Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

ANNEX I
ASEAN GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR
INCLUSION INTO OR EXCLUSION
FROM THE NEGATIVE LIST OF
SUBSTANCES FOR TRADITIONAL
MEDICINES AND HEALTH
SUPPLEMENTS

Version 3.0

ASEAN Guiding Principles for Inclusion into or Exclusion from the

Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

DOCUMENT INFORMATION
This version is adopted at the 18th ASEAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINES AND HEALTH
SUPPLEMENTS SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE MEETING (ATSC) 11-13 March 2013, Nay Pyi Taw,
Myanmar and endorsed at the 19th ACCSQ TRADITIONAL MEDICINES AND HEALTH
SUPPLEMENTS PRODUCT WORKING GROUP (TMHSPWG) MEETING 28-29 June 2013, Bagan,
Myanmar.

Version
No.
1
2

History of adoption and endorsement

Adoption date
9th ATSC Meeting
22-23 Nov 2010
13th ATSC Meeting
14-15 Nov 2011

Endorsement date
14th TMHSPWG Meeting
24-25 Nov 2010
16th TMHSPWG Meeting
17-18 Nov 2011

18th ATSC Meeting

11-13 Mar 2013
23rd ATSC Meeting
23-24 June 2014

19th TMHSPWG Meeting

28-29 Jun 2013
21st TMHSPWG Meeting
27-28 June 2014

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Reasons for revision

Editorial changes. The word legislations to be

replaced with regulations in entire document to
address the concerns that may arise from legal
complexities.
Editorial changes. To delete Clause 3 from the
Guiding Principles, and to create separate
negative list for TM and HS.
Updated the adopted list of substances

ASEAN Guiding Principles for Inclusion into or Exclusion from the

Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

CONTENTS
Purpose ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
Guiding principles .................................................................................................................................. 3
Appendices ............................................................................................................................................. 5
Appendix 1

Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines ....................................... 5

Appendix 2

Negative List of Substances for Health Supplements ....................................... 12

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ASEAN Guiding Principles for Inclusion into or Exclusion from the

Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

PURPOSE
The ASEAN Guiding Principles for Inclusion into or Exclusion from the Negative List of
Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health Supplements list the active substances
that are prohibited from being used in or being part of the composition of Traditional
Medicine and/or Health Supplement products. The list is prepared from the following
guidelines established to govern the acceptance of active substances to the list based on
scientific rationale.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES
1. A substance must carry a scientifically demonstrated/proven safety concern that its
inclusion into a Traditional Medicine and Health Supplement product will be harmful to
human health 1.
2. A substance that qualifies for inclusion into the list should carry the following details but
not limited to:
2.1. Identity of the substance
2.1.1.Taxonomy classification e.g. scientific name by genus and species
2.1.2.Common name/ traditional name
2.1.3.CAS No
2.2. Source of the substance (e.g. natural/synthetic/certain part or whole plant
/animal)
2.3. Rationale for inclusion (e.g. toxic 2 effect of the substance e.g. acute, sub-acute,
chronic, specific toxicity)
Harmful to human health is defined as any experience affecting the majority of a
population resulting in any of the following outcomes: death, a life-threatening adverse
experience, inpatient hospitalisation or prolongation of existing hospitalisation, a persistent
or significant disability/incapacity, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect. Important
medical events that may not result in death, be life-threatening, or require hospitalisation
may be considered harmful when, based on appropriate medical judgment, they may
jeopardise the individual and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one
of the outcomes previously listed - adapted from: IOM (Institute of Medicine). Dietary
supplements: A framework for evaluating safety. Washington, DC: The National
Academies Press; 2005

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ASEAN Guiding Principles for Inclusion into or Exclusion from the

Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements
2.4. References (e.g. formulary, monograph/scientific report)
3. The negative list should only include substances that are prohibited for use in a
traditional medicine and/or health supplement product.
4. This negative list should not include:
4.1. Substances in the ASEAN List of Restricted Additives and Excipients for Traditional
Medicines and Health Supplements.
4.2. Nutrients with established ASEAN maximum levels (e.g. vitamins and minerals).
4.3. Naturally occurring toxic contaminants that are within established limits (e.g. lead)
4.4. Substances which are prohibited under existing wildlife protection laws of all
Member States.
5. Prohibited substances in the national regulations of ASEAN Member States, where
applicable, are prohibited in Traditional Medicines and/or Health Supplements.
Member States are recommended to propose relevant substances from their national
regulation for inclusion into the ASEAN Negative List for Traditional Medicines and
Health Supplements; as long as their inclusion meets the criteria set in this guideline.
6. Proposal for inclusion or exclusion of substances into the ASEAN Negative List for
Traditional Medicines and Health Supplements should be based on scientific rationale
pertaining to human safety concerns and not upon majority rule or the commonality of
a particular substance in the existing national negative lists of each Member State.
7. Please refer to Appendix 1 for Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and
Appendix 2 for Negative List of Substances for Health Supplements.

2It

is important to differentiate between potential side effects and toxic effects

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Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

APPENDICES
Appendix 1

NEGATIVE LIST OF SUBSTANCES FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINES

This list is adopted at the 19th ACCSQ Traditional Medicines and Health Supplements Scientific Committee Meeting on 24-27 June 2013, Bagan,
Myanmar and endorsed at the 19th ACCSQ Traditional Medicines and Health Supplements Product Working Group Meeting on 28-29 June
2013, Bagan, Myanmar.

Scientific Name & Photos

Adonis vernalis L.

Aristolochia spp. (all species)

containing aristolochic acid

Aspidosperma quebracho- blanco

Schltdl.

Atropa belladonna L.

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Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Ban Status in
TM

Pheasants eye

Whole plant

Adonitoxin

Banned

Birthwort, Pelican flower, Sangree

root, Sangrel, Serpentaria,
Snakeroot, Snakeweed

Whole plant

Aristolochic acid

Banned

Quebracho

Bark

Aspidospermine

Banned

Deadly
Nightshade

Whole plant

Scopolamine, Hyoscyamine, Atropine

Banned

ASEAN Guiding Principles for Inclusion into or Exclusion from the

Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

Scientific Name & Photos

Calotropis gigantea (L.)

Dryand.

Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Ban Status in
TM

Crown flower, Giant milkweed

Latex

Cardiac glycosides, Calotropin

Banned

Marijuana

Whole plant

Cannabinoids

Banned

Vinca rosea,
Periwinkle
Madagascar,
Old Maid

Whole plant

Vinca alkaloids

Banned

Curare

Stems

Tubocurarine chloride

Banned

Bitter apple

Seed, fructus

Curcubitacin

Banned

Ergo

Sclerotium

Ergot alkaloids
(including Ergotamine and
Ergometrine)

Banned

Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand.

Cannabis sativa L.
Cannabis indica Lam.

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don

Chondrodendron tomentosum
Ruiz &Pav.

Citrullus colocynthis (L.)

Schrad.

Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul.

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Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

Scientific Name & Photos

Colchicum autumnale L.

Conium maculatum L.

Delphinium staphisagria L.

Digitalis spp.
(all species) containing glycoside

Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn

Syn. Urginea maritima (L.) Baker

Excoecaria agallocha L.

Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) J.St.-Hil.

Gelsemium elegans (Gardner &
Chapm.) Benth.

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Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Ban Status in
TM

Meadow saffron

Seed

Cochicine

Banned

Hemlock

Whole plant

Coniine

Banned

Stavesacre

Seeds

Delphinine,
Staphisine

Banned

Leaf

Cardiac glycoside

Banned

Bulb

Cardiac
glycoside

Banned

Blinding tree

Latex

Excoecaria phorbol

Banned

Palaung
Thay

Root, Leaves and rhizomes

Gelsemine &
Gelseminine (Gelsemium Indole
alkaloid)

Banned

Sea squill,
Red squill,
Sea onion,
Squill

ASEAN Guiding Principles for Inclusion into or Exclusion from the

Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Ban Status in
TM

Syn. Melanorrhoea usitata Wall.

