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Published by Express Publishing

Liberty House, Greenham Business Park, Newbury,
Berkshire RG19 6HW
Tel.: (0044) 1635 817 363
Fax: (0044) 1635 817 463
e-mail: inquiries@expresspublishing.co.uk
http://www.expresspublishing.co.uk

Express Publishing, 2012

Design and Illustration Express Publishing, 2012
First published 2012
Second impression 2013
Made in EU
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system , or
transmitted in any form , or by any means, electronic, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the publishers.
This book is not meant to be changed in any way.
ISBN 978-1-78098-658-6

..

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Table of contents

Answer Key ..... . . . . ............... . ... .. . . . .. . . .. ..... . ......... .. . . .. . . .. 4

Audioscripts .. . .......... . ..... . ... .. . . ......... . ..... . . . . . . . ......... . ..... 12

Answer Key . . . . .. . .. . . . ... ..... . . ..... ... .......... . . ....... ... . . . . ..... . . . 14
Audioscripts ...... . ............. . ... . . . .. ....... . . ........ . ......... . ...... 23

Answer Key . . .. . . . .. .. . . ... . ...... . . . . ..... . ...... . . . ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .... 26

Audioscripts ....... . . . . . ......... . .. ... ... .. .......... . . . . . .............. . . 36

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Book 1 Answer

Key

Unit 1

Second stop: Radiology

Location: it's on the fourth floor. Turn left after
dermatology.
Reason: Make appointment to look at rash.

1 Suggested Answers
1 Some different hospital department are pediatrics,
radiology, obstetrics and emergency.
2 lt is important to know what different departments
do so that patients are sent to the correct ones to
treat their problems.

2 T

3 F

2 D

3 A

4 1 pathology

5 B

4 pharmacy
5 surgery

2 emergency
3 radiology

5 Suggested Answer
The hospital has many departments for different
patients. Pediatrics treats children while obstetrics
treats pregnant women. Heart patients go to
cardiology, while people with skin problems go to
dermatology. Athletes may need to visit the
orthopedics department.

2 do about
3 look at

4 on the third floor

5 radiology
6 pharmacy

8 Suggested Answer

A: Other than your wrist, you're in good health.

B: Okay, Doctor. Where should I go next?
A: 1 want you to go to radiology for some X-rays.
B: Where's that department?
A: Ifs on the fourth floor. Turn left after the dermatology
department.
B: I'll go there right away.
A: But first, you should stop by the pharmacy. Your
prescription will be ready soon.
B: That's on the second floor right?
A: Yes, next to the surgery department.

..

9 Suggested Answer
Mary Coburn
Hospital visit notes
First stop: The pharmacy
Location: it's on the second floor, next to the surgery
room.
Reason: Refill my prescription.

Answer Key

1 Suggested Answers
1 Some people who work in a hospital include
pharmacists, radiologists, general practitioners,
nurses and lab technicians.
2 There are many special kinds of doctors including
cardiologists, pediatricians or obstetricians, general
practitioners and anesthesiologists.
2 1 T

2 F

3 F

2 B

3 A

3 1

4 1 radiologist
2 pediatrician
3 cardiologist

4 D

5 E

4 obstetrician
5 surgeon

5 Suggested Answer
Many different people work in the hospital. Dr. Sartin
is a cardiologist and heart surgeon. Dr. Collins
is a pediatrician, so he treats children.

2 A

7 1 in great health

Unit 2

2 B

7 1 for a second
2 over

5 cardiologist

3 a bit too high

6 know about

4 thought so

8 Suggested Answer

A: Could you come over here for a second?

B: Sure, what do you need?
A: Take a look at this X-ray.
B: Hmm ... that looks like a broken rib.
A: Yes, that's what I thought
B: Who's the radiologist?
A: Dr. Locke, it says here.
B: He should examine the patient. He must have
missed this.
A: 1 agree. I'll let his office know to set up an
appointment.
B: Good idea. Thanks for consulting me.
9 Suggested Answer
Heartland Hospital
Patient Consultation Form

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Book 1 Answer

Key

Exam Rooms: More bedpans are needed in rooms 2

and 5.
Storage Closet: There is almost no gauze left in the
storage closet. More will need to be ordered.

Patient: Martin Vasquez

Doctor Consulted: Dr. McNeil
Issue: The patient's chart showed a broken rib.
Solution: Mr. Vasquez's radiologist is Dr. Locke. I called
his office to set up an appointment with the patient.

Unit4
Unit 3

1 Suggested Answers

1 Suggested Answers

Parts of the arm are connected by the elbow and

parts of the leg are connected by the knee. The
hands are connected to the""arm by the wrist and
the legs are connected to the feet by the ankles.
2 Some common injuries are sprained ankles, knees,
and elbows. Shoulders and hips can be knocked
out of place. Fingers and toes can be stubbed,
jammed, or broken.

There are many common pieces of hospital

equipment such as wheelchairs, gauze, syringes
and pressure mattresses.
2 Syringes should be placed in a protective sharps
container. Other waste such as gauze or latex
gloves should be placed in a biohazard waste
container.

3 F

2 c

3 E

2
4 B

5 A

3 1

2 T

3 F

3 F
4 B

5 A

2 E

4 1 latex gloves
2 oxygen tank
3 bedpans

4 wheelchair
5 pressure mattress

4 1 A ankle
2 A knee
3 A foot

6 D
B shoulder
B toe
B hand

5 Suggested Answer
lt is important to dispose of medical waste in a safe
manner. Used syringes should be placed in a sharps
container. Other medical waste such as gauze and
used latex gloves should be placed in a biohazard
waste container.

4 only a few
5 don't forget to
6 See you tomorrow

A: Have you done your supply checks for the day?

B: Yes, I just finished them up.
A: Are we short on anything?
B: Yes, we need to replace the bedpans in patient
rooms 2 and 5.
A: Okay. Anything else?
B: We're almost all out of gauze.
A: Okay, I'll have to order some more. That reminds
me, don't forget to empty the biohazard waste
containers before you leave.
B: Will do. See you tomorrow.

Family Clinic
Supply Order Form

2 c

7 1 What seems to be
2 does it hurt
3 All over

4 what happened
5 fell on my arm
6 anywhere else

8 Suggested Answer

8 Suggested Answer

9 Suggested Answer

There are many common sports injuries. Ankles,

knees, and elbows can be sprained from unnatural
movements. Shoulders and hips can be dislocated.
Fingers and toes can be jammed or broken.

2 A

7 1 short on anything
2 we need some
3 Anything else

5 Suggested Answer

A: What seems to be the problem Lisa?

B: My leg really hurts.

A: I see. Where exactly does it hurt?

B: Mainly around my ankle.
A: Okay. Do you know what happened to make it hurt?
B: I was running and fell down. My foot twisted.
A: Yeah, that's likely the problem. Does it hurt
anywhere else?
B: No, just my leg
A: Okay. I think it's just an ankle sprain, but we'll take
some X -rays to make sure.

9 Suggested Answer
Valley Medical Clinic
Medical Chart

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Answer Key

Book 1 Answer

Key

Patient: Lisa Jones

Symptoms: Her leg hurt, especially her ankle.
What happened: She was running and fell down.
Next steps: Lisa likely has an ankle sprain. I will take
some X-rays to make sure her foot is not broken.

When patient feels pain: Patient feels pain when he

moves his arms and when he wakes up.

Unit6
1 Suggested Answers

Unit 5
1 Suggested Answers
1 The major parts of the human torso are the back,
the rib cage, the waste and the groin.
2 The major part of the torso that protects the body
is the rib cage. This bone structure keeps the vital
organs safe. Without it, our lungs, heart, and major
arteries could be easily damaged.

2 1

2 B

3 1 G

3 H

2 E

4 c

3 D
5 F
6 B

4 1 A small

7 A
8 D
B rib cage
B neck

2 A back

4 small
5 shoulder blades
6 bend over

8 Suggested Answer

A: Hi, Joe. What brings you in today?

B: My chest hurts.

A: All right. Where does it hurt exactly?

B: it's just above my rib cage.
A: Any pain near the neck?
B: No, that part doesn't hurt.
A: I see. Does it only hurt when you move your arms?
B: No, it hurts when I wake up in the morning too.
A: Okay, I'll take a look and see what I can find.
9 Suggested Answer
Dr. Jackson
Date: April 20
Patient: Joe Gayle
Reason for visit: Patient is feeling pain.
Areas patient feels pain: Patient feels pain in his
chest, just above the rib cage.

Answer Key

3 B

3 1 D
2 E

3 B
4 F

5 c
6 A

4 1 B

2 A

3 A

6 1 F

3 F

7 1 brings you in
2 back
3 Where does it hurt

7 G

The patient's ears, eyes and eyebrows, are not injured.

The parts of the torso on the front of the body

include the neck, the groin, the abdomen, and the
chest, the waist and the rib cage.
2 F

2 1 B

5 Suggested Answer

5 Suggested Answer

6 1 F

1 There are several parts of the face that sense

things. The eyes sense light and provide vision. The
nose senses smells, and the mouth and tongue
sense taste.
2 The parts of the face that do not directly involve
the senses are: the forehead, cheeks, eyebrows,
lips, and jaw.

2 F

3 T

7 1 she doing
2 facial injuries
3 Where
4 left eye

5 Above or below
6 forehead
7 left ear

8 Suggested Answer

A: I saw the patient in room ten.

B: How is she doing?
A: She has several scrapes on her face. Some look
serious.
B: Where exactly are the scrapes?
A: Two above the left eye. And a deep one on the
left cheek, near the nose.
B: Is that all?
A: No, her lip is a bit swollen.
B: Okay, I'll take a look.
9 Suggested Answer
PATIENT MEDICAL FORM
Head: bump on the back of the head
Eyebrows: no injuries
Eyes: no injuries
Forehead: two scrapes above left eye
Jaw: no injuries
Cheek: deep cut on left cheek
Nose: broken
Ears: no injuries
Mouth: swollen lio

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Book 1 Answer
Unit 7

2 Blood flows through the body to the capi,,af1es a:

then back again.

1 Suggested Answers

Some parts of the respiratory system are the

bronchial tubes and the lungs.
2 Two common ailments of the respiratory system
are asthma, which is when the bronchial tubes are
inflamed and emphysema is where the alveoli lose
their shape and stop working properly.

2 D

4 1 inhale

3 F

2 E

3 c

4 1 circulatory system
2 aorta
3 atrium

5 Suggested Answer
Emphysema is a disease that affects the respiratory
system. it damages the alveoli and causes them to
lose their shape when the infected person exhales.

3 F

7 1 what did you find

2 sorry to say

3 asthma

4 B

5 A

4 vena cava
5 heart

pulmonary artery.

4 emphysema
5 respiratory system

2 breathe

2 T

Blood picks up oxygen when it travels through the

3 alveoli

5 Suggested Answer

4 lungs
5 Oxygen

2 asthma
3 exhale

2 F

3 A

3 1 bronchial tubes

Key

4 condition
5 treatments
6 breathe

8 Suggested Answer

A: Good morning Sally. I've received the test results.

B: What did you find doctor?
A: I'm sorry to tell you, you have asthma.
B: Oh, dear. Can it be treated?
A: Yes. For one, I can give you a prescription for
some medicine.
B: So I'll take pills?
A: Actually, no. You'll inhale it.
9 Suggested Answer
Doctor: Clarence Williams MD
Prescription Note
Patient Name: Sally McNeal
Date: 11/15
Diagnosis: Patient has asthma.
Prescription: 25 ml medicine inhaler. Use inhaler 2x
daily and as needed.

2 c

7 1 heart attack
2 gets blocked
3 doesn't sound good

4 When that happens

5 symptoms
6 Sudden chest pains

8 Suggested Answer

A: Your smoking habit puts you at increased risk for

heart failure.
B: Could you explain what that means, exactly?
A: Certainly. it's often caused by a heart attack.
Basically, it just means the heart cannot supply
enough blood flow to meet the body's needs.
B: That doesn't sound good.
A: No, it's not. it is a serious condition that could lead
to long-term disability or death.
B: Oh my. What are the symptoms?
A: Call the hospital immediately if your leg swells or
if you have trouble breathing.
B: I will. Thank you, Doctor.
9 Suggested Answer
Heartland Hospital
Heart Attack Information
Risk factor: Smoking places a person at an increased
risk of heart failure.
What happens: During a heart attack, the heart
cannot get enough blood flowing. This can eventually
cause permanent damage or death.
Symptoms: Leg swelling or trouble breathing can be
signs of a heart attack. Call the hospital immediately
if you have these symptoms.

Unit9

UnitS

1 Suggested Answers

1 Suggested Answers

1 The main part of the circulatory system is the

heart.

1 The main parts of the digestive system are the

stomach, the esophagus and the large and small
intestines.

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Answer Key

Book 1 Answer

Key

2 There are many possible problems that can occur

in the digestive system. Some are one-time
problems, such as appendicitis. Others are more
long term, such as ulcers.

2 D

3 B

4 1 A large intestine
2 A ulcer

4 A

5 E

B small intestine
B colon

Problems in the digestive system can appear

anywhere. Problems can appear in the esophagus,
the stomach, the appendix, or the colon. Each
problem is different. Problems include ulcers in the
stomach and inflammation of the appendix.

2 T

2 1 F

2 T

3 F

3 1 D

3 A
4 E

5 c
6 B

2 F

4 1 assess

5 Suggested Answer

Such conditions include the lack of a pulse or

breathing.
2 Some common first aid techniques are CPR and
rescue breathing, which can be performed on
victims who have stopped breathing or lost their
pulse.

2 first aid
3 pressure
5 Suggested Answer

First, it is always important to call for medical help in

an emergency. Several first aid techniques can be
applied before help arrives. These include applying
pressure to wounds and cleaning and bandaging
them. CPR and rescue breathing are other important
techniques.

3 F

7 1 same pain
2 have to do
3 that's necessary

4 bandage
5 wound

4 good idea
5 needs to be done
6 Better safe
6

2 A

8 Suggested Answer

A: Hi, Doctor Alien .

