Learning by Relay Sequences...

Your First PLC

Introduction

Safety Precautions
(Be sure to read this before the training.)
Before designing a system, be sure to read this manual and pay close
attention to safety.
During the training, pay attention to the following points to ensure
correct handling.

[Precautions for Training]

DANGER
To prevent electric shock, do not touch the terminals while they are
powered ON.
Before removing safety covers, either turn the power supply OFF or
confirm safety.
Do not put your hand into moving parts.

CAUTION
Proceed with the training under the guidance of a teacher.
Do not remove the training machine module or change the wiring
without permission. Doing so may result in malfunction, misoperation,
injury or fire.
Before attaching or detaching the module, turn the power OFF.
Attaching or detaching the module while it is still ON may cause the
module to malfunction or cause an electric shock.
If unusual odor is detected with the training machine (X/Y table, etc.)
immediately turn the power switch to OFF.
If an abnormal event occurs, immediately contact your teacher.

INTRODUCTION
This text book introduces basic knowledge you should be aware of for
sequence control together with simple examples for first-time users of
PLCs.
Descriptions in this text book are primarily for the teaching material FX-I/O
demonstration model that uses the micro PLC FX1S-14MR type.

The following shows related materials:

(1) FX1S Hardware Manual JY992D83901
(2) FX Programming Manual
(FX1S, FX1N, FX2N, FX2NC) JY992D88101
(3) FX-10P Operation Manual (Operation Procedures)
JY992D33401

This document does not guarantee the implementation of industrial

copyright and other rights, nor authorizes rights of implementation.
Also, MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION cannot assume any
responsibility whatsoever for problems in terms of industrial copyright
that may arise by use of the content described in this document.
2006 MITUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION
1

Contents
Chapter 1 WHAT IS "SEQUENCE CONTROL?"
1.1 What Is "Sequence Control?" 4
1.2 Devices Associated with Sequence Control 6
1.3 Items Required for Sequence Control 8
1.4 Performing Wiring Based on Sequences 11
1.5 Let's Remember Sequence Symbols 16

Chapter 2 WHAT IS A "PLC?"

2.1 What is a "PLC?" 18
2.2 How PLCs Work 19
2.3 Wiring and Programs 23
2.4 Advantages of Using PLCs 24

Chapter 3 SEQUENCE INSTRUCTIONS

3.1 Let's Remember PLC Instructions 28
LD, LDI, OUT, END
SET, RST
AND, ANI
OR, ORI
ANB
ORB
NOP
3.2 Order of Programs 38
3.3 About Timer Circuits 39
3.4 About Counter Circuits 40
3.5 About Self-hold Circuits 41

Chapter 4 PROGRAM TRAINING

4.1 Introductory Example 1 (Control of Escalators) 43
4.2 Introductory Example 2 (Control of Tea Dispenser) 45
4.3 Introductory Example 3 (Control of Drilling Machine) 47
4.4 Introductory Example 4
(Control of Quiz Answer Display Panel) 49

Appendices
Appendix 1 The OPERATION OF THE GX Developer 51
Appendix 2 SFC Program Outline 99
Appendix 3 Training Machine's I/O wiring Example 101

Let's Learn About Sequences

Chapter 1
WHAT IS "SEQUENCE CONTROL?"
Let's learn about sequence control
Sequence control is a word that we ordinarily do not hear often. Yet, it exists all
around us and we have contact with it in our day today lives.
For example, a fully automatic washing machine is an excellent example of
"sequence control."
In this chapter, we will consider what "sequence control" is and the affect it has
on our daily lives.

1.1 What Is "Sequence Control?"

What does "sequence" mean?
Though the word "sequence control" may generally be unfamiliar to us, it is used
very often around us, and everyone is likely to have seen or have had contact
with something that is controlled by sequence control.
Dictionaries describe the word "sequence" as follows:
(1) State or fact of being sequent or consequent

(2) Succession

Sequence

(3) Order of succession

(4) A series of things following in order, etc.

From this, we can understand that "sequence" refers to a succession or order in

which events occur.

Examples of things you are familiar with

Let's consider an example of a car wash you frequently catch sight of at a gasoline stand.

Water is brushed off the car

and the car wash is complete.

And then washed again with

water.

Brushed with a big rotating

brush.

