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    Non-Hydrocarbon - Esters: RCOOR Where R and R Represented The Same or Different Alkyl Groups

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    cikgu ayu
    Esters are non-hydrocarbon compounds with the general formula RCOOR' that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are formed through a condensation reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, with the alcohol contributing one alkyl group and the carboxylic acid contributing the other through dehydration. Esters have characteristic sweet smells and are commonly found in fruits and flowers. They are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents and are less dense than water. Esters have various uses including in cosmetics, perfumes, food flavorings, plastics, fabrics, soaps, and detergents.

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    Non-Hydrocarbon - Esters: RCOOR Where R and R Represented The Same or Different Alkyl Groups

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    cikgu ayu
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    Esters are non-hydrocarbon compounds with the general formula RCOOR' that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are formed through a condensation reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, with the alcohol contributing one alkyl group and the carboxylic acid contributing the other through dehydration. Esters have characteristic sweet smells and are commonly found in fruits and flowers. They are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents and are less dense than water. Esters have various uses including in cosmetics, perfumes, food flavorings, plastics, fabrics, soaps, and detergents.

    Original Description:

    SPM notes

    Original Title

    Ester

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    Esters are non-hydrocarbon compounds with the general formula RCOOR' that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are formed through a condensation reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, with the alcohol contributing one alkyl group and the carboxylic acid contributing the other through dehydration. Esters have characteristic sweet smells and are commonly found in fruits and flowers. They are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents and are less dense than water. Esters have various uses including in cosmetics, perfumes, food flavorings, plastics, fabrics, soaps, and detergents.

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    46 views2 pages

    Non-Hydrocarbon - Esters: RCOOR Where R and R Represented The Same or Different Alkyl Groups

    Uploaded by

    cikgu ayu
    Esters are non-hydrocarbon compounds with the general formula RCOOR' that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are formed through a condensation reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, with the alcohol contributing one alkyl group and the carboxylic acid contributing the other through dehydration. Esters have characteristic sweet smells and are commonly found in fruits and flowers. They are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents and are less dense than water. Esters have various uses including in cosmetics, perfumes, food flavorings, plastics, fabrics, soaps, and detergents.

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    SPM Form 5 Terminology and Concepts: Carbon Compounds (Part 7)

    Non-Hydrocarbon Esters
    1. General formula: CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1
    Where n = 0, 1, 2, 3 and m = 1, 2, 3 (n and m = number of carbon)
    RCOOR where R and R represented the same or different alkyl groups.
    2. Esters are non-hydrocarbons which contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
    3. The functional group in ester is carboxylate group, COO -.
    CnH2n+1COOH + CmH2m+1OH > CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1 + H2O

    First part: taken from the alcohol (alkyl group)


    Second part: taken from the carboxylic acid (-oic to -oate)

    Name of ester
    Ethyl methanoate
    Methyl ethanoate
    Propyl ethanoate
    Ethyl propanoate

    Molecular formula of
    ester
    HCOOC2H5
    CH3COOCH3
    CH3COOC3H7
    C2H5COOC2H5

    Prepared from
    Ethanol + Methanoic acid
    Methanol + Ethanoic acid
    Propanol + Ethanoic acid
    Ethanol + Propanoic acid

    4. Physical properties of ester


    Name
    Odour
    3-metylbutyl acetate Banana
    Ethyl butanoate
    Pineapple
    Octyl ethanoate
    Orange
    Isoamyl isovalerate
    Apple
    Simple esters are colourless liquid and are found in fruits and flowers.
    Esters have sweet pleasant smell.

    Esters are covalent compounds.

    Esters are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvent.

    Esters are less dense than water.

    Esters are neutral and cannot conduct electricity.

    The higher and more complex esters have higher boiling points and less volatile.

    Natural sources:

    Vegetable oils (palm oil) and liquids esters can be found in plants derived from
    glycerol and fatty acids.
    Fats are solid esters (milk fat) derived from glycerol and fatty acids.

    Waxes (beewax) are solid ester derived from long-chain fatty acids and long-chain
    alcohols.

    5. Uses of Esters

    Preparation of cosmetics and perfumes (esters are volatile and have sweet smell).
    Synthetic esters used as food additives (artificial flavour).

    Natural esters serves as storage reserve of energy in living things.

    In plant, wax (esters) helps to prevent dehydration and attack of microorganisms.

    Esters used as solvents for glue and varnishes.

    Esters used to make plastics softer.

    Esters used to produce polyester (threads and synthetics fabrics)

    Esters used to produce soap and detergents.

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