B: Hello Mr. Harris. You're still having the stomach pain?
A: Yeah. I've had it for about a week.
B: All right. We're probably going to have to do a
colonoscopy.
A: Really? Do you think that's necessary?
B: Yes. We should check for any problems.
A: Okay. What does it involve?
B: We'll insert a fiber optic camera into the rectum.
While the camera is being withdrawn, we'll find the
problem.
A: All right. Better safe than sorry I guess.
9 Suggested Answer
Date: July 14
Patient Name: Jim Harris
Description of problem: Stomach pain lasting over
a week. Ulcer suspected.
Suggestions: Patient should come back next week
for a colonoscopy.

Unit 10
1 Suggested Answers
1 Many kinds of small injuries can be helped through
basic first aid. These include minor cuts, burns,
and lacerations. People trained in first aid can also
assist in dealing with more serious conditions.

Answer Key

7 1 What's troubling you

2 really hurts

3 take a look

4 first aid
5 ran some
6 should be fine

8 Suggested Answer

A: Hello. What's troubling you today?

B: My arm really hurts.

A: Let me take a look at it. Yes, you have a nasty

cut there. What happened?

8: I fell on some sharp rocks.

A: I see. Did you get any first aid?
B: Yes. Someone applied pressure until the bleeding
stopped.
A: lt looks like it helped. I'll clean it and put a few
stitches in it. You'll be fine in a few days.
8: Thank you, Doctor. I'll be more careful from now
on!

9 Suggested Answer
Family Clinic
Patient Chart
Patient: Bill Johnson
Symptoms: The patient's arm has a large cut on it.
Cause: The patient fell on some rocks.
Treatment: Someone applied pressure until the
bleeding stopped.

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Book 1 Answer
Unit 11

1 Suggested Answers

1 Some common medical abbreviations include T,

HR and BP.

2 To save time filling out prescriptions and exam

sheets doctors and nurses often abbreviate
common words and phrases such as o/e as an
abbreviation for "on examination," and XR for x-ray.

2 F

3 F

3 1
2

E
D

3 c

5 A
6 F

4 B

4 1 A XR
2

3 1 B

3
4

A
F

5
6

E
D

2 c
7

4 1 A drops
2 A ounces

B SOB
B HTN

A Rx

Different dosages are measured out in milliequivalents,

cubic centimeters, and grams.

The doctor's note said that the patient c/o SOB. This
is an abbreviated way of saying the patient complains
of shortness of breath.

7 1 read his writing

2 Let's see

C/0

B milliliters
B grams

5 Suggested Answer

5 Suggested Answer

Familiarity with measurements is imponan oocc...sc

one needs to give the proper amount of eccc.-~
to a patient. Too much medication could be hafrr' '-as could too little medication. Also, it is im
to be aware of how much medication someo e
takes in a given period of time.

Key

SOB

2 T

3 F

7 1 have a question
2 What's up
3 a little high

4 bad infection
5 milligrams
6 goes away

8 Suggested Answer

5 diagnosis

A:

6 HTN

8 Suggested Answer

A: Can you look at this note from Doctor Smith? I

can't read what it says.
B: Sure. it says o/e patient did not appear anxious.
A: Okay. And this is the diagnosis?
B: Yes. it says the patient has hypertension.
A: Oh yeah. Now I see it. it says HTN.

9 Suggested Answer

1 have a question about Mr. Henry's medication.

B: What's up?
A: This note calls for six drops in each eye three
times a day. That seems a little high.
B: That's right. They're higher because he has an eye
infection.
A: So that's why there's this new antibiotic here?
B: Right. He'll take sixty milligrams twice a day.
A: All right. That's all I wanted to know.
B: Okay. Thanks for checking.

9 Suggested Answer

Dr. Smith
Patient Name: Gabriel Simmons
Date: 12/09

Name: Henry, M.
Medication 1: Eyedrops
Dose: six gtt
Number of doses per day: Three per day

T: 98.6 F
HR: 82 BPM
BP: 142/93
Respiration: normal

Medication 2: Antibiotics
Dose: 60 mg
Number of doses per day: Twice per day

Ox: hypertension

Unit 13
Unit 12

1 Suggested Answers

1 Suggested Answers
1

Some metric units used to measure medicine

doses include milliliters, grams, milligrams and
cubic centimeters.

There are many different routes of administration

for medicine. They may be taken P.O. or topically.
They may also be delivered I.V. or sublingually.

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Answer Key

Book 1 Answer

Key

2 Medical professionals must be prepared for any

patient and situation. The preferred route of
administration for a medicine may not be available.
Knowing different ways to give medicine could help
save a patient's life in an emergency.
2 1 F

2 F

3 T

3 1 F
2 c

3 A
4 D

5 E
6 B

4 1 route of administration
2 intramuscular injection

3 administer
4 dosage

5 Suggested Answer
Ms. Gates received medicine in several different
ways. First she received a topical ointment. Later, she
needed more serious medicine through an I.V. and
intramuscular injections. When she was discharged
she received antibiotic pills to be taken P.O.
6

2 D

7 1 before I head out

2 twice daily
3 Should that be

4 would work better

5 He'll want to
6 chew tablets

8 Suggested Answer

A: Let's review these patients' meds before I head out.

B: Sure thing, Doctor.
A: Ms. Smith should receive 100 mg of steroids twice
daily.
B: Should that be administered through an IM or
I.V.?
A: Use an I.V. so the administration is slower.
Second, Mr. Jones should take his heart pills
every six hours.
B: Okay. Is he able to swallow them?
A: Yes, standard P.O. administration is fine.
B: Got it. Thanks, Doctor. Have a good night.
9 Suggested Answer

2 F

3 T

3 1 E
2 B

3 D

5 A
6 F

4 1 stat
2 qhs

3 ac
4 qh

5 pc

5 Suggested Answer
The patients need their medications at many different
times. Mr. Foster needs his heart pills TID. Ms. Richards
can have ibuprofen PRN. Ms. Edmonds needs steroid
injections BID. Mr. Davies needs injections OlD.

2 D

7 1 What does he need

2 antiviral pills
3 how often

4 should be taken
5 Anything else
6 not more than

8 Suggested Answer

A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:

Let's go over the new patient's medications.

Okay, Doctor. What does he need?
He needs a 50 cc steroid injection.
Sure. And how often should he get those?
They should be given BID.
I understand. Anything else?
Give him 300 mg of this antibiotic ever.; night, qhs.
Got it. I'll add that to his chart.

Heartland Hospital
Patient Medication Chart

Patient: Claire Smith

Medication: 100 mg of steroids twice daily.
Route of administration: I.V. injection
Patient: Bill Jones
Medication: heart pills, every six hours.
Route of administration: standard P.O. administration.

Answer Key

1 Suggested Answers
1 There are many different frequencies for
administering medicine. A drug might be given twice
a day (BID), three times a day (TID), or four times a
day (OlD). Some should be taken before or after
eating - ac for before meals and pc for after meals.
2 Medical professionals should know all the
abbreviations for dosing frequencies to ensure
medicines work in the best way possible.

9 Suggested Answer

Heartland Hospital
Patient Medications

10

Unit 14

Patient: Ed Walker
Medication 1: 50 cc steroid injection.
Frequency: They should be given BID.
Medication 2: 300 mg antibiotics.
Frequency: He should be given them every night, qhs.

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Book 1 Answer

Key

Unit 15

1 Suggested Answers
1

Cleanliness is important in a hospital to stop the

spread of contagious viruses and drug resistant
bacteria. If these are transmitted they can cause
many infections in patients.
2 To avoid infections antimicrobial soap must be
used. Antibiotic drugs should be stored correctly
and infected patients should be put in quarantine.
Finally, face masks must be worn in quarantine
areas.

2 c

3 A

3 1

3 E

5 A

2 D

4 B

6 F

4 1 A antimicrobial
2

7 G

B biohazard
B virus

A disinfectant

5 Suggested Answer
Illnesses are passed from person to person
transmission of infectious microbes. This often
through the membranes of the nose and
Wearing a face mask can help prevent
transmissions from occurring.

2 T

by the
occurs
mouth.
these

3 F

7 1 a day or two
2 give it
3 highly contagious

4 antimicrobial
5 anything else
6 facemask

8 Suggested Answer

A: Well Mrs. Simms, you have the flu. it's a fairly

B:
A:
B:
A:
B:

common strain. You should recover in a day or

two.
Okay. I hope I don't give it to my spouse.
lt is a highly contagious illness. Chances are he
will get it.
Is there anything I can do to stop it?
Just make sure to wash your hands regularly. And
use antimicrobial soap.
I will. Thanks Doctor.

9 Suggested Answer
Patient: Alina Santos
Diagnosis: Ms. Santos has the flu.
Concerns: Ms. Santos has a spouse at home that
she does not want to transfer the virus to.
Treatment Suggestions: I advised Ms. Santos to use
antimicrobial soap.

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Answer Key

11

Audioscripts
Unit 1
Doctor (M): Well, Mary, other than that rash, you're in
great health.
Patient (F): Okay, Doctor. What should I do about it?
Doctor: I want you to go to dermatology. Make an
appointment for them to look at it.
Patient: Where's that department?
Doctor: it's on the third floor. Turn right when you pass
the radiology department.
Patient: Great, I'll head up there now.
Doctor: But first, you should refill your prescription at the
pharmacy.
Patient: The pharmacy is downstairs, right?
Doctor: Yes, next to the emergency room.
Unit 2

Doctor: Yeah, that's likely the problem. Does it hurt

anywhere else?
Patient: No, just my arm.
Doctor: Okay. I think it's just an elbow sprain, but we'll
take some X-rays to make sure.
Unit 5
Doctor (M): Hi, Jessica. What brings you in today?
Patient (F): My back hurts.
Doctor: All right. Where does it hurt exactly?
Patient: it's just the small of my back.
Doctor: Any pain near the shoulder blades or neck?
Patient: No, that part doesn't hurt.
Doctor: I see. Does it only hurt when you bend over?
Patient: No, it hurts when I wake up in the morning too.
Doctor: Okay, I'll take a look and see what I can find .

Nurse (F): Dr. McNeil, could you come over here for a
second?
Doctor (M): Sure, Carol. What do you need?
Nurse: I just took Ms. Greyson's blood pressure. it's one
fifty over ninety-two.
Doctor: Hmm. That's a bit too high.
Nurse: Yes, I thought so, too.
Doctor: Who's her cardiologist?
Nurse: Her chart says it's Dr. Sartin.
Doctor: He'll want to know about this.
Nurse: I'll let his office know to set up an appointment.
Doctor: Good idea. Thanks for consulting me.
Unit3

Unit 6

Nurse (M): Hi, Dr. Stevens. I just saw the patient in room
seven.
Doctor (F): Ah, yes. How is she doing?
Nurse: She has several facial injuries. Most are just scrapes.
Doctor: Okay. Where are the scrapes exactly?
Nurse: There are a few above the left eye.
Doctor: Above or below the eyebrow?
Nurse: Above the eyebrow. On the forehead.
Doctor: I see. Is that all?
Nurse: No. There is a deep wound near her left ear that
looks serious. She may need stitches.
Doctor: Thanks, Ben. I'll take a look.

Nurse 1 (F): Gary, have you done your supply checks for
the day?

Unit 7

Nurse 2 (M): Yes, I just finished them up.

Nurse 1: Are we short on anything?
Nurse 2: Yes, we need some more latex gloves in exam
rooms 1 and 3.

Nurse 1: Okay. Anything else?

Nurse 2: There are only a few syringes left in the storage
closet.

Nurse 1: Okay, I'll have to order some of those. That

reminds me, don't forget to empty the sharps
containers before you leave.
Nurse 2: Will do. See you tomorrow, Carol.

Doctor (M): Good morning, Mrs. Simmons. I've taken a

look at your chest x-rays.
Patient (F): Yes. And what did you find?
Doctor: I'm sorry to say, it appears to be emphysema.
Patient: Oh, really? I thought it was just my asthma.
Doctor: Weii, you've had asthma for years. But this is an
entirely new condition.
Patient: Can it be cured?
Doctor: Unfortunately, emphysema is incurable.
But there are treatments that can slow its progression.
Patient: I hope they work. I just want to be able to breathe
well.

Unit4
Doctor (F): What seems to be the problem, Tommy?
Patient (M): My arm really hurts.
Doctor: I see. Where exactly does it hurt?
Patient: All over, but especially the elbow.
Doctor: Okay. Do you know what happened to make it
hurt?
Patient: I was playing soccer and fell on my arm.

12

Answer Key

UnitS
Doctor (F): Mr. Robinson, your blood pressure is really
high. You're at increased risk for a heart attack.
Patient (M): Could you explain exactly what happens
during a heart attack?
Doctor: Certainly. Usually. an art ery inside the heart gets
blocked by fatty acids.

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Patient: That doesn't sound good.

Doctor: No, it's not. When that happens, blood can't get
through. That can lead to permanent damage or death.
Patient: Oh my. What are the symptoms?
Doctor: Sudden chest pains or difficulty breathing. Call
the hospital immediately if you have them.
Patient: I will. Thank you, Doctor.

Unit9
Doctor (F): Hi, Mr. Harvey. You're here because of the
stomach pain. Is that right?
Patient (M): Yeah. it's the same pain as a week ago.
Doctor: All right. You know, we're probably going to have
to do a coionoscopy.
Patient: Really? Do you think that's necessary?
Doctor: it's a good idea if you're having persistent lower
abdominal pains. We should check for any problems.
Patient: Okay. You have me convinced. What needs to
be done?
Doctor: Briefly, we'll insert a fiber optic camera into the
rectum. While the camera is being withdrawn, we'll
find the problem.
Patient: All right. Better safe than sorry.

Unit 10
Doctor (F): Hello, Bill. What's troubling you today?
Patient (M): My finger really hurts.
Doctor: Let me take a look at it. Yes, it's all red with a
blister. What happened?
Patient: I touched a hot stove.
Doctor: I see. Did anyone provide first aid?
Patient: Yeah, I ran some cold water over it.
Doctor: Well, it probably helped. it should be fine in a few
days. Just put aloe vera on it.
Patient: Thank you, Doctor. I'll try to be more careful.

Unit 11
Nurse 1 (M): Hey, Susan. Can you take a look at these
notes from Dr. Downing? I just can't read his writing.
Nurse 2 (F): lt is pretty messy sometimes. Let's see.
Nurse 1: Look. Is this c/o or o/e?
Nurse 2: it's hard to tell. But I think it says, "patient c/o
SOB."
Nurse 1: Ah. That makes sense. I can see it now. And
this is the diagnosis here?
Nurse 2: Yes. lt says, Dx HTN.
Nurse 1: So the patient has hypertension?
Nurse 2: That's right.

