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    Annular Wing Craft

    Uploaded by

    Calvin Ng
    1) A study simulated the aerodynamics of an annular wing design aircraft and a conventional aircraft with the same wingspan using simulation software. The annular wing produced more lift but also more drag and required a higher angle of attack than the conventional wing. 2) Experts explained that while the annular wing reduces induced drag, it increases skin friction drag due to its larger wetted area. The nearly double wing area of the annular wing design resulted in increased drag. 3) The annular wing design also significantly increases weight due to the addition of a second wing, limiting its advantages according to experts because increased weight requires more lift and increases drag.

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    Annular Wing Craft

    Uploaded by

    Calvin Ng
    126 views2 pages
    1) A study simulated the aerodynamics of an annular wing design aircraft and a conventional aircraft with the same wingspan using simulation software. The annular wing produced more lift but also more drag and required a higher angle of attack than the conventional wing. 2) Experts explained that while the annular wing reduces induced drag, it increases skin friction drag due to its larger wetted area. The nearly double wing area of the annular wing design resulted in increased drag. 3) The annular wing design also significantly increases weight due to the addition of a second wing, limiting its advantages according to experts because increased weight requires more lift and increases drag.

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    Analysis of annular wing aircraft

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    1) A study simulated the aerodynamics of an annular wing design aircraft and a conventional aircraft with the same wingspan using simulation software. The annular wing produced more lift but also more drag and required a higher angle of attack than the conventional wing. 2) Experts explained that while the annular wing reduces induced drag, it increases skin friction drag due to its larger wetted area. The nearly double wing area of the annular wing design resulted in increased drag. 3) The annular wing design also significantly increases weight due to the addition of a second wing, limiting its advantages according to experts because increased weight requires more lift and increases drag.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    126 views2 pages

    Annular Wing Craft

    Uploaded by

    Calvin Ng
    1) A study simulated the aerodynamics of an annular wing design aircraft and a conventional aircraft with the same wingspan using simulation software. The annular wing produced more lift but also more drag and required a higher angle of attack than the conventional wing. 2) Experts explained that while the annular wing reduces induced drag, it increases skin friction drag due to its larger wetted area. The nearly double wing area of the annular wing design resulted in increased drag. 3) The annular wing design also significantly increases weight due to the addition of a second wing, limiting its advantages according to experts because increased weight requires more lift and increases drag.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Similarly to prior research on annular wing design, a conceptual aircraft using annular

    wing design was simulated through Ferram Aerospace Research (FAR), a computer software
    used to simulate the aerodynamics of aircraft, along with a conventional aircraft with the same
    wingspan in order to determine and compare their lift, drag, and wing area data. The coefficients
    of lift (CL), coefficients of drag (CD), angle of attack (AoA), wing area, and weight are indicated
    in Table 1 (See appendix). Expectedly, the annular wing design was able to produce more lift
    than the conventional aircraft and exhibited a significantly larger wing area. Unexpectedly, the
    annular wing produced more drag and required a higher AoA than a conventional aircraft.
    The prior research of both Prandtl (1924) and Foong and Djojodihardjo (2012) claimed
    that the annular wing design is superior to the conventional wing design by increasing lift and
    reducing drag; however, the results show that this is not always the case. As shown in Table 1,
    the CL does in fact increase with the annular wing design, but the CD and AoA, on the other
    hand, is shown to be inferior to the conventional aircraft.
    With regards to these results, the experts consulted by the researchers explain that there
    are two kinds of drag: induced drag and skin friction drag. While the annular wing design
    reduces the induced drag by eliminating the turbulence produced at the wingtips by a
    conventional wing, it increases the skin friction drag due to the additional second wing which
    almost doubles the area affected by air (wetted area). In the case of the annular wing design, the
    increase in wing area - almost double the area of the conventional wing - resulted in an increase
    in the wetted area, which resulted in an overall increase in drag. In response, the experts
    recommended the researchers to conduct another experiment in order to determine the difference
    in drag between the annular wing design and the conventional design with a constant wetted
    area.

    Another feature noted by the aforementioned experts is the increase in weight. Due to the
    fact that the annular wing design is essentially a second wing joined to the first at the tip by
    vertical boards, a significant increase in weight is observed. This increase, according to the
    experts, serves to limit the advantage of annular wing design over the conventional wing design
    because an increase in weight requires a proportional increase in lift; and lift increases
    proportionally with drag.
    This study proved that the annular wing design is not always superior to the conventional
    wing design given the same wingspan. Although this study has identified the advantages and
    disadvantages of the annular wing design with an equal wingspan to a conventional wing design,
    the researchers suggest a similar study to be conducted in order to determine and explore the
    advantages and disadvantages of an annular wing design with an equal wing area.

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