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    BIO130 Lecture 9

    Uploaded by

    lemonpartyman
    BIO130

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    BIO130 Lecture 9

    Uploaded by

    lemonpartyman
    84 views14 pages
    BIO130

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    BIO130

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    84 views14 pages

    BIO130 Lecture 9

    Uploaded by

    lemonpartyman
    BIO130

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 14

    Translation

    Translation
    Lecture Outline:
    1)) Translation in
    prokaryotes and
    eukaryotes
    2) Quality control
    3) Protein Folding

    Readings:
    Alberts, Ch 6,
    pp.366-390.

    Recall the g
    genetic code

    Codons read as mRNA triplets

    Encoding all 20 amino acids


    Redundancy - with multiple
    codons
    d
    ffor most amino
    i acids
    id
    Figure 6-50 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

    Reading frames define the amino acid sequence

    Figure 6-51 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

    The link between mRNA and protein sequence

    Figure 6-52 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

    How codon redundancy is managed for translation


    Two strategies:
    More than 1 tRNA for
    many amino acids
    Some tRNAs can
    recognize and base pair
    with more than 1 codon

    Figure 6-53 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

    Genetic code: ensuring fidelity

    Two sequential steps in ensuring fidelity:


    th t
    tRNA synthetase
    Base pairing
    Alberts, Figure 6-58

    Genetic code: ensuring fidelity


    tRNA Synthetase
    y

    DNA Polymerase
    y

    Error correction:
    By hydrolytic editing

    Alberts, Figure 6-59

    Recognition of a specific tRNA by its synthetase


    Recognition is achieved
    by:
    Identifying the tRNA
    anticodon nucleotides
    Recognizing the
    nucleotide sequence of the
    acceptor stem
    Reading nucleotide
    sequences at additional
    positions on the tRNA

    Figure 6-60 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

    A schematic of the catalytic process for amino acid addition

    Energy of this covalent linkage


    used for the next aa addition

    Figure 6-61 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

    Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Ribosomes

    Alberts, Figure 6-63

    11

    Ribosomes

    Alberts Figure 6
    Alberts,
    6-62
    62

    Located:
    d l
    i reticulum
    ti l
    on endoplasmic
    in cytosol

    Alberts Figure 6-64d


    Alberts,
    6 64d

    12

    Protein synthesis

    Alberts, Figure 6-66

    13

    Quality control

    Alberts, Figure 6-67

    14

    Quality control
    Small subunit rRNA:
    Forms H bond
    network with
    anticodon/codon

    Alberts, Figure 6-68

    15

    The role of elongation factors


    1) Can ribosomes perform protein synthesis
    without the aid of elongation factors?
    Yes, but.....

    2) Role of elongation factors:


    Improving speed and efficiency
    error checking function

    3) These are mediated by:


    Release of the EF-Tu and GTP hydrolysis

    4) EF-Tu: Binds aminoacyl-tRNA


    5) EF-G: Helps ratchet fwd 1 codon

    16

    The Ribosome is a Ribozyme

    Alberts, Figure 6-69

    17

    Initiation of translation
    Eukaryotes

    Alberts, Figure 6-72


    18

    Initiation of translation
    Eukaryotes

    Alberts, Figure 6-72


    19

    Initiation of translation
    Prokaryotes

    Shine Dalgarno sequence


    In prokaryotes: Shine-Dalgarno
    Multiple sites of initiation
    Alberts, Figure 6-73

    20

    Termination of translation

    Alberts, Figure 6-74

    21

    Termination of translation
    Human translation
    release factor:
    molecular mimicry
    p
    protein,, not tRNA

    Release Factor

    tRNA
    Alberts, Figure 6-75

    22

    Polyribosomes / polysomes
    Protein
    synthesis:
    Relatively
    slow
    Typical spacing:
    Every 80 nucl

    Alberts, Figure 6-76

    Antibiotics Modes of Action

    Table 6-4 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008)

    23

    Antibiotics

    Alberts, Figure 6-79

    25

    Protein folding

    Co translationally
    Occurs Co-translationally
    Alberts, Figure 6-84

    26

    Protein
    folding
    Examples of
    molecular
    chaperones:
    Hsp60
    Hsp70
    Alberts, Figure 6-85

    27

    THE VERY END


    Thank You !!

    28

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