Unit 12
Nurse (F): Hey, Mark. I have a question about Mr. Paul's
medication.

Head Nurse (M}; s:: ?..-:

Nurse: This no e cc_ :: =:" - =--::
a day. That s ee~:: ::. - 7 - _
Head Nurse: That's r:;;~:. --:
Mr. Paul has a bac -=;:.:- :Nurse: Oh. So that's ,r 1
He'll take fifty mi lligra~:: :-: 7 :. ::..:.
Head Nurse: Right. He'' :c.. = - _-- ::.= =
goes away.
Nurse: All right. That's alii :,a--:=: : -:
Head Nurse: Okay. Thanks for
__

-= :.

:-=-=::: -: -

Unit 13
Doctor (Mj: Cindy, let's review th ese ::. :-: -==~
before I head out.
Nurse (F): Sure thing, Doctor.
Doctor: Ms. Fulton should receive 150 ~~~ := ?..-~
twice daily.
Nurse: Should that be administered P.O. or : - :_;- c.injection?
Doctor: An IM would work better. Second, Mr. B ,,- :;:_have aspirin if he asks for it, but not more th8.f' 6:: - ;
per day.
Nurse: Okay. He'll want to take that sublingually. ngrl
Doctor: Yes, he can't chew tablets.
Nurse: Got it. Thanks, Doctor. Have a good night.

=::

Unit 14
Doctor (M): Sharon, Mr. Walker is a new patient. Let's
review his meds.
Nurse (F): Okay, Doctor. What does he need?
Doctor: He needs a 150mg dosage of these antiviral pills.
Nurse: Sure. And how often should he get those?
Doctor: They should be taken TID. Preferably ac, before
they bring his food.
Nurse: I understand. Anything else?
Doctor: He can also have two tablets of ibuprofen PRN
for his pain, but not more than 800mg per day.
Nurse: Got it. I'll add it to his chart.

Unit 15
Doctor (F): Well Mr. Larson, you have a cold. it's a fairly
common strain. You should recover in a day or two.
Patient (M): Okay. I hope I don't give it to my granddaughter.
Doctor: lt is a highly contagious illness. Do you live in the
same house?
Patient: Yes. She's visiting for the holidays.
Doctor: Well, make sure to wash your hands regularly.
And use antimicrobial soap.
Patient: I will. Is there anything else I can do?
Doctor: You could wear a facemask for a few days. I'll
give you a few to take home.

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Answer Key

13

Book 2 Answer Key

Unit 1

Unit 2

1 Suggested Answers

1 Suggested Answers

1 Blood donation saves the lives of many people

every day. Hospitals and other medical facilities
are always in need of blood. When patients bleed
heavily as a result of an injury or surgery, they
need transfusions to replenish the lost blood.
2 There are four different blood types: Type A, Type
B, Type AB and Type 0 . Only Type 0 can be
given to people with all different types.

2 F

1 Bones are a fundamental part of the body's makeup.

The skeleton forms the basic shape and structure.
The hard, outer part keeps the body's core and
limbs strong and rigid. The marrow on the inside
produces cells that contribute to healthy immune
function.
2 There are several different types of fracture. Some
of these include compound fractures, impacted
fractures and comminuted fractures.

3 F
F

2 T

3 F

3 1 D

3 E

5 A

2 F

4 c

6 G

2 B

3 A

2
3 1 transfusion
2 Type AB
3 universal donor

4 Type 0
5 compatible

4 Blood Parts: plasma, red blood cell

Blood Groups: Type A, Type B
Stop Blood Loss: platelet, clot

5 Suggested Answer
The wrong blood type can cause the recipient's
blood to clot and might even lead to death.

2 A

7 1 Hold still
2 transfusions
3 anyone might

2 B

2 appears to be
3 the type of

A: We're almost done taking your blood Ms. Yuang.

B: Okay. So, could anyone receive my blood?
A: No. Your blood is Type B, which means that it's
only compatible with other people who have
Types B and AB. We can't give your blood to
someone with Type 0 or A.
B: What happens if someone gets a transfusion with
the wrong type?
A: That can be very dangerous, or even fatal.
B: You must have to be careful about labeling the
blood.
"
A: That's right. We keep careful records so no one
gets the wrong blood type.

9 Suggested Answer
Name: Ms. Yuang
Blood Type: Type B
Eligible Recipients: Patients with Types B and AB
can receive this donor's blood.
Ineligible Recipients: Patients with Types 0 and A
cannot receive this donor's blood.
Answer Key

7 1 tell me what

8 Suggested Answer

14

5 Suggested Answer
A stress fracture is a minor crack that does not
require repositioning of the bone. A displaced bone
must be repositioned, otherwise the bone will be in
the wrong place when it heals.

6
4 Types 0 orB
5 the wrong type
6 very dangerous

7 B

4 stress fracture
5 take a closer look
6 comminuted

8 Suggested Answer
A: What do you see in this x-ray?
B: There appears to be a fracture of the right tibia.
A: That's right. Can you identify the type of fracture?
B: That looks like a standard stress fracture.
A: Are you sure? Maybe you should take a closer look.
B: Is that wrong? it's not compound. The bone isn't
sticking out of the skin.
A: You're right, it's not compound. But can you see
how the bone is slightly displaced?
B: Oh, yes, I see that now. So we'll need to realign
the bone so that the two parts connect in the
right place.

9 Suggested Answer
Location of injury/condition: Right arm
Description of injury/condition: The patient has a
fracture of the right tibia. The bone appears to be
displaced.
Steps needed for treatment: The bone must be realigned to ensure the part s connect in the correct
place.

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Book 2 Answer
Unit 3

2 The nervous system controls all boc , ac: s everything from running to breathing. \ c-n -: :- s
function we would be unable to res oo"~c :o
changes in our environment. A damaged ner. o s
system can lead to permanent paralysis or deam.

1 Suggested Answers

1 The skin is the soft outer covering of the human

body. lt is made of three layers. The outermost
layer of the skin is the epidermis.
2 Some skin conditions that are caused by external
trauma include contusions and abrasions. Acne is
a disease of the skin caused when oil becomes
trapped in pores.

2 D

3 B

2 E

3 c

4 1 A subcutaneous fat
2 A epidermis

2 F

3 T

2 c

3 A

4 1 nervous system
4 A

2 vertebrae
3 nerve

5 D

2 F

3 F

7 1 acne
2 quite common
3 pimples

5 B

4 n'euron
5 network

Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous

system. Everything else is built from them. Neurons
connect to form networks, which process information.
Information travels along nerves and up the spinal
cord to the brain. The brain has billions of neurons
that work together to control the body's systems.

An abrasion is damage to the epidermus, the

outermost layer of the skin.
T

4 D

5 Suggested Answer

B Acne
B dermis

5 Suggested Answer

Key

4 for you to do
5 soap
6 I'll give you

8 Suggested Answer

A: So Sara, what you have here is a common skin

condition called acne.
B: Really? Is it bad?
A: it's not too bad. And it's quite common in teenagers
like you.
B: Can we make it go away?
A: Possibly. There are a number of medicines we can
try. But there are some things you can do as well.
B: Like what?
A: The best thing for you to do is to wash your face
three times a day. Can you do that?
B: Yeah. Should I use special soap?
A: Yes. I'll give you some to take home.
9 Suggested Answer
Patient Name: Sara Andersen
Skin Condition: The patient has acne on her face
and neck.
Treatment Options: I gave her one bottle of soap to
treat acne.
Unit4
1 Suggested Answers

1 The main parts of the nervous system are the brain

the spinal cord and nerves.
'

7 1
2
3
4
5
6

types of signals
chemical or electrical
average brain
that's a tough one
it's actually
information exchange

2 B

8 Suggested Answer

A: What are the signals that synapses send?

B: They send chemical or electrical signals to other
cells.
A: Very good. How many synapses are there in the
body?
B: I would guess about 50 billion.
A: Actually, there are up to 500 trillion of them.
B: Gee! That is a lot of synapses.
9 Suggested Answer
City College of Medicine
Elizabeth Dorset
Nervous System Notes
What are synapses: They are the connections
between nerve cells, or neurons.
Different kinds of synapses: There are two kinds of
synapses. Some emit chemical signals, while others
emit electrical signals.
Synapses in the human brain: There are up to 500
trillion synapses in the human brain.

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Answer Key

15

Book 2 Answer Key

Unit 5
1 Suggested Answers
1

The endocrine system controls special chemicals

that travel throughout the body to regulate certain
functions. These functions include growth, hunger,
thirst, sleep cycles, protein creation, and sexual
functions.
There are many important glands in the endocrine
system. These include the pituitary gland, the adrenal
gland, the thyroid gland and the hypothalamus.

Symptoms: He gained weight rapidly. He sweats too

much and bruises easily. He has also lost some of
his hair.
Condition: Mr. Stone has Cushing's syndrome.
Cause: This disease occurs when the adrenal glands
produce too many hormones. it is a rare, chronic
endocrine system disorder.
Unit 6
1 Suggested Answers

2 c
2

3
3

1 There are a number of different parts to the

A
A

4 1 A endocrine system
2 A thyroid gland
3 A adrenal gland

4 E

reproductive system. Men have testes while

women have ovaries.
2 it is important to practice safe sex for many
reasons. Chief among these are preventing an
unwanted pregnancy and stopping the transmission
of STDs such as HIV. There are several methods
available for birth control such as birth control pills
and condoms.

B melatonin
B pineal body
B pituitary gland

5 Suggested Answer
There are many important glands in the endocrine
system. The pituitary gland in the brain secretes
hormones that control growth and several other
functions. The thyroid gland in the neck controls how
the body uses energy and makes proteins. The pineal
body, in the middle of the brain, produces melatonin.
This chemical helps regulate a person's sleep cycle.

3 T

7 1 are his symptoms

2 extreme fatigue
3 sounds serious

4 guess would be

3 1 B

2 c

A:
B:

9 Suggested Answer
University Medical School
David Rice
Patient: Craig Stone

16

Answer Key

3 F
4 A

5 D
6 E
B gonads
B birth control
B genitalia

The clinic offers a variety of services to promote

reproductive health. They counsel patients on the use
of birth control and how to prevent STDs. They can
help people choose and use different contraceptive
methods. They also present treatment options to
infertile couples.

8 Suggested Answer

B:
A:
B:

3 F

5 Suggested Answer

6 enough hormones

sweats too much and bruises easily.

That sounds serious. Is there anything else?
He has recently lost quite a bit of hair.
That's interesting. Hmm ... based on those symptoms,
my guess wquld be that the patient has Cushing's
syndrome.
Well done! And what is the cause of this disease?
it's an endocrine system disorder. it occurs when
the adrenal glands produce too much hormones.
A tumor in the pituitary gland can cause it.

4 1 A reproductive system
2 A sexually active
3 A condom

5 cause of

A: Let's see if you can identify the patient's condition.

B: Okay, Doctor. What are his symptoms?
A: He has rapidly gained weight in his midsection. He

2 D

7 1 sexually active
2 use contraceptives

3 I try to

4 most of the time

unwanted pregnancy

6 I just forget

8 Suggested Answer

A: I have a few questions before we get started with

your physical exam.
Oh, sure. What do you need to know?
Let's see. First, are you sexually active?
Yes, I am.
And do you use contraceptives?
B: I do sometimes, but often I forget.
A: it's very important for you to use a contraceptive
every time. If you don't, you could end up with an

B:
A:
B:
A:

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Book 2 Answer Key

unwanted pregnancy. And you're putting yourself
at risk for STDs. Do you have birth control pills?
B: Yes.
A: Make sure that you use them regularly. Also, your
partner should always use a condom.
9 Suggested Answer
Southwest Reproductive Health Clinic
Using Contraceptives
Dangers of Not Using Contraceptives: lt is very
important to use contraceptives. Not using
contraceptives could lead to an unwanted pregnancy
or contracting a dangerous STD, such as HIV.
First Steps to Using Contraceptives: Many types
of contraceptives are available. A condom should be
used every time you have intercourse. We provide
free condoms in our clinic.
Unit 7

1 Suggested Answers

B: Kidney stones? What are those?

A: A kidney stone is a collection of minerals in urine.

Many people never notice them.
B: Then why am I hurting so much?
A: Because you r urine has a high content of these
minerals, the stones got too big to pass through
your urethra.
B: So they're getting stuck?
A: That's right. The pain is your body trying to push
the large stone through a space that is too small.
B: No wonder it hurts. What should I do?
A: Drink lots of water, and I'll prescribe something to
ease the pain.

9 Suggested Answer
Patient: Richard Keel.
Condition: Patient has kidney stones causing trouble
passing urine.
Is patient experiencing pain: y_ I N
Treatment: Patient should drink lots of water and use
painkillers if pain is severe.

1 The urinary system is vital to a body's overall health.

lt ensures that waste is removed promptly so only
important materials are retained in the body.
2 There are many parts to the urinary system.
These include the left and right kidneys, the
abdominal aorta and the urinary bladder.
2 Symptoms: Patient experiencing restricted urine flow
and discomfort of bladder for last four days.
Diagnosis: Patient has blocked urethra due to kidney
stones.
Treatment: Recommended increasing fluid intake,
and dietary changes.

3 1 kidney stones

3 urinary system
4 waste

2 bladder

4 1 casts
2 urethra

3 flow
4 urine

5 pass

5 Suggested Answer

Kidney stones can cause pain and poor urine flow

due to blockage of the urethra.

2 F

3 F

7 1 kidney stone
2 so much pain
3 to pass through

Unit 8
1 Suggested Answers

A patient's medical history includes a range of

information, including any complains they have and
any illness they have a history of. A family medical
history also records any conditions in the patient's
family that might affect the patient's health.
2 Doctors use medical histories to gather
information that might be relevant to a patient's
current condition. The general information in the
past medical history helps doctors establish
whether a patient's current condition might be
related to past problems.

2 Past Medical History: Previous medical problems,

especially related to current condition
Social History: Patient's personal habits and lifestyle
Family Medical History: Conditions likely to occur
in a particular family

3 1 c
2 A
4 1
2

4 getting stuck
5 too small
6 hurts so much

3 D

5 E

4 F

6 B

A history of
A past medical history

B current
B social history

5 Suggested Answer

Medical professionals take medical histories to

uncover information that might help with diagnoses.

