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    Week 16

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    This document provides an overview of the steps involved in writing a research report. It begins by discussing choosing an appropriate topic that is interesting, relevant and manageable. It emphasizes formulating a clear thesis statement to guide the research. The document then outlines the typical parts of a research report, including the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, recommendations, and conclusion. It provides guidance on writing each section and interpreting data. Finally, it lists the steps to take in the writing process over multiple days, which involves preliminary research, developing an outline, and drafting and revising the report.

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    Week 16

    Uploaded by

    MERIDIAN SEES
    174 views64 pages
    This document provides an overview of the steps involved in writing a research report. It begins by discussing choosing an appropriate topic that is interesting, relevant and manageable. It emphasizes formulating a clear thesis statement to guide the research. The document then outlines the typical parts of a research report, including the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, recommendations, and conclusion. It provides guidance on writing each section and interpreting data. Finally, it lists the steps to take in the writing process over multiple days, which involves preliminary research, developing an outline, and drafting and revising the report.

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    ENGLAPP ◇

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    WEEK-16

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    This document provides an overview of the steps involved in writing a research report. It begins by discussing choosing an appropriate topic that is interesting, relevant and manageable. It emphasizes formulating a clear thesis statement to guide the research. The document then outlines the typical parts of a research report, including the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, recommendations, and conclusion. It provides guidance on writing each section and interpreting data. Finally, it lists the steps to take in the writing process over multiple days, which involves preliminary research, developing an outline, and drafting and revising the report.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    174 views64 pages

    Week 16

    Uploaded by

    MERIDIAN SEES
    This document provides an overview of the steps involved in writing a research report. It begins by discussing choosing an appropriate topic that is interesting, relevant and manageable. It emphasizes formulating a clear thesis statement to guide the research. The document then outlines the typical parts of a research report, including the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, recommendations, and conclusion. It provides guidance on writing each section and interpreting data. Finally, it lists the steps to take in the writing process over multiple days, which involves preliminary research, developing an outline, and drafting and revising the report.

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    ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND

    PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
    DIZON, DOMINADOR JR. N.
    ENGLAPP Teacher

    Introduction to Writing a Research Report


    Preparing and Implementing
    Research Instruments
    Interpreting and Preparing Visuals
    in a Research Paper
    Writing of Various Reports

    Scintillate, Scintillate,
    asteroid minutia.

    Freedom from encrustations


    of gunk is contagious to rectitude.

    Rapture subjugate surmount plumb widely.

    The person representing the ultimate


    cachinnation possesses thereby the optimal
    cachinnation.

    Eschew obfuscated phraseology: employ


    perspicuous verbiage.

    Veracity ascertains emancipation.

    The person ascertains, the person is obsolete. The


    person beholds and harken back to. The person
    fits bill for extrapolate.

    In scant cognition theres a precarious condition.

    RESEARCH
    Definition and Purpose

    Research is a systematic and scientific way of


    investigating and gathering of information to answer a
    particular problem, establish facts, and reach
    conclusions. Conducting a research can be done in
    various fields such as arts, humanities, social
    sciences, natural sciences, technology, and health
    sciences.

    RESEARCH REPORTS

    Survey Report
    Field Report
    Laboratory or
    Scientific Technical Report

    Survey Report
    It presents the results of the author's research.

    Field Report
    It is usually used in the field of social sciences to link
    theory and applications. It contained author's observations
    when out on the field and an analysis using theoretical
    concepts from the discipline. Although research papers are
    found in tone and style, field reports can be personal and
    simple.

    Laboratory or
    Scientific Technical Report
    It is written by those in the sciences mainly to
    persuade others to accept or reject a hypothesis,
    record the details for future researches, and
    document a current phenomenon for future reference
    and comparison.

    WRITING RESEARCH
    REPORTS

    presents results
    phenomenon

    and

    series of quotations
    unsubstantiated opinion

    interpretation

    and

    of

    compilation

    formal investigation and scientific inquiry

    of

    Analyze the Task


    What is the purpose of the report? (It could be analyzing, persuading or
    reporting on an investigation.)
    Who is the audience for the report?
    What is the word limit? (Many times the word limit only includes the body of
    the report.)

