeNways
ofcoNverTiNg
TomoNochrome
There is more than one way to
convert a photograph to black &
white. Some are easy, others
more involved. Some allow no
control at all, others give more
than you could ever want. Here
are ten Photoshop techniques to
get you started if you know of
any more, please do let us know!
1) Grayscale mode Switching
from RGB to Grayscale mode
(Image>Mode>Grayscale)
dumps all colour information.
2) Desaturate In the Image>
Adjustments menu, select
Desaturate to drain the colour
from your image in one click.
3) Convert to B&W The Black &
White command, found in the
Image>Adjustments menu is a
more controllable way to turn to
mono. You can add it as an
adjustment layer too.
4) Channel Mixer Choose
Image>Adjustments>Channel
Mixer. Tick the monochrome
box and now you can play with
colour sensitivities with the red,
green and blue sliders.
5) Just one channel Looking at
just one channel will give you a
black & white view. Choose the
one that gives the best result
from the Channels palette
(Windows>Channels)
6) Gradient Map Often
discovered by mistake as its the
next command down from
Channel Mixer in the Image>
Adjustments menu, the Gradient
Map can be used to send an
image to pure black & white
7) Hue/Saturation A Hue/
Saturation adjustment layer with
the saturation slider moved all
the way down to the left will
remove colour from your image.
And its non-destructive too.
8) LAB Colour In LAB colour
mode (Image>Mode>LAB)
choose either A or B from the
Channels palette. Both will give
you a mono result.
9) Raw files The latest version of
Adobe Camera Raw works with
monochrome images. Click the
HSL tab and youll be presented
with colour sensitivity sliders so
you can mimic the effect of using
coloured optical filters.
10) Duotone Not strictly mono,
but we wanted to include it here
anyway. Duotone images use
black, white and an extra colour
for a subtle tint. With a Grayscale
image choose Image>Mode>
Duotone and experiment or try
one of the built-in presets.
108 Photoshoptechnique:Grainymonoeffect
Createafilmnoirportrait
Third-partyplug-infilters
Adding grain to monochrome portraits can give them a timeless film

feel. Find out how to shoot a gritty and nostalgic low-key portrait
There are very few instances when wed ask

you to try and light a portrait for deep shadows
and high contrast, but it seems to suit low-key
monochrome, adding drama and mystery. wed
also normally advise you to steer clear of digital
noise because its grain can ruin a shot, but when
trying to simulate an old black & white film
photograph, theres nothing quite like a bit of
grain to add authenticity.
as opposed to a high-key portrait thats very
clean and bright with light tones, a low-key
portrait is gritty and moody with predominantly
dark tones. Its actually quite easy to accomplish,
as you only need one light and dont have to
be overly concerned with unflattering shadows.
you dont need studioflash either, you can use
window light instead, but you should use a black
background to enhance the dark tone of the
picture. If you position your subject next to a
window, remember to use a net curtain to soften
the light and as youll probably use
aperture-priority mode, you may want to bracket
2nd Edition
the exposures or add a couple of stops of

negative exposure compensation. youll probably
find that the cameras metering can be easily
tricked and the best image is the one thats
underexposed. you want to end up with a shot
that has the lit elements exposed while the rest of
the image is in the dark.
for this step-by-step, weve used a single
elinchrom D-Lite 4IT head with a softbox.
while you could set your camera to a high ISO to
increase digital noise, youd be better to apply
grain using Photoshop to record a sharper result.
To add to the 1920s film effect, we asked our
subject to wear a hat for added texture and
interest and to wear dark clothes so that the
attention is drawn to her face and the lighting
sharply falls off into blackness.
as well as adding noise in Photoshop, there
are also a lot of plug-in filters available, including
the brilliant Silver efex package by Nik Software
that offer you a greater level of control and
creativity over your film noir image.
Wrong
Nik Color efex Pro 3.0 Complete enables you to

apply a film effect and film Grain to your
pictures with one or two clicks. with this
software, simply open the image in Photoshop
and scroll down the filters menu to Nik Software
to access a huge selection of filter options. you
can then select film Grain and be more specific
about the size and saturation of grain you
introduce to the highlights, shadows and
mid-tones. and in Nik Silver efex Pro 2, under
film effects, you can pick from a list of different
film types at various ISOs or control the level of
grain manually. www.niksoftware.com
Before
After
Right
Position the subject a few metres

Position the studioflash head
from the backdrop so that none of
slightly in front of and at a
1
2
the light from the softbox falls on it,
similar height to the subject,
turning it grey or highlighting
wrinkles and creases.
If using flash, switch your camera to
manual mode and set the shutter
speed to 1/250sec (or whatever your
cameras flash sync speed is) and the
ISO to its lowest rating. Youll need to
adjust the aperture to control how the
subject is exposed.
approximately a metre away, and set

to its lowest power. Take a test shot
at f/5.6 to see how well the face is
exposed and then close the aperture
(ie underexpose) until most of the
shot is dark, with only the part of the
face youre trying to light well
exposed. We found between f/10 and
f/13 worked well.
Varying the lights distance from the subject as well as the aperture will limit
3
the light that reaches the face and can help achieve a better effect. Be
watchful of where the light falls on the subject though the eyes are important
in a portrait, so make sure these are well exposed by altering the angle or height
of the light or turning the subject slightly more towards it.
With the duplicate layer selected, go to

Open your favourite image in Adobe Camera
Once youre happy with your picture, click OK to
6
Filter>Noise>Add Noise to open the Add Noise
4
Raw and make whatever adjustments you feel
5
open it in Photoshop. Apply any cropping that
dialogue box. The Gaussian distribution will have a
you need to under the Basic tab, then switch to the
you require and then duplicate the layer (Layer>
HSL/Grayscale tab and click on Convert to
Grayscale to convert the image to mono. You can
then adjust the colour sliders to tweak the tones. In
this case the Orange slider improved the skin tone.
Duplicate Layer) and work on it using the Healing

Brush Tool (see last issues Photoshop for
Photographers for details) to get rid of any
blemishes. Youre now ready to add the grain.
much stronger effect than Uniform but places

random noise across the image, which is closer in
effect to what film would do. Adjust the Amount
slider until youre happy with the level of noise.
Finalimage
As the noise will be added to the
shadows, youll probably find that the
blacks turn slightly grey. To correct
this, go to Layer> New Adjustment
Layer>Brightness/Contrast and then
adjust the Contrast slider slightly.
110 Photoshoptechnique:Monotoning
Addatouchoftone
Bring mood to mono by toning images with a tint of colour.

Here are just a few ways of adding colour using Photoshop
ADDING APPROPRIATE TONES to a black & white image can imbue pictures
with subtle moods. Photoshop offers many variations in colour and more
control over toning than traditional chemical treatments. Adding a
monochromatic (single) colour can not only make an image more aesthetically
pleasing but alter the feel too. Blue will give an image a cool nish and is ideally
suited to wintery scenes, while sepia provides warmth and an effect reminiscent
of photos from yesteryear. For more complicated toning, and to combine an
extensive colour palette, Photoshop also offers duotone, tritone and quadtone
effects that allows a photographer to blend two or more colours.
MethodOne:Hue/Saturation
This is a fairly straightforward way of adding colour. Open the Hue/
Saturation dialogue box (Image>Adjustments>Hue/Saturation). The
quickest way is Cmd/Cntrl + U. The rst thing to do is tick the Colorize
and Preview boxes. Now alter the Hue slider, which creates a range of
colours to choose from. You can alter the intensity of the colour by
increasing or decreasing the Saturation slider. Leave the Lightness
slider alone. You can Colorize a colour photo but the results are not as
smooth as converting to Grayscale and back to RGB.
2nd Edition
MethodThree:Duotones
Traditionally, many monochrome images have been printed
reprographically (CMYK) as duotones using two or more colours to
beef up the contrast and tonal range. Normally you would choose
black for the shadows and one other colour, usually grey, for mid-tones
and highlights. But for a more dramatic toning effect, try substituting
the grey for a colour or add several colours to the mix.
This toning process gives photographers the option of adding extra
colours to their image, making tritone (three colours) or even quadtone
(four colours) pictures. Keeping it simple though usually gives the best
results. While this is the most involved of the four techniques covered
here, it is relatively straightforward and wed recommend you give it a
try to see for yourself how easy it is to create some nice effects.
First of all change the image to Grayscale (Image>Mode>Grayscale)
followed by Image>Mode>Duotone. A dialogue box opens with black
as the default Ink 1. Select the Type drop-down menu to select Duo/Tri/
Quadtone. Double-click the white box in Ink 2 and the Custom Colors
box appears. Choose a general colour by using the colour slider and
click a specic colour from the boxes on the left. You can double-click
the Curves dialogue box on the right of Ink 1 to alter the contrast and
brightness of each colour. This
technique works well when
printed on inkjet printers, which
also use CMYK inks.
Using this method is not

as difcult as it might
look and is capable of
producing very
impressive results.
Hue/Saturation is a very
simple process to try
and a great introduction
to toning for beginners.
MethodTwo:PhotoFilter
MethodFour:GradientMap
Another easy way to alter the colour is using Image>Adjustments>