8 Suggested Answer

A: it looks like you're suffering from kidney stones.

6 1 D

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2 A
Answer Key

17

Book 2 Answer Key

7 1 suffering from

4 ever been treated

5 couldn't find
6 a history of

2 on and off
3 six years ago

2 T

3 T

7 1 feel well

4 blowing my nose
5 muscle aches
6 high fever

2 Have you been

3 hard to breathe

8 Suggested Answer

A: Your form says you're suffering from high blood

8:

A:
8:

A:
8:

A:
B:

pressure.
Yes. I've had this problem on and off for years.
Do you remember when exactly the onset of the
problem was?
I first noticed it about five years ago.
Have you ever been treated for the condition?
Yes, I've received treatment before, but it didn't
help.
Does anyone in your family have a history of
hypertension?
I don't think so.

8 Suggested Answer

A: What's the trouble today?

B: Well, Doctor, I think I have the flu.
A: Have you been coughing?
B: Mostly wheezing. it's hard to breathe.
A: Have you noticed that your nose is runny?
B: Yes. I've been blowing my nose constantly.
A: Do you have muscle aches?
B: Yes. Is it the flu?
A: Let me check your temperature. You do have a
high fever. I think it is the flu. You'll need lots of
rest and something to ease the symptoms.

9 Suggested Answer
Patient: Max Smith
Current condition: High blood pressure
Onset: Started about five years ago
Treated previously? y_ I N
If yes, explain: The patient has been treated, but
treatments did not help condition.

9 Suggested Answer
Symptoms:
fever
x muscle aches
x other; if yes, please describe: The patient is
experiencing a runny nose, coughing, and
wheezing.
Recommendations: The patient should get plenty of
rest and take medication to relieve the symptoms.

Unit9
1 Suggested Answers
1 Doctors can examine patients and perform tests
to make diagnoses, but they also rely on patients'
descriptions to help identify illnesses. Patients
must be able to tell doctors where they feel pain
or what bodily changes they experience. This
gives doctors vital information that might not show
up in an examination or lab test.
2 The flu is characterized by various uncomfortable
symptoms. The patient usually experiences
headaches and muscle aches, as well as general
fatigue. Flu sufferers often have cold-like symptoms,
such as coughing and a runny nose.

3 1 F

2 A

throbs

2 C ...

3 A

3 E
4 B

5 c
6 D

2 flu

3 fever

Unit 10
1 Suggested Answers
1 Giving a physical examination involves checking
the patient's vital signs and that all physical body
parts are properly functioning. Examination
techniques include inspection, and auscultation
and percussion tests. A patient's body language is
also checked.
2 Checking a patient's vital signs. lt involves
recording a patient's temperature, blood pressure,
breathing, and pulse. Doctors check patient's
breathing by using a stethoscope for auscultation.
Pulse is checked by pressing on an artery in the
patient's neck or arm or by using machines.

2
4 symptom

5 Suggested Answer
A patient with cold-like symptoms that are especially
severe is likely to have the flu . A fever is a strong
indication that a patient has the flu.

2 D

Answer Key

3 examination techniques - palpation, auscultation,

percussion
things to check in an exam - pulse, body language,
vital signs

4 1 inspection
2 observation

18

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3 affect
4 evaluate

Book 2 Answer Key

5 Suggested Answer
The first step in conducting a physical exam is
making sure that the patient is comfortable and that
the examination environment is optimal.

2 T

3 F

Administering the wrong test could cause

complications and will likely require further tests.

2 F

3 T

3 1 c
2 F

3 D
4 E

5 B
6 A

7 1 arms at your sides

4 1 renal
2 biopsy
3 blood pressure

2 auscultation and percussion

3 swollen
4 next, I'm going to

4 kidney
5 pathology report
6 GFR test

5 Suggested Answer

8 Suggested Answer
A: Okay Dan. I'm going to ask that to sit up. I have
to do an inspection of your lungs.
B: All right. Like this?
A: Yep. Just put your arms at your sides and relax.
B: Do you think something is wrong with my lung?
A: No. I just want to do some auscultation and tests
to make sure. Take a deep breath.
B: (inhales)
A: I'm just trying to evaluate the quality of your
respiration. Exhale.
B: (exhales)
A: Okay, next I'm going to tap your stomach.
B: Why do you do that?
A: it's a test to detect stomach problems. it's called
percussion.

9 Suggested Answer
Patient: Dan Phillips
Physician: Dr. Carl Wayans
Date: June 12
Physical Examination
Auscultation: Auscultation of lungs found respiration
normal.
Percussion: Percussion tests detected possible
excess abdominal fluid.
Body Language: Patient's body language showed
signs of pain.

All of the patient's test results point to serious kidney

disease. His blood pressure is too high. There are very
high levels of albumin and creatinine in the patient's
urine and blood, respectively.

7 1 test results back

2 results are serious
3 kidney disease

4 not severe
5 BUN test
6 dangerous combination

8 Suggested Answer

A: Hello, Mr. Reed. I have your test results back.

B: How do they look?
A: Well, the results are serious. First, according to the
GFR test, your GFR level is 38.
B: So is that too low?
A: Yes. lt indicates a moderate case of kidney disease.
B: Well, at least it's not severe I suppose.
A: No, but it could become serious. Also your BUN
level is rather high. That could be a dangerous
combination with a low GFR rating.
B: I see. So what do we do?
A: We need to perform a renal biopsy as soon as
possible.
9 Suggested Answer
Heartland Hospital
Lab Test Results
Patient: Clark Reed

Unit 11
Suggested Answers
1 There are many kinds of diagnostic tests such as
a simple blood pressure check. Others require
taking samples and processing them in the lab.
These include a urinalysis for urine and BUN test
for blood. More serious tests, like biopsies, can
even involve surgical procedures.
2 Performing the right test on a patient is essential to
determine the patient's problem or condition. Some
tests may be very expensive or risky, so it is very
important to know exactly what the patient needs.

GFR test: Mr. Reed GFR level is 38. This is seriously

low.
BUN test: The BUN test showed an abnormally high
BUN level.
Diagnosis: The combination of a low GFR rating and
high BUN level indicated that Mr. Reed has a
moderate case of kidney disease. The disease is in
danger of rapidly becoming worse.
Further Testing: A renal biopsy needs to be performed
as soon as possible.

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Answer Key

19

Book 2 Answer Key

Unit 12

B: I see. Anything else?

A: Yes. Then a computer combines the X-rays into
a three-dimensional image, and we work with the
image to see many different things.

1 Suggested Answers
1 There are many types of medical imaging. X-rays
use small amounts of radiation to take pictures of
the inside of the body. A doctor may use an
endoscope - a tubular instrument with a camera on
the end of it - to look inside the body. Other types
include ultrasound imaging and MRI and CT scans.
2 Health professionals must know exactly what kind
of medical imaging the patient and situation need.
Using the wrong kind of imaging may miss the
problem or lead to an incorrect diagnosis. In
addition, some medical imaging techniques, such
as an MRI, can be very expensive.

2 B

3 c

2 A

3 D

4 1 ECG

9 Suggested Answer
Community Health Clinic
CT Scan Information
When it is needed: Sometimes a basic X-ray does
not tell us exactly what we need to know. In those
cases, a CT scan may be called for.
How it works: A CT scan takes many different two
dimensional X-rays. A computer can then combine
the X-rays into one three-dimensional image.
Unit 13

4 E

5 c

1 Suggested Answers
1 In my country, most family medicine practitioners
work in clinics, though some may also work in
hospitals. They serve as primary care practitioners
for many different kinds of patients, regardless of
their age, gender, or medical condition. They are
the first doctor a patient will see if they have a non
emergency medical problem.
2 Family practitioners treat patients' injuries and
illnesses through curative medicine. They also
practice preventative medicine through health
education and promotion of good health habits. If
needed, many family practitioners can provide
urgent care services to patients requiring immediate
attention.

4 X-ray
5 medical imaging

2 gel
3 feed

5 Suggested Answer

The clinic offers several imaging services. X-rays and

CT scans use radiography to take pictures, while
ultrasounds use the reflection of sound waves. Tiny
cameras at the end of endoscopes allow doctors to
view inside the body during exams or surgery. An MRI
uses magnetic properties of atoms to create very
detailed pictures.

2 T

3 F

7 1 taking an X-ray
2 that doesn't work
3 Have you ever had
4 Could you explain

2 c

3 A

2 c

3 A

5 radiography

special practitioner
2 advise

4 E

5 B

3 refer
4 counsel

6 three-dimensional image
5 Suggested Answer
8 Suggested Answer

A: Suzanne, Wffre going to start off by taking an Xray of your brain. That might show the cause of
your headaches.
B: Okay, doctor. What if that doesn't work?
A: We might need to do a CT scan. Have you had
one before?
B: No, I haven't. Could you explain it to me?
A: Sure. it's a type of radiography, but using many
different X-rays.

20

Answer Key

Family practitioners treat patients' injuries and

illnesses through curative medicine. They also
practice preventative medicine through health
education and promotion of good health habits. They
may also need to refer a patient to another doctor
to address their specific medical needs. If needed,
many family practitioners can provide urgent care
services to patients requiring immediate attention.

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2 T

3 T

Boo
4 refer you to
5 make an appointment
6 as soon as

7 1 You'll want to
2 If it still hurts
3 physical therapy

A: Hi, Sam. How mar, c.::::---=-

this morning?
B: Hello, Doctor. We ha e :- - ~::
..I:
so far.
A: Okay. When is the first one':'
B: The first appointment is at n1ne-:--:- is coming in for her asthma treare-:::
A: Good. When is the next one?
B: Then you have an infant at ten. She s :-: -signs of jaundice.
A: Oh that's right. I'll have to get the bili hg : e3.:
Can we push the appointment back to ten-;- "":'1 -

A: Here's what you have to do. For a couple of days,

place a ice pack on it for ten to twenty minutes
every hour.
B: I can do that. What else? Should I see an eye
doctor?
A: Yes. I'm going to refer you to Dr. McDonald. She'll
make sure you don't have any long-term eye
problems.

I
1

8: Sure. !'!! give the mother a ea!! now.

A: Great. Thanks, Sam

8: 'vVhen should I make an appointment with he;?

A: Anytime that fits in your schedules is fine.

B: Not a problem, Doctor.

B: Sounds great. Thank you very much, Doctor.

9 Suggested Answer

9 Suggested Answer

Doctor Harding,

Family Health Clinic

Home Care Instructions

This morning's schedule of appointments is as follows.

Patient: Brian Jordan

Time

Home Care: Put an ice pack on the injury for ten to

twenty minutes every hour.
Specialist Referral: Make an appointment with Dr.
McDonald whenever suits you.

9:30
10:00

1 Suggested Answers
1 Pediatrics is medical care for children. This includes

Gina Simms
Carol Oates

Age
Teenager
Infant

Condition
Asthma
Jaundice

1 Suggested Answers
1 There are many diseases that are more likely to
affect older patients. This is because of their
advanced age and weakened immune system.
Seniors are at increased risk for a stroke and
hearing loss. Seniors who cannot move much or
are not taken care of may develop bed sores.
2 Senior citizens often require specialized care.
They may need to take several medications at
once and need help understanding when and how
much of these drugs to take in order to avoid
polypharmacy. Seriously ill seniors may need to
be temporarily or permanently placed in a nursing
home.

care for newborn infants, young children, and

teenagers.
2 Some illnesses are commonly found in infants and
young children. These include jaundice, asthma,
and obesity.

Patient

Unit 15

Unit 14

8 Suggested Answe r

8 Suggested Answer

2 F

3 F

3 Age Categories - infant, newborn, teenager

Health Problems - asthma, jaundice, obesity
4 1 A bilirubin
2 A check ups

B Juvenile
B pediatrics

5 Suggested Answer
Childhood obesity is an illness wherein a child
develops an unhealthy amount of excess body fat.
Treatment of obesity includes diet programs.
6 1 B
2 A
7 1 appointments
2 so far
3 coming in

2 T

3 F

3 1 c
2 D

3 F
4 B

5 A

6 E

4 1 drug interaction
2 Alzheimer's disease
3 assisted living

4 elderly
5 dizziness
6 hearing loss

4 jaundice
5 billi light

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Answe r Key

21

Book 2 Answer Key

5 Suggested Answer
Elderly patients often require very specialized care.
They can develop serious diseases not usually seen
in other age groups, such as Alzheimer's. They must
often take several medications. They may need help
understanding how to take these drugs to avoid
dangerous interactions. Seniors who require help may
be placed in assisted living or a nursing home,
depending on the seriousness of their condition.

2 D

7 1 read the label

2 What medication
3 heart rhythm

4 That could cause

5 I'll make sure
6 standard care

8 Suggested Answer

A: Ms. Johnson has recently started a new medication.

B:

A:

B:

A:
B:

You might have to read the label and make sure

she understands it.
What medication is she taking?
She's on blood pressure medicine right now. While
she's taking that, she can't have her other meds.
it could cause a dangerous interaction.
Okay, I'll make sure she knows to stay off the
other drugs.
Good. The rest of the patients require standard
care.
That sounds fine. I'm ready to start rounds.

9 Suggested Answer
Assisted Living Center
Nurse: James Cobb
Wing: 2 East
Patient: Clare Johnson
Special Care Required: Ms. Johnson is taking
medication for blood pressure. I must make sure she
doesn't take her other meds.
Patient: Beth Clark
Special Care Required: Ms. Clark has started taking
Cordarone for an abnormal heart rhythm. I need to
make sure she kilows when and how to take it. I also
need to make sure she is not taking Zocor. Taking
both could cause a dangerous interaction.

22

Answer Key

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Aud ioscr'p s

---=

Unit 1
Nurse (F): Okay, Mr. Lewis, we're almost done taking your
blood. Hold still for a little longer.
Donor (M): Sure. So, where will my blood go?
Nurse: Our facility provides blood to local hospitals and
surgical centers for transfusions.
Donor: I see. So anyone might receive my blood.
Nurse: Not quite. Your blood is Type A, which means that
it's only compatible with other people who have Types
A and AB. We can't give your blood to someone with
Type 0 or B.
Donor: Really? What happens if someone gets a
transfusion with the wrong type?
Nurse: That can be very dangerous, or even fatal.
Donor: Wow. So you have to be pretty careful about
labeling, don't you?
Nurse: That's right. We keep very careful records here to
make sure no one gets the wrong blood type.