Dirt and mud is then removed

from the car with detergent.

The car is first washed with

water.

Put your money in and press

the START button.

Though operation of the car wash on the previous page was described in
approximate terms, this order is the basic way of thinking behind sequences, and
making this sequence operate correctly and automatically countless times as
intended becomes sequence control.
Sequence control is used extensively and is a vital approach in all situations and
all fields.
Household electrical appliances

Elevator

Factory

Sequence
control is
used
in a wide
range of fi
elds.

Automatic vending machines

Power substations

Sequence control is used not just in complex applications but also in applications
very familiar to us.

1.2 Devices Associated with Sequence Control

Component devices in sequence control
The following devices are used to perform sequence control.
These devices can be broadly classified as follows:
"devices operated by personnel"
"devices that notify personnel of machine states"
"devices that detect machine states"
"devices for making machines move"

Devices operated by personnel

Switches, etc.

Personnel

Devices for notifying personnel of machine states

Lamps, buzzers, etc.

Sequence
Various devices are also combined to perform sequence
control in a car wash, for example.
Devices for making machines move

Start

Pumps for discharging

detergent or water, and
motors, etc. for rotating
brushes

Stop

Devices operated by personnel

Devices for detecting machine states

Start/stop buttons, etc.

Switches, etc. for detecting arrival of vehicle

Devices for notifying personnel of machine states

In-operation lamps, etc.

The devices shown in this figure are just examples and only a few of many such
devices.
In sequence control, combinations of devices such as these are made to operate
in accordance with a work procedure.
Of these devices, "devices operated by personnel" and "devices for detecting
machine states" become the conditions for making things move in sequence
control, while "devices that notify personnel of machine states" and "devices for
making machines move" are the devices that are operated in accordance with
these conditions.
Operation panel A panel on which "devices operated by personnel"
(pushbutton switches, selector switches, etc.) and
"devices for notifying personnel of machine states"
(lamps, digital displays, etc.) are installed.
Control panel A panel on which devices, such as electromagnetic
contactors, relays and PLCs, for controlling machine
movement, are installed.
Though small-load devices such as
small-size solenoid valves and pilot
lamps can be driven directly by a PLC,
large-load devices such as large-size
solenoid valves must be driven via an
electromagnetic contact or relays.
Magnetic contactors, relays, etc.

Control

Devices for detecting machine states

Limit switches, proximity switches, etc.

Machine

Devices for making machines move

Motors, solenoid valves, etc.

1.3 Items Required for Sequence Control

Let's actually consider sequence control.
Now, let's try actually considering sequence control based on the connection
diagram below. The following also describes the terms you need to know in
learning sequence control.
Example 1 The electrical circuit below is wired using a pushbutton switch and
lamps (blue, red).
Content of sequence control
(1)When the pushbutton switch is not pressed, electricity flows along route B
and the blue lamp is lit.
(2)When the pushbutton switch is pressed, electricity flows along route A and
the red lamp lights.
(3)When the pushbutton switch is released, the blue lamp lights again as in (1) above.
The operations in (1) through (3) are part of sequence control.
Connection diagram

s
er

ply

up

Po

Pushbutton

Blue lamp

Red lamp
Relay

Let's learn some new terms.

The following describes the relay on the page on the left.
About relays
A relay is a simple electromechanical switch made up of an electromagnet and
a set of contacts .
Relay Cross Section
Moving contact

Moving contact
When electricity flows to
the magnetic, the moving
contact is actuated.

Fixed contact

Magnet

Flow of
electricity

Magnet

About contacts
A "contact" is a contacting part that performs switching operation, and
allows electricity to pass or blocks electricity. Other forms of contacts were
found in switches, timers, counters and other devices. There are two types
of contacts, N.O. contacts and N.C. contacts. (See next page)

Where are relays used?

(1) Relays can make large motors and lamps operate by using small signals.

12VDC(direct current)
100VAC(Alternate currect)

(2) Relays can make motors and lamps in remote sites operate.

About contacts
Contacts perform a switching operation to block electricity or make parts conduct.
Basic contacts are N.O. contacts and N.C. contacts, and switches, relays,
timers, counters and other devices have contacts.
N.O. contacts
A "N.O. contact" is a "normally open" contact, and closes when an instruction
(Note 1) is made to the contact.
Note 1 An "instruction" here means "causing an operation or change." The operation of
pressing a pushbutton corresponds to an instruction.

