Highway Engineering Is An Engineering Discipline Branching From

Highway engineering is an engineering discipline branching from civil
engineering that involves the planning, design, construction, operation, and

maintenance of roads, bridges, and tunnels to ensure safe and
effective transportation of people and goods.[1][2][3] Highway engineering became
prominent towards the latter half of the 20th Century after World War 2.
Standards of highway engineering are continuously being improved. Highway
engineers must take into account future traffic flows, design of highway
intersections/interchanges, geometric alignment and design, highway pavement
materials and design, structural design of pavement thickness, and pavement
maintenance.[1] Highway engineering is an engineering discipline branching
from civil engineering that involves the planning, design, construction, operation,
and maintenance of roads, bridges, and tunnels to ensure safe and
effective transportation of people and goods.[1][2][3] Highway engineering became
prominent towards the latter half of the 20th Century after World War 2.
Standards of highway engineering are continuously being improved. Highway
engineers must take into account future traffic flows, design of highway
intersections/interchanges, geometric alignment and design, highway pavement
materials and design, structural design of pavement thickness, and pavement
maintenance.[1]
Diagram of the layers that make up a typical mortarless or "dry-laid" pavement. A.

Subgrade, B. Subbase, C. Aggregate base course, D. Paver base, E. Pavers, F.
Fine-grained sand
In transport engineering, subgrade is the native material underneath a

constructed road,[1] pavement or railway (US: railroad) track. It is also
called formation level.
The term can also refer to imported material that has been used to build
an embankment.
Construction[edit]
Subgrades are commonly compacted before the construction of a road,
pavement or railway track, and are sometimes stabilized by the addition
of asphalt, lime, portland cement or other modifiers. The subgrade is the
foundation of the pavement structure, on which the subbase is laid.
The load-bearing strength of subgrade is measured by California Bearing

Ratio (CBR) test, falling weight deflectometer backcalculations and other
methods.
subbase is the layer of aggregate material laid on the subgrade, on which

the base course layer is located. It may be omitted when there will be only foot
traffic on the pavement, but it is necessary for surfaces used by vehicles.
Subbase is often the main load-bearing layer of the pavement. Its role is to
spread the load evenly over thesubgrade. The materials used may be either
unbound granular, or cement-bound. The quality of subbase is very important for
the useful life of the road and can outlive the life of the surface, which can be
scrapped off and after checking that the subbase is still in good condition, a new
layer can be applied[1]
Unbound granular materials are usually crushed stone, crushed slag or concrete,
or slate.
The base course or basecourse in pavements is a layer of material in
an asphalt roadway, race track, riding arena, or sporting field that is located
directly under the surface layer.
If there is a subbase course, the base course is constructed directly above this
layer. Otherwise, it is built directly on top of the subgrade. Typical base course
thickness ranges from 4 to 6 inches and is governed by underlying layer
properties. Generally consisting of a specific type of construction aggregate, it is
placed by means of attentive spreading and compacting to a minimum of 95%
relative compaction, thus providing the stable foundation needed to support
either additional layers of aggregates or the placement of an asphalt
concrete wearing coursewhich is applied directly on top of the base course.[1][2]
Paver base is a form of aggregate used in the construction

of patios and walkways whose topmost layer consists of mortarless (or "drylaid") pavers. The first layer in the construction of such a surface is called
the subgrade-- this is the layer of native material underneath the intended
surface. It is usually compacted and stabilized. If the final pavement is to have
vehicle traffic, a layer of subbase of crushed stone or concrete must come next
this layer will even out the subgrade and will bear the heaviest load from the
pavement above. Next comes the base course(also called the aggregate base
course or ABC) composed of crushed gravel varying from 0.75 in (1.9 cm) down
to dust-particle size. It too is typically compacted and evened. The next layer will
be the paver base, composed of coarse sand and typically between 6 in (15 cm)
and 12 in (30 cm) thick, depending on anticipated traffic.[1] The pavers are then
laid on top of this, and then a uniform, fine-grained sand is poured between them.
A paver is a paving stone, tile,[3] brick[4] or brick-like piece of concrete commonly
used as exterior flooring. In a factory, concrete pavers are made by pouring a
mixture of concrete and some type of coloring agent into a mold of some shape
and allowing to set. They are applied by pouring a standard concrete foundation,
spreading sand on top, and then laying the pavers in the desired pattern. No
actual adhesive or retaining method is used other than the weight of the paver
itself except edging. Pavers can be used to make roads, driveways, patios,
walkways and other outdoor platforms.
A road is a thoroughfare, route, or way on land between two places that has
been paved or otherwise improved to allow travel by foot or some form
of conveyance, including a horse, cart, bicycle, or motor vehicle.
Transportation engr or highway engrng is an engineering discipline branching

from civil engineering that involves the
Diagram of the layers that make up a typical mortarless or "dry-laid" pavement
Good afternoon classmates, sir, this time we will discuss about a series of horizontal
structure which is roads.
2nd slide : as we can see in the diagram, there are many disciplnes of civil
engineering, but the engineering that focus on the road is transportation
engineering. Transportation engr or highway engrng is an engineering discipline

branching from civil engineering that involves the planning, design, construction,
operation, and maintenance of roads, bridges, and tunnels to ensure safe and
effective transportation of people and goods. Blah blah,
Basahon na lang ang nasa ppt.

Slide 6: Diagram of the layers that make up a typical mortarless or "dry-laid"
pavement. A. Subgrade, B. Subbase, C. Aggregate base course, D. Paver base, E.
Pavers, F. Fine-grained sand

Highway Engineering Is An Engineering Discipline Branching From

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Highway Engineering Is An Engineering Discipline Branching From

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Highway engineering is an engineering discipline branching from civil

engineering that involves the planning, design, construction, operation, and

Diagram of the layers that make up a typical mortarless or "dry-laid" pavement. A.

In transport engineering, subgrade is the native material underneath a

The load-bearing strength of subgrade is measured by California Bearing

subbase is the layer of aggregate material laid on the subgrade, on which

Paver base is a form of aggregate used in the construction

Transportation engr or highway engrng is an engineering discipline branching

engineering. Transportation engr or highway engrng is an engineering discipline

Basahon na lang ang nasa ppt.

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