Unit 2
Doctor (F): So, Roger, tell me what you see in this x-ray.
Student (M): Hmm, let's see. Well, there appears to be a
fracture of the left tibia.
Doctor: That's right. Can you identify the type of fracture?
Student: it doesn't look too serious. I'd say that's a pretty
standard stress fracture.
Doctor: Are you sure? Maybe you should take a closer
look.
Student: Is that wrong? it's not comminuted, is it? I don't
see multiple bone fragments.
Doctor: No, it's not comminuted. You're right about that.
Student: Then I don't know. What am I missing?
Doctor: Can you see how the bone is slightly displaced?
Student: Where? Oh, I see that now. Of course!
Doctor: So what do we have to do before the bone
starts healing?
Student: We'll need to realign the bone so that the two
parts connect in the right place.

Unit 3
Doctor (F): So James, it looks like you've developed
acne. Have you heard of it before?
Patient (M): Yeah, but I don't know much about it. Is it bad?
Doctor: it's not too bad. it's actually quite common in
teenagers.
Patient: What causes it?
Doctor: Oils that become trapped in the skin's pores
cause it. This is why the pimples form.
Patient: Can we make it go away?
Doctor: The best thing for you to do is to wash your face
twice a day. Can you do that?
Patient: Yeah. Should I use special soap?

Doctor: Yes. I'll give you some o :a.-::

Patient: Is that all?
Doctor: Well, we can start with some : ~ .:_ - s-::: _
that doesn't work I'll give you a presc ;:.: c- !::: :--::
pills.

Unit4
Professor (M): Class, let's see if you've been s uc ~
the nervous system. Elizabeth, would you ansv e a
few questions for me?
Student (F): Certainly, Professor.
Professor: First, what are the connections between
neurons called?
Student: Those are synapses, Professor. They enable the
transfer of information.
Professor: Very good. And what types of signals do
synapses send?
Student: They send chemical or electrical signals to
another cell.
Professor: Right again. So tell me, about how many
synapses are there in the average brain?
Student: Hmm ... that's a tough one. I would guess about
100 billion.
Professor: Not quite. it's actually many times that- 100
to 500 trillion.
Student: Wow, that's a lot of synapses.
Professor: Indeed. All that information exchange is what
makes the brain so powerful.

Unit 5
Doctor (F): David, let's see if you can identify Mr. Stone's
condition.
Student (M): Okay, Doctor. What are his symptoms?
Doctor: He has extreme fatigue and feels light-headed.
He has lost weight and suffers from diarrhea and
nausea.
Student: That sounds serious. Is there anything else?
Doctor: He's lately had a strong craving for salty foods.
Student: That's interesting. Hmm ... based on those
symptoms, my guess would be that Mr. Stone has
Addison's disease.
Doctor: Well done. And what is the cause of this disease?
Student: it's a rare endocrine system disorder. it occurs
when the adrenal glands don't produce enough
hormones.
Doctor: Very good. How is this disease treated?
Student: Since it's a chronic disease, treatment will be
lifelong. it involves regular steroid replacement therapy.
Doctor: Right again. You're doing well, David. Let's move
on to the next case.

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Answer Key

23

Audioscripts
Unit6

Patient: Let's see. I think I first noticed it about six years ago.

Doctor (M): Okay, Ms. Ryan. I have a few questions

before we get started with your physical exam.
Patient (F): Oh, sure. What do you need to know?
Doctor: Let's see. First, are you sexually active?
Patient: Yes, I am.
Doctor: And do you use contraceptives?
Patient: Um, well I try to.
Doctor: Try to?
Patient: Well, I use them most of the time.
Doctor: Ms. Ryan, it's very important for you to use a
contraceptive every time. If you don't, you could end
up with an unwanted pregnancy. And you're putting
yourself at risk for STDs.
Patient: I know. I guess sometimes I just forget.
Doctor: I see. So you forget your birth control pill, or you
forget to use a condom?
Patient: Condoms. I don't take birth control pills.
Doctor: Well, you should use one every time you have
intercourse. But I'm going to recommend another
form of birth control, too.

Nurse: Have you ever been treated for the condition?

Unit 7
Doctor (F): Well, James, lt looks like you're suffering from
kidney stones.
Patient (M): Kidney stones? What are those?
Doctor: A kidney stone is a small collection of minerals
that forms in urine. Many people get them and never
even notice.
Patient: Then why am I in so much pain?
Doctor: Well, here's what happened. Since your urine has
such a high content of these minerals, the stones got
too big to pass through your urethra.
Patient: Oh, I see. So they're getting stuck?
Doctor: That's right. The pain you feel is your body trying
to push the large stone through a space that is too
small.
Patient: No wonder it hurts so much. What should I do?
Doctor: Drink !ots of water. I know it hurts, but we need
to get your body to expel those stones. And I'll
prescribe something to help ease the pain.

UnitS

"'

Nurse (M): The doctor will be in shortly, Ms. Granger.

While you're waiting, I have a few questions about
your past medical history.
Patient (F): Of course. What do you need to know?
Nurse: You wrote on the form that you're suffering from
chest pain.
Patient: Yes. I've had this problem on and off for years.
Nurse: Do you remember when exactly the onset of the
problem was?

24

Answer Key

Patient: No. I did see a doctor once about it, but he

couldn't find the cause.
Nurse: Does anyone in your family have a history of heart
problems?
Patient: No, not that I know of. Do you think that could
be the problem?
Nurse: We don't know anything yet. We just want to get
as much information as we can so the doctor can
make an informed diagnosis.

Unit9
Doctor (M): What's the trouble today?
Patient (F): Well, Doctor, I don't feel well at all. I'm sure I
have the flu.
Doctor: I'm sorry to hear that. Have you been coughing?
Patient: A little. But mostly I'm wheezing. It's hard to breathe.
Doctor: And have you noticed that your nose is runny?
Patient: Oh, yes. I've been blowing my nose constantly.
Doctor: Okay. Do you have pain throughout your body?
Patient: I do have muscle aches. And I'm so tired that I
can hardly do anything. Do you think it's the flu, Doctor?
Doctor: Well, you have a pretty high fever. lt looks like
you're right about the flu. You'll need plenty of rest,
and I'll prescribe something to ease the symptoms.

Unit 10
Doctor (M): Okay Sheryl, I'm going to ask that you lie
down on the table. I have to do an inspection of your
abdomen.
Patient (F): All right. Like this?
Doctor: Yes. Just put your arms at your sides and relax.
Patient: Do you think something is wrong with my stomach?
Doctor: No. I just want to do some auscultation and
percussion tests to make sure. Take a deep breath.
Patient: (inhales)
Doctor: I'm just checking that nothing feels swollen. Exhale.
Patient: (exhales)
Doctor: Okay, next I'm going to tap right here on your
stomach.
Patient: Why do you do that?
Doctor: This is a test to detect excess abdominal fluid.
Patient: Is there any?
Doctor: Nope. lt all looks normal.

Unit 11
Nurse (F): Hello, Mr. Reed. I have your kidney test results
back.
Patient (M): How do they look?
Nurse: Unfortunately, the results are serious. First,
according to the GFR test, your GFR level is 40.

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Audioscripts
Patient: So is that too low?
Nurse: Yes, it indicates a moderate case of kidney
disease.
Patient: Well, at least it's not severe I suppose.
Nurse: No, but it could be headed that way. Also,
according to the BUN test, your BUN level is rather
high. That could be a dangerous combination with a
low GFR rating.
Patient: I see. So what do we do?
Nurse: We need to perform a renal biopsy as soon as
possible.
Patient: Okay. When should I come in for that?
Nurse: Dr. Roth has cleared some time for you two days
from now.
Patient: That's fine. Thanks for all your help.
Unit 12
Doctor (M): Suzanne, we're going to start off by taking
an X-ray of your brain. Maybe that will show the
cause of your headaches.
Patient (F): Okay, Doctor. What if that doesn't work?
Doctor: Then we might need to do a CT scan. Have you
ever had one of those before?
Patient: No, I haven't. Could you explain it to me?
Doctor: Sure. it's a type of radiography, but we take
many different X-rays.
Patient: I see. Is that it?
Doctor: No. Then a computer combines the X-rays into
a three-dimensional image. We can work with the
image to see many different things.
Patient: That sounds really powerful.
Doctor: lt is. lt's expensive, though, so we'll start with the
X-ray and see what that tells us.
Patient: How long will it take to get the X-ray?
Doctor: Radiology should have it for us in about an hour.
Patient: Okay. Thank you, Doctor.
Unit 13
Doctor (F): Okay, Brian, you're all set to go home now.
Patient (M): Thanks for taking care of me, Doctor.
Doctor: No problem. But before you go, I need to tell you
how to take care of that broken arm.
Patient: Okay. I hope it's not too hard.
Doctor: Not really. Here's what you have to do. You'll want
to elevate the arm to ease the swelling and pain.
Patient: I can do that. What else?
Doctor: If it still hurts, you can put an ice pack on it for
a few minutes at a time. Put a towel in between the
pack and your cast.
Patient: That's easy enough. Will I need physical therapy?
Doctor: Yes. I'm going to refer you to Dr. Rossman. He
specializes in therapy after broken bones.
Patient: When should I make an appointment with him?

Doctor: You can start working with him as soon as your

cast comes off.
Patient: Sounds great. Thank you very much, Doctor.
Unit 14
Doctor (M): Hi, Beth. How many appointments do we
have for this morning?
Receptionist (F): Hello Doctor. We have three appointments
set up so far.
Doctor: Great. When is the first ana?
Receptionist: The first appointment is at eight. Michael
Taylor is coming in for his asthma treatments.
Doctor: Good. When is the next one?
Receptionist: Then you r1ave a three-day-old infant at
nine. She is still showing signs of jaundice.
Doctor: Oh that's right. I'll have to get the bili light ready.
Is there another appointment after her?
Receptionist: Yes. You have a teenager with obesity. He
is coming in for a check up, but not until eleven.
Doctor: Okay. Can we push the nine o'clock back to
nine-thirty.
Receptionist: Sure. I'll give the mother a call now.
Doctor: Great. And let me know if you set up anything
else.
Receptionist: I will Doctor.
Doctor: Thanks Beth.
Unit 15
Nurse 1 (M): Sherri, let's talk about a couple of the
patients in this wing before we start rounds.
Nurse 2 (F): Sure. What do I need to know?
Nurse 1: First, Mr. Bowman hasn't been too mobile
recently. You might have to help him around a bit.
Nurse 2: Okay, that's no problem.
Nurse 1: Also do a quick check for bed sores.
Nurse 2: Sure thing. Who's next?
Nurse 1: Ms. Clark has recently started a new medication.
You might have to read the label and make sure she
understands it.
Nurse 2: What medication is she taking?
Nurse 1: She's on Cordarone for an irregular heart rhythm.
While she's taking that, she can't have any Zocor for
her cholesterol. That could cause a dangerous
interaction.
Nurse 2: Okay, I'll make sure she knows to stay off the
Zocor.
Nurse 1: Good. The rest of the patients require standard
care.
Nurse 2: That sounds fine. Let's get started.

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Answer Key

25

Book 3

Answer Key

Unit 1

A: So you don't have a lot of experience in actual

1 Suggested Answers
1 Medical students learn a subject that is vital to the
well being of their communities. As future doctors,
they must be prepared to protect the health of
others. Medicine is a complicated subject, so
doctors must have a solid knowledge of how the
body works in order to treat a wide variety of
medical conditions.
2 In my country, a medical student must first complete
a four-year bachelor's degree, before going to
medical school. Most students earn a medical
degree after another four years and then undergo
a residency to get advanced training in a
particular field. Finally, he or she must pass a
Medical Licensing Examination to become a
licensed doctor.

practice.
8: The program at Jackson gave me lots of realworld experience.
9 Suggested Answer
Applicant's education: The applicant graduated at
the top of his class at Wayne Michaels Medical
School.
Applicant's experience: The applicant completed a
residency at Jackson Hospital and has been in
practice for ten months.
I plan to hire the applicant because he has an
excellent educational background, even though his
experience is limited.

Unit 2
2 Before Medical School: premedical studies, entrance
examination
After Medical School: residency, fellowship, foundation
program
Licensing: test, fee, background check

3 1 8
2 A

3 E

5 F
6 D

4 1 A undergraduate
2 A bachelor's degree

8 fellowship
8 medical degree

5 Suggested Answer
A residency gives a new doctor the opportunity to
receive specialized training in a hospital alongside
experienced doctors.

2 T

2 wel! qualified
3 it says here
4 top of my class

5 best and brightest

6 orthopedic surgery
7 past eight months

8 Suggested Answer

A: lt says here you attended Wayne Michaels

Medical School.
8: That's right. I graduated at the top of my class.
A: That's excellent. What about your residency?
8: I completed my neurology residency at Jackson
Hospital.
A: That's what we're looking for. How long have you
been licensed?
8: I passed the medical exam last year, and I've
been practicing for the past ten months.

26

Answer Key

1 Patient health relies on good communication

between medical professionals. A patient who
stays in a hospital is likely to be under the care
of several doctors and nurses. Good communication
keeps the patient safe and healthy.
2 Doctors must leave accurate records to ensure
good communication. If the patient is undergoing
treatment, their medical record should include a
schedule of treatments or medications in
chronological order. All notes and instructions must
be concise and legible to avoid confusion.

2 1 F

2 T

3 F

3 1 A

3 8
4 H

5 D
6 E

3 F

7 1 let's talk about

1 Suggested Answers

4 1 chronological order

7 F
8 G

3 legible

2 shift change

5 Suggested Answer
Poor communication can lead to errors in patient
care. A patient might receive the wrong medication,
or receive too much or too little of it.

6 1 8
7 1
2
3
4

2 D

due for his

medical record
can't read
he's had any

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5 can't be right
6 chronological order
7 a mess

Book 3
8 Suggested Answer

A:
B:
A:
B:

A:
B:

A:
B:
A:

Is this patient due for his medication?

