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    Refractometer FG Results SeanTerrill

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    mick
    The document describes the results of a study analyzing different methods for correlating refractometer readings to final gravity (FG) measurements in beer. Data was collected from eight brewers testing various beers. Existing correlations were found to underestimate FG, especially for low-attenuating beers below 50% attenuation. Two new correlation formulas are presented: a cubic equation and linear equation. Statistical analysis showed the new correlations provide accuracy comparable to hydrometers and are more accurate than the existing correlation, especially for typical beers. The author updated a spreadsheet to include the new correlations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Refractometer FG Results SeanTerrill

    Uploaded by

    mick
    81 views3 pages
    The document describes the results of a study analyzing different methods for correlating refractometer readings to final gravity (FG) measurements in beer. Data was collected from eight brewers testing various beers. Existing correlations were found to underestimate FG, especially for low-attenuating beers below 50% attenuation. Two new correlation formulas are presented: a cubic equation and linear equation. Statistical analysis showed the new correlations provide accuracy comparable to hydrometers and are more accurate than the existing correlation, especially for typical beers. The author updated a spreadsheet to include the new correlations.

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    Refractometer FG Results « SeanTerrill

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    Refractometer FG Results « SeanTerrill

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    The document describes the results of a study analyzing different methods for correlating refractometer readings to final gravity (FG) measurements in beer. Data was collected from eight brewers testing various beers. Existing correlations were found to underestimate FG, especially for low-attenuating beers below 50% attenuation. Two new correlation formulas are presented: a cubic equation and linear equation. Statistical analysis showed the new correlations provide accuracy comparable to hydrometers and are more accurate than the existing correlation, especially for typical beers. The author updated a spreadsheet to include the new correlations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    81 views3 pages

    Refractometer FG Results SeanTerrill

    Uploaded by

    mick
    The document describes the results of a study analyzing different methods for correlating refractometer readings to final gravity (FG) measurements in beer. Data was collected from eight brewers testing various beers. Existing correlations were found to underestimate FG, especially for low-attenuating beers below 50% attenuation. Two new correlation formulas are presented: a cubic equation and linear equation. Statistical analysis showed the new correlations provide accuracy comparable to hydrometers and are more accurate than the existing correlation, especially for typical beers. The author updated a spreadsheet to include the new correlations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    8/30/2016

    RefractometerFGResultsSeanTerrill.com

    DryYeastViability

    Zymurgy

    RefractometerFGResults
    LasttimeIwroteaboutrefractometryinbrewing,IhaddevelopedacorrelationfordeterminingFGsfromrefractometerreadingsthat,inmyownbrewing,seemedtobe
    animprovementonthecorrelationusedin(tothebestofmyknowledge)allcontemporarybrewingsoftware,spreadsheets,etc.Atotalofeightbrewerinstrumentpairs
    contributedadditionaldataforanalysis:sixvolunteersinadditiontomyself,usingbothmyowninstrumentsandthoseatthebrewery.Thedatasubmittedincludedfour
    beerswithverylowattenuations,whichImsomewhatarbitrarilydefiningasanythingbelow50%RDF(61%ADF).Neithertheoldnornewcorrelationsgaveresults
    evenclosetothemeasuredFGvalues.Iattemptedtoincorporatethesebeersintothecorrelation,butwasunabletomaintainaccuracyformoretypicalwortswhile
    doingso.Removingthosebeersfromthedataresultsin68independenttriplets,whichwereusedtocomparethestandardrefractometercorrelationtotwocurvesfit
    usingthesametwelvedatapointsasbefore.First,asimplifiedcubic:
    FG=1.00000.0044993*RIi+0.011774*RIf+0.00027581*RIi0.0012717*RIf0.0000072800*RIi+0.000063293*RIf
    Andalinearpolynomial:
    FG=1.00000.00085683*RIi+0.0034941*RIf