Operation: In the case of a pushbutton switch

When the pushbutton switch is not pressed, the contact is open.
When it is pressed, the contact closes.
Press button

Pushbutton
Moving contact
Moving contact
Circuit
open

Fixed contact

Flow of
electricity

Contact

Fixed contact
Wiring
Wiring

Wiring

Spring
Before button is pressed (in return position)

Spring
After button is pressed (in operating position)

N.C. contacts
A "N.C. contact" is a "normally closed" contact, and opens when an instruction is made.
Operation: In the case of a pushbutton switch
When the pushbutton switch is not pressed, the contact is closed.
When it is pressed, the contact opens.
Press button

Flow of
electricity
Wiring

Pushbutton

Circuit
closed
Moving contact

10

Wiring

Wiring

Fixed contact
Spring

Circuit
open

Fixed contact
Moving contact
Spring

1.4 Performing Wiring Based on Sequences

Now that you've learned some new words
Let's train using Example 1 on page 1-6
that we studied for relay contacts.
Outline of relay-wired training

DC power supply
Blue lamp
Red lamp

demonstration model
Pushbutton

Product configuration
Power cable
1 pc
Pushbutton
1 pc
Blue lamp
1 pc
Red lamp
1 pc
Relay
Relay
1 pc
Wires (brown, red, orange, yellow,
green, blue, purple, gray)
1 each
Let's wire the training demonstration model. Figure 1.Blue lamp

Red

Blue

Lamp 1

Lamp 2

Lamp 1

Lamp 2

24VDC power supply

Pushbutton

1. Make sure that the training

demonstration model is turned OFF.
2. Wire the blue lamp in Figure 1 by
connecting the wires as follows:
Purple wire to No.7 terminal
Yellow wire to No.4 terminal
Gray wire to No.8 terminal
3. Wire the red lamp in Figure 2 by
connecting the wires as follows:
Green wire to No.5 terminal
Blue wire to No.6 terminal
Brown wire to No.1 terminal
Red wire to No.2 terminal
Orange wire to No.3 terminal

Common contact N.C. contact Relay

Coil

Pushbutton switch

N.O. contact

Wiring diagram

Figure 2.Red lamp

Note) In this example, power supply terminals

No.4 and No.5 are common terminals.
2

Blue

Lamp 1

Lamp 2

Lamp 1

Lamp 2

Common contact N.C. contact Relay

Coil
N.O. contact

24VDC power supply

Pushbutton

What is an "actual wiring diagram?"

This refers to a diagram that is as close
as possible to the real thing and that
shows circuit connections and devices
used for the circuit. As wiring and the
structure of devices can be accurately
seen in this diagram, it is handy when
actually manufacturing devices or
performing maintenance.

Red

Pushbutton switch

11

Now that you've learned some new terms and phrases

Let's check operation
Let swap the content of sequence control explanation on page 1-6 with the new
terms and phrases you've learned.
(1) When the power is turned ON, the N.C. contact and route B is made , and the
blue lamp is turned on.
(2) When the pushbutton switch (N.O contact) is pressed, the action of the relay
causes the N.O. contact to close. Route A is made , and the red lamp is turned on.
(3) When the pushbutton switch is released, the blue lamp is turned on again as in (1)
above.
Sequence expressed as a flow chart

Power ON

Pushbutton YES Blue lamp Out

switch pressed?
p
Red lamp Lit

Blue lamp Lit

Red lamp Out

NO

Pushbutton
switch not
pressed?

YES

NO

What is a "flow chart?"

With sequence control, various devices are combined to comprise a circuit. To
explain, the control of these devices can become quite difficult using based
methods. Therefore a flow chart is a preferred method for explaining a control
sequence.
A flow chart uses rectangular symbols and arrows to more simply express the
overall order of related operations.
Sequence expressed as a time chart
Released

Pressed
Pushbutton

Closed

Relay

Operating

Blue lamp

Lit

Lit

Red lamp

Lit

What is a "time chart?"