Photo Filter, which is available in Adobe Elements and Photoshop CS.
Again convert to grayscale then back to RGB. This is a group of colours
that mimic certain camera lters. Choose a colour from the Filter
drop-down menu or click the Colour box to bring up the Colour Picker
where you can create your very own colour. Tick Preserve Luminosity or
the image will go rather at and lifeless. The Density slider allows you to
create a subtle or heavy colour effect.
This technique is perhaps a little gimmicky but if you like 1970s

psychedelic effects, then you might want to give it a try! Go to
Image>Adjust>Gradient Map and click on the graduated box (not the
arrow) to reveal the dialogue box. Click on a colour and use the sliders
to play around with the effect. It gives a dramatic pseudo-solarised
effect, which may occasionally be useful. You can explore this tool
further by creating your own colour gradients, choose colours similar
to duotones for a split-toned effect.
This method allows

you to tone an image
according to the
colours of the
Photoshop photo lters.
Weve selected a
subtle black to brown
gradient but you can
create your own and
create unusual effects.
Conv
ert to R
Which
GB!
rememever method
image ber that you you choose
m
so it ca ust be in R r black & w to use
this by n be colour GB (not Grahite
to
y
selecti
ng Ima ned. You ca scale)
n
ge>Mo
de>RGset
B
FinalImage
To create this toned image we
used the duotone technique
and selected Pantone 105 as
the second colour.
E
SIMPSLTO
STEPTER
BET RES
PICTU
PORTRAITGEAR
EXPERT ADVICE TO HELP YOU CHOOSE AND USE THE BEST KIT FOR SHOOTING PORTRAITS
114 Portraitkit:Lenses
2nd Edition
Thebestlensesforportraits
The standard kit zoom supplied with your DSLR is a good general purpose lens that is suitable for taking
portraits, but wed recommend you consider one of these two types of optics for better quality results
Thestandard50mmf/1.8
In the days of 35mm film SLRs, youd invariably
find a 50mm f/1.8 prime lens attached to the
front of virtually every SLR. It was the first lens
that virtually everyone with an SLR used and
remained popular until the late eighties. It was
around this time that standard zooms started to
appear. With variable focal lengths ranging from
wide-angle to short-telephoto, the 28-70mm
(and similar) lens represented a step forward in
terms of flexibility and sadly it led to the demise
of the 50mm as the standard lens of choice.
However, its popularity has recently seen a
resurgence for a number of reasons.
The first is that its a very inexpensive lens to
get hold of. With 50mm lenses from the likes of
Canon, Nikon and Sony costing just over 100
new, and used versions available for a little over
half that, theyre an affordable choice for most of
us. To add further credence to the value-formoney argument, consider this fact. The lens of
choice for many portrait pros has long been the
85mm telephoto, which for an f/1.8 version will
set you back around 300. If your DSLR uses an
APS-C sensor, as most do, a 50mm that costs
you 100 equates to a 75mm f/1.8 (or 80mm
f/1.8 if you use Canon) but with an effective
saving of around 200!
Also, if you dont mind buying a used manual
focus lens, you can pick one up for around 25.
So for the price of a decent memory card, you
can get a high-quality piece of glass that may be
a few decades old and lack AF, but wont leave
you wanting in the optical department. So,
theres no denying a 50mm lens is affordable,
Whats the big deal about

the 50mms f/1.8 aperture?
but what else does it offer? Well, the biggest

selling point must surely be its maximum
aperture of f/1.8. Having a lens with such a fast
maximum aperture offers stacks of potential.
With your average 18-55mm having a maximum
aperture of f/3.5-5.6, the 50mm is two to three
stops faster, giving a brighter viewfinder image
and allowing you to shoot handheld in low light,
while using lower ISO ratings than you would
normally get away with.
The main benefit of the wide maximum
aperture is the extremely shallow depth-of-field
when you shoot wide open, which helps isolate
the main subject from its surroundings. This
single feature provides significant creative
opportunities, especially in the field of
portraiture. The 50mm also scores better than
virtually any lens in the size and weight
department. Weighing around 150 grams and
measuring about 5cm in length, its the perfect
optic to keep with you, especially when youre
travelling and storage is at a premium.
The final benefit is possibly the most
important image quality. As with the majority
of prime lenses, the optical quality from the
humble 50mm lens is arguably better than all
but the high-end zooms and in terms of
sharpness, is far superior to a standard zoom.
In terms of sharpness, distortion, light fall-off
and contrast and even when used wide open,
youll have little to complain about. So, there you
have it, a small, lightweight and highly affordable
lens with a super-fast aperture and razor-sharp
optics. Is it not time you bought one?
CurrentAF50mmf/1.8lenses
Youll find that brands with full-frame DSLRs
in their range have retained 50mm lenses in
their line-up. If youre on a budget, avoid the
faster f/1.4 and f/1.2 variants aimed at pros,
as theyre larger and cost far more. The Canon
and Nikon lenses have been around for years,
so look for mint-condition used lenses!
Canon EF 50mm f/1.8II
Guide Price: 130
Street Price: 100
Dimensions (WxL):
68.2x41mm
Weight: 130g
The MkII lens is virtually
identical to the original
both are well worth buying.
nIkon 50mm f/1.8D
Guide Price: 135
Street Price: 110
Dimensions (WxL):
63x39mm
Weight: 160g
Small, light and very sharp.
Look for the D tag to avoid
buying an older series lens.
Sony DT 50mm f/1.8Sam
Guide Price: 160
Street Price: 150
Dimensions (WxL):
70x45mm
Weight: 170g
A great lens but not so easy
to find. Remember, Minolta
Dynax lenses fit too!
f/1.8
f/3.2
f/5.6
f/8
f/11
f/14
f/18
f/22
You have to experience a lens as fast as the

50mm to really understand and appreciate its
benefits but, trust us, once youve tried youll be
hooked. The 50mms f/1.8 aperture enables you
to throw the background completely out of focus
and isolate the main subject from its setting. This
set of images shows the changes in depth-of-field
at various apertures from f/1.8 to f/22.
2nd Edition
Portraitkit:Lenses 115
Telephotozooms
IN THE LATTER YEARS of the lm era, the 70-300mm was the most
popular choice of telezoom due to the versatility of its focal lengths.
For most digital SLR users, the 55-200mm covers a similar zoom range,
thanks to the 1.5x effective increase in focal length associated with the
smaller sensor size. Thats great news, as a 55-200mm lens is smaller and
lighter than a 70-300mm lens and its also far more affordable.
The 55-200mm zoom is suitable for a wide variety of subjects. At its
widest end, its perfect for general portraiture, while zooming to the
telephoto end is ideal if your subject is further away or you are shooting
candids. There is a wide number of 55-200mm zooms available and all
produce a decent performance, although weve featured the Nikon and
CanonEF70-200mm
f/4LUSM
Tamron zooms as they offer particularly good value for money. Most
55-200mm lenses are budget zooms, offering good enough quality for
general purpose photography, but if youre intending to produce large
prints, you should look at upgrading to a mid-range zoom with a faster
maximum aperture and better optics. Weve included Canons 70-200mm
f/4L USM as its one of the best in its class. You may nd stores try selling
you a 70-300mm, which effectively behaves as a 105-450mm. While a
great choice for digital SLRs with a full-frame sensor, wed not recommend
the 70-300mm for use with cameras using the APS-C sensor due to
problems associated with the increased focal length, such as camera
shake and its restrictive angle-of-view at close range.
NikonAF-SVRDX
55-200mmf/4-5.6GED
TamronAF55-200mm
f/4-5.6LDDiII
HIGHLY
RATED
BEST
BUY
HIGHLY
RATED
Guide Price: 790

Street Price: 550
www.canon.co.uk
Lens optics: 16 elements in 13 groups
Lens mount: Metal
Maximum aperture: f/4
Minimum aperture: f/32
Minimum focus: 1.2m
Filter thread: 67mm
Weight: 705g
Supplied accessories: None
Dimensions: 76x172mm
Compatibility: All Canon EOS models
Guide Price: 320

Street Price: 210
www.nikon.co.uk
Lens Optics: 15 elements in 11 groups
Lens mount: Plastic
Maximum aperture: f/4-5.6
Minimum aperture: f/22-32
Minimum focus: 1.1m
Filter thread: 52mm
Weight: 335g
Supplied accessories: Case and hood
Dimensions: 73x99.5mm
Compatibility: APS-C Nikon & Fujilm models
Guide Price: 160

