Graham Cracker Experiment

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Partner:
Plate Tectonics Lab Activity

The theory of plate tectonics states that the crust of the
Earth is composed of 7 major plates and numerous smaller
plates. These plates move on the top of the hot plastic upper
mantle known as the asthenosphere. This theory also says
that most of these plates are in motion, creating a variety of
interactions at the plate boundaries. At the plate boundaries,
plates may converge (collide), diverge (separate), or slide past
each other in a lateral motion. In addition, some plates may
appear to be inactivity. The purpose of this lab is to
demonstrate interactions of plate boundaries.
Materials
2 whole graham crackers
Frosting
wax paper
Cup of water
plastic knife
Rice Krispy Treat
Procedure
Part 1 -- Divergent Plate Boundaries
Part 2 -- Convergent Plate Boundaries
(Continental and Oceanic)
Part 3 -- Convergent Plate Boundaries
(Continental)
Part 4 -- Transform Plate Boundaries
Read and follow all instructions for each part, then
answer the questions that follow.
You will be given permission to eat your tectonic plates only

after you have turned in your completed lab to your teacher.
Have fun!
Wax paper
Part 1 -- Divergent Plate Boundaries
Procedure:
1.
Break a whole graham cracker into two
square pieces.
2.
Using the knife, spread a thick layer of
frosting in the center of the wax paper. It
should be about the size of a whole graham
cracker but twice as thick.
3.
Lay the two pieces of graham cracker side
by side on top of the frosting so they are
touching.
4.
To imitate the result of diverging oceanic
plates, press down on the crackers as you
slowly push down and apart in opposite
directions.
5.
Remove the graham crackers from the
frosting and scrape any frosting of the
crackers and return it to the wax paper.
Set
the crackers aside.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS PART 1

1. What happened to the frosting between the
crackers?
2. What do the graham crackers represent?
3. What does the frosting represent?
4. Name a specific location on the Earth where

this kind of boundary activity takes place.
5. What type of feature is produced by this

movement?
6.
What is the process called that creates new
ocean floor from diverging plates?
Wax paper
Part 2 -- Convergent Plate Boundaries (Continental and Oceanic)
Procedure:
1.
Take one of the graham cracker squares
you used in Part 1 and lay it on top of the
frosting. This represents the thin but dense
oceanic plate.
2.
Lay the rice krispy treat next to the
graham cracker so they are almost touching,
end to end. The rice krispy treat represents
the thicker but less dense continental plate.
3.
Push the two plates slowly toward each
other and observe which plate rides up over
the other. On the actual surface of the Earth,

the lower plate is subducted.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS PART 2

1. What happens when a tectonic plate gets
subducted?

this kind of boundary activity takes place.
3. What features are formed on the continent

along this boundary?
4. What feature is formed in the ocean along the

subduction zone?
Wax paper
Part 3 -- Convergent Plate Boundaries (Continental)
Procedure:
1.
Break the other whole graham cracker in
half, and then break each half in half again so
you have 4 pieces. Use only two of the
pieces for Part 3, saving the other two for Part
4.
2.
Each piece of graham cracker represents
a continental plate.
3.
Dip one end of each of the two graham
crackers into a cup of water (about 2 cm).
4.
Immediately remove the crackers and lay
them end to end on the frosting with the wet
edges nearly touching.
5.
Slowly push the two crackers together.
DISCUSSION PART 3
1. What happens to the wet ends of the graham
crackers?
2.
In what way do the wet crackers act
more like the real crustal plates than the

dry crackers?
3. What feature do the resulting ends of the wet

crackers represent?

this type of boundary activity takes place
Wax paper
Part 4 -- Transform Plate Boundaries (Continental)
Procedure:
1.
Use the last two remaining graham
cracker pieces for this part. Fit the two
pieces together side to side on top of the
frosting on the wax paper.
2.
Place one hand on each of the graham
cracker pieces and push them together
by applying steady, moderate pressure.
At the same time, also push one of the
pieces away from you while pulling the
other toward you. If you do this correctly,
the cracker should hold while you
increase the push-pull pressure, but will
finally break from the opposite forces.
DISCUSSION PART 4
3.
Why is this movement often described as
horizontal sliding?
4.
Name a specific location on the Earth
where this type of boundary activity takes
place.
5.
Nothing happens at the beginning, but as
the pressure is increased, the crackers finally
break. What do we call the breaking and
vibrating of the Earths crust?
CONCLUSION:
6.
Give an example of how plate movement
directly afects the construction of Earths
surface.
7.
Give an example of how plate movement

directly afects the destruction of Earths
surface.

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Name

Plate Tectonics Lab Activity

Rice Krispy Treat

You will be given permission to eat your tectonic plates only

Part 1 -- Divergent Plate Boundaries

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS PART 1

2. What do the graham crackers represent?

3. What does the frosting represent?

4. Name a specific location on the Earth where

5. What type of feature is produced by this

What is the process called that creates new

ocean floor from diverging plates?

Part 2 -- Convergent Plate Boundaries (Continental and Oceanic)

the other. On the actual surface of the Earth,

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS PART 2

2. Name a specific location on the Earth where

3. What features are formed on the continent

4. What feature is formed in the ocean along the

Part 3 -- Convergent Plate Boundaries (Continental)

Slowly push the two crackers together.

In what way do the wet crackers act

more like the real crustal plates than the

3. What feature do the resulting ends of the wet

4. Name a specific location on the Earth where

Part 4 -- Transform Plate Boundaries (Continental)

Give an example of how plate movement

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