    What is the topic of the report? (The topic may be specified by the lecturer, but
    other times you will have a choice.)
    What is the expected format of the report?

    CHOOSING A RESEARCH
    TOPIC

    Sample Topics in Question Form

    How does the Mindanao peace and order situation affect the
    economy of the Philippines?
    What are the psychological effects of online games?
    What are the factors influencing the economic recession of 2015?
    What are the ccharacteristics of global female leaders in the 21st
    century?

    When choosing a topic, a researcher should consider the


    following:

    First, a research topic should be relevant.


    A relevant topic addresses a particular problem or issue.
    It should also be interesting, especially for the researchers.
    Interest and natural curiosity in the topic will encourage greater
    commitment to the research.

    Finally, a topic should be manageable.

    It should be something you can undertake within your ability


    and within the time limit given to you.

    It should not be too broad or too narrow, and must be


    achievable using available financial, human, and material
    resources.

    Topics

    Are you really


    interested in
    the topic?

    Can you get


    research
    data?

    Do you think
    the topic is
    relevant?

    Have you got


    enough time
    to work on it?

    FORMULATING THESIS
    STATEMENT

    A thesis statement answers the question you


    previously asked to narrow down your topic. It guides
    and serves as a central point of all the ideas in your
    paper.

    Possible research questions that are supposed to be


    answered through your instrument to support your research
    are as follows:
    1. How does too much dieting lead to starvation?
    2. How does too much dieting lead to loss of strength?
    3. How does too much dieting lead to different disease?

    Qualities of a Good Research Question

    1. A good research question should be clear, especially to a lay


    person.
    2. A good research question should require the gathering of data
    to answer it.
    3. A good research question should address an observed problem
    or issue.
    4. A good research question should be manageable in terms of
    your skills and resources.

    5. A good research question should be ethical.


    6. A good research question should have a particular use.

    LAS 1 WEEK 16

    PARTS OF RESEARCH
    PAPER

    Title of Report/Title Page

    Make sure this is clear and indicates exactly what you


    are researching.
    The title page contains an informative title which
    describes the content of the paper, name of author/s and
    addresses or affiliations, and date when it is submitted.

    Approval Sheet

    Abstract

    This gives a very brief overview (context, research


    questions or objectives, methodology, major findings,
    conclusions, and sometimes implications, with minimal
    number of citations, and statistical data) of the report in a
    condensed form.

    Introduction

    The purpose of your report. The thesis statement will be


    useful here. Background information may include a brief
    review of the literature already available on the topic so that
    you are able to place your research in the field. Some brief
    details of your methods and an outline of the structure of the
    report. Its length usually ranges from three to five paragraphs.

    Literature Review

    It contains the summary and sythesis of all available


    sources directly related to the study.
    Related concepts - concepts and theories are defined,
    explained, and described to better understand the study
    Related studies - studies directly related to the paper

    identify a gap in previous research

    outline the main arguments in your field


    show that you are familiar with the literature on your topic
    indicate who the main writers are in a particular area

    evaluate previous studies


    position your work in relation to other writers

    avoid plagiarism and demonstrate your referencing skills

    provide a clear theoretical framework


    demonstrate your understanding of the key ideas and
    concepts in your topic
    define your terms, drawing on other writers definitions

    make you more confident that your area of research is


    worth studying.

    identify areas of controversy

    support your own work by citing other authors


    highlight current literature and use older sources where
    relevant
    see what previous methodologies have been used and to
    avoid making the same mistakes as previous researchers

    demonstrate that you can do research

    Methodology

    Here you clearly outline what methodology you used in


    your research i.e. what you did and how you did it. It must be
    clearly written so that it would be easy for another researcher
    to duplicate your research if they wished to.