A time chart expresses changes in the operation sequence over time.
The devices to be controlled are drawn on the vertical axis, while changes over
time are drawn on the horizontal axis. Dotted lines with arrow heads are used to
show the relationship between respective devices and resulting operations.
Time charts sometimes express changes over time without the use of arrows.
Pushbutton
Relay

You can also learn the content of sequence control from flow charts and time charts.
12

Actual wiring diagram and sequence diagram

An actual wiring diagram is a diagrammatic means of making the structure of devices
and wiring easy to understand. However, the operation sequence is harder to follow
in actual wiring diagrams for complex electrical circuits.
Let's try swapping an actual wiring diagram with a sequence diagram to illustrate this point.
Wiring Diagram

Lamp 1

Lamp 2

Lamp 1

Lamp 2

24VDC power supply

4 5 7

3
Pushbutton

1
6

Note) With the FX-I/O demonstration

training machine, both relays
and lamps are driven by a
24VDC power supply. However,
in general, relays are driven by
a 24VDC power supply and
lamps are driven by a 100VAC
power supply. This is shown in
the figure below.

Common contact N.C. contact Relay

Coil

Pushbutton switch

N.O. contact

Sequence Diagram

DC power supply

PB
Pushbutton switch

RELAY
Relay coil

AC power supply

RELAY (N.C. contact)

BLUE
Blue

RELAY (N.O. contact)

RED
Red

Sequence diagrams are connection diagrams intended to make the content of

operation of many circuits easier to understand. Unified standards enable this
diagrammatic method to be easily understood by third parties.

13

Let's consider another example

Example 2 Controlling the level of water in a tank
Details of sequence control
(1) When the operation switch is closed, the float switch limit switch 1 closes if
the tank is empty, and the magnet switch MC is operated to drive the transfer
pump motor.
Relay MC is designed to hold its own state even if the water level is at the mid
position.
(2) When the tank becomes full, float switch limit switch 2 opens, hold operation
of the relay MC is canceled, and the transfer pump motor stops.
(3) When the water level reaches the empty level, the motor starts to operate
automatically again.

Transfer pump
Pump
LS2 (N.C. contact)
Float switch turns OFF
when tank is full.

LS1 (N.O. contact)

Float switch turns ON
when tank is empty.
Tank

LS2 OFF

Well

14

Stop

Operation
Motor

Empty

LS2 ON

Water
level

LS1 ON

LS1 OFF

Full

With motor operation in this control

example, the motor starts to operate at
the mid position after an empty tank is
detected.
Motor operation stops at the mid
position after a full tank is detected,
and the motor operating state differs
even at the mid position.
This kind of operation is called
"hysteresis operation" and can reduce
the number of times that motor
operation is stopped.

Sequence diagram

Breaker

MC
Motor
power
supply

This device breaks the

circuit for the current when
an abnormal current flows.

Motor

MC
Breaker

Contacting of the relay

drives the motor.

Control power supply

Start switch

LS2 3

LS1
MC

N.O. contact
N.C. contact
The start switch The float switch
turns OFF when
stays ON even
if it is released. the tank is full.
(residual operation
type)

N.O. contact
The float switch turns ON
when the tank is empty.

Magnet
switch

MC 2

1 The sequence in this section is generally replaced by a sequence program on a PLC.

2 About self-hold circuits
A "self-hold circuit" refers to an operation circuit that bypasses signals
arriving from an external relay or other device by means of the contact of
the relay itself.
Self-hold circuits can also be said to have a memory function that allows
them to operate continuously even if the circuit is cut by releasing a pressed
pushbutton.
In this circuit, the contact of the relay (MC 2) for driving the motor is
connected in parallel to float switch limit 1 (LS1). This provides an example of
a "self-hold switch."
3 Though limit switch 2 (LS2) functions to cut the self-hold circuit to stop the
transfer pump motor, when limit switch 2 (LS2) is used with a N.C. contact, the
switch can also be turned OFF to stop transfer of water during a switch contact
failure or wiring break.
Operation of self-holding circuit (time chart)
Start switch
Float switch
LS2
Float switch
LS1
Magnet
switch

Full

Water level mid position

Water level mid position

Empty

Water level
mid position
Operation

Full
Even when the float
switch LS1 turns OFF,
operation of the magnet
switch continues due to
the self-holding circuit.

