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    Collapsed Lungs

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    Jayson Montemayor
    A collapsed lung, or pneumothorax, occurs when air escapes from the lung and fills the space between the lung and chest wall, putting pressure on the lung and preventing it from fully expanding. Symptoms include a sharp chest pain made worse by breathing in, breathlessness, rapid breathing, and a bluish skin color from lack of oxygen. A collapsed lung can be caused by lung injuries, changes in air pressure, or spontaneously in some cases. Diagnosis involves listening to the lungs, chest x-rays, and other tests. Treatment ranges from watchful waiting to inserting a chest tube or surgery depending on the severity and cause of the pneumothorax.

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    Collapsed Lungs

    Uploaded by

    Jayson Montemayor
    48 views3 pages
    A collapsed lung, or pneumothorax, occurs when air escapes from the lung and fills the space between the lung and chest wall, putting pressure on the lung and preventing it from fully expanding. Symptoms include a sharp chest pain made worse by breathing in, breathlessness, rapid breathing, and a bluish skin color from lack of oxygen. A collapsed lung can be caused by lung injuries, changes in air pressure, or spontaneously in some cases. Diagnosis involves listening to the lungs, chest x-rays, and other tests. Treatment ranges from watchful waiting to inserting a chest tube or surgery depending on the severity and cause of the pneumothorax.

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    A collapsed lung, or pneumothorax, occurs when air escapes from the lung and fills the space between the lung and chest wall, putting pressure on the lung and preventing it from fully expanding. Symptoms include a sharp chest pain made worse by breathing in, breathlessness, rapid breathing, and a bluish skin color from lack of oxygen. A collapsed lung can be caused by lung injuries, changes in air pressure, or spontaneously in some cases. Diagnosis involves listening to the lungs, chest x-rays, and other tests. Treatment ranges from watchful waiting to inserting a chest tube or surgery depending on the severity and cause of the pneumothorax.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    48 views3 pages

    Collapsed Lungs

    Uploaded by

    Jayson Montemayor
    A collapsed lung, or pneumothorax, occurs when air escapes from the lung and fills the space between the lung and chest wall, putting pressure on the lung and preventing it from fully expanding. Symptoms include a sharp chest pain made worse by breathing in, breathlessness, rapid breathing, and a bluish skin color from lack of oxygen. A collapsed lung can be caused by lung injuries, changes in air pressure, or spontaneously in some cases. Diagnosis involves listening to the lungs, chest x-rays, and other tests. Treatment ranges from watchful waiting to inserting a chest tube or surgery depending on the severity and cause of the pneumothorax.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Collapsed Lungs (PNEUMOTHORAX)

    A collapsed lung occurs when air escapes from the lung. The air then fills the space
    outside of the lung, between the lung and chest wall. This buildup of air puts pressure
    on the lung, so it cannot expand as much as it normally does when you take a breath.

    Signs & Symptoms


    1. Typical symptom is a sharp, stabbing pain on one side of the chest, which suddenly
    develops.
    2.

    The pain is usually made worse by breathing in (inspiration).

    3.

    You may become breathless. As a rule, the larger the pneumothorax, the more
    breathless you become.

    4.

    Tachypnea abnormal rapid breathing

    5.
    6.

    Respiratory distress (considered a universal finding) or respiratory arrest


    Bluish color of the skin due to lack of oxygen

    Causes
    Collapsed lung can be caused by an injury to the lung. Injuries can include a gunshot or
    knife wound to the chest, rib fracture, or certain medical procedures.
    In some cases, a collapsed lung is caused by air blisters (blebs) that break open,
    sending air into the space around the lung. This can result from air pressure changes
    such as when scuba diving or traveling to a high altitude.
    In some cases, a collapsed lung occurs without any cause. This is called a spontaneous
    collapsed lung.

    Diagnostics Examinations
    1. Lungs Auscultation

    Asymmetric lung expansion: Mediastinal and tracheal shift to contralateral side


    (large tension pneumothorax)
    Distant or absent breath sounds: Unilaterally decreased/absent lung sounds
    common, but decreased air entry may be absent even in advanced state of
    pneumothorax
    Decreased Tactile Fremitus- is a vibration transmitted through the body.[1] In
    common medical usage, it usually refers to assessment of the lungs by either the
    vibration intensity felt on the chest wall (tactile fremitus) and/or heard by a
    stethoscope on the chest wall with certain spoken words (vocal fremitus),
    although there are several other types.

    Adventitious lung sounds: Ipsilateral crackles, wheezes


    2. Cardiovascular findings may include the following:
    Tachycardia: faster than 135 beats/min
    Pulsus paradoxus- is an abnormally large decrease in systolic blood pressure and
    pulse wave amplitude during inspiration.
    Hypotension: Inconsistently present finding; although typically considered a key sign of
    tension pneumothorax, hypotension can be delayed until its appearance immediately
    precedes cardiovascular collapse
    Jugular venous distention: Generally seen in tension pneumothorax; may be absent if
    hypotension is severe.
    3. Chest Radiography
    4. Chest computed tomography scanning: Most reliable imaging study for diagnosis of
    pneumothorax but not recommended for routine use in pneumothorax
    5. Arterial blood gas (ABG)

    Management
    The range of medical therapeutic options for pneumothorax includes the following:

    Watchful waiting, with or without supplemental oxygen

    Simple aspiration
    Chest tube

    Surgery
    If the patient has had repeated episodes of pneumothorax or if the lung remains
    unexpanded after 5 days with a chest tube in place, operative therapy such as the
    following may be necessary:

    Thoracoscopy: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)


    Electrocautery: Pleurodesis or sclerotherapy
    Laser treatment
    Resection of blebs or pleura
    Open thoracotomy

    Pharmacotherapy
    The following medications may be used to aid in the management of patients with
    pneumothorax:

    Local anesthetics (eg, lidocaine hydrochloride)


    Opioid anesthetics (eg, fentanyl citrate, morphine)
    Benzodiazepines (eg, midazolam, lorazepam)
    Antibiotics (eg, doxycycline, cefazolin)

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