Street Price: 120
www.intro2020.co.uk
Lens Optics: 13 elements in nine groups
Lens mount: Plastic
Maximum aperture: f/4-5.6
Minimum aperture: f/32
Minimum focus: 0.95m
Filter thread: 52mm
Weight: 300g
Supplied accessories: Hood
Dimensions: 71.6x83mm
Compatibility: APS-C (various ttings)
Canon has a number of budget zooms and also a

couple of pro-spec f/2.8 options. This is one of
two mid-range f/4 lenses (the other offers an
image stabiliser) and arguably the best value of
Canons four 70-200mm zooms. It boasts an f/4
maximum aperture throughout its range and
these faster optics result in it being a longer and
heavier zoom than budget alternatives. However,
this drawback is soon forgotten once you use it
the autofocus is whisper-quiet and very accurate,
while the image quality is far superior to cheaper
zooms, with less distortion, far more detail and
better contrast. Unless youre a pro requiring the
f/2.8 maximum aperture, this lens (or the more
expensive IS version) is good enough for all your
needs. Well worth checking out.
This version sits alongside the original Nikon DX

55-200mm G ED Nikkor lens but boasts a
VR (Vibration Reduction) facility. The result is a
slight increase in the size and weight but more
importantly improved performance in low light
and at the telephoto end due to shake being
minimised. The Nikon boasts a very wide zoom
ring but the slim manual focus ring at the end of
the barrel could do with more width. The
autofocus is quick, quiet and responsive even in
low light and is one of the better lenses in terms of
sharpness. As with other zooms of this type,
images at the wide to mid-focal lengths are better
than at 200mm. At maximum aperture sharpness
is fair, and improves signicantly as soon as the
lens is stopped down, proving best at f/8-13.
This zoom has proven extremely popular thanks

to a combination of low price, decent build quality
and good all-round performance. The wide zoom
ring is very easy to grip and has a nice action, but
as with the Nikon, the manual focusing ring is thin
and not the easiest to use. The autofocus turns in
a good performance its not the quickest or
quietest but it is accurate and performs better
than expected in low light. As with most 55200mm zooms, it performs best at the shorter
end but quality through the range is good,
especially once the aperture is stopped down,
with f/8-11 giving the sharpest results. Please note
this lens is designed for use with APS-C sensors
only and isnt compatible with larger sensor sizes.
It is available in Canon, Nikon and Sony ttings.
Verdict
Verdict
Verdict
It costs far more than budget zooms but optical

quality is far superior and worth the extra.
A great telezoom thanks to decent all-round

performance and the VR facility.
A budget zoom lens that turns in a better

performance than you expect for the price.
Handling
Features
Autofocus
Imagequality
Valueformoney
Handling
Features
Autofocus
Imagequality
Valueformoney
Handling
Features
Autofocus
Imagequality
Valueformoney
OVERALL
OVERALL
OVERALL
116 Portraitkit:Studioflashoutfits
2nd Edition
Studioflash forenthusiasts
If youre serious about studioash, you need a kit to match your passion. A more advanced set of lights will
meet your needs for extra features, power and performance, giving you the tools to get better results. These
three outts from leading brands offer excellent value, a great range of features and rst-class performance
ElinchromD-Lite4ITStudio2Gokit
Guide Price: 669
Street Price: 549*
www.theashcentre.com
Sophisticated budget studioash
Elinchrom are one of the top brands
in studioash and have long been
recognised for delivering high quality,
reliable products. However, in the
past, the prices of the Swiss rm's
outts meant they were usually
reserved for enthusiasts and
professionals. That changed with the
launch of its D-Lite system in 2006, a
budget kit that brought the quality of
Elinchrom to the masses. It has
proved to be a best-seller and four
years on, Elinchrom hope its updated
outts enjoy similar success.
These new models aren't just a
simple redesign and the odd feature
addition either, they offer real
improvements over the original set,
which itself was excellent. The 'IT' in
the name stands for Intelligent
Triggering and hints at the biggest
changes to the heads. The inclusion
of an intelligent, programmable slave
cell enables it to synchronise with
'strobist' Speedlite systems (in other
words the heads won't re due a
ashgun's pre-ash). Also, and in our
view more importantly, there's a
built-in Skyport receiver. This allows
the heads to be triggered wirelessly,
(in other words without the need of a
sync lead) using a hotshoe-mounted
Skyport Eco transmitter, which is
supplied as part of the kit. The
Skyport system is a radio trigger with
four frequencies (just on the
off-chance someone nearby has one,
you can set a different frequency so
you don't keep setting each other's
lights off! It allows for fast ash syncs
up to 1/250sec, as well as a standard
setting of 1/160sec).
The heads are available in 200
and 400-Watt versions (D-Lite 2 IT &
D-Lite 4 IT respectively) and if
possible, we recommend you buy
the 400-Watt heads as the extra
power is very useful.
Elinchrom has taken on board
comments from users of its original
D-Lite system and have improved its
design and construction, with a more
robust handle, which houses a spare
fuse, and an improved stand tting
that is signicantly stronger than
its predecessor.
The heads feature a cooling fan
that switches on when the internal
temperature becomes too high, and
has a visual safety indicator should
the fan be blocked or stop working.
With beginners in mind, it's no
surprise to nd it's a very easy set of
lights to use. Fitting accessories via
Elinchrom's tried-and-tested bayonet
BEST
BUY
The Elinchrom D-Lite IT kits come
supplied with everything an enthusiast
needs to take their
rst
rst steps into the
world
orld of studio photography.
ElinchromD-Litekits*
ELINCHROM D-LITE IT 4 STUDIO
TO GO TWO HEAD KIT 580
2x D-Lite 4 IT heads;
2x Portalite 66cm softboxes;
1x 16cm reector;
2x ClipLock stands;
1x Skyport Eco transmitter;
carry cases and cables
ShotusingtheD-Lite4ITkit
ELINCHROM D-LITE IT 2 STUDIO

TO GO TWO HEAD KIT 510
2x D-Lite 2 IT heads;
2x Portalite 66cm softboxes;
1x 16cm reector;
2x ClipLock stands;
ELINCHROM D-LITE IT 2/4 TWO

HEAD UMBRELLA KIT 475
1x D-Lite 2 IT head;
1x D-Lite 4 IT head;
1x silver umbrella;
1x translucent
umbrella; 2x 16cm
reectors; 2x
ClipLock stands;
*All quoted prices are taken from

mount is fast and easy. Should you

wish to add to the generous options
supplied with the kit, you'll nd there
is an extensive number of suitable
attachments available.
The D-Lite IT's control panel
couldn't be easier to use. An LED
shows the current power setting with
two large buttons beneath allowing it
to be increased or decreased. Other
controls allow you to set the
modelling light to be on at minimum
or full power, off, or proportional to
the power setting, which is set in
1/10th increments. There is also a
button to switch the audible ready
'beep' on or off. Setting up the D-Lite
IT was simple and straightforward to

do, taking only a few minutes
(preparing the softboxes took the
most time). In use, the D-Lite 4 IT
worked effortlessly and the Skyport
wireless trigger performed perfectly.
Recharge times are fast at around
one second and the 1/10-stop power
adjustments are more than suitable
for general studio work.
The D-Lite 4 IT kit has everything
you need to get started in studioash
photography and the supplied cases
ensure you can easily pack away and
protect the kit for storage or for
transport from one place to another.
Verdict
The Elinchrom D-Lite 4 IT outt
offers a level of reliability, range of
features, performance and access
to lighting attachments that is
hard to match. Whichever outt
you decide to go for, it comes
highly recommended.
Build
Features
Performance
ValueforMoney
OVERALL
2nd Edition
Portraitkit:Studioflashoutfits 117
ElinchromBXRi500/500twin-headkit
Guide Price: 1,020
Street Price: 865
Compact studioash outt
This recent addition to the Elinchrom
range combines some of the winning
features of its D-Lite budget outts,
with the benets of the BX range,
resulting in a simple but powerful
lighting system. The lights come in a
choice of 250-Watt and 500-Watt
heads, but with a difference in price
of just 115 between the twin
250-Watt kit and the twin 500-Watt
kit, its worth opting for the more
powerful option.
The lights have a full digital back
panel that includes the power display
a ve-stop range from 1/16 to
full-power modelling lamp controls,
and various ash settings from
audible recharge conrmation to
pre-ash detection. Multiple button
presses can also be used to program
additional functions from Intelligent
Photo-cell learning mode to EL
Skyport controls using the radio
trigger system included in the kit.
The modelling light can be controlled
independently of the ash power, as
well as proportionately, via its own
set of power buttons.
Like the budget D-Lite kit, the
BXRi500 outt is very compact, and
comes in a stylish carry case that
looks too small for a full lighting set,
HIGHLY
RATED
ElinchromBX500Rikit
2x BXRi 500Ws heads
2x 66cm square softboxes
2x clip-lock lighting stands
1x Skyport transmitter
Cables, stand bag and
compact case for heads
and accessories
and a second small stand bag,
making the kit very portable. Even
when in use, the kit takes up very
little room. The heads themselves
are stubby and the supplied
softboxes are relatively small in size
too. The smaller softboxes, however,
create a more high-contrast image
and require a greater distance for
Verdict
full-length shots. Results are slightly
on the warm side but still very good,
and the lights kick out more power
than Interts Stellar 600. Thanks to
the short ash duration, theyre also
good for freezing motion. The BXRi
range competes with the Bowens
Gemini, with just 57 between it and
the standard Gemini 500R kit.
A sleek, well-designed kit capable