What does his medical record say?
I can't read these notes.
Let me see ... This doesn't make any sense. I think
he's supposed to get his meds every day at
eleven AM, but it doesn't look like he's had any
dosages for the last few days.
That can't be right.
Wait, I think I see what happened. These notes
aren't in chronological order. Who was on duty this
morning?
I'll check the shift board ... AI was here this morning.
We'd better call him.
That's a good idea. We certainly don't want to give
the patient the wrong dosage.

9 Suggested Answer

To: Hospital Director

We had a problem with a patient's medical records
today. The notes about the patient's medication were
not in chronological order. We were not able to figure
out if he had received his medication today, so we
contacted the nurse on duty this morning and got the
necessary information.

Unit3
1 Suggested Answers

1 There are many possible causes of patient

miscommunication. These include poor health
literacy, anxiety and cultural differences.
2 There are several easy ways to improve
communication with patients. Above all, it is vital
to establish a friendly rapport with the patient.
Show empathy to your patients and demonstrate
that you care about them and their problems.
B

2 A

3 D

3 1 E

3 c
4 A

5 B
6 D

2 F

4 1 A jargon
2 A miscommunication
3 A cultural differences

B empathy
B health literacy
B preconceptions

it is important for medical professionals to help

patients relax because if a patient feels comfortable,
he or she is more likely to share more information
with the professional.

2 T

3 F

7 1 just be anxious
2 pretty nervous
3 lots of jargon

4 nausea and anxiety

5 not mean much
6 make sure to

8 Suggested Answer

B: I can't tell. He's barely speaking to me.

A: Does he have a cultural background that might
make him nervous in a hospital?
B: That could be. I'll try to be more sensitive about
his beliefs.
A: Also, did you use lots of jargon? In my experience,
that makes things worse.
B: I might have. I noted that his blood pressure was
high, so I asked him if he had a history of
hypertension.
A: See, that term may not mean much to him. Just
say high blood pressure instead.
B: Good point.
A: Also, make sure to establish a rapport. Even just
by asking about his day.
B: That's a good idea. Maybe it will make him feel
more comfortable.
9 Suggested Answer
Heartland Hospital
Patient Communication Guidelines
Reducing anxiety: Many patients come to the
hospital feeling very nervous. This is natural. lt can
be very scary to feel sick and not understand why.
Consider this as you talk with the patient.
Avoiding jargon: Medicine is full of technical
vocabulary. lt can be easy to forget that many people
do not know what terms mean. Explain complex
concepts in simple ways that anyone can understand.
Building a rapport: Some patients want to immediately
discuss their problems with you. But many others may
want to chat for a bit. Engage them in friendly
conversation. This will make them feel more
comfortable.

Unit4

5 Suggested Answer

6 1 F

Answer Key

1 Suggested Answers

1 Hospitals suffer from economic downturns just like

any other business. The effects can be particularly
severe since people's lives often depend on a
hospital's care.
2 In difficult economic times doctors have to take
on larger caseloads and paperwork. This can lead
to exhaustion. They might also find it hard to pay
back any loans they have.
2 1 D

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2 A

3 A
Answer Key

27

Book 3
3 1 malpractice

Answer Key
2 1 F

3 budget

2 paperwork

2 T

3 F

4 debt

3 1 intermittent
4 1 A shortage

B caseload
B loan
B shift

2 A demand
3 A exhaustion

5 Suggested Answer
A hospital might need new doctors, but might not be
able to hire them because it doesn't have enough
money in the budget.

6 1 F

2 T

2 way behind
3 my day off

4 1
2
3
4

A
A
A
A

distress
mild
burning
moderate

B
B
B
B

intensity
excruciating
sharp
throbbing

5 Suggested Answer

6 1 B

2 D

6 take a vacation

7 1 of the pain
A: What are you doing here? I thought your shift
ended already.
B: I have to finish this paperwork. I'm way behind.
A: I came in on my day off last week to finish mine.
I asked the director for another doctor, but she
said there's not enough money in the budget.
B: The whole situation is terrible. I want to take a
vacation, but I need the money to pay off my
student loans.
9 Suggested Answer

I worked an extra six hours this week to complete

paperwork for patient files. Because of increases in
my caseload, I was not able to complete this
paperwork during my normal shift, so I stayed late
and came in on my day off to complete it.

Unit 5
1 Suggested Answers

2 at worst
3 cut back

4 cause

5 throbbing
6 goes through

8 Suggested Answer

B: No, I'm having neck problems now. The pain is

constant.
A: On a scale of one to ten, how would you rate the
intensity of the pain right now?
B: Right now, it's mild. Like a two.
A: And how does it feel at worst?
B: At worst it's unbearable. Especially while I'm at
work. I'm a truck driver.
A: I see. Perhaps that's contributing to your neck
pain. Now, can you describe how it feels? Does it
burn or throb?
B: Mostly the pain is burning. Occasionally I get a
sharp pain at the base of my neck.
A: Does it shoot down your spine?
B: Sometimes. Not usually.
9 Suggested Answer

1 A pain that is not strong might described as mild

or moderate. A very strong pain might be
described as being excruciating or burning. This
type of pain is frequently a constant or sharp pain.
2 Understanding how much pain a patient is feeling
can help doctors make the right diagnosis as well
as improve the patient's condition. For example,
whether a pain is constant or intermittent can
suggest different ailments. And if a patient is
experiencing more than mild distress, a doctor will
know to provide medication or treatment to lessen
the pain as soon as possible.

Answer Key

4 constant

4 good for us

5 hospital budget

8 Suggested Answer

28

3 unbearable

If a patient's pain comes and goes, they can describe

it as intermittent. If a patient always feels pain, it is
constant.

3 F

7 1 an hour ago

2 shooting

Patient Assessment Form

Patient Name: Sam Rodriguez

Age:30
Location of pain: The patient says that he gets neck
pain.
Intensity of the pain: The patient says that his pain
is mild at best, and unbearable at worst. He feels it
the most when he's at work.
Patient's description of the pain: The patient says
that his neck pain is constant. He typically gets it
while working. He says the pain is burning and he
occasionally gets a sharp pain at the base of his
neck.

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Book 3
Unit 6

Acute Conditions: Mr. Anderson has pneumonia.

Mr. Anderson did not seek treatment for several days.
In that time, his infection has gotten worse.
Chronic Conditions: Mr. Anderson may or may not
develop chronic pneumonia. We are starting him on
antibiotics immediately to avoid a chronic condition.

1 Suggested Answers
1 There are many kind of chronic and acute illnesses.
Pneumonia, a dangerous lung condition, is an acute
illness. Chronic bronchitis is a common chronic
illness.
2 Even a disease that does not seem serious can
eventually cause complications. For this reason it is
important to always have a disease evaluated by a
health professional.

3 1 rc
2 D

2 A

4 F

4 intervention
5 acute

2 conditions

B:

A:

3 B

Effective diabetes management is critical to maintaining

long-term health in a diabetic patient. Lifestyle changes
such as increasing exercise or reducing fat and alcohol
consumption are often a part of this. Also, many
diabetic patients take insulin medication to regulate
their blood sugar levels.

A: You've come down with a bad case of pneumonia.

B:
A:

5 Suggested Answer

3 T

8 Suggested Answer

B:

3 F
5 E
2 A
4 c
6 B
4 1 type 1 diabetes
4 type 2 diabetes
2 gum
5 BMI
3 blindness
6 gestational diabetes

7 1 Do you know what 5 caused by the strep virus

2 have no idea
6 knock out
7 life complications
3 Can we treat
4 quite some time

A:

3 1 D

Chronic conditions that are left untreated can develop

into serious medical problems. They will likely not go
away on their own but rather will grow worse over
time. They may also trigger the onset of a dangerous
acute condition.

2 F

1 There are three types of diabetes. There are type

1 and type 2 and gestational diabetes. All types
of the condition reduce the body's ability to
regulate its amount of blood sugar.
2 There are many risk factors associated with diabetes.
These include blindness through cataracts, gum
disease and amputations.

5 Suggested Answer

1 Suggested Answers

5 /"'\A
6 c

3 chronic

Unit 7

3 D

4 1 pre-existing

Answer Key

Do you know what that is?

Yes.
Okay. I'll start you on some antibiotics immediately.
But this could have been avoided.
Really? How so?
Well, you've been sick for quite some time, haven't
you?
Yeah, but I figured it was just a cold.
Definitely not. Normally, we can knock out cases of
pneumonia pretty quickly. But untreated, the
infection gets worse. Now we have to get rid of that
infection before it becomes a lifelong condition.

9 Suggested Answer
Patient Record
Patient: Jack Anderson
Symptoms: Mr. Anderson has several symptoms similar
to a cold.

2 T

3 T

7 1 insulin shots
2 We'll start with
3 sugar-free candy

4 meal plan
5 Will I have to
6 Not necessarily

8 Suggested Answer

A: Hmm. To be honest you have a pretty high BMI.

That's a big risk factor for developing diabetes.
B: I see. Will I need to really restrict my diet then?
A: Not necessarily. We'll start with a lifestyle plan that
includes normal healthy eating guidelines.
B: So I'll have to give up chocolate, pasta, and all
sorts of stuff?
A: Actually, no. You will probably have to eat less
than you do now. But small amounts can still be
okay.
B: That's good. Will I have to lose a lot of weight?
A: Not a lot.

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Answer Key

29

Book 3

Answer Key

9 Suggested Answer

B: I don't know how I feel about that. Are there side

effects?
A: There can be. You'll likely fee_l fatigued and there
will be some skin irritation in the areas that we
focus the X-rays.
B: I see. Is there another option available?
A: We may be able to try immunotherapy.
B: I've never heard of that.
A: We make some antibodies in the lab. Then we
introduce them into your body to strengthen your
immune system. They target the cancer cells and
kill them.
B: That sounds interesting. What would you
recommend?
A: We could try both. lt would limit the amount of
radiation you're exposed to.

Family Health Clinic

Diabetes Treatment Plan
Risk Factors: There are many risk factors for
diabetes. Some, like genetics and race, are beyond
the patient's control. Others, like a diet high in fat or
alcohol, can and should be managed both before and
after diagnosis.
Diet: Contrary to popular belief, diabetic patients are
not limited to a very strict diet. They should control the
amount of sweets, starch, fats, and other foods they
eat. This is the same that would be recommended for
any healthy diet.
Exercise: Again, diabetic patients are not required to
follow very strict rules about exercise. They should
exercise regularly just as any healthy person. Proper
lifestyle management can reduce or eliminate the
need for regular insulin injections.

9 Suggested Answer
Family Health Clinic
Cancer Treatment Options

UnitS

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is a very common

cancer treatment. lt uses regular doses of strong
drugs to kill cancer cells. These drugs can be taken
orally, but are usually given through an IV injection.
Side Effects: Because chemotherapy drugs are so
strong, there are some potentially serious side
effects. Most patients will feel nauseous and lose
most of their hair. Specific organs such as the liver
or heart can also be damaged.
Photodynamic therapy: Photodynamic therapy is a
relatively new form of cancer treatment. The patient
is given a cancer-killing drug that is sensitive to light
and absorbed by the tumor. Then light beams are
focused on the tumor, activating the drug and killing
cancer cells.

1 Suggested Answers
1 The most common type of cancer is prostate
cancer. However, by far the deadliest form of
cancer in my country is lung cancer. Another very
common form of cancer is breast cancer in women.
2 There are several forms of treatment available to
cancer patients today. These include radiation
therapy, photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy.

2 F

3 T

2 E

3 D

4 1 photodynamic therapy
2 cancer

4 A

5 B

3 oncologist
4 outpatient

Unit 9

5 Suggested Answer
Patients are given a light sensitive drug that contains
cancer destroying substances. Light beams then
activate the drug.

7 1
2
3
4

all ears
regular doses
side effects
feel nauseous

1 Suggested Answers
1 There are several kinds of heart disease. In my
country, heart disease is the leading cause of
death. Two common forms are coronary artery
disease and atherosclerosis.
2 There are many simple steps that everyone can
follow to lower their risk of getting heart disease.
Smokers should seriously consider quitting. Getting
regular exercise, eating a healthy diet and reducing
stress will also help.

2 D
5 another option
6 photodynamic therapy
7 a light beam

8 Suggested Answer
B: I'm all ears.

A: First, there's radiation therapy. We use powerful

2 T

3 F

2 A

3 B

X-rays to kill the cancer cells.

30

Answer Key

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4 c

5 D

Book 3
4 1 harden

2 Smoking
3 bypass

4 stent
5 cholesterol

3 just from my
4 warning signs

L.-

1 An emergency room must be prepared to see all

kinds of patients. The worst patients are with
trauma. Other patients may come to the ER for
less serious reasons, such as routine illnesses or
minor injuries.
2 Patients go to the triage station. There staff
prioritize the patients so that those patients most
in need get attention first. ..

2 8

7 1 coronary artery disease

2 might just be

L.-

1 Suggested Answers

There are a few different approaches to treating

heart disease. Many patients with heart disease will
take regular medications. There are also surgical
options available, like angioplasty and bypass surgery.

_j

Unit 10

5 Suggested Answer

Answer Key

5 looking at
6 lt depends on
7 could lead to

2 T

3 F

3 E
4 A

5 8

2 G

4 1 acuity

8 Suggested Answer

A: lt could be arrhythmia or possibly atherosclerosis.

8: Shouldn't we be able to tell what I have, just from
my symptoms?
A: Not necessarily. Rapid heart rate changes are
symptoms of arrhythmias and atherosclerosis.
8: So what types of treatment am I looking at?
A: lt depends on your diagnosis. If it's arrhythmia, we
might not need to do anything.
8: Really?
A: Yes, depending on how serious it is. Otherwise
some medication may be necessary.
8: 1 see. What if it's atherosclerosis?
A: That could be treated with medications called
statins and lifestyle changes. Surgery may also be
necessary.
8: Okay. I hope it's just an arrhythmia.
A: We have to run some tests to find out.
9 Suggested Answer
Family Health Clinic
Heart Condition Information
Coronary Artery Disease: This is a serious heart
condition in which the arteries of the heart become
blocked. This restricts blood flow to the heart.
Symptoms: Shortness of breath, chest pain, and
irregular heart beats.
Treatment: CAD can be treated in several different
ways. Regular medication along with changes to diet
and exercise are usually the first steps. Should these
fail to improve the condition, surgery may be
necessary. Angioplasty can widen narrow arteries,
while open heart bypass surgery reroutes blood flow
around blocked arteries.

