Iasbaba Prelims 60 Days: (Day 6)

IASbaba Prelims 60 Days: [DAY 6]
Q.1) Consider the following about Global Environment Facility (GEF)

It serves as financial mechanism for?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
Montreal Protocol
UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
Minamata Convention on Mercury
Select the correct code

a)
b)
c)
d)
2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
2, 4 and 5
1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
1, 2, 3, 5 and 6
Q.1) Solution (d)

The GEF serves as financial mechanism for the following conventions:
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
Minamata Convention on Mercury
Source- Picked from India Year Book, Chapter on Environment (Global Environment Facility)
Q.2) Consider the following

1. International Day for Biological Diversity is celebrated on 29th December
2. It is held on December 29 to celebrate the day the Convention on Biological
Diversity went into effect.
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a)
b)
c)
d)
Only 1
Only 2
Both
None
Q.2) Solution (d)

It is now celebrated on 22nd May. Earlier it was celebrated on 29th December until 2000. Since
then it is celebrated on 22nd May to commemorate the adoption of the Convention on May 22,
1992 at the Rio Earth Summit.
http://www.business-standard.com/article/government-press-release/biodiversity-forsustainable-development-environment-minister-s-message-on-international-day115052200177_1.html

1. Nagoya Protocol came into force before Cartagena Protocol
2. Nagoya Protocol comes under Convention on Biological Diversity
3. The Nagoya Protocol on Biosafety is an international agreement on biosafety as a
supplement to the Convention on Biological Diversity
a)
b)
c)
d)
Only 1
Only 2
1 and 3
1, 2 and 3
Q.3) Solution (b)

Source- Picked from India Year Book, Chapter on Environment (CBD)
Nagoya Protocol came into force in 2014 while Cartagena in 2003
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Q.4) National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) is

1. An autonomous organization
2. A statutory organization
3. A regulatory organization
a)
b)
c)
d)
1 and 2
Only 2
2 and 3
1, 2 and 3
Q.4) Solution (d)

The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 came into force in 2003. The Act extents to the whole of
India. The objectives of the Act are conservation, sustainable utilization and fair and equitable
sharing of benefits arising out of the use of biological resources and associated knowledge. The
Act is being implemented in a three-tiered institutional structure. The NBA is a body corporate
established in accordance with the provisions of Section 8 of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002,
at Chennai in 2003. It is an autonomous, statutory and regulatory organization which is
intended to implement the provisions of Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
Source- Picked from India Year Book, Chapter on Environment (NBA)
Q.5) Consider the following statements regarding Mangroves

1. India accounts for nearly 10% of worlds mangrove vegetation
2. There has been a net decreases in the mangrove cover of India over last few years
3. Andhra Pradesh has more mangrove cover than Gujarat
a) Only 1
b) 1 and 2
c) 1, 2 and 3
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d) None
Q.5) Solution (d)

India accounts for nearly 3 % of worlds mangrove vegetation
There has been a net increase in the mangrove cover of India over last few years (latest
assessment in 2015 has more mangrove cover than assessment of 2013)
Andhra Pradesh (367 km2) has lesser mangrove cover than Gujarat ( 1107 km2)
Source- Picked from India Year Book, Chapter on Environment (Mangroves) and Indian State of
Forest Report, 2015
http://fsi.nic.in/isfr-2015/isfr-2015-mangrove-cover.pdf
Q.6) According to Ramsar Convention definition of Wetland includes

1. Area that is saturated with water permanently
2. Areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed eight metres
a)
b)
c)
d)
Only 1
Only 2
Both
None
Q.6) Solution (a)

Under the Ramsar international wetland conservation treaty, wetlands are defined as follows:
"...wetlands are areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent
or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of
marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six metres."
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"[Wetlands] may incorporate riparian and coastal zones adjacent to the wetlands,
and islands or bodies of marine water deeper than six metres at low tide lying within the
wetlands."
Q.7) Consider the following w.r.t Ecotones and Ecoclines

1. an ecocline describes a variation in species prevalence and is often not strictly
dependent on a major physical factor separating an ecosystem from another, with
resulting habitat variability.
2. an ecotone is a variation of the physicochemical environment dependent of one or two
physico-chemical factors of life, and thus presence/absence of certain species.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Only 1
Only 2
Both
None
Q.7) Solution (d)

Definition is interchanged.
Q.8) Consider the following regarding Keystone Species

1. Keystone species have lower levels of biomass in the trophic pyramid relative to the
importance of their role.
2. Sea Otters are example of keystone species
a)
b)
c)
d)
Only 1
Only 2
Both
None
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Q.8) Solution (c)
http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/explore/age-of-extinction/article7433560.ece
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystone_species#Examples
Q.9) Consider the following regarding Fly Ash

1. It is used as a fertilizer
2. It can be used in soil stabilization
3. It is used as a replacement for Portland cement in concrete.
a)
b)
c)
d)
2 and 3
1 and 2
Only 3
1, 2 and 3
Q.9) Solution (d)

All are correct
Source- Reference picked from India Year Book- Environment (Fly Ash Utilization)
Q.10) Electronic waste or e-waste describes discarded electrical or electronic devices.

