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    Lecture 2 PDF

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    Afrah Mir
    This document discusses 3D vector analysis and the dot product. It begins with an outline of 3D vectors and position vectors. It then defines unit vectors and direction cosines. An example problem demonstrates resolving forces into Cartesian vector components and finding the resultant force. Position vectors are defined using examples. Finally, the dot product is defined as the magnitude of one vector multiplied by the other and their cosine of the angle between them, yielding a scalar value. Examples show the dot product is zero for perpendicular vectors and equal to one for two vectors with the same direction.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Lecture 2 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Afrah Mir
    57 views17 pages
    This document discusses 3D vector analysis and the dot product. It begins with an outline of 3D vectors and position vectors. It then defines unit vectors and direction cosines. An example problem demonstrates resolving forces into Cartesian vector components and finding the resultant force. Position vectors are defined using examples. Finally, the dot product is defined as the magnitude of one vector multiplied by the other and their cosine of the angle between them, yielding a scalar value. Examples show the dot product is zero for perpendicular vectors and equal to one for two vectors with the same direction.

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    This document discusses 3D vector analysis and the dot product. It begins with an outline of 3D vectors and position vectors. It then defines unit vectors and direction cosines. An example problem demonstrates resolving forces into Cartesian vector components and finding the resultant force. Position vectors are defined using examples. Finally, the dot product is defined as the magnitude of one vector multiplied by the other and their cosine of the angle between them, yielding a scalar value. Examples show the dot product is zero for perpendicular vectors and equal to one for two vectors with the same direction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    57 views17 pages

    Lecture 2 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Afrah Mir
    This document discusses 3D vector analysis and the dot product. It begins with an outline of 3D vectors and position vectors. It then defines unit vectors and direction cosines. An example problem demonstrates resolving forces into Cartesian vector components and finding the resultant force. Position vectors are defined using examples. Finally, the dot product is defined as the magnitude of one vector multiplied by the other and their cosine of the angle between them, yielding a scalar value. Examples show the dot product is zero for perpendicular vectors and equal to one for two vectors with the same direction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 17

    Statics & Dynamics of Rigid Bodies

    3D Vector Analysis & Dot Product Lecture 2


    Dr. Mahmoud Fayez Arman

    www.sorbonne.ae

    Outline
    - 3D Vectors Analysis
    - Position Vector
    - Dot Product

    Directions in 3D
    For a vector A, with a magnitude of
    A, an unit vector is defined as
    uA = A / A .

    Characteristics of a unit vector :


    a) Its magnitude is 1.
    b) It is dimensionless (has no units).
    c) It points in the same direction as the
    original vector (A).
    The unit vectors in the Cartesian axis
    system are i, j, and k. They are unit
    vectors along the positive x, y, and z
    axes respectively.
    3

    Directions in 3D
    Consider a box with sides AX, AY, and
    AZ meters long.
    The vector A can be defined as
    A = (AX i + AY j + AZ k) m
    The projection of vector A in the x-y plane is A. The
    magnitude of A is found by using the same approach as a
    2-D vector: A = (AX2 + AY2)1/2 .
    The magnitude of the position vector A can now be obtained as
    A = ((A)2 + AZ2) =

    (AX2 + AY2 + AZ2)


    4

    Directions in 3D
    The direction or orientation of vector A is defined by
    the angles , , and .
    These angles are measured between the vector and
    the positive X, Y and Z axes, respectively. Their
    range of values are from 0 to 180
    Using trigonometry, direction cosines are found using

    cos =
    cos =
    cos =

    These angles are not independent.


    They must satisfy the following equation.
    cos + cos + cos = 1
    This result can be derived from the definition of a coordinate direction angles
    and the unit vector. Recall, the formula for finding the unit vector of any
    position vector:
    or written another way, uA = cos i + cos j + cos k .

    Directions in 3D
    Once individual vectors are written in Cartesian form, it is easy
    to add or subtract them. The process is essentially the same as
    when 2-D vectors are added.

    For example, if
    A = AX i + AY j + AZ k

    and

    B = BX i + BY j + BZ k ,

    then

    A + B = (AX + BX) i + (AY + BY) j + (AZ + BZ) k


    or
    A B = (AX - BX) i + (AY - BY) j + (AZ - BZ) k .

    3D Components Notations

    Example Problem

    Given: Two forces F1 and F2 are


    applied to a hook.
    Find: The resultant force in
    Cartesian vector form.
    Plan:

    1) Using geometry and trigonometry, write F1 and F2 in


    Cartesian vector form.

    2) Then add the two forces (by adding x and y-components).


    8

    Example Solution
    Solution:
    First, resolve force F1.
    Fx = 0 = 0 N

    Fy = 500 (4/5) = 400 N


    Fz = 500 (3/5) = 300 N
    Now, write F1 in Cartesian vector form
    (dont forget the units!).
    F1 = {0 i + 400 j + 300 k} N

    Example Solution
    Now, resolve force F2.
    F2z = -800 sin 45 = 565.7 N
    F2 = 800 cos 45 = 565.7 N
    F2 can be further resolved as,
    F2x = 565.7 cos 30 = 489.9 N
    F2y = 565.7 sin 30 = 282.8 N
    Thus, we can write:
    F2 = {489.9 i + 282.8 j 565.7 k } N

    Example Solution

    So FR = F1 + F2 and
    F1 = {0 i + 400 j + 300 k} N
    F2 = {489.9 i + 282.8 j 565.7 k } N
    FR = { 490 i + 683 j 266 k } N

    Position Vector

    12

    Example Problem

    13

    Example Solution

    14

    Dot Product

    The dot product of vectors A and B is defined as AB = A B cos .


    The angle is the smallest angle between the two vectors and is
    always in a range of 0 to 180.
    Dot Product Characteristics:
    1. The result of the dot product is a scalar (a positive or
    negative number).
    2. The units of the dot product will be the product of the units
    of the A and B vectors.
    15

    Dot Product

    Examples: By definition, i j = 0
    ii = 1
    AB
    =

    (Ax i + Ay j + Az k) (Bx i + By j + Bz k)

    Ax Bx + AyBy

    + AzBz

    THANK YOU!
    See you soon!

    www.sorbonne.ae

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