    It is usually written in a 'passive' voice (e.g. the


    participants were asked to fill in the questionnaire attached in
    Appendix 1) rather than an 'active' voice (e.g. I asked the
    participants to fill in the questionnaire attached in Appendix 1).

    Clearly referred any material you have used from other


    sources. Clearly label and number any diagrams, charts, and
    graphs. Ensure that they are relevant to the research and add
    substance to the text rather than just duplicating what you
    have said. You do not include or discuss the results here.

    Results

    This is where you factually indicate what you found in


    your research. You give the results of your research, but do
    not interpret them.
    It usually contains tables and graphs that summarize the
    collected data. Along with the tables and graphs are their
    respective interpretations.

    When interpreting the graphs and tables, remember the


    following:

    1. Your first sentence should contain the figure or table


    number and the title.
    2. The succeeding sentences should focus on the most
    important information in the graph or table.
    3. The trends or the gaps that you notice may be included
    in the body of interpretation.

    The interpretation should end with a conclusion based on


    the given information.
    The flow of the results section should follow the flow of
    the research questions/problems/objectives. It is expected that
    for each research problem or objective, corresponding results
    are presented.

    Discussion

    This is where you discuss the relevance of your results


    and how your findings fit with other research in the area. It will
    relate back to your literature review and your introductory
    thesis statement.
    In this section, you need to restate your research
    problems or objectives in the first paragraph as well as the
    major findings.

    Recommendations

    This includes suggestions for what needs to be done as


    a result of your findings. Recommendations are usually listed
    in order of priority.

    Conclusion

    This is a summary of the most significant results/findings.


    You should not include any new material in this section.
    Sometimes you could indicate some areas where your
    research has limits or where further research would be useful.
    It contains the restatement of major findings, limitations
    of the study, recommendations, and implications.

    References

    This contains the different sources used in the study.


    These may be academic books, journals, and other online
    sources.
    Use APA (American Psychological Association) style
    throughout the report.
    For more information, please consult the Publication
    Manual of the American Psychological Association, (6th ed.,
    2nd
    printing)
    or
    visit
    https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/1/

    STEPS IN WRITING A
    RESEARCH REPORT

    Day 1

    1. Select and narrow down the topic. You may use prewriting
    technique such as freewriting, clustering, listing, and
    brainstorming to focus on a topic.
    2. Conduct a preliminary research by gathering the initial
    references (at least 10 refutable references).
    3. Formulate the thesis statement and research questions.
    Deadline: September 26-28, 2016

    Day 2

    4. Prepare a preliminary outline.


    5. Gather additional references. Use the preliminary outline as
    a guide for this stage.
    6. Prepare the prefinal outline.

    7. Prepare the necessary instruments for your research.


    Deadline/Consultation: September 29-October 4, 2016

    Day 3

    8. Pilot the instrument and revise accordingly.


    9. Gather the data.
    10. Prepare the tables and graphs and analyze the collected
    data.
    11. Write the methodology and results section.

    12. Write the introduction and literature review.


    Deadline/Consultation: October 5-7, 2016

    Day 4
    13. Write the discussion. Be sure to link the literature review to
    the discussion section.
    14. Write the conclusion and recommendations.
    15. Write the abstract.
    16. Prepare the reference list. List all items that are cited in
    the body of your paper.
    17. Edit and format your paper.

    Deadline/Consultation: October 10-12, 2016

    Day 5

    13. Present final output.


    Oral Defense: October 13-14, 2016
    Day 6

    14. Revise for final submission.


    15. Submit final output.

    GUIDELINES IN WRITING
    A RESEARCH REPORT

    50-75 % of the paper should be devoted to results and


    discussion
    Be sure to cite all your sources whether they are
    paraphrased or directly quoted.
    Use direct quotations sparingly. Paraphrase as much as
    possible.
    STRICTLY follow documentation style.
    Topics should be relevant, interesting , current, and
    manageable in terms of resources, skills needed, and
    time. It should not be too sensitive and controversial as
    well.

    Research questions should directly address the given


    topic or thesis statement.
    Use simple language and avoid verbose words.

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