of delivering a huge amount of
power and very advanced control.
Build
Features
Performance
ValueforMoney
OVERALL
BowensGemini500/500Rtwin-headkit
Guide Price: 995
Street Price: 900
www.bowens.co.uk
High-quality studioash system
These are the latest in the Gemini
range, and a revamp will see the new
Gemini R replacing the Esprit, Esprit
DX, Esprit Gemini digital, and Esprit
750 Pro. Bowens claim that this is
the worlds most advanced
monolight is certainly a bold one, so
has it got what it takes? So far there
are only 250-Watt and 500-Watt
versions but they are both mains and
Travel Pak compatible, and feature a
twin dial control and a digital display,
which shows power information as
well as other info from the user
set-up mode. These modes include
pre-exposure ashes, soft start and
lamp-saver options for the modelling
bulb, allowing it to dim when left
inactive for a set amount of time.
The kit includes more sturdy stands
than the Gemini 400 kit, and a
60x80cm softbox in addition to a
spill kill and silver/white umbrella.
An optional remote (RC3) controls
functions, and the optional radio
trigger is compatible with Pulsar,
Litelink and Pocket Wizard devices.
On the side of the head, one dial
controls the power in stops, while the
second in tenths of stops. On the
back panel are the model lamp
controls, cell and ready functions,
BEST
BUY
ElinchromGeminikit
2x 500Ws heads
1x Wide reector
2x 250W modelling bulbs
1x 60x80cm Softbox
1x 90cm Silver/White umbrella
2x Compact lighting stands
1x Sync lead
1 x Deluxe trolley case
1x Travel Pak
battery and power inputs. Flash
duration is a slower 1/900sec on this
model but this is plenty for portrait
photography. This kit is also available
with the Travel Pak for outdoor use
for an extra 300, (more than worth
it for the serious snapper). The whole
kit ts into a large reinforced case, on
a trolley for easy transport. This kit
Verdict
just oozes quality and
professionalism. The results are very
natural slightly warmer than the
400s but not as warm as the
Elinchrom BXRis and benet not
only from the extra power, but also
from the softbox. If you can afford to,
opt for the Travel Pak version for
added versatility.
Stunning outt that performs

brilliantly. Great value, whether or
not you choose the Travel Pak.
Build
Features
Performance
ValueforMoney
OVERALL
2nd Edition
Portraitkit:Reflectors&Diffusers 119
BuyersGuide:Lighting aids
Whether working with ambient light or shooting in a studio with ash, reectors and diffusers are
an inexpensive and versatile aid to help manipulate light. We show you the main types to consider
HERE IS A COMMON misconception

that you need expensive equipment
to get professional-looking results.
While a better camera and superior optics
do make a difference, there are many
affordable bits of kit that can lead to far
better pictures if used correctly. Lighting
aids, in other words reectors and
diffusers, are two such items, proving
useful whether youre using daylight,
studioash or virtually any other form of
lighting for that matter.
The various technique articles earlier in
this guide provide some perfect examples
on how and when to use lighting aids with

daylight, but its worth remembering that
theyre also suitable for use with any
subject that requires lighting control, so are
great for still-lifes or close-ups. And of
course, they can be used in the studio too:
a reector for instance, is often used to
bounce light from the key light source to ll
in shadows on the subject, negating the
need for a second ash-head.
There are several different types of
lighting aids available in different sizes,
shapes and colours, from small handheld
options to those that require a stand or
assistant to hold them. For the majority of

amateurs, a small handheld option is
suitable for most needs, while for
enthusiast-level upwards, larger reectors
and diffusers prove far more effective,
especially when shooting on location.
Our Buyers Guide covers the range of
products from all the popular brands that
are worth considering for everyday use, but
check their websites for more specialist
products too. Weve also a comparison test
of several ve-in-one reector kits, which
will help you make the right choice and
save you money too.
Reflector s
ize guide
30cm............
........ 12in
50cm............
........ 20in
56cm ............
........ 22in
81cm............
......... 32in
95cm ............
........ 37in
107cm .........
......... 42in
120cm .........
......... 47in
70x110cm ...
......... 28x44i
n
90x120cm ...
........ 36x48i
n
100x165cm
......... 40x66i
n
60x90cm...
.......... 24x36i
n
90x125cm ...
........ 36x50in
100x150cm
........ 39x59i
n
130x190cm
......... 52x76i
n
180x245cm
......... 72x98i
n
120 Portraitkit:Reflectors&Diffusers
2nd Edition
CaliforniaSunbounce
Calumet
www.theflashcentre.com
www.calumetphoto.co.uk
The California Sunbounce range of

reflectors is a favourite with professionals
thanks to their stability, build quality and
light weight. The reflector panels are fitted
to aluminium frames that come in various
sizes and are quick and easy to assemble,
disassemble and pack up for storage and
transportation. There is a good choice of
reflective panels available, although not
every colour is suitable for every frame,
but you still have several options open to
you (the downloadable PDF catalogue has
a very useful easy-reference table).
While you can buy extra panels to use
with a frame, the difference in price for
complete kits and individual panels isnt
that wide, so its often worth buying the
complete outfit to save you having to swap
panels while on location. As with other
brands, there are silver/white and gold/
white reflector options, but youll find that
there are other reflective finishes eg
zebra/white (zebra is a mix of gold and
silver), as well as a number of translucent
diffuser options too.
As theyre made for professional use,
youll find that theyre relatively expensive,
but they are made to last for years of
professional use and are produced from
the best possible materials. The
Sunbounce system is extensive, so
Calumet is a major photo

retailer and has an
extensive number of
own-brand photo
accessories, including
its ZipDisc range of
collapsible reflectors.
These include two colour
reflectors, translucent panels and
four-colour sleeves (gold/silver/white/
black) The ZipDisc kits are as follows:
While a couple of translucent panels are

available for the Pro and Mega panels, for
diffusing purposes, wed recommend you
check out the Sun Swatter. This is a large
diffuser that is ideal for outdoor use as it
can be held by a boon over the subject
and outside of the image area. Its easy to
assemble and designed to be used in
windy conditions. There are two sizes
available and a number of options for the
light-reducing value of the translucent
material (1/3, 2/3 or one-stop light
diffusion). Wed recommend the smaller
Sun Swatter with the 1/3 or 2/3-stop
diffuser as a good first option.
Other specialist reflectors in the range
includes the Sun-mover, which allows for
additional control of the spread of light
and the Sun Cage a purpose made
mobile studio for location shooting.
contact importers The Flash Centre if you

require further details, or download the
catalogue at www.sunbounce.com.
Because the number of options is huge,
weve listed the different reflector ranges
below and stated the price of the two most
popular reflective colours. While a
number of sizes are available, wed
recommend the Mini or Pro as your first
choice, and the Mega (stated as Big in the
catalogue) if youre a very keen enthusiast.
Here are the main options:
Micro-mini: (60x90cm)
Silver/white: 101; Zebra/white: 125
Mini: (90x125cm)
Pro: (130x190cm)
Big: (180x245cm)
Zigzaggold-silver/WhiteZipDisc
The gold-silver side combines gold and
silver for added warmth to the subject.
56cm 15; 81cm 26; 107cm 37
Silver/whiteZipDisc
The classic handheld reflector.
Supplied with a zip case.
56cm 15; 81cm 26; 107cm 37
ZipDiscFour-colourcover
This four-colour (gold, white, silver
and black) sleeve cover can be used
on any round or oval reflector.
56cm (22in) ZipDisc reversible: 13
5-in-1kit
This is a combination of the ZipDisc
translucent panel and the four colour
sleeve. Weve tested the 81cm 5-in-1 in
our comparison test.
56cm 21; 81cm 34; 107cm 41
SunSwatter (130x190cm)
-1/3 stop complete 230
SunSwatter (130x190cm)
-2/3 Stop complete 240
SunSwatter Giant (180x245cm)
-1/3 Stop complete 385
SunSwatter Giant (180x245cm)
-2/3Stop Complete 400
Please note that if you visit Calumets