15

1.5 Let's Remember Sequence Symbols

List of main sequence symbols
JIS C0617
Contact Category

N.O. Contact

N.C. Contact
Drive Source

Product Category

Horizontal format Vertical format Horizontal format Vertical format

Pushbutton
switch
(Autoreturn type)

Manual

Pushbutton
switch
(residual
operation type)

Manual

Thermal
relay
(OCR)

Limit
switch
(general)
Limit
switch
(mechanical
operation)

Heater
Operation

Manual

Dog

cam

Auxiliary
switch relay
contact

Magnetic
contactor

Timer
ON delay

Timer
OFF delay

16

Electromagnetic
coil

Introducing You to PLCs

Chapter 2
WHAT IS A "PLC?"
What is a "PLC?"
PLC stands for "programmable controller" and is sometimes known as a
"sequence controller" or SC. These are defined as electronic devices that
control various devices via I/O sections and have built-in memory for
storing programmable instructions.

Actually
So far, we have performed "sequence control" by physically wiring relays
and timers. This chapter considers the use of a simple PLC program to
control electronic devices.

17

2.1 What Is a "PLC?"

What do PLCs do?
Personnel
Switch, etc.

Lamps, buzzers, etc.

Devices for notifying personnel

of machine states

Devices operated
by personnel

Sequence control

Devices for making

machines move

Machine
Sensors, etc.

Motors, solenoid valves, etc.

Devices for detecting

machine states

The devices that are operated by personnel or that detect machine states in
sequence control are called "instruction signals" or "condition signals."
Devices that notify personnel of machine states or that move machines are
called "loads."
PLCs are responsible for carrying out "sequence control." The diagram above
illustrates the control of these devices. Where the condition signals and loads in
the devices are connected to the PLC.

18

2.2 How PLCs Work

How does sequence control work?
PLCs are microcomputer-controlled devices for industry.
Programming
panel

Input Devices
PLC

Limit switches

Contactor

Storage
section

Relay contact

Operation
section
Power supply

Output interface

Pushbutton switch

Input interface

Select switch

Memory

Lamp

Solenoid valve

(solenoid valve)

Power supply

Microcomputer

Output Devices

Devices connected to the input side of the PLC are called "input devices," while
devices connected to the output side of the PLC are called "output devices."
One device is connected to each terminal block.
One input device and one output device may merely be connected to a PLC in
this way, and the connection for performing sequence control is performed
electronically inside the PLC.
PLC internal connections are programmed using dedicated sequence language
(instructions), and a combination of these instructions is called a "sequence
program." Sequence control is performed in accordance with this program, so
there is no need to wire externally.

19

Actually consider a PLC as a group of relays and timers

Input relays operated
by external signals

Sequence program operated

by input relay contacts

Output of output
relay operation

External load
operated

Power
supply

COM
X000
X001

Y100

X001

Y000
X003

X001
X005

M100

Y001

Timers
Timers
T

X005

PL

Y000

Y001

X003

X004
PB2

Y000

Output relays
Output relays

X002
LS1

Y000

X003

X001

PB1

Y001
Y002

Y002

Y002

MC

K100

X006

Y003
X005

X007

X007
M100

Auxiliary
Auxiliary relays
relays
Contacts for
external outputs

Input relays

PLC

The figure above shows how the input devices, output devices and the sequence program are configured.
The input devices is connected to the PLC's input relays, and the output device is controlled via contacts for external outputs.
Input relays
The input relays convert the signals from an external device to signals for the
PLC. In the above figure, the input device is designed to operate merely by
connecting across the input terminal and the COM terminal.
However it should be noted that PLCs have a limited number of contacts, even
though, an infinite number of contacts is provided on the sequence program.
Operation
COM
Input terminal
Input device

Input relay
PLC

The PLC has a built-in power supply

for the input relays. When the
contact of the input device is
conducting, current flows along the
dotted line to drive the input relay.

Regardless of whether the external input device is a N.O. contact or a N.C.

contact, the contact on the PLC that closes when the COM and input terminals
are conducting is an N.O. contact, and the contact that opens is a N.C. contact.
Output contacts
Output contacts are otherwise known as just outputs. These are coutrolled by
the sequence program, and are necessary for driving an external load.
Devices having a different power supply (AC or DC) can be connected to the
contacts for external output.
Operation
PLC
Output device
Output terminal
COM
Contacts for external outputs

20

Power supply

When the output relays on the

sequence program are driven, the
contacts for external output close.
Provide a power supply for driving
the external device outside the PLC.