    Astatisticalanalysisoftheresultsmakesitclearjusthowinadequatetheoriginalcorrelationwas:itconsistentlyunderestimatestheFG,albeitnotasmuchasinmy
    ownbrewing.Iassumethatsduetotheaverageattenuationinthecompletedataset(62%RDF)beingclosertothetypicalvaluesassumedbytheoldcorrelation,asI
    notedinmyfirstpostonthesubject.Itisalsonoticeablylessprecisethaneventherelativelypoortriplescalehydrometersusedbymosthomebrewers,letalone
    onedesignedforFGreadings.Interestingly,thelinearcorrelationismoreaccuratethanthecubic,albeitslightlylessprecise.Bothcomparefavorablytoaconsumer
    gradehydrometerwhichwithperfectusecouldpotentiallybereadto0.0005SG.
    Ifinditalittleeasiertounderstandwhenthedataarepresentedgraphically:

    http://seanterrill.com/2011/04/07/refractometerfgresults/

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    RefractometerFGResultsSeanTerrill.com

    Soitseemsthatwiththeexceptionofverylowattenuatingwortseitherofthenewcorrelationscanprovideaccuracyandprecisiononparwiththeconsumergrade
    hydrometerstypicallyusedbyhomebrewers.Inasituationwhereanewcorrelationwasbeingsubstitutedfortheoldone,thecubicfitmaybepreferablesinceitonly
    requiresthecoefficientstobealtered.Otherwise,inmyopinion,thelinearfitprovideswhollyacceptableresults.Asalways,though,yourmileagemayvary.Insituations
    wheretheFGneedstobeknownprecisely,testingwithaproperlycalibratedprecisionhydrometerremainsthebestoption.
    IveupdatedmyFGpredictionspreadsheettoversion3.0,which,inadditiontothetwonewcorrelations,incorporatesamoreaccurateBrixtoOGconversion,and
    revertsthedefaultwortcorrectionfactorto1.04,whichwouldseemtobemoretypicalfortheoveralldataset.Downloadlinksarebelow.
    Finally,IdliketothankDave,Enid,Gustav,James,Kai,andScottforrecordingandsharingtheirdata.

    Update:06Jan2012
    Ive(finally)writtenaPHPversionofthebasicFGcalculation,sothatpeoplecanuseitwithoutdownloadingthespreadsheet.

    Spreadsheetdownload:
    fg_calculator_v3.0.ods|fg_calculator_v3.0.xls
    07Apr2011,15:20|Tags:booze,math,physics|Category:Brewing|67comments|

    67commentstoRefractometerFGResults
    http://seanterrill.com/2011/04/07/refractometerfgresults/

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    67commentstoRefractometerFGResults

    RefractometerFGResultsSeanTerrill.com

    OlderComments 1 2

    ProcessLockdown:EquipmentListBrewingMagnumOpus
    13Apr2016at19:59Reply

    [...]acorrelationstudyperformedbySeanTerrellonusingaRefractometerformeasuringFG(SeanTerrel).ItusesalotofmaththatIwouldhavetroublefollowingif
    Iwasdoingitonpaper.Ifit[...]

    David

    8Aug2016at19:14Reply
    Thisappearstobeawonderfultool,ImawinemakerwhohasalwaysusedahydrometerformeasuringtheOGandFG(withalcohol).Iverecentlypurchaseda
    refractometerhopingtobecomemoreacurateandrefinemyprocesses.Therefractometerseemstohavemuddiedthewatersorcausedmyconfussion.Willthe
    formualsworkwithwineaswell?
    Mywineexample,IhaveaFGwithalcoholwhichreads1.013withmyhydrometer,howevermyrefractometerreads11%Brixandwhenconvertedusingothersites
    itputtheFGat1.004.Yournumbersappearclosetomyactualnumbers.Willtheyworkwithfinishedwine?
    Thankyou,

    webmaster

    23Aug2016at11:03Reply
    David,
    Havingnottestedthecorrelationonanywines,Icantgiveadefinitiveanswer.Iveheardthattheoldcorrelationwasdevelopedoriginallyforvintners,but
    yourattenuationlevelisclosertoatypicalbeer.Idguessthatinthatrangethenewcorrelationwouldgivebetterresults,butthatitwontworkaswellfordry
    wines.Hopethathelps.
    Sean

    OlderComments 1 2

    http://seanterrill.com/2011/04/07/refractometerfgresults/

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