website, you may get a little confused
about the product descriptions, so if
youve any queries, phone their
customer service on 08706 030303.
Elemental
www.studio-flash.com
Kenro
www.kenro.co.uk
Kenro produces a circular and a
rectangular 5-in-1 kit. The circular
reflectors measure 12in, 22in, 32in and
42in and cost 16, 30, 55 and 68
respectively. The rectangular kits measure
28x44in, 36x48in and 40x66in and cost
56, 75 and 99 respectively. All the kits
are supplied in a bag with a translucent
panel and a reversible gold, silver, white
and black cover.
Kenro also offers a range of reflectors
and diffusers with handles called Easy
TranslucentwhiteZipDiscpanel
The circular diffuser at the heart of its
5-in-1 kit is available on its own too.
56cm 15; 81cm 26;
107cm 37; 130cm 46
Grips. It has three 60x90cm (24x36in)

models in the range, the 41 translucent
and the 45 silver/white and sunlight/
white variants. Each 5-in-1 reflector kit
features a translucent panel over which a
reversible gold, silver, white or black cover
can be attached. It folds down into a
handy round zip bag when not in use.
Budget studioflash
specialists Elemental
currently only has two
collapsible reflectors
in its range, but weve
included them in this
guide as they represent excellent value
for money. Both the 80cm and 107cm
5-in-1 kits comprises a white diffuser
with an interchangeable gold, silver
and white reflector cover, all supplied
in a black bag. The 80cm costs 25,
while the 107cm (tested in this issue)
is 35. Elemental also has a reflector
arm available for 25.
2nd Edition
Portraitkit:Reflectors&Diffusers 121
Interfit
Lastolite
www.interfitphotographic.com
www.lastolite.com
Interfit is one of the UKs leading

brands of studio equipment and has
an extensive range of reflectors, from
handhelds to larger stand-supported
types, so youve plenty of choice!
Lastolite is one of the worlds leading

studio accessory brands and is
particularly renowned for its lighting aids,
so its no surprise to discover it has an
extensive range of products. Many are
designed for specific pro uses, so due to
space constraints, weve selected the
products most suitable for general
portrait photography. A comprehensive
brochure PDF can be downloaded from
Lastolite's website if youd like to check
out the entire range.
Softsun/white;silver/white
andsilver/gold:
Round, collapsible reflectors available
in three finishes and four sizes
30cm 10.50; 56cm 16.50;
82cm 27.60; 107cm 39
5-in-1kits
These feature a translucent reflector,
with a four-colour overlay sleeve
(gold, silver, black and white), supplied
in a zip-up bag. They are available in
three sizes as follows:
56cm 26.50: 82cm 37; 107cm 44
Easy Grip:
Interfits Easy Grip
reflector has a
thick handle for
one-handed use
and measures
90x60cm
(36x24in). It is
available in the
following colours:
sunlight/white; gold/silver; silver/white
and -stop translucent and costs 40.
Portrait Reflector Kit: Interfit's
Portrait Reflector Kit is essentially
three reflector panels attached to a
frame that fits easily on a lighting
stand. Each 90x60cm (36x24in) panel
can be individually positioned for
improved lighting control. The kit is
supplied with one silver/gold panel
and two sunlight/silver panels and
costs 100.
The Large Flat Panel Reflector:
Studio-based photographers may be
interested in these large reflector
panels, made for full-length portraits
and fashion shoots. The Large Flat
Panel Reflector measures 89x178cm
(35x70in) and is supplied complete
with a stand and a rotating/tilting
bracket for using the panel vertically or
horizontally. Silver/gold and white/
black versions are available for 82.
Flexi-lite 5-in-1:
This stand-mounted
panel reflector is
aimed at pros and can
be used handheld or
on location. The
aluminium frame has
a boon arm that can
be positioned at any
angle. Various kits are
available in medium
(100x150cm) or large
(150x200cm). The INT303
has a gold/silver/black/white
cover and costs 306.
Collapsible reflectors: When it

comes to collapsible reflectors, no brand
has as many options as Lastolite. Its
round reflectors are available in 30cm,
50cm, 76cm, 95cm and 120cm
diameters and there is a huge 1.8x1.2m
rectangular option too. All of these are
available in the following finishes: silver/
white; sunfire/white, silver/gold, sunfire/
silver; gold/white and sunlite/soft silver.
A two-stop diffuser is also available in all
sizes from 50cm upwards. Guide prices
for silver/white are as follows: 30cm 13;
50cm 24; 75cm 35; 95cm 58; 120cm
75; 1.8x1.2m 91.
Bottletops 5-in-1 kit: This includes a
diffuser panel with elasticated covers.
The kit comprises the diffuser panel and
a gold/white and sunfire/silver cover and
comes in four sizes: 50cm (41), 75cm
(47), 95cm (57) and 120cm (85).
TriGrip: The original TriGrip was the

first collapsible reflector to feature a
handle and proved extremely popular.
The design has been updated, with a new
moulded handle improving handling and
there are now three sizes in the range: the
47 Mini TriGrip (45cm); 62 TriGrip
(75cm) and 77 Large TriGrip (1.2m).
For each size, you can choose reflectors in
silver/white, gold/white, sunfire/silver and
sunlite/softsilver finishes, as well as a
one-stop or two-stop diffuser. Accessories
for the TriGrip include a support bracket
and the TriFlip, a set of seven reflector
covers that can be placed over a TriGrip to
offer the ultimate in versatility. You can
also buy a 185 TriFlip 8:1 kit that supplies
a two-stop diffuser (Mini TriGrip or
TriGrip) with seven colour sleeves.
Triflector: The MkII kit consists of a

support frame with three collapsible
panels, all easily packed away in a case
weighing a total of only 1.2kg. The panels
are available in the following reflective
finishes: sunfire/silver, silver/white, gold/
white and a 1.2-stop diffuser. A kit is 123;
extra sets of panels range from 33-45.
UpLite 4:1: A set of self-supporting
120x90cm reflector panels for use by
photographers working on their own,
who need to bounce light at an angle
from the floor. The angle can be adjusted
from 30-80 and the two panels can be
also be separated for handheld use. The
UpLite comes in two versions, the Cool
Tone has a sunlite/softsilver and silver/
white reflective surfaces, while the Warm
Tone has a gold/white and sunfire/silver
reflective surfaces. It comes supplied
with a waterproof shower cap and a carry
case and costs 120.
Skylite: Best suited for serious
photographers looking for a lightweight,
durable and large diffuser that can also
double up as a reflector. The rigid, hollow
aluminium frame supports a diffuser
(0.75 or 1.25 stop) or reflector (gold/
silver, silver/white, black/white or
sunfire/white) via secure Velcro
fastenings. The Skylite can be bought in a
number of kit forms and three sizes are
available as follows: Small 1.1x1.1m
(1.3kg); medium .1x2m (2kg) and large
2x2m (2.3kg). The standard kit includes
the frame, silver/white and translucent
fabrics and carry bag, and are priced at
around 138, 180 and 260 for the
small, medium and large respectively.
122 Portraitkit:5-in-1reflectorkits
2nd Edition
5-in-1 reflectorkits
If youre looking to buy your rst lighting aid, make it one of these
kits, which offers a silver, white, gold and (rarely used) black nishes.
The translucent panel which these reective sleeves are wrapped
around can be used as a very soft white reector, although its
efciency is poor. You can also use it to shade your subject, although
a purpose-made diffuser is obviously far better for this. As weve
discovered when conducting this test, in all areas including build
quality, all the kits are very similar, so for most photographers, the
cheapest option may well be the best one. Weve highlighted the
major differences below but in truth, theyre all very similar products
Elemental5-in-1(107cm)
www.studio-ash.com
GUIDE PRICE: 35
STREET PRICE: 35
Better known for their excellent range of
budget studioash, Elemental also offers a
couple of 5-in-1 kits that both represent
excellent value. This 107cm kit comes in its
own black zip-up bag and once removed,
the 5-in-1 reector looks and handles much
like the similarly-priced Intert. The
translucent panel is nicely manufactured
and the coloured sleeve has a slot for the
panels tab to slip through when zipped up.
The sleeve can be used to give a silver/

black or gold/white effect and is thick and
well put together. This is a great budget
option and excellent value for money.
VERDICT An excellent budget buy.

Buildquality(panel)
Buildquality(sleeve)
Versatility
Performance
ValueforMoney
OVERALL
BEST
BUY
CalumetZipDisc(107cm)
www.calumetphoto.co.uk
GUIDE PRICE: 41
STREET PRICE: 41
Supplied in a zip-up black bag, youd be
forgiven for thinking that once you remove
it, this 5-in-1 kit will be identical to the
others. In fact its a little different, with the
panel having a thick white rim, as opposed
to the black rims found on the others, and
a thick, easy-to-hold tab. The sleeve is
different too, giving you the choice of gold/
silver and white/black nishes, while the
metallic colours run right through to the
zips. Its a very well-made kit that should

last you years of regular use. As
it's an own-brand kit, it is obviously only
available directly from Calumet.
VERDICT Nicely made and a good price.