Vanish tree

Latex

Urushic acid, Urushiol, Cardanol,

Cardol, Anacardic acid

Banned

Hyoscyamus muticus L.

Henbane,
Henblain,
Jusquaime

Whole plant

Hyoscyamine, Atropine,
Hyoscine

Banned

Savin,
Savine

Extracted Essential oil

(i.e. Savin Oil)

Scientific Name & Photos

Gluta usitata (Wall.) Ding Hou

Hyoscyamus niger L.

Juniperus sabina L.

Larrea tridentata (Sess & Moc. ex

DC.) Coville

Sabinyl acetate,
Sabinene, Podophyllo-toxin and others

Banned

Chaparral

Whole plant

Main harmful compounds in chaparral

are Lignans, in which nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is the major
compound

Indian
tobacco

Whole plant

Lobeline

Banned

Spanish flies

Whole body, tinktur

Cantharidin

Banned

Larrea mexicana Moric.

Banned

Lobelia nicotianifolia Roth ex Schult.

Lobelia inflata L.
Lobelia tupa L.

Lytta vesicatoria Linn.

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Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Ban Status in
TM

Tea tree oil

(TTO)

Tea tree oil

Tea tree oil

Banned in TM
(oral)

Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.)

Havil.

Kratom

Whole plant

Mitragynine indole, alkaloid

Banned

Nicotiana tabacum L.

Tobac

leaf

Nicotine

Banned

Papaver spp.
(all species) containing morphine &
derivatives and codeine

Opium
poppy

Whole plant

Morphine and derivatives, codeine

Banned

Jaborandi

Bark

Pilocarpine

Banned

Kava Kava

Whole plant

Pyrones, ethanol extract

Banned

American mayapple, Mandrake

Roots, leaves

Podophyllin resin

Banned

Scientific Name & Photos

Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden &

Betche) Cheel

Pilocarpus microphyllus
Stapf ex Wardleworth
Pilocarpus jaborandi Holmes
Pilocarpus pennatifolius
Lem.

Piper methysticum G.Forst.

Podophyllum emodi Wall. ex Hook.f.

& Thomson

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Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Ban Status in
TM

Boomers, Gold caps

Whole plant

Psilocybine, Psilocin

Banned

Schoenocaulon officinale
(Schltdl. & Cham.) A.Gray

Sabadilla

Seed

Veratrine

Banned

Scilla sinensis (Lour.) Merr.

Bulb

Cardiac glycoside

Banned

whole plant

pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Banned

Bittersweet, Nightshade

Leaf, flowering tops

Solanaceous alkaloids

Scientific Name & Photos

Podophyllum peltatum L.

Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Singer

Senecio aureus L.
Senecio jacobaea L.
Senecio bicolor Sch.Bip.
Senecio nemorensis L.
Senecio vulgaris L.
Senecio longilobus Benth.
Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham. ex
D.Don

Solanum dulcamara L.
Solanum americanum Mill.

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Banned

ASEAN Guiding Principles for Inclusion into or Exclusion from the

Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

Scientific Name & Photos

Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Worm grass, Pinkroot

Whole plant

Spigeline (a strychinine-like alkaloid)

Kombe

Whole plant

Strophanthus
Alkaloids

American Hellebore, Indian

Poke, Indian Hellebore, False
Hellebore, Green False
Hellebore, White Hellebore

Whole Plant

Ban Status in
TM

Syn. Solanum nigrum L.

Spigelia marilandica L.

Strophanthus spp. (all species)

containing strophanthus alkaloids

Banned
Banned

Veratrum viride Aiton

Veratrum album L.
Veratrum mengtzeanum O.Loes.
Veratrum nigrum L.
Veratrum stenophyllum Diels
Veratrum maackii Regel
Veratrum dahuricum (Turcz.) O.Loes.
Veratrum grandiflorum (Maxim. ex
Miq.) O.Loes.
Veratrum taliense O.Loes.

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Veratrum alkaloids including

veratramine, cyclopamine,
cycloposine, jervine, and muldamine

Banned

ASEAN Guiding Principles for Inclusion into or Exclusion from the

Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

Scientific Name & Photos

Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Ban Status in
TM

Periwinkle, Myrtle

Whole plant

Indole alkaloids: Vincamine,

eburnamenine

Banned

Vinca minor L.