Consider the following regarding E- waste
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Beryllium
Cadmium
Gold
Lithium
Uranium
Silver
Which of the above are found in e-waste?

a) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
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b) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6
c) 1, 2, 3 and 4
d) 1, 2 and 4
Q.10) Solution (b)

Except Uranium which is radioactive, all of the above are found in e-waste.
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has recently notified the E-Waste
Management Rules, 2016 in supersession of the e-waste (Management & Handling) Rules,
2011.
http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=138319
http://www.fastcoexist.com/3050542/the-gold-and-silver-and-more-in-our-e-waste-is-worthbillions-of-dollars
http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/ewaste-can-produce-more-gold-andsilver-than-mining/article8104059.ece
Q.11) Consider the following statements:

1. Eurythermal organisms can tolerate and thrive in wide range of temperature.
2. Warm blooded animals can maintain a constant body temperature even when the
surrounding temperature is changing.
3. Stenothermal organisms are restricted to a small range of temperature.
4. Cold blooded animals generally hibernate to protect themselves from extreme climatic
conditions.
Which of the above statements are correct:
a)
b)
c)
d)
1 and 3
2 and 4
All of the above
None of the above
Q.11) Solution (c)

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Self explanatory. (Class XII NCERT)
Q.12) In Equatorial rainforest, the undergrowth on the floor is very less. The correct reason
behind this is:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Very less sunlight reaches the ground for survival of plants due to thick canopies.
The hardwood trees excrete toxic resins which do not allow the plants to grow.
Due to high population of herbivorous species.
The soil of rainforest is less fertile due to heavy leaching of minerals.
Q.12) Solution (a)

Equatorial rain forests have thick canopy cover which does not allow the sunlight to reach the
floor. There is stiff competition to between the trees to catch the maximum sunlight. Due to
this there is very little undergrowth.
Q.13) Which of the following statements are correct about life processes of plants.
1. The process of making of food with the help of photosynthesis takes place only during
the day.
2. The process of respiration takes place during day and night both.
Which of the above statements are incorrect:
a)
b)
c)
d)
1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
Q.13) Solution (a)

The plants prepare their own food by the process of photosynthesis. The process has two
phases, the light reaction and the dark reaction. The light reaction takes place in the presence
of sunlight, while the dark reaction does not require light and continues both during day and
night. The byproduct of photosynthesis is Oxygen gas.
The plants burn their food to produce energy for their survival. This process is respiration. The
plants take in O2 and release CO2. Since light reaction does not take place during night, the
respiration dominates. Thats why it is not wise to sleep under a tree at night as it releases a lot
of Carbon dioxide.
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1. Despite various external conditions, the organisms maintain constant internal
environment like temperature and osmotic pressure. This process is called Homeostasis.
2. During winters the human body shivers to generate heat and maintain the body
temperature of 37oC.
3. During summers the body sweats profusely to maintain the temperature.
4. Plants also have the same mechanism as animals to maintain homeostasis.
a)
b)
c)
d)
1 only
1,2 and 3
1, 3 and 4
All of the above
Q.14) Solution (b)

The organism should try to maintain the constancy of its internal environment (a process called
homeostasis) despite varying external environmental conditions that tend to upset its
homeostasis.
Some organisms are able to maintain homeostasis by physiological (sometimes behavioural
also) means which ensures constant body temperature, constant osmotic concentration, etc. All
birds and mammals, and a very few lower vertebrate and invertebrate species are indeed
capable of such regulation (thermoregulation and osmoregulation). Evolutionary biologists
believe that the success of mammals is largely due to their ability to maintain a constant body
temperature and thrive whether they live in Antarctica or in the Sahara desert.
The mechanisms used by most mammals to regulate their body temperature are similar to the
ones that we humans use. We maintain a constant body temperature of 370C. In summer,
when outside temperature is more than our body temperature, we sweat profusely. The
resulting evaporative cooling, similar to what happens with a desert cooler in operation, brings
down the body temperature. In winter when the temperature is much lower than 370C, we
start to shiver, a kind of exercise which produces heat and raises the body temperature.
Plants, on the other hand, do not have such mechanisms to maintain internal temperatures.
Q.15) Which of the following statements are correct about Keoladeo National Park.
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1. It is a man-made and man-managed wetland.
2. It is famous for migratory birds which come to visit the park during winters.
3. It is a World Heritage Site.
Select the code from the following:
a)
b)
c)
d)
1 and 2
2 and 3
1 and 3
All of the above
Q.15) Solution (d)

Keoladeo Ghana National Park formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary in Bharatpur,
Rajasthan, India is a famous avifauna sanctuary that hosts thousands of birds, especially during
the winter season. It is a man-made and man-managed wetland and also a World Heritage Site.