Buildquality(panel)
Versatility
Performance
ValueforMoney
OVERALL
Kenro5-in-1(80cm)
www.kenro.co.uk
GUIDE PRICE: 55
STREET PRICE: 55
The white material of the translucent panel
is a little thinner than some but the
stitching around the thick black rim is good
and overall its nicely made. The sleeve is
near-identical to most others, with thick
reective surfaces, and can be zipped to
give silver/black or gold/white options. The
panel has a tab but there isnt a slot for it to
poke through on the cover. As with the
majority of other kits, it is supplied in a
zip-up black bag. While the Kenro proves to

be a decent 5-in-1 kit, it is too expensive to
compete with rivals, especially as there is
no discernible difference in build quality.
VERDICT Good but overpriced.

Buildquality(panel)
Versatility
Performance
ValueforMoney
OVERALL
BEST
BUY
2nd Edition
Portraitkit:5-in-1reflectorkits 123
Interfit265(107cm)
www.intertphotographic.com
GUIDE PRICE: 44
STREET PRICE: 38
The white surface of the well-made
translucent panel offers a -stop efciency
and has a thick black edge and small cloth
tab for hanging off a hook. The sleeve is
made from thick material and can be
wrapped around to give silver/black or
gold/white options. The zip has a smooth
action and at its end, the sleeve has a gap
for the tab to stick through. Intert makes a
large number of kits so you should have no
trouble nding the most suitable size for

you. Better still, they're available at an
excellent price too. A nicely made and high
quality kit, supplied in a zip-up black bag.
VERDICT An excellent, affordable kit.

Buildquality(panel)
Versatility
Performance
ValueforMoney
OVERALL
BEST
BUY
Kenrorectangular(28x44in)
www.kenro.co.uk
GUIDE PRICE: 56
STREET PRICE: 56
As well as its range of circular reectors,
Kenro also has a number of rectangular
5-in-1 kits, with this being the smallest size.
Apart from the shape, its identical to its
circular cousin, with a well-made
translucent panel and a zip-up sleeve
giving silver/black or gold/white options.
When shooting full-length portraits, the
rectangular shape has the benet of
providing a top-to-toe spread of light when
used vertically. Like the circular kit, the

materials used and how it is put together is
rst-rate, the only question is whether the
price will prove inhibitive.
VERDICT Good for full-length portraits.

Buildquality(panel)
Versatility
Performance
ValueforMoney
OVERALL
LastoliteBottletop4896(120cm)
www.lastolite.com
GUIDE PRICE: 85
STREET PRICE: 80
This 120cm kit is the largest in the range,
and also the biggest and most expensive
5-in-1 in our test. Its also different in a
number of ways. First, the 5-in-1 kit is made
up of a panel and two reversible elasticated
sleeves: a gold/white and a silver/sunre.
This has a number of benets: its quicker
to change from one to another as there is
no zip, and you can t one over each side
of the panel, allowing you to have different
combinations to suit your liking. The build

quality is rst-rate, and spare panels are
available so you can place a sleeve on each
and have two reectors at the ready.
VERDICT Versatile and made to last.

Buildquality(panel)
Versatility
Performance
ValueforMoney
OVERALL
OverallVerdict
There isnt a great deal of difference between these kits
and all should provide many years of use if looked
after. The Kenro, Elemental and Intert kits are very
similar but the latter two have price on their side. The
Calumet has the slight edge in terms of build quality,
but whether this is worth the extra compared to the
Intert and Elemental is debatable. The separate
sleeves of the Lastolite allow you to mix and match
colours a little and its extremely well-made, but more
expensive. If youre on a budget, wed recommend the
Intert and Elemental, but for the very best in terms of
quality, wed opt for the Calumet or Lastolite.
BEST
BUY
124 Portraitkit:Generalaccessories
2nd Edition
Generalportraitaccessories
While not essential, the products covered on these pages will prove extremely useful if you plan to take your
portrait photography further. Weve selected our favourite accessories, all providing great value for money
SekonicFlashmateL-308S
Guide Price: 165
Street Price: 150
www.johnsons-photopia.co.uk
Ambient and ash handheld meter
Most photographers are happy with
the performance of their cameras
metering system, so why would
anyone consider splashing out more
than a hundred pounds on a
handheld meter when it could be
spent on a lens, tripod or another
useful accessory? Well, in truth, the
argument for owning a handheld
meter isnt anywhere near as strong
as in the days of lm, but there are
still some valid reasons. For starters,
it can be used to measure ash
readings (cordless or via a ash sync
lead) as well as ambient light, so its
as useful in the studio as it is
outdoors. Another benet is that, by
sliding the white dome over the
sensor, it can take incident light
readings (light falling on the subject),
which are more accurate than
reected readings (light bouncing off
the subject) the system used by all
NissinSpeedliteDi622
Guide Price: 180
Street Price: 100
www.kenro.co.uk
Budget ashgun with lots of features
The Nissin Di622 has excellent build
quality for a ash unit that costs
around 100, its as good as models
costing twice its price. This ashgun
also has some rewarding features
that set it apart from many other
ashguns at this price range. These
include second-curtain sync, slave
ash and a standby mode that kicks
in after two minutes of non-use to
save your battery power. It also
includes a ash stand and a diffuser
for coverage as wide as 16mm and a
ll-in reector. There is no LCD
panel on the rear, instead a series of
LEDs indicate power and a single
button handles the modes. The
Nissin is available for Canon and
Nikon DSLRs and considering the
features and the reasonable price,
offers a decent cut-price option.
Mainspecifications
Guide Number: 45-62 (ISO 200)
Flash coverage: 16-70mm
(24-105mm)
Recycling time: four - six seconds
Bounce facility: Yes (0 to 90)
Swivel facility: Yes (0 to 270)
TTL: Yes; AF assist beam: Yes
Strobe ash: No; Wireless: Yes
Specifications
cameras. You can set it to meter in

1/3, 1/2 or full-stop increments, to
match how your DSLR works and
taking a reading couldnt be easier.
Choose the mode (ambient or ash),
set the ISO to match your DSLR and
then place the meter in front of your
subject, facing the camera and press
the measuring button. If measuring
ambient light, you specify the shutter
speed and the meter selects the
corresponding aperture. This isnt
ideal if youre working in aperturepriority as you need to use the up
and down buttons to get to the
aperture you want to use and then
read off what is the correct shutter
speed. The wide LCD on the front
has large digits making it easier to
read, although theres no backlit
function to illuminate it in low light.
Out in the eld, and in the studio,
Sekonic to be extremely accurate
and consistent. But with DSLRs
offering instant review and
histograms, its no surprise that its
appeal is limited. However, if you
regularly mix ambient and ash light,
youll nd it extremely useful.
HIGHLY
RATED
Verdict
Well worth the current 100
street price tag. Decent build,
features and performance.
Buildquality
Features
Performance
ValueforMoney
OVERALL
Measuring methods:
Incident and reected
Measuring modes: Ambient
and ash (corded & cordless)
ISO: 3-8000
Shutter speeds (ambient): 60
seconds to 1/8000sec
Shutter speeds (ash):
One second to 1/500sec
Apertures: f/0.5 to f/90.9
EV range: 0 to EV19.9
Power Source: 1x AA battery
Size (WHD): 63x110x22mm
Weight: 95g (including battery)
Supplied accessories: Soft
case, strap and Lumidisc
HIGHLY
RATED
Whether you really need one or
not depends on how happy you are
with the exposures delivered by your
camera and if you plan to regularly
shoot ash as well as ambient
exposures. If you are considering a
light meter, this one is worth a look.
Verdict
Compact, light and a very versatile
meter that is the ideal low-cost
option for studio and outdoor work.
Build
Features
Performance
ValueforMoney
OVERALL
SigmaEF-530DGSuper
Guide Price: 250
Street Price: 200
www.sigma-imaging-uk.com
Highly-sophisticated ashgun
Sigma not only make great value
lenses, it also boasts a couple of
excellent ashguns, with this being
its top model. This model is
available in Canon, Nikon, Pentax,
Sigma and Sony versions and is
packed with stacks of features. In
fact, it will take you quite a while to
read the EF-530s instruction
manual to get to grips with them all!
One interesting feature is the High
Speed Sync, which allows you to re
the unit at shutter speeds above
your cameras usual ash sync
speed. The unit can also be used as
a master or a slave unit and offers a
wide-angle ash diffuser panel. The
Sigma is also easy to use with the
buttons spaced out and a bright and
clear LCD monitor. An excellent
ash and well worth considering.
Mainspecifications
Guide Number: 28-53 (ISO 100)
Flash coverage: 16-70mm
(24-105mm)
Recycling time: four - six seconds
Bounce facility: Yes (0-90)
Swivel facility: Yes (0-270)
TTL: Yes; AF assist beam: Yes
Strobe ash: Yes; Wireless: Yes
HIGHLY
RATED
Verdict
The Sigma offers a decent
alternative to more expensive
marque ashguns.
Buildquality
Features
Performance
ValueforMoney
OVERALL
2nd Edition
Portraitkit:Generalaccessories 125
Lastolite1108
background
support
Guide Price: 160
Street Price: 150
www.lastolite.com
Portable studio background support
Unless youre working in a custombuilt studio, youll need some form
of backdrop for your photography.
The most common are either paper
rolls or material. The Lastolite
background support system is
designed to accommodate either of
these, and the heavy duty 1150
version can also support the
superwhite vinyl backdrops. The kit
includes two sturdy lighting stands
and a telescopic cross bar to
suit different widths of roll or
a curtain of up to 3m (1108
model) or 6m (1150
model), the 1150 also uses
a third support stand. The
system can be constructed
in minutes and when not in
use, can be easily packed away
into a small carry bag. This makes it
ideal for those photographers
wanting to create a temporary studio
set up, or those on the move.
However, it is sturdy enough to use
on a more permanent basis. Having
used this kit in our Digital SLR
BEST
BUY
Photography studio for