[Information on the reasons and supporting references is available as a compendium of the negative list.]

Appendix 2

NEGATIVE LIST OF SUBSTANCES FOR HEALTH SUPPLEMENTS

This list is adopted at the 19th ACCSQ Traditional Medicines and Health Supplements Scientific Committee Meeting on 24-27 June 2013, Bagan,
Myanmar and endorsed at the 19th ACCSQ Traditional Medicines and Health Supplements Product Working Group Meeting on 28-29 June
2013, Bagan, Myanmar.

Scientific Name & Photos

Abrus precatorius L.

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Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Indian Licorice,
Precatory bean, Jequerity, Mutual
love Bean (China), Kudri Mani
(Tamil), Guru Ginja (Telegu)

Seed

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Abrin, which consists of abrus

agglutinin, and toxic lectins
abrins

Ban Status in HS

Banned

ASEAN Guiding Principles for Inclusion into or Exclusion from the

Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

Scientific Name & Photos

Aconitum spp.
(all species) containing aconite
alkaloids

Adonis vernalis L.

Animals parts containing hormones

(all species)

Antiaris toxicaria Lesch.

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Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Ban Status in HS

Monkshood, Aconite

Whole plant

Aconite alkaloids

Banned

Pheasant's eye

Whole plant

Adonitoxin

Banned

Upas tree (Javanese Languagearrow poison),

Bark cloth Tree

Parts that may contain

hormones: Pituitary gland,
Thyroid gland,
Parathyroid glands, Adrenal
glands, Pancreas, Thymus
gland,
Ovary, Testes, Placenta

Latex, Sap

Growth hormone,
prolactin, adrenocortico-tropic
hormone,
Thyroid-stimulating hormone,
Follicle-stimulating
hormone, luteinizing
hormone,
oxytocin,
antidiuretic
hormone, thyroid hormone,
calcitonin,
parathyroid
hormone, mineralocorti-coids,
glucocorti-coids, sex hormones,
insulin, glucagon,
thymosin, estrogens,
progesterone, testosterone
Cardiac glycoside (antiarin),
Cardenolides &
Alkaloids (with cardiac arresting
potential)

Banned

Banned

ASEAN Guiding Principles for Inclusion into or Exclusion from the

Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Ban Status in HS

Birthwort, Pelican flower,

Sangree root,
Sangrel, Serpentaria, Snakeroot,
Snakeweed

Whole plant

Aristolochic acid

Banned

Artemisia spp.
(all species) containing artemisinin

Wormwood

Leaf

Artemisinin

Banned

Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco
Schltdl.

Quebracho

Bark

Aspido-spermine

Banned

Deadly Nightshade

Whole plant

Scopolamine; Hyoscyamine;
Atropine

Banned

Nimba,
Neem

Seeds

Azadirachtin and
derivatives

Banned

Mahonia Aquifolium: Oregon

Grape , Mountain Grape,
Barberry. Mahonia Repens:
Creeping Barberry, Creeping
Mahonia, Creeping OregonGrape
Mahonia
Nervosa: Dwarf Oregon-grape,
Cascade Oregon-grape, Dull
Oregon-grape

Root, bark, rhizome

Berberine

Banned

Scientific Name & Photos

Aristolochia spp. (all species)

containing aristolochic acid

Atropa belladonna L.

Azadirachta indica A.Juss.

Berberis spp. (all species) containing

berberine
e.g. Berberis vulgaris L.

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Supplements

Scientific Name & Photos

Brucea javanica (L.) Merr.

Bufo gargarizans Cantor

Bufo melanostictus Schneider
Bufo vulgaris Lour.

Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Ban Status in HS

Sumatrana amarissimus, Java

brucea

Dried fruits & seed

Bruceine, Bruceantinol and

Bruceoside

Banned

Toad,
Samsu,
kodok kerok

Venom, dried
secretion, whole body

Cinobufagin, resibufagenin,
bufagins, catecholamines:
asbufothionine

Banned

Crown flower, Giant milkweed

Latex

Cardiac glycosides, calotropin

Banned

Marijuana

Whole plant

Cannabinoids

Banned

Vinca rosea,
Periwinkle Madagascar,
Old Maid

Whole plant

Vinca alkaloids

Banned

Dog bane,
Pink eyed cerbera

Seed

Digitoxinglyco-side,
Cerberine, Cerberoside, thevetin

Banned

Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand.

Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand.

Cannabis sativa L.
Cannabis indica Lam.

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don

Cerbera manghas L.

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Supplements

Scientific Name & Photos

Cerbera odollam Gaertn.

Chelidonium majus L.

Chondrodendron tomentosum Ruiz &

Pav.

Cinchona spp.

Citrullus colocynthis (L.)

Schrad.

Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul.

Colchicum autumnale L.

Conium maculatum L.

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Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Ban Status in HS

Indian Suicide
Tree,
Sea Mango

Seed

Cerberin, cerebroside,
odollin, odolotoxin,
thevetin and
cerapain.

Banned

Celandine,
Great Celandine,
Nipplewort

Dried, whole or cut aerial

parts

Berberine, chelidonine,
sanguinarine, coptisine,
chelerythrine

Banned

Curare

Stems

Tubocurarine chloride

Banned

Quine bark

Bark

Cinchona alkaloids ex. Quinine

and Derivatives

Banned

Bitter apple

Seed, fructus

Curcubitacin

Banned

Ergo

Sclerotium

Ergot alkaloids
(including ergotamine
and ergometrine)

Banned

Meadow
saffron

Seed

Cochicine

Banned

Hemlock

Whole plant

Coniine

Banned

Common name(s)

ASEAN Guiding Principles for Inclusion into or Exclusion from the

Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

Scientific Name & Photos

Croton tiglium L.

Datura spp.
(all species)
containing hyoscyamine,
atropine, scopolamine and
apoatropine
Delphinium staphisagria L.
Digitalis spp.
(all species)
containing glycoside
Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn
Syn. Urginea maritima (L.) Baker

Dryobalanops sumatrensis (J.F.Gmel.)

Kosterm.
Syn. Dryobalanops aromatica
C.F.Gaertn.

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Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Ban Status in HS

Croton

Fruit, seeds and oil

Croton oil containing:

Crotonic acid, tiglic acid, crotin,
cocarcinogen Phorbol ester

Banned

Jimson weed,
Devils apple, Green Dragon,
Zombies Cucumber,
Moon Weed,
Trumpet Lily,
Stinkweed

Leaf, seed,
flowering or fruiting parts with
branches

Hyoscyamine, atropine,
scopolamine, apoatropine

Banned

Stavesacre

Seeds

Delphinine, Staphisine

Banned

Leaf

Cardiac glycoside

Banned

Sea squill,
red squill,
sea onion, squill

Bulb

Cardiac glycoside

Banned

Borneo camphor, Kapur,

Malay Camphor,
Sumatra camphor

Whole plant

Borneol (Borneo camphor)

Banned in oral
preparation

ASEAN Guiding Principles for Inclusion into or Exclusion from the

Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

Scientific Name & Photos

Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Ban Status in HS

Male Fern, aspidium,

Male Shield Fern

Rhizome

Filicin,
aspidinol

Banned

Triangular spurge

Latex

Alpha euphorbol,
Beta amyrin cycloartenol Euphol

Banned

Blinding tree

Latex

Excoecaria phorbol

Banned

Fritillary bulb

Dried bulb

Alkaloid: chinpeimine, fritimine,

beilupeimine hashimirine
peimine
peimisine

Banned

Gamboge

Gum resin

Cambogic acid,
-guttiferin,
-1-guttiferin

Banned

Palaung Thay

Root, leaves and rhizomes

Gelsemine &
Gelseminine (Gelsemium indole

Banned

Dryobalanops lanceolata Burck

Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott

Euphorbia antiquorum L.
Euphorbia trigona Mill.

Excoecaria agallocha L.

Fritillaria spp.

