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    Peaty and Marshy Soils

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    Mithil Mogare
    This document discusses different types of problematic soils in India, including saline/alkaline soils, peaty/marshy soils, and desert soils. Saline/alkaline soils occupy 68,000 sq km across several northern states and are known by names like reh and kallar. Peaty soils high in organic matter are found in Kerala. Desert soils cover large areas of Gujarat and Rajasthan and consist mainly of wind-blown sand, limiting agricultural growth without irrigation. Proper irrigation could reclaim some of these soils for farming.

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    Peaty and Marshy Soils

    Uploaded by

    Mithil Mogare
    58 views2 pages
    This document discusses different types of problematic soils in India, including saline/alkaline soils, peaty/marshy soils, and desert soils. Saline/alkaline soils occupy 68,000 sq km across several northern states and are known by names like reh and kallar. Peaty soils high in organic matter are found in Kerala. Desert soils cover large areas of Gujarat and Rajasthan and consist mainly of wind-blown sand, limiting agricultural growth without irrigation. Proper irrigation could reclaim some of these soils for farming.

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    This document discusses different types of problematic soils in India, including saline/alkaline soils, peaty/marshy soils, and desert soils. Saline/alkaline soils occupy 68,000 sq km across several northern states and are known by names like reh and kallar. Peaty soils high in organic matter are found in Kerala. Desert soils cover large areas of Gujarat and Rajasthan and consist mainly of wind-blown sand, limiting agricultural growth without irrigation. Proper irrigation could reclaim some of these soils for farming.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    58 views2 pages

    Peaty and Marshy Soils

    Uploaded by

    Mithil Mogare
    This document discusses different types of problematic soils in India, including saline/alkaline soils, peaty/marshy soils, and desert soils. Saline/alkaline soils occupy 68,000 sq km across several northern states and are known by names like reh and kallar. Peaty soils high in organic matter are found in Kerala. Desert soils cover large areas of Gujarat and Rajasthan and consist mainly of wind-blown sand, limiting agricultural growth without irrigation. Proper irrigation could reclaim some of these soils for farming.

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    There are many undecomposed rock and mineral fragments which on weathering liberate

    sodium, magnesium and calcium salts and sulphurous acid. Some of the salts are transported
    in solution by the rivers, which percolate in the sub-soils of the plains.
    In canal irrigated areas and in areas of high sub-soil water table, the injurious salts are
    transferred from below to the top soil by the capillary action as a result of evaporation in dry
    season. The accumulation of these salts makes the soil infertile and renders it unfit for
    agriculture.
    It has been estimated that about 1.25 million hectares of land in Uttar Pradesh and 1.21
    million hectares in Punjab has been affected by usar. In Gujarat, the area round the Gulf of
    Khambhat is affected by the sea tides carrying salt-laden deposits. Vast areas comprising the
    estuaries of the Narmada, the Tapi, the Mahi and the Sabarmati have thus become infertile.

    8. Peaty and Marshy Soils:


    Peaty soils originate in humid regions as a result of accumulation of large amounts of organic
    matter in the soils. These soils contain considerable amount of soluble salts and 10-40 per
    cent of organic matter. Soils belonging to this group are found in Kottayam and Alappuzha
    districts of Kerala where it is called kari.
    The Rann of Kuchchh in Gujarat is an extension of this desert. This area is covered by a
    mantle of sand which inhibits soil growth. This sand has originated from the mechanical
    disintegration of the ground rocks or is blown from the Indus basin and the coast by the
    prevailing south-west monsoon winds. Barren sandy soils without clay factor are also
    common in coastal regions of Orissa, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The desert soils consist of
    aeolian sand (90 to 95 per cent) and clay (5 to 10 per cent).
    Some of these soils contain high percentages of soluble salts, are alkaline with varying degree
    of calcium carbonate and are poor in organic matter. Over large parts, the calcium content
    increases downwards and in certain areas the subsoil has ten times calcium as compared to
    that of the top soil.
    The phosphate content of these soils is as high as in normal alluvial soils. Nitrogen is
    originally low but its deficiency is made up to some extent by the availability of nitrogen in
    the form of nitrates. Thus, the presence of phosphates and nitrates make them fertile soils
    wherever moisture is available.
    There is, therefore, great possibility of reclaiming these soils if proper irrigation facilities are
    available. The changes in the cropping pattern in the Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area are
    a living example of the utility of the desert soils. However, in large areas of desert soils, only
    the drought resistant and salt tolerant crops such as barley, rape, cotton, wheat, millets, maize
    and pulses are grown. Consequently, these soils support a low density of population.

    7. Saline and Alkaline Soils:


    These soils are found in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. In the drier parts of Bihar, Uttar
    Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and Maharashtra, there are salt-impregnated or alkaline
    soils occupying 68,000 sq km of area. These soils are liable to saline and alkaline

    efflorescences and are known by different names such as reh, kallar, usar, thur, rakar, karl
    and chopan.

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