An I/O number is assigned to each terminal to make the I/O devices connected
to the input terminals and output terminals correspond to the input relays and
output relays of the sequence program.
Timers and counters held internally by the PLC are also assigned to devices
numbers in addition to each terminal number.
Element numbers Element numbers comprise a symbol that shows what the
devices is and a number that categorizes individual devices.
Input relays : X000~

Timers

: T 0~

Input relays act as the "point of contact" for

receiving signals, for example, from an input
switch outside of the PLC. X is used to
identify their device number. PLCs have a
built-in number of input relays corresponding
to the number of inputs (number of terminals).

Timers are held internally by the PLC,

and function to measure time. Timers
have coils and contacts. When a
preset time is reached, a contact
closes.

Output relays : Y000~

0~
Counters are held internally by the
PLC and count numbers. When a
preset number is reached, a contact
closes.
Counters

Output relays act as the "point of contact" for

driving loads outside the PLC. Y is used to
identify their device numbers. PLCs have a
built-in number of output relays corresponding
to the number of outputs (number of
terminals).

:C

Auxiliary relays : M 0~

Auxiliary relays are held internally by

the PLC and are also called "internal
relays."
The number of inputs relays, output relays, timers, counters, and other devices
varies according to the model of PLC.

Reference

Decimal, Octal and Hexadecimal

As shown in the following table, octal and hexadecimal numbers are assigned as
devices numbers in addition to decimal numbers.
Input relays, output relays Auxiliary timers, timers, counters
Micro PLC FX Series

Octal

Decimal

General-purpose Q/A Series

Hexadecimal

Decimal

"Decimal" The decimal number system is used most often, and counts up numbers in
units of ten in the format 0 to 9, 10 to 19, 20 to 29 and so forth.
The octal number system counts up numbers in units of eight in the format
"Octal"
0 to 7, 10 to 17, 20 to 27 and so forth.
"Hexadecimal" The hexadecimal number system counts up numbers in units of 16 in the
format 0 to 9, 0A, 0B, 0C, 0D, 0E, 0F, 10 to 19, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F and
so forth.
21

Expressions used in sequence diagrams and sequence programs

The sequence program on a PLC replaces the input device and output device connected
to each of the external terminals with a circuit for performing sequence control. For details
on instruction words, see Chapter 3.
The following explains how to replace a sequence diagram with a sequence program.
This example shows the tank water level control described on page 1-12 replaced with a
sequence program.
Sequence diagram

MC
LS2

LS1

Sequence program

X000

X002

X001

SW

LS2

LS1

Y000
Y000

SW

MC

MC

MC

The following describes the various differences when a relay sequence program
is replaced with a sequence program.
(1) How N.O. contacts and N.C. contacts are expressed
Relay sequence diagram

Sequence program

N.O. contact

N.O. contact

N.C. contact

N.C. contact

(2) The power supply circuit is not expressed.

(3) The sequence program is assigned devices numbers explained in the previous
page.
Important

(4) Limit switch 2 in the sequence diagram is a N.C. contact but becomes a N.O.
contact in a sequence program.
This is because the role of limit switch 2 in the above sequence diagram is to
break the self-hold circuit of the MC and stop the MC. So, we should consider
that it is in a conducting state at all times on the circuit.
Next, remember the operation of the input relay on page 2-4. In operation of
the N.O. contacts and N.C. contacts in the sequence program, N.O. contacts
turn ON and N.C. contacts turn OFF when the input relay is electrically
conducting due to a change in state of the contact on the external wiring. Due
to this fact, a N.O. contact must be used on the sequence program to obtain
the same operating state.
In this way, when a PLC is used, N.O. contacts and N.C. contacts can be
used for each of the contacts on the sequence program.
22

2.3 Wiring and Programs

What are PLC wiring and programs like?
The figure below shows the circuit on page 1-13.

Fuse
COM
SW
LS1
LS2

Intput wiring

COM
X000

X002

X001

X000

Y000

X001

Y000

MC

Y000

X002
Sequence program

Output wiring

The wiring of a PLC wiring can be divided up into I/O wiring and internal wiring.
I/O wiring must be handled in the
conventional way using cutting pliers
and a screwdriver.