Garcinia elliptica Wall. ex Wight

Garcinia hanburyi Hook.f.
Garcinia morella (Gaertn.) Desr.

Gelsemium semperivirens (L.) J.St.-Hil.

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Supplements

Scientific Name & Photos

Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Ban Status in HS

alkaloid)

Gelsemium elegans (Gardner &

Chapm.) Benth.
Gluta usitata (Wall.) Ding Hou
Vanish tree

Latex

Urushic acid, Urushiol, Cardanol,

Cardol, Anacardic acid

Banned

Henbane, Henblain, Jusquaime

Whole plant

Hyoscyamine, atropine, hyoscine

Banned

Coral Bush,
Coral Plant,
Physic nut,
Guatemala
rhubarb

Fruits/Seeds

Phytotoxin (Toxalbumin
- Curcin)

Banned

Juniperus sabina L.

Savin,
Savine

Extracted Essential oil

(i.e. Savin Oil)

Sabinyl acetate,
sabinene, podophyllo-toxin and
others

Banned

Lantana camara L.

Tembelekan
(tahi ayam)

Whole plant

Lantadene 2,2% from dry leave

and stem Lancamaron

Banned

Whole plant

Main harmful compounds in

chaparral are Lignans, in which
nordihydro-guaiaretic acid
(NDGA)

Banned

Syn. Melanorrhoea usitata Wall.

Hyoscyamus muticus L.
Hyoscyamus niger L.

Jatropha multifida L.

Larrea tridentata (Sess & Moc. ex DC.)

Coville

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Chaparral

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Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

Scientific Name & Photos

Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Larrea mexicana Moric.

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Ban Status in HS

is the major
compound

Lobelia nicotianifolia Roth ex Schult.

Lobelia inflata L.

Indian
tobacco

Whole plant

Lobeline

Banned

Spanish flies

Whole body, tinktur

Cantharidin

Banned

Houpo,
Houpohua,
Lamp post,
Officinal magnolia

Whole plant

Bark:level of magnolol 2-11%,

honokiol 0.3-4.6%,eudes mol <1%,
< 200mg of bark/dosage
form has to be
from a Chinese
formulation
and contraindicated in
pregnancy
(emmena-gogue)

Banned

Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden &

Betche) Cheel

Tea tree oil (TTO)

Tea tree oil

Tea tree oil

Banned

Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil.

Kratom

Whole plant

Mitragynine indole, alkaloid

Banned

Lobelia chinensis Lour.

Lobelia tupa L.

Lytta vesicatoria Linn.

Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E.H.Wilson

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ASEAN Guiding Principles for Inclusion into or Exclusion from the

Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

Scientific Name & Photos

Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Seed

Dopamine, Nicotine,
Physostigmine

Dried body

Cantharidin

Indian oleander, Exile Tree

Whole plant

Neriin

Tobac

Leaf

Nicotine

Opium poppy

Whole plant

Morphine and
derivatives,
codeine

Banned

Yohimbe

Bark

Yohimbine

Banned

Calabar bean

Seed, bean

Physostigmine

Jaborandi

Bark

Pilocarpine

Common name(s)

Cowhage, Cowage

Mylabris phalerata Pall.

Mylabris cichorii Linnaeus

Nerium oleander L.
Syn. Nerium indicum Mill.

Nicotiana tabacum L.

Papaver spp.
(all species) containing morphine &
derivatives and codeine

Pausinystalia johimbe (K.Schum.) Pierre

ex Beille

Physostigma venenosum Balf.

Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf ex

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Blister beetle, Mylabris

Ban Status in HS

Banned

Banned

Banned

Banned

Banned

Banned

ASEAN Guiding Principles for Inclusion into or Exclusion from the

Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

Scientific Name & Photos

Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Ban Status in HS

Kava Kava

Whole plant

Pyrones, ethanol extract

Banned

White leadwort

Roots

Plumbagin

Rose-coloured leadwort

Root, root bark

Plumbagin

American mayapple,
Mandrake

Roots, leaves

Podophyllin resin

Banned

Boomers, Gold caps

Whole plant

Psilocybine, Psilocin

Banned

Stem bark and root bark

Pomegranate alkaloids

Wardleworth
Pilocarpus jaborandi Holmes
Pilocarpus pinnatifolius
Lem.