several months, we couldnt
recommend it enough. Not
Verdict
A simple, affordable solution
whether in the studio or home.
only is it hard-wearing enough

to cope with regular changing of
backdrops, and a urry of models, it
comes at a very affordable price too.
If youre looking to set up a small
studio in your home or garage, then
this Lastolite set-up is denitely one
to add to your shortlist and
represents great value.
Build
Features
Performance
ValueforMoney
OVERALL
HamaRemoteControl5348
SeculineTwin-1R4Nikon
Guide Price: 35
Street Price: 34
www.hama.co.uk
Guide Price: 50
Street Price: 40
www.intro2020.co.uk
Similar in specication to Nikons

MC-30, the Hama is half the price.
Its small, the plastic shell is light at
34g, while its 80cm cord is a good
length. The pimpled button has a
two-stage action and by sliding it
forward it locks into place, with a red
strip acting as a visual indicator. Its a
no-frills remote that does its job well.
Its very affordable compared to
marque brands, but faces stiff
competition from the Hhnel and
Seculine remotes.
This remote is one of the most

versatile models in the budget
sector, with both corded and
cordless operation to suit your
Nikon DSLR. The kit is based
around the 35 UT set-up of a
wireless transmitter and 50cm
cord, but with the addition of a
small bulbous receiver that will
attach to Nikon DSLRs with the
ten-pin socket. If your camera has a
built-in infrared receiver, you only
need to use the transmitter, if it has
the ten-pin socket on the front, such
as the D300s, then you can either
attach the lead or the receiver. We
tested the Seculine with a D300S
and found it worked well with both
the cord and cordless option. The
infrared transmitter proved very
effective at close range it triggered
the shutter when used behind or in
front of the camera while longer
distances required clear line of sight
between transmitter and receiver. A
small button on the receiver allows
it to be set to Bulb, which proved a
little ddly to use, but other than
that, its a well made outt thats
very well priced too. A neat touch is
the ashlight mode, which allows
you to use the transmitters small
white LED as a torch, useful when
shooting in low light! If you use a
compatible Nikon DSLR, its
certainly worth checking out.
Verdict
A reliable, low-cost option.
Buildquality
Performance
ValueforMoney
OVERALL
HhnelRemoteShutterRelease
Guide Price: 25
Street Price: 20
www.hahnel.ie
The Hhnel is larger than the Hama,
but this makes it easier to handle,
and while its nearly double the
weight at around 60g, its still
incredibly lightweight. The two-stage
button has a far more positive action
and the sliding lock facility is better.
The 80cm cord is a useful length but
the inclusion of the extension lead is
a real bonus. Best of all are the pair
of interchangeable connections that
allow it to be used with a variety of
cameras. A brilliant budget buy.
BEST
BUY
Verdict
Perfect choice as a rst remote.
Buildquality
Performance
ValueforMoney
OVERALL
BEST
BUY
Verdict
A versatile remote with lots of
features at an attractive price.
Buildquality
Performance
ValueforMoney
OVERALL
126 Portraitkit:Flashaccessories
2nd Edition
Flashaccessoriesforportraits
There are a wide variety of lighting accessories available for your ashgun, which while not essential
for general snaps, can make a difference when youre trying to be more creative with your
photography. We highlight a selection of the best diffusers, softboxes and kits for your ashgun
HILE SOME photographers prefer to only use

available light, a true master is able to sculpt
light from many sources, with one of the most
common being the good old ashgun. Flashes are
fantastic for supplementing light so you can get a
suitable exposure, but they can also be used to override
the ambient light and become more creative with your
shots. While a direct, naked ash is sufcient for some
situations, many photographers frown on this basic
approach to ash photography as the light is rarely
attering and control is limited. So for professional
results you need to start looking at adding some
complementary accessories to your ash outt, which
will modify the ash to suit your picture and ash effect.
Before picking from the plethora of accessories
available, you need to understand the difference between
hard and soft light and know the ash effect you want to
achieve. In basic terms, hard light produces strong
shadows with sharp edges and high contrast, while one
that casts weak shadows, with no denite edge, is
described as soft light. You also need to decide if want
the light to be dispersed and natural-looking or harsher
and more selective. The following selection covers every
type of accessory that your ashgun could ever need!
StofenOmni-bounce
Guide Price: 17
www.newprouk.co.uk
Street Price: 11
Some ashguns come

supplied with a clip-on
diffuser, but if yours
doesnt, buy a Stofen.
They are devilishly
effective in softening
the light from your
ashgun, with many
snappers leaving
them attached for all
their on-camera ash
shooting. Theyre
available for almost
every ashgun. Well
worth the modest outlay.
BEST
BUY
OVERALL
HamaUniFlashDiffuser
LumiquestSoftboxIII
Guide Price: 20
www.hama.co.uk
Guide Price: 45
www.newprouk.co.uk
Street Price: 16
Street Price: 40
A basic ash diffuser that

has been made to t most
ashguns on the market.
It can be secured to
the ashgun with its
own Velcro strap,
making it suitable
for use in the eld.
The price is a little
high but its worth
keeping one in your
camera bag, should
you have to use a
ashgun unit youre
not familiar with.
The largest of the

Lumiquest range, the
Softbox III produces an
extremely soft light that
is no easy feat when
you take the size and
portability of it into
account. One of the
reasons for the great
light is that the centre of
the front panel is thicker
than the edges, which
reduces the possibility of
a hot spot caused by
the head of the ashgun.
OVERALL
OVERALL
LastoliteEzyboxkit(38cm)
SpeedlightProBeautyDish
Guide Price: 170

Street Price: 160
www.johnsons-photopia.co.uk
Guide Price: 67
Street Price: 67
www.speedlightprokit.co.uk
While many of the other

products have a slight
DIY appearance to
them, the Ezybox
oozes quality and build
stability like nothing else
in this test. While the
Ezybox is value for
money for pros, its
high price may
prove too much for
most enthusiasts,
even though it
offers such a good
performance.
When you see

the dish in its
pre-assembled
BEST
state, youd be
BUY
forgiven for having
low expectations.
However, once you put
it all together things start
to look up and then the
results blow you away.
The value for money is
outstanding, as is the
quality of the light it
produces. One of the best
accessories on the market!
OVERALL
BEST
BUY
OVERALL
BEST
BUY
Maintypesof
flashaccessories
Most ash modiers fall into one
of the following ve categories,
although some may also overlap
DIFFUSERS:
This is a general
term for anything
that softens light
and is usually in
the form of an
opaque or white surface, which is
placed in front of the ash.
Softboxes and standard diffusion
domes are the most common
type of diffuser.
REFLECTORS:
Bounced light
has plenty of
opportunity to
spread out and,
as a result, often
softens the light.
Reectors come in
white, silver and gold depending
on how you want to alter the
light's temperature. Beauty dishes
also fall into this category.
COLOUR GELS:
These serve one
of two purposes
colour
correction or
colour effects.
Colour correction gels are placed
over the ash to match the colour
of the ash with the temperature
of the ambient lighting, such as
tungsten or uorescent.
Colour-effect gels change your
ash's colour for creative effects.
HONEYCOMB:
Also known as
grids, these
provide a
smoother
transition between
shadows and
highlights than a
naked ash.
The light falls off more gradually
than other modiers, in a
vignette-like manner, which can
bring some impressive lighting
effects to your images.
SNOOTS:
Designed like a
cone, the snoot
channels a stream
of light that allows
you to illuminate
certain parts of the scene more
selectively for a spotlight effect.
They are often used in
combination with honeycombs
for maximum creative effect.
2nd Edition
Portraitkit:Flashaccessories 127
HonlFlashKit
Guide Price: 130
Street Price: 110
www.aghead.co.uk
Contains: Two straps, Grid,
1/8 Grid, 8in Snoot, 5in Snoot,
Gobo bounce card, Colour
Correction Kit, Colour Effects Kit
Its not often that a range of products
comes along and changes the way
that photographers work. But the
Honl kit has done just that. The
snoots and bounce cards are made
from high-grade webbing, which can
take the rigours of heavy use. Many
of these accessories are available
separately but this bundle offers
great value for money.
BOUNCE CARD The most obvious
use for this card is to use the white
side to bounce light off and to soften
the light landing on your subject.
But it can be used for much more
than that. If you get two you then
have a simple set of barn doors that
allow you to control the spill of the
light across your image.
8IN & 5IN SNOOTS The Honl
snoots are very versatile pieces of kit,
which lend themselves to a number
of applications. They can be used
closed to direct the light from your
ashgun in a very direct, almost
spotlit manner, so you can highlight
one element in your cameras
BEST
BUY
viewnder.
Alternatively,
you can open
the snoot, which
works in the same
manner as a bounce,
directing the light up
and forward towards
your subject.
GRID & 1/8 GRID
SPOTS These grids
look and feel very
robust and attach to
your ashgun by
combining with the
Speed Strap
(included in the kit).
Once attached the
strong Velcro holds
incredibly well so
youll have no
worries about the
grids slipping.
COLOUR CORRECTION GEL
& COLOUR EFFECTS KIT Possibly
the highlight of the Honl kit, these
easy to use gels are fast becoming
one of the most popular accessories
for asht. Using the Speed Strap, the
gels have Velcro edges and attaching
them to the ashgun is easy and
hassle-free as you just place the gel
over the ash and push on the Velcro
until it takes hold. Just like the Honl
grids, the gels stay in place securely
and cover the whole ashgun.
Verdict
The price isnt low but the quality