7 D

6 F

2 Emergency Severity Index

3 injury

4 triage station
5 trauma

5 Suggested Answer

There are several guidelines to follow to make sure

ER patients are given the correct priority for their
injuries. Trauma patients with unstable vital signs are
obviously given the highest priority. Others are
assessed by a nurse and seen in order of acuity.

2 A

7 1 complaining of
2 any other symptoms
3 bit of a concern

4 open wound
5 stopped bleeding
6 get an infection

8 Suggested Answer

8: First, there's Melissa Gates, 25. She came in

complaining of severe nausea.
A: I see. Does she have any other symptoms?
8: No, but she is pregnant.
A: Okay. That's a bit of a concern, but tell me about
the other patient.
8: That's Jack Avery, 8. He has a first-degree burn
on his hand.
A: What's the current state of the wound?
8: it's blistered over, but it doesn't seem to be open.
A: All right. Well, we'd better take a look at Jack's
hand first. I want to be sure it's not more serious
than first -degree.
9 Suggested Answer
Heartland Hospital ER
Patient Triage List
Patient: Melissa Gates, 25.

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Answer Key

31

Book 3

Answer Key

Symptoms: Ms. Gates came in complaining of

severe nausea. The triage nurse did not identify any
other symptoms.
Priority: Ms. Gates's pregnancy is a bit of a concern.
However, lacking other symptoms she can wait to be
seen.
Unit 11

A: I'm afraid it may be E. coli. Keep an eye on her

and keep her hydrated. Otherwise this may turn
into a kidney infection. And get her on some
antibiotics.
B: Right. I'll do that.
A: Has anyone else in this unit been infected?
B: We ran some diagnostic tests on some patients
in nearby rooms and her family, but the test
results came back negative.

1 Suggested Answers
1 Infection-causing bacteria are everywhere, and
they can spread quickly. Most germs spread
through physical contact. Some germs are
airborne. Coughing and sneezing can cause the
spread of bacteria in the air. In addition, there are
many germs on our food such as E. coli.
2 There are many ways to stop infections from
spreading. A hand sanitizer can be used to wash
your hands frequently. Another way to stop
infections from spreading is to maintain good
personal hygiene and to keep your surroundings
clean.

2 Suggested Answers
1 Use alcohol-based hand sanitizers and wash
hands with soap and water.
2 Use diagnostic tests to catch infection early.
3 Brush intensive care unit patients' teeth regularly.
4 Give LPNs checklists to ensure proper fit.
3 1 vigilant
2 alcohol-based

2 A

3 drug resistant
4 Hand sanitizers
3 B

4 B

5 Suggested Answer
You can prevent MRSA from spreading by running
diagnostic tests on patients and by washing hands
or using a hand sanitizer. Wearing a facemask when
coming into contact with a patient being treated for
MRSA is also important.

2 F ...

3 T

7 1 filled with
2 Anything else
3 running high

4 to start
5 right away
6 came back

8 Suggested Answer
B: Well, she complained that her stomach cramps
were getting worse.
A: Anything else?
B: Yes, she is running a fever and has been vomiting
at least once an hour.

32

Answer Key

9 Suggested Answer
Patient Name: Karen O'Neil

Condition and symptoms: Patient checked in with

E. coli poisoning. Her condition does not seem to be
improving. She said that her stomach cramps are
getting worse, and she is vomiting frequently. She
also has a fever.
Treatment: Keep her hydrated
Concerns: Condition may turn into a kidney infection
if not controlled.
Preventative measures: We are running diagnostic
tests on patients near Ms. O'Neil and on her family
members. We are reminding all hospital staff and
visitors to wash their hands or use hand sanitizer
frequently. In addition, we are ensuring the hospital
cafeteria is cooking all food thoroughly.
Unit 12
1 Suggested Answers
1

Licensed practical nurses check a person's basic

health and are often in charge of taking care of
any cuts or scrapes that a patient might have.
Registered nurses give medications and vaccines,
and they also create treatment plans for patients.
Nurse practitioners have many of the same tasks
as doctors including prescribing medications.
2 Different types of nurses have different levels of
education. Licensed practical nurses generally only
need a high school diploma and a year of additional
educational training. Registered nurses need at
least two years of education in nursing, and many
hospitals require bachelor's degrees. Nurse
practitioners generally have master's degrees. At
each level, nurses need to have a license.

2 1

2 F

3 T

3 1

3 F

2 A

4 E

5 D
6 B

4 1 board-certified
2 registered nurse
3 annual physical

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4 vaccine

5 point of entry
6 licensed practical nurse

Book 3
5 Suggested Answer

through menopause to maintain their gynecological

health. An OB/GYN can help them deal with the
menopause.

RNs administer vaccines and other medications. They

also assist with annual physicals.

2 T

7 1 RN position
2 ten years
3 vaccines

2 F

3 F

3 1 F
2 D

3 A
4 E

5 B
6 c

3 F
4 too fast-paced
5 electronic health records
6 switched to

8 Suggested Answer
A: Hello, I'll be interviewing you for the LPN position.
B: Nice to meet you.
A: So what kind of experience do you have?
B: Well, I have worked at Jackson Hospital for the
past three years.
A: And why did you go into nursing?
B: I love taking care of people.
A: Excellent. Now, this is a busy hospital. You'll be
cleaning lots of wounds and monitoring several
patients' conditions.
B: I understand.
A: Is that appealing to you?
B: Yes, I like a fast paced environment.
A: Right, it's definitely fast here. But we still have to
treat each case carefully.
B: Of course.
A: Now, have you worked with electronic patient
records?
B: Yes, I have used them at Jackson Hospital.

9 Suggested Answer
Interview Assessment
Applicant's Name: Ryan Peterson
Position applied for: Licensed practical nurse
What experience does the applicant have? Ryan
has worked in a local hospital for the last three years
as a receptionist.
Why did the applicant go into nursing? Ryan says
he loves taking care of people.
What tasks is applicant responsible for? Ryan is
responsible for managing patient flow and organizing
the electronic health records.

Answer Key

4 1 A pregnancy
2 A OB triage
3 A contraction

7 G

B fertility
B 08/GYN
B c-section

5 Suggested Answer
The clinic provides many services to both pregnant
and non-pregnant woman. lt also offers classes for
expecting parents as well as fertility treatments.
Women going through menopause can make an
appointment to receive advice and perhaps
medication.

2 A

7 1 be in labor
2 increase in discharge
3 water broke

4 more frequent
5 fifteen minutes apart
6 not quite time for

8 Suggested Answer
B: Hi. I'm experiencing some contractions. I think I
might be in labor.
A: Okay. Stay calm. Have you noticed an increase in
discharge?
B: No, I don't think so.
A: Do you know if your water broke already?
B: No, not yet.
A: All right. Are the contractions becoming more
frequent?
B: No, not really. They've been about twenty minutes
apart for quite a while now.
A: Okay. lt sounds like you're not in labor just yet.
You're just having Braxton-Hicks contractions.
They are normal.

9 Suggested Answer
Midwest 08/GYN Clinic
Entering Labor

Unit 13

1 Suggested Answers
1 Pregnant women need medical services throughout
pregnancy They have regular checkups at an
OB/GYN clinic. They may also have a c-section if
necessary.
2 lt is important for older women who are going

Signs of Labor: When you enter labor, you will have

an increase in vaginal discharge. Your water will break
and your contractions will become more frequent.
Braxton-Hicks contractions: These are "false"
contractions that are a normal part of late-stage
pregnancy. If you have contractions at regular

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Answer Key

33

Book 3

Answer Key

intervals without the other signs above, you are likely

having Braxton-Hicks contractions. However, it is a
good idea to call OB Triage just to make sure.
What to do next: If the call to OB Triage confirms
that you are in labor, it is time to go to the hospital.
Grab the supplies you prepared for your hospital stay
and have someone drive you to OB Triage. Your baby
is on its way!

B:

A:
B:

A:

B:

Unit 14

A:

1 Suggested Answers
1 Neurology concerns itself with the intensive study
of the nervous system. Neurosurgeons specialize
in brain surgery.
2 There are many different kinds of nervous system
disorders. Some are relatively mild, such as
occasional bouts of headache or vertigo. Severe
trauma to the brain can place a person in a coma
from which they may never awaken.

2
3 1

2 T

3 F

3 B
4 E

6 D

2 A
4 1
2
3
4
5
6

5 F

neurosurgeon
neurologist
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
Neurology
peripheral nervous system

1 Suggested Answers

7 1 Let's get into_

2 not sure that I follow
3 a sign of
4 more along the lines of
5 point directly to
6 Paralysis occurs when

A: We've covered the central nervous system and

the peripheral nervous system. Let's get into

Answer Key

1 Many doctors are involved in surgical operations.

Surgeons perform the main tasks but other
doctors, for example anesthesiologists, are also
involved.
2 A variety of tools are used in surgical operations.
Scalpels are one of the main tools. Clamps and
sutures are also used.

2 1 D

2 D

3 A

3 1 E
2 G

3 B

5 F
6 H

4 1 A
2 A
3 A
4 A

8 Suggested Answer

34

Neurological Disorders:
Vertigo, paralysis, seizures, Alzheimer's

Unit 15

There are many different kinds of nervous system

disorders and treatments. Trauma from an accident can
lead to paralysis or a coma, which can require
neurosurgery. Alzheimer's disease is another disorder
affecting the nervous system.

9 Suggested Answer

Possible Causes: Vertigo can be caused by

neurological disorders or by inner ear problems.
However, disorders like paralysis and Alzheimer's
point directly to neurological causes.
Parts of the body affected: Vertigo affects the sense
of balance. Paralysis affects the muscles. Alzheimer's
disease affects a patient physically and mentally.

5 Suggested Answer

B:

neurological disorders. What are some signs of

trouble in the nervous system?
Well, I know that numbness is a big sign.
Hmm. That's not always true, you know.
I'm not sure that I follow.
Let me explain. Numbness CAN be an indicator
of a problem with the brain. But it can also be a
sign of blood flow problems.
Oh, I see. So you're thinking of something more
along the lines of a coma.
Yes, exactly. That points directly to a problem with
the nervous system. But please, explain what a
coma is.
Sure. A coma is an extended period of
unconsciousness when a patient doesn't respond
to any stimulus.

4 A

anesthesiologist
pre-op
recovery room
resection

7 D

8 c
B
B
B
B

surgeon
post-op
operating room
operation

5 Suggested Answer
Surgical patients should know the details of both their
pre-op preparation and post-op recovery. Surgeons

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Book 3

Answer Key

will tell them the details of the procedure, and an

anesthesiologist will talk about putting them to sleep.

2 F

3 F

7 1 gall bladder excision

2 take a while
3 time for complications

4 should we do

5 push back
6 operating room

8 Suggested Answer

B: You have an appendectomy on Ms Patel at 10:30.

A: That won't work. Mr. Jenkins kidney transplant is

going to be a very long and complex operation.
B: What should I do, Doctor?
A: We may need to push back the appendectomy to
later in the day.
B: Okay. There's a slot open at 3:00.
9 Suggested Answer
Dr. Joan Phillips, MD
Surgical Schedule, 4/15

7:00
Patient: Andrew Jenkins
Procedure: Mr. Jenkins will be having a kidney
transplant.
Possible Complications: This is a long and complex
operation, and Mr. Jenkin's general health is poor.
10:30
Patient: Priti Patel
Procedure: Ms. Patel will be having an appendectomy.
Possible Complications: This procedure should be
fairly routine. However, the kidney transplant at 7:00
may run long. Therefore, this operation has been
scheduled for noon. Ms. Burns, the nursing staff, and
Dr. Gibbons the anesthesiologist have been notified
of this schedule change.

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Answer Key

35

Audioscripts
Unit 1
Director (F): Well, Dr. Matthews, let's talk about your
background.
Doctor (M): Certainly, Ma'am. I think you'll find that I'm
very well qualified.
Director: I hope so. Let's see, it !>ays here you attended
James-Perkins Medical School.
Doctor: That's right. I graduated at the top of my class.
Director: That's excellent. We're always looking for the
best and brightest here. What about your residency?
Doctor: I completed an orthopedic surgery residency at
St. Margaret's Hospital.
Director: Well, we do need someone with that emphasis.
And how long have you been licensed?
Doctor: I passed the medical exam last year, and I've
been practicing for the past eight months.
Director: So you don't have a lot of experience in actual
practice.
Doctor: No, but I'm a quick learner. And the program at
St. Margaret's gave me lots of real-world experience.
Director: Okay, Dr. Matthews. I'll review your qualifications
with the board and we'll get back to you this week.

Nurse: Well, he's complaining of constant nausea. I asked

about his medical history, but he didn't say much.
Doctor: Is it just a miscommunication? Maybe he doesn't
know what you're asking for.
Nurse: it's possible. But I can't tell because he's barely
speaking to me.
Doctor: He might just be anxious. lt can be scary to feel
terrible but not know why.
Nurse: Yeah, he does seem pretty nervous. In fact, I
noted that as an additional symptom.
Doctor: Did you use lots of jargon? In my experience,
that makes things worse.
Nurse: I might have. Since he has nausea and anxiety, I
asked him if he has a history of hypoglycemia.
Doctor: See, that term may not mean much to him. Try
"low blood sugar" instead.
Nurse: Good point.
Doctor: Also, make sure to establish a rapport. Even just
by asking about his day.
Nurse: Oh. I didn't really do that. I just jumped in with my
questions.
Doctor: it's important. lt really helps the patient relax.

Unit 2

Unit4

Nurse 1 (M): Hey Wendy, is Mr. Williams due for his

medication?
Nurse 2 (F): I don't know. What does his medical record
say?
Nurse 1: Well, I'm not sure. I can't read these notes.
Nurse 2: Let me see ... Wow, this doesn't make any sense.
I think he's supposed to get his meds every day at
nine AM, but it doesn't look like he's had any dosages
for the last three days.
Nurse 1: Really? That can't be right. How could that happen?
Nurse 2: Wait, I think I see what happened. These notes
aren't in chronological order. Someone entered last
week's dosages first, after this week's. it's all mixed up.
Nurse 1: So did he get his medication today or not?
Nurse 1: I'll check the shift board ... Tom was here this
morning.
Nurse 2: These notes are a mess. We'd better give him
a call.
"'
Nurse 1: That's a good idea. We certainly don't want to
give Mr. Williams the wrong dosage.