1. The exchange of air (breathing) in plants takes place only through stomata present in
the leaves.
2. Many desert plants have their stomata in deep pits to minimize water loss by
evaporation.
3. Desert plants have a mechanism that their stomata remain closed during day time.
Which of the above statements are incorrect:
a)
b)
c)
d)
1 and 2
2 and 3
1 and 3
None of the above
Q.16) Solution (a)

Apart from stomata plants and trees also breathe through lenticles, which are small pores
present on their stem.
Many desert plants have their stomata in deep pits to minimize water loss by transpiration and
not evaporation.
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Q.17) At higher elevations, people generally have breathing problems due to low pressure
and lack of oxygen. This is called altitude sickness. Soon the body acclimatise this situation
and and breathing becomes normal. Which of the following functions does the body take to
adapt to this situation:
1. The body increases red blood cell production.
2. Body decreases the binding capacity of hemoglobin.
3. Body increases the breathing rate.
Select the correct code from the following:
a)
b)
c)
d)
1 only
2 and 3
1 and 3
All of the above
Q.17) Solution (d)

At higher altitude people experience altitude sickness. Its symptoms include nausea, fatigue
and heart palpitations. This is because of low atmospheric pressure, the body doesnt get
enough oxygen. But gradually one gets acclimatized as body compensates low oxygen
availability by producing more red blood cells, decreasing the binding capacity of hemoglobin
and by increasing breathing rate. (NCERT XII Biology)

1. Detrivores like earthworm, breakdown detritus into smaller particles. This process is
called fragmentation.
2. Bacterial and fungal enzymes degrade detritus into simpler inorganic substances. This
process is called as catabolism.
a)
b)
c)
d)
1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
Q.18) Solution (c)
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Detritivores (e.g., earthworm) break down detritus into smaller particles. This process is called
fragmentation. By the process of leaching, watersoluble inorganic nutrients go down into the
soil horizon and get precipitated as unavailable salts. Bacterial and fungal enzymes degrade
detritus into simpler inorganic substances. This process is called as catabolism.
Q.19) Consider the following statements regarding Humus:

1. Humus is a finely divided partially decomposed organic material in soil, whose origin
cannot be traced by looking at it.
2. Humus is colloidal and helps in binding minerals in the top soil and making them
available to the roots of trees.
3. It is highly resistant to microbial action and decomposes at a very slow rate.
a)
b)
c)
d)
1 and 2
2 and 3
1 and 3
All of the above
Q.19) Solution (d)

Humification leads to accumulation of a dark coloured amorphous substance called humus that
is highly resistant to microbial action and undergoes decomposition at an extremely slow rate.
Being colloidal in nature it serves as a reservoir of nutrients. The humus is further degraded by
some microbes and release of inorganic nutrients occur by the process known as
mineralisation.
Q.20) Consider the following statements regarding energy flow from one tropic level to other
tropic level:
1. The energy flow is always unidirectional, i.e. from lower tropic level to higher tropic
level.
2. The energy transfer in tropic levels follows a 10% law, i.e. only 10 percent energy is
transferred from lower tropic level to the next tropic level.
a)
b)
c)
d)
1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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Q.20) Solution (c)
Refer Biology Class XII NCERT, chapter 14
Q.21) The ordinance making power of president lies with which of the following articles of
Indian constitution
a)
b)
c)
d)
Article 122
Article 123
Article 124
Article 125
Q.21) Solution (b)
Self explanatory
Q.22) Anuradhapura is an ancient Buddhist town found in which of the following country
a)
b)
c)
d)
Thailand
Sri Lanka
Cambodia
Nepal
Q.22) Solution (b)
Anuradhapura is a ancient Buddhist site in Sri Lanka which was famous during the time
of Ashoka. Ashoka sent his emissarys to propagate Buddhism in Sri Lanka. Buddhas
relics can also be found in this place. PM modi visited Anuradhapura when he made a
trip to Sri Lanka last time.
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1. Algae prepare food by the process of photosynthesis

2. Plants can synthesise not only carbohydrates but also proteins and fats
3. All plants are autotrophs
Which of the statements is true with respect to plants and algae
a)
b)
c)
d)
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
All the above
Q.23) solution (a)
Not all plants are autotrophs. Plants like nephanthesis, picture plants are dependent on
other organisms for food and their survival.
1. Copper Anaemia
2. Vitamin B1 Beri Beri
3. Vitamin C Scurvy
Which of the above mineral deficiency and its disorder is rightly matched
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
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c) 1 and 3 only
d) All the above
Q.24) Solution (b)
Anaemia is caused by deficiency of iron and not by copper.
Q.25) Which of the following statements with respect to e Sahayog is correct
a) It is launched by the ministry of heavy industries to facilitate production of capital goods

b) It is launched by ministry of consumer affairs to facilitate new start ups in the area of
supply chain management
c) Launched by ministry of finance to facilitate taxpayers
d) Launched by law ministry to facilitate e filing of cases
Q.25) Solution (c)
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IASbaba Prelims 60 Days: [DAY 6]

Q.1) Consider the following about Global Environment Facility (GEF)

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

Select the correct code

Q.1) Solution (d)

Q.2) Consider the following