of the kit is superb. The outt slips
easily into just about any camera
bag, weighs next to nothing and is
really simple to set up.
Buildquality
Features
Performance
Valueformoney
OVERALL
PortraitFlashKit
InterfitStrobiesPortraitFlashKit
Guide Price: 120
Street Price: 100
www.intertphotographic.com
Contains: Flashgun Mount, Globe,
Beauty dish, Softbox, Barn Doors,
Snoot and Honeycomb
The Intert Strobies kit is a scaled
down version of larger studio
accessories, so while the
attachments are fairly sturdy, they
arent very compact or easy to
transport, particularly the Globe
option that is shaped like a small
football. The accessories attach to a
mount before they t to a ashgun,
so youll need a separate mount if
you wish to use more than one
ashgun at a same time, which is
highly likely.
SOFTBOX The softbox is a miniature
version of the one you get in studios
and is also just as difcult to
assemble. We would only
recommend this softbox for a home
studio as you wouldnt want to put it
together more than once. That said,
once assembled, the build quality is
decent and as long as it isnt given
too much abuse, it should give you a
good few years of service.
BEAUTY DISH The small beauty
dish can be slipped on to the kits
standard mount and, despite its
compact size, delivers an even
spread of light. Unlike some

HIGHLY
models, when attached, this
RATED
lightweight dish wont make
your ashgun feel top-heavy.
GLOBE DIFFUSER This is an
unusual piece of equipment that
attaches to your ashgun via a
supplied mount. For the best results,
you will have to set your ashgun
head to bounce (so its pointing
towards the ceiling) before attaching
the diffuser. Once triggered, the
dome lls with light and then emits
the light in a spherical direction. Be
careful when attaching the Globe, as
one fall on to a hard surface will most
likely crack it into pieces.
BARNDOOR The barndoor has four
aps that allow you to cover up
some of the light from your ashgun
for more control over its distribution.
When using the barndoors open, the
light from the ashgun spreads over
a wide area and makes an ideal
accessory for a background light.
The build quality is okay, but dont
match the Honl kit.
SNOOT & HONEYCOMB
The Snoot and Honeycomb work in
combination with each other. With
the Snoot xing to the mount, it can
This kit has some useful
be used on its own to create a
applications and would prove a
spotlight. The Honeycomb grid
frugal and rewarding buy for the
slides down the barrel of the Snoot
photographers taking their rst
and is dense enough to block the
steps with ashgun accessories.
light quite well.
Verdict
Buildquality
Features
Performance
Valueformoney
OVERALL
130 Ensureperfectexposures
BJORN THOMASSEN
2nd Edition
Be sur
e to brac
Whethe
ket!
tricky ligr you use the gre
exposurehting condition y card or not, in
cameras by +/-1 stops s, bracket your
function exposure com using your
s to ens
ure you pensation or AE
get the s
B
hot
Meteredtoperfection!
Scenes with strong backlighting
can lead to exposure error.
Use a grey card and you should
have no problems.
Howtouseyourfreemetering&WhiteBalancecards
The 18% grey card can be used to ensure perfect exposures when shooting in tricky lighting conditions. Both
reference cards can also be used to set a custom White Balance, but how you take a reading off the cards depends
on your camera (refer to your DSLRs manual). In the meantime, here is a brief explanation to get you started
DIGITAL SLRS USE sophisticated exposure systems with a choice of
metering patterns to suit different lighting situations. The systems work
on the assumption that the area of the scene being metered is a mid-tone,
or 18% grey to be precise; the average if all dark, light and mid-tones were
mixed together. Its the basis of all metering patterns and works surprisingly
well, but can render incorrect exposures when the overall scene or subject
is considerably lighter or darker than 18% grey. For example, very dark
areas or subjects can fool the metering system into overexposing the
image, while a very light areas can fool the camera into underexposure, as
the light meter will take a reading that renders it as a mid-tone.
As a camera is trying to render an image grey, its your job to ensure
you compensate to keep the tones true to life. You can do this by either
using one of your cameras exposure override facilities, such as exposure
compensation, the AE-Lock button or by metering from an area of the
GETTINGSTARTED If youre shooting

portraits in difcult lighting conditions, such as
backlighting, give your subject the grey card and
ask them to hold it angled towards you.
scene that has a mid-tone. And thats where our grey card comes in.
Using it is very simple as our step-by-step guide below illustrates.
The key thing to remember is that you need to place the grey card in
similar lighting to your subject, for instance, dont place it in a shaded area
if your subject is bathed in sunlight. Also, make sure that the card lls the
metering area we would recommend you use spot or partial metering as
the card wont need to ll the entire image area but any is suitable.
You can either lock the exposure using your cameras AE-Lock facility or
note the aperture and shutter speed, then switch to manual mode and dial
in these settings. This latter method isnt suitable on days where lighting is
variable. The card has AF reference lines to help your cameras autofocus
lock on to it. However, you dont necessarily need it to be in focus to work
correctly. The grey card (as well as the white card) can also be used to take
a custom White Balance reading from too.
TAKEAMETERREADING Ensure that the

entire metering area is lled by the grey card
(in this instance were using spot metering) and
lock the exposure with the AE-Lock button.
COMPOSE&SHOOT With this exposure

locked, you can compose your scene and take
your shots. When you check it on your LCD
monitor, the exposure should be perfect.
cut along line
wB referencecard
cut along line
Grey card

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What are some techniques discussed for taking better portraits?

What are some techniques discussed for taking better portraits?

What equipment is recommended for taking portraits?

What equipment is recommended for taking portraits?

2

THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO

THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO

Learn basic techniques

Well show you what camera features you

Our experts show you how easy it is to

Master new photo skills

Learn dozens of brilliant techniques and

Easy to follow tutorials including retouching

Our experts offer essential advice for

Choose the best gear

Our pick of the best lenses & studioash

FROM THE EXPERTS AT

The Essential Guide to Portraits

Produced by Digital SLR Photography at:

To contact editorial phone: 01733 567401

Editor Daniel Lezano

Art Editor Luke Marsh

I love all forms of photography, but nothing comes close to the

Brett is one of the UKs leading

Bjorn is a successful portrait

Paul is a professional portrait and

Designer Luke Medler

Editorial Co-ordinator Jo Lezano

Editorial contributors: Brett Harkness,

Display & Classield Sales: 0207 907 6651

Advertising Sales Guy Scott-Wilson

Sales Executive Joshua Rouse

Production Controller Dan Stark

NICKY BAKER DIGITAL PRODUCTION MANAGER

When youve nished enjoying

Learn how to set up your cameras key

Find out how your cameras metering works to

The eSSeNTIAL guIde To porTrAITS

Key functions of your flash system explained

52expert tutorial: mimic evening sun

What to think about when composing portraits

We reveal how easy studioflash is to use and

66expert tutorialS: metering in manual

18expert tutorial: Follow the rules...

Ensure a perfect balance of sharpness and blur

Expert control of lighting lies at the heart of

From babies to teenagers, we reveal the secrets

90expert tutorial: brothers at the Farm

30expert tutorial: DiFFusing sunlight

The basics of how to handle ambient light

Learn how to use ambient and artificial light

Photoshop & post-production techniques to try

The fundamentals to great mono images

108photoShop tutorial: low-key mono

Our choice of the best gear for portraits

Cut out and use our free grey card!

Turn To PagE 129 To FInD ouT aBouT

The Essential Guide to Portraits

A little unsure how to select the exposure, White Balance or AF systems