Doctor 1 (M): Hi, Louise. What are you doing here? I

thought your shift ended an hour ago.
Doctor 2 (F): lt did, but I have to finish this paperwork.
I'm way behind.
Doctor 1: Tell me about it. I came in on my day off last
week to finish mine.
Doctor 2: We have too many patients in this department.
it's not good for us or for the patients.
Doctor 1: I know, I know. I asked the director if we're
going to get another doctor, but she said there's not
enough money in the hospital budget to hire anyone.
Doctor 2: The whole situation is terrible. I wish I could
take a vacation, but I need the money to pay off my
student loans. Besides, if I left, I'd just be even more
behind on the caseload when I got back.
Doctor 1: Yeah, I know what you mean. I worry about my
kids because I'm hardly ever home anymore.
Doctor 2: That's tough. Well, I'd better get back to this
paperwork so I can get some rest tonight. I'm working
a double shift tomorrow.
Doctor 1: Sure, Louise. Good luck.

Unit 3

Unit 5

Nurse (M): Dr. Fox, do you have a minute?

Doctor (F): Sure. What is it about?
Nurse: it's about a patient. I'm having trouble communicating
with him.
Doctor: What do you mean?

Nurse (M): Good morning, Ms. Lewis.

Patient (F): Hello.
Nurse: Okay, at your last appointment, you said you were
getting headaches. Is that still the case?
Patient: No, I'm having knee problems now. The pain is
constant.

f'Jurse 2:

36

rm not sure. VVho 'vvas on duty at nine A~v~?

Answer Key

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Audioscripts
Nurse: On a scale of one to ten, how would you rate the
intensity of the pain right now?
Patient: Right now, it's moderate. Like a three.
Nurse: And how does it feel at worst?
Patient: At worst it's excruciating. Especially after I exercise.
I've had to cut back a lot. I used to run every day.
Nurse: I see. That may be the cause of your knee troubles.
Now, can you describe how it feels? Does it burn or
throb?
Patient: Mostly the pain is throbbing. Occasionally I get
a shooting pain.
Nurse: lt goes through your knee?
Patient: No, it extends down into my leg.
Nurse: Let me make a note of that. Last question. How
do you treat this pain at home?
Patient: I usually put an ice pack on it. Do you think I'll
need surgery?
Nurse: Well, Dr. Samuels will be able to talk to you about
that. It'll be just a few minutes while I get him.
Patient: Thanks.
Unit6
Doctor (F): Mr. Anderson, it's a good thing you came in.
Patient (M): Yeah? I feel pretty awful.
Doctor: Well, it seems that you've come down with
endocarditis. Do you know what that is?
Patient: I have no idea, but it sounds serious.
Doctor: lt is. Basically, the lining of your heart is inflamed.
Patient: Oh, that's bad. Can we treat it?
Doctor: Yes. I'll start you on some antibiotics immediately.
But this could have been avoided.
Patient: Really? How so?
Doctor: Well, you've had a sore throat for quite some
time, haven't you?
Patient: Yeah, but I figured it was just a cold.
Doctor: Definitely not. it's caused by the strep virus.
Normally, that's an acute condition that we can knock
out pretty quickly.
Patient: Okay, but how did that cause my other condition?
Doctor: Untreated, the infection moves to your heart. which
it appears to have done. And now we have to get rid of
that infection before it causes lifelong complications.
Patient: Lifelong?
Doctor: Yes. Unfortunately, endocarditis can become a
chronic condition. lt can damage your heart, brain,
and liver.
Unit 7
Doctor (F): Well, Mr. Garner, the test results are in. it's
just as we suspected, type two diabetes.
Patient (M): Honestly, I'm not surprised.
Doctor: That's right, there's a family history of diabetes.
Patient: Yes, my father had it.

Doctor: I see. You should be pretty familiar with the

treatment process then.
Patient: A little. My dad had to take a lot of insulin shots.
Will I need to do that?
Doctor: Not necessarily. We'll start with a lifestyle plan
and see how that works.
Patient: Okay. We were always buying dad sugar-free
candy. Is that what I have to eat now?
Doctor: Actually, no. Small amounts of sweets and
chocolate can be part of a healthy meal plan, just
like for everyone.
Patient: That's good. Will I have to do a lot of extra
exercise to keep my weight down?
Doctor: Not necessarily. You really need the same
amount of exercise any healthy person needs.
Patient: Well I can't say I do the recommended amount
now. I suppose this is a good reason to start.
Doctor: Absolutely.
Unit 8
Doctor (F): Hello, Mr. Paxton. I'm glad you could come in.
Patient (M): Well, I really want to hear about my cancer
treatment options. I'm pretty nervous.
Doctor: That's totally natural. We have a few therapy
options available.
Patient: I'm all ears.
Doctor: Great. First, there's always chemotherapy. You
would receive regular doses of strong drugs to kill
the cancer cells.
Patient: I know a little about chemo. Aren't there some
nasty side effects?
Doctor: There can be. You'll likely feel nauseous and lose
most of your hair. lt can damage some other bodily
systems, too.
Patient: That's not very appealing. Is there another option
available?
Doctor: Well, at your early stage of cancer, we may be
able to try photodynamic therapy.
Patient: I've never heard of that.
Doctor: it's relatively new but has had some good results.
We give you a cancer-killing drug that reacts to light.
Then we shine a light beam on the tumor, which has
absorbed the drug.
Patient: That sounds interesting. What would you
recommend?
Doctor: We can ceooinly try photodynamic therapy. You'll
likely need chemo as well, but hopefully not as much.
Unit 9
Doctor (F): Well, Mr. Jameson, I've reviewed your symptoms.
Patient (M): And what do you think?
Doctor: Well, it could be something serious, or it could
be something relatively simple.

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Answer Key

31

Audioscripts
Patient: I see. So what's the serious possibility?
Doctor: lt could be coronary artery disease.
Patient: Wow. And what's the simple possibility?
Doctor: That it might just be an arrhythmia.
Patient: Shouldn't we be able to tell what I have, just from
my symptoms?
Doctor: Well, they have some of the same warning signs.
Like the shortness of breath and fast heart rate
you've had.
Patient: So what types of treatment am I looking at?
Doctor: lt depends on your diagnosis. If it's coronary
artery disease, it could be treated with lifestyle
changes and drugs. Surgery might be necessary.
Patient: Really? it's that dangerous?
Doctor: Yes, it could lead to a fatal heart attack.
Patient: That's scary. What if it's an arrhythmia?
Doctor: Well, some cases require no treatment at all.
Others need medication.
Patient: Then I hope it's Tust an arrhythmia.
Doctor: Me, too. But we'll have to run a few tests to find
out.
Unit 10
Doctor (M): Do we have any serious trauma patients in
the ER right now, Sandy?
Nurse (F): Thankfully, no. There are two patients waiting
to be seen, however.
Doctor: Okay. Tell me about their conditions.
Nurse: First, there's Carl Henning, 67. He came in
complaining of a mild fever.
Doctor: I see. Does he have any other symptoms?
Nurse: None that the triage nurse could identify.
Doctor: That's good. His age is a bit of a concern,
though. To be safe, we'll put him on IV fluids. Tell me
about the other patient.
Nurse: That's Sarah Crane, 14. She has an open wound on
her arm. She got it in a bad bicycle accident, apparently.
Doctor: What's the current state of the wound?
Nurse: it's stopped bleeding but needs to be examined.
Doctor: All right. Well, we'd better take a look at Sarah's
arm first. I wouldn't want her to get an infection while
waiting.
Nurse: Very well, Doc,.tor.
Doctor: I'm sure she'll need stitches. Please grab a suture
kit and meet me there.
Nurse: Sure, I'll be right there.

Nurse: I'm afraid to say his condition is getting worse.

Doctor: Really? How so?
Nurse: Well, the red, swollen wounds on his body are now
filled with pus.
Doctor: Anything else?
Nurse: Yes, he said that he was short of breath, and his
temperature is running high.
Doctor: I'm afraid it may be MRSA. We need to start him
on an aggressive round of antibiotics. And he needs
to be in isolation.
Nurse: Right. I'll get started on that right away.
Doctor: Has anyone else in this unit been infected?
Nurse: We ran some diagnostic tests on the other patient
in Mr. Harris' room, but his test results came back
negative. None of the other patients are exhibiting
symptoms.
Doctor: Well, let's keep it that way. Remind everyone to
wash their hands or use an alcohol-based hand
sanitizer.
Nurse: Of course. And we're disinfecting Mr. Harris' room
right now.
Doctor: Good. I'll check on him again before the end of
my shift.
Unit 12
Interviewer (M): Jane, I'm Richard Jenson. I'll be
interviewing you for the RN position.
Applicant (F): Nice to meet you, Mr. Jenson.
Interviewer: So what kind of experience do you have?
Applicant: Well, I started volunteering in hospitals as a
teenager. I've worked as an RN for the past ten years.
Interviewer: And why did you go into nursing?
Applicant: I love taking care of people. lt brings me a lot
of joy.
Interviewer: Excellent. Now, this is a general practice.
You'll be giving lots of vaccines and assisting with
annual physicals.
Applicant: Everyday tasks. I understand.
Interviewer: Is that appealing to you?
Applicant: Yes, because there's more interaction with
patients. Hospitals are too fast -paced.
Interviewer: Right, it's definitely slower here. But we still
have to maintain patient flow.
Applicant: Of course.
Interviewer: Now, have you worked with electronic health
records?
Applicant: Yes, we switched to them several years ago.

Unit 11
Doctor (M): Okay. Let's talk about Mr. Harris. He checked
in with a staph infection, right?
Nurse (F): Yes, that's right.
Doctor: And how is he doing today?

38

Unit 13
Nurse (M): OB Triage unit. How can I help you?
Caller (F): Hi. I'm at thirty-eight weeks and I'm experiencing
some contractions. I think I might be in labor.

Answer Key

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Audioscripts
Nurse: Okay. Stay calm. Have you noticed an increase
in discharge?
Caller: Yes, a little bit.
Nurse: Do you know if your water broke already?
Caller: No, not yet.
Nurse: All right. Are the contractions becoming more
frequent?
Caller: Yes, they are. They were about fifteen minutes
apart, but now they're about every ten minutes.
Nurse: Okay. Those don't sound like Braxton-Hicks
contractions. I think you are in the early stages of
labor. But it's still not quite time for you to come in.
Caller: Really? it's starting to get painful.
Nurse: Don't worry, that's normal. But we recommend
waiting until the contractions are about four minutes
apart.
Caller: Oh, okay. Is there anything I need to do until then?
Nurse: Just rest and stay as comfortable as you can. And
make sure you have a bag packed with everything you
need.
Caller: I've got one.
Nurse: Great. So hang in there and keep timing those
contractions.
Caller: Okay. And should I go to OB triage when I'm
ready to come in?
Nurse: Yes, you should.

Unit 15
Doctor (F): Sam, could we go over tomorrow's surg ery
schedule?
Secretary (M): Sure thing, doctor. First up is a bowel
resection for Paul Jackson at 7:00.
Doctor: Ah, yes. Hmm. Is there anything else scheduled
for the rest of morning?
Secretary: You are supposed to perform a gall bladder
excision on Amanda Burns at 10:00.
Doctor: Right, the cholecystect0(11Y That could be a
problem. I think Mr. Jackson's resection could take a
while.
Secretary: Why's that, doctor?
Doctor: ! remember the abdomina! CT scan showing the
tumor to be quite large and advanced. I need to allow
time for complications.
Secretary: I see. What should we do, then?
Doctor: Well, we may need to push back that procedure
by a couple hours.
Secretary: Okay. Let's see here. There's an operating
room open at noon.
Doctor: That would be perfect. Who's the anesthesiologist
for that operation?
Secretary: Dr. Gibbons is slated to work with you on that.
Doctor: Good. Please let Dr. Gibbons, Ms. Burns, and the
nursing staff know about the change.
Secretary: Will do. See you tomorrow, doctor.

Unit 14
Doctor (F): Okay, so we've covered the central nervous
system and the peripheral nervous system. Let's get
into neurological disorders. What are some signs of
trouble in the nervous system?
Student (M): Well, I know that vertigo is a big sign.
Doctor: Hmm. That's not always true, you know.
Student: I'm not sure that I follow.
Doctor: Let me explain. Vertigo CAN be an indicator of a
problem with the brain. But it's often a sign of inner
ear problems.
Student: Oh, I see. So you're thinking of something more
along the lines of seizures or paralysis.
Doctor: Yes, exactly. Those point directly to a problem with
the nervous system. But please, explain what those are.
Student: Sure. Paralysis occurs when a patient loses the
ability to move muscles, and seizures result in
uncontrolled muscle movement.
Doctor: Good. Now, what's an example of a disorder that
doesn't just involve muscle control?
Student: Well, there's Alzheimer's disease.
Doctor: Good example. lt leads to physical and mental
deterioration.

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Answer Key

39

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Career Paths: Medical is a new educational resource for medical
professionals who want to improve their English communication in a work
environment Incorporating career-specific vocabulary and contexts, each unit
offers step-by-step instruction that immerses students in the four key language
components: reading , listening, speaking , and writing . Career Paths: Medical
addresses topics including hospital employees, parts of the body, patient care,
common illnesses, and career options.
The series is organ ited into three levels of difficulty and offers a minimum of

..

400 vocabulary terms and phrases . Every unit includes a test of reading
comprehension, vocabulary, and listening skills , and leads students through
written and oral production.
Included Features:

A variety of realistic reading passages

Career-specific dialogues

45 reading and listening comprehension checks

Over 400 vocabulary terms and phrases

Guided speaking and writing exercises

Complete glossary of terms and phrases

The Teacher's book contains a full answer key and audio scripts.
The audio COs contain all recorded material in American English and British
English.
Books 1-3 of Career Paths: Medical are rated for the Common European
Framework of Reference for Languages at A 1, A2 and B 1 respectively.

Express Publishing
ISBN 978 - 1-78098-6586

111111111111111111111111

911781780 986586

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