Complicated internal wiring in a PLC

(sequence program), can be handled
easily by operating the pushbuttons
(keys) on the programming panel.

The connections between input terminals and input relay coils and between
output contacts of output relays and output terminals were already established at
the delivery from the factory.

23

2.4 Advantages of Using PLCs

Effective use of PLCs

MITSUBISHI

24

1
2
3
4
5
6

Economical
In general, PLC is more inexpensive than conventional control box
where 10 or more relays are required.

Less manpower for design

Large amount of labor-saving can be achieved through simplified parts
layout drawings, sequence design and pre-start-up and test procedures.

Short turn-around time

The turn-around time can be significantly reduced through reduction in quantity
of procured parts, parallel procurement of the machinery and control box,
flexibility in specification change, simplified wiring work and so forth.

Downsizing and standardization

Significantly reduced in size than relay boards and mass-production is
possible by reusing the program.

Improved reliability
Troubles due to relays and timers can be reduced and the component
with PLC can be used without any concern once the initial set-up of the
PLC is completed.

Improved maintainability
Maintenance can be done in an easy manner, since few parts with life
limitation are used and the PLC has a self diagnosis function.

Comparison with relay control

Method

Item

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Functionality

Changeability of control
content

Relay control

PLC control

Complex control is possible

by using many relays.

Control can be programmed

however complex it is.

No other option but to

change the wiring

Only the program needs to

be changed, and control can
be freely changed.

Reliability

Though there is no problem in regular Reliability is higher as the

use, there are restrictions in faulty
center of operations is made
contacts and service life of parts.
up entirely of semiconductors.

Versatility

Once made, devices cannot

be used for other applications.

PLCs can be used for any kind of

control depending on the program.

Device expandability

If additions and modifications

are required they are difficult.

PLCs can be freely expanded

up to their full potential.

Ease of maintenance

Periodic inspection and

limited service life parts must
be replaced.

PLCs can be repaired merely

by replacing modules.

Range of functions

Relay control only is

supported.

Analog and positioning control

also can be performed in
addition to sequence programs.

Generally, large

PLCs do not increase in size

even in complex, advanced
control applications.

Many drawings are required,

and it takes time to arrange
parts and test assemblies.

Design is simple even for

complex control, and it does not
take time to manufacture PLCs.

Device size

Design, production period

Reference

A Short History of PLCs

The device "PLC" came into being in 1968 as a result of
commissioned development by General Motors in the United States,
and the general market for PLCs started in the United States in the
following year. The first domestically produced PLC made its
appearance in Japan in 1970, yet it took six years for the first generalpurpose PLC to appear in 1976. MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC
CORPORATION initiated the market for general-purpose PLCs in the
year 1977, and has since made one-board PLC modules a familiar
name on the market. Since then, it has developed the general-purpose
PLC K series with integrated numeric value processing functions,
which was followed by the micro PLC F series with built-in
programmer. Today a variety of PLC products are available world wide
that can suite an array of control applications.

25

26

SEQUENCE INSTRUCTIONS
Chapter 3
SEQUENCE INSTRUCTIONS
What you have learned up till now
So far we have explained that PLCs are a collection of many relays, timers and
counters, and that their internal sequences can be wired by key operation on a
programming panel. When performing this wiring work, rules matched to contact
and coil connection methods and types of coils are required. These rules are the
instructions.
Instructions are programmed in the format "instruction word + devices number"
or by individual instruction words.
This chapter introduces several of the basic instructions for programming a PLC.

27

3.1 Let's Remember PLC Instructions

There are two types of peripheral devices (programming devices) for entering
Sequence programs: devices for drawing sequence circuits on screen and
devices for entering programs using instruction words (that is, devices for
creating a list program). These devices differ only by program input method,
and the program itself is the same.

Devices used for input

using instruction words

Device used for input

using circuit diagrams

The following table summarizes the instructions held by a PLC, the meanings of
each instruction and how the circuit is indicated in a sequence program.
Symbol, Name
LD
Load
LDI
Load inverse
AND
AND
ANI
AND inverse
OR
OR
ORI
OR inverse
ANB
AND block
ORB
OR block
OUT
Out
SET
Set
RST
Reset

Function

Circuit Indication

and used in circuit

indications indicate contacts.
Contacts are in two states,
conducting and nonconducting, depending on
the ON/OFF state of input
relays or output relays,
auxiliary relays, timers, and
counters.
and SET
show
driving of coils.