Piper methysticum G.Forst.

Plumbago zeylanica L.

Plumbago indica L.

Podophyllum emodii Wall. ex Hook.f. &

Thomson
Podophyllum peltatum L.

Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Singer

Pomegranate

Punica granatum L.

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Banned

Banned

Banned

ASEAN Guiding Principles for Inclusion into or Exclusion from the

Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

Scientific Name & Photos

Rauvolfia serpentina (L.)

Benth. ex Kurz
Syn. Ophioxylon serpentinum L.

Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Ban Status in HS

Rauwolfia, Indian snakeroot,

Snakeroot

Root, whole plant

Reserpine, Rescinnamine,
ajmalane

Banned

Bloodroot, Indian Paint

Rhizomes and roots

Sanguinarine, chelerethrin,
sanguirulin, berberine, protopine

Banned

Sabadilla

Seed

Veratrine

Banned

Bulb

Cardiac glycoside

Banned

Whole plant

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Banned

Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel.

Sanguinaria canadensis L.

Schoenocaulon officinale (Schltdl. &

Cham.) A.Gray

Scilla sinensis (Lour.) Merr.

Senecio aureus L.
Senecio jacobaea L.
Senecio bicolor Sch.Bip.
Senecio nemorensis L.
Senecio vulgaris L.
Senecio longilobus Benth.

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ASEAN Guiding Principles for Inclusion into or Exclusion from the

Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

Scientific Name & Photos

Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Ban Status in HS

Bittersweet,
Nightshade

Leaf, flowering tops

Solanaceous alkaloids

Banned

Alkaloids matrine,
cytisine

Banned

Spigeline (a strychinine-like
alkaloid)

Banned

Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham. ex

D.Don

Solanum dulcamara L.
Solanum americanum Mill.
Syn. Solanum nigrum L.

Sophora tomentosa L.

Spigelia marilandica L.

Stephania tetrandra S.Moore

Strophanthus spp.
(all species)
containing strophanthus alkaloids

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Sea coast Laburnum, Silver Bush

Seed

Worm grass, Pinkroot

Whole plant

Fang ji
Fen fang ji
Han fang ji
Stephania-root

Kombe

Whole plant

Whole plant

Aristolochic acid

Strophanthus
alkaloids

Banned

Banned

ASEAN Guiding Principles for Inclusion into or Exclusion from the

Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

Scientific Name & Photos

Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Ban Status in HS

Seed

Strychnine

Banned

Whole plant

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Banned

Whole Plant

Veratrum alkaloids including

veratramine, cyclopamine,
cycloposine, jervine, and
muldamine

Banned

Strychnos nux-vomica L.
Strychnos ignatii P.J. Bergius

Nux-vomica

Strychnos lucida R.Br.

Strychnos roborans A.W.Hill

Symphytum officinale L.
Symphytum asperum Lepech.
Symphytum uplandicum Nyman

Comfrey

Symphytum peregrinum
Ledeb.

Veratrum viride Aiton

Veratrum album L.
Veratrum mengtzeanum O.Loes.
Veratrum nigrum L.
Veratrum stenophyllum Diels
Veratrum maackii Regel

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American Hellebore, Indian Poke,

Indian Hellebore, False Hellebore,
Green False Hellebore, White
Hellebore

ASEAN Guiding Principles for Inclusion into or Exclusion from the

Negative List of Substances for Traditional Medicines and Health
Supplements

Scientific Name & Photos

Common name(s)

Harmful Animal/
Plant Part(s)

Name of Harmful Compound or

Compound Class

Periwinkle, Myrtle

Whole plant

Indole alkaloids: Vincamine,

eburnamenine

Ban Status in HS

Veratrum dahuricum (Turcz.) O.Loes.

Veratrum grandiflorum (Maxim. ex
Miq.) O.Loes.
Veratrum taliense O.Loes.

Vinca minor L.

[Information on the reasons and supporting references is available as a compendium of the negative list.]

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Banned