Bus connection
instruction,
N.O. contact
Bus connection
instruction,
N.C. contact
Series connection,
N.O. contact

Series connection,
N.C. contact

Parallel connection,
N.O. contact

Parallel connection,
N.C. contact

Series connection
between blocks

Parallel connection
between blocks

Coil drive
instruction

Retain operation,
coil instruction
Cancel retain
operation, coil
instruction

NOP
No operation

For deleting program or space

No operation
END
End of program
END

28

End of program

Return to 0 step

Commands and Programs

Mechanism of Programs
The internal sequence for the sequence controlling is created as the sequence program with the format
of circuit diagram (ladder diagram) and instruction list.
Instruction list (program list)

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
9

Instruction

X001

Instruction Device (number)

code
(operand)

LD
OR
ANI
OUT
LD
ANI
OUT
END

X001
Y000
X003
Y000
Y000
X006
T1 K30

X003
Y000

0
Y000

Repeat operation

Step
number

Circuit diagram (ladder diagram)

K30

X006
4

T1

END

A program is comprised of multiple instruction codes and device numbers (operand).

These instructions are numbered in turn. This number is referred to as step number. (Step numbers are
automatically controlled.)
Each "instruction" is comprised of "instruction code + device number". However, there are some
instructions without devices. Also in some cases, instruction codes are just referred to as instructions.
The max steps that can be programmed depend on the "program memory capacity" of the PLC that is used.
For example, there is a program memory with the capacity of "2000" steps in FX1S PLC, "8000" steps in
FX1N and FX 2N, and "64000" steps in FX3U.
PLC repeatedly performs the instruction from step 0 to the END instruction. This operation is referred to as
cyclic operation, and the time required to perform this one cycle is referred to as operation cycle (scan
time).
Operation cycle will be changed according to the contents of the programs and the actual operating orders,
ranging Hrom several msec to several tens of msec.
The PLC program created by the format of circuit diagram (ladder diagram) is also stored in the program
memory of the PLC with the format of instruction list (program list).
The conversion between instruction list (program list) and circuit diagram (ladder diagram) can be done by
using the programming software in personal computer.

29

Preparing for programming

1. Open the connector cover on the top of
the PLC.
2. Connect one end of the FX-20P-CAB0
cable to the HPP connector on the PLC,
and the other end to the cable connector
on the FX-10P.
3. Set the PLC's RUN (operation) input to
the stop side.
4. Turn the PLC ON. As the HPP
(programming device) does not have its
own power supply, power is supplied to
the HPP via the program cable.
5. Program by the following procedure.
Program all clear

FX1S PLC

Insert in direction
marked by triangle
mark.

HPP main unit

Connector cover
RUN/STOP switch
Triangle mark
Connector for
HPP connection

FX-20P-CAB0 type
program cable

Clear

Repeatedly press
this cursor key.

Reference
Read
/
Write

HPP Operations

Insert Monitor
/
/
Delete
Test

These function selection keys are switched

alternately and preference is given to the
last press of the key. For example, when
the Read/Write key is first pressed, the
mode is the Read mode. When it is
pressed twice, the mode is the Write mode.
When it is pressed three times, the mode is
the Read mode.

30

The top row on these keys indicates an

instruction word, while the symbol on the
bottom row indicates a devices symbol or
number. The HPP automatically judges
operation of these keys according to the
operation procedure. To correct a
misoperation, press the Clear key.

Load
Bus connection
instruction for N.O.
contacts

LD
LDI
OUT
END

Load inverse
Bus connection
instruction for N.C.
contacts
Out
Coil drive instruction

Step numbers
Step numbers indicate the order and
size of a program.
If you program instructions in the
order of the list program, the PLC will
automatically assign the step
numbers.

End
Instruction used for
the end of a program

Circuit program

List program
Step
0
1
2
3
4

This is called a "bus".

LD(Note 1)

OUT(Note 2)

X 000
0

Y 000

Instruction
LD
X 000
OUT Y 000
LDI
X 000
OUT Y 003
END

X 000
2

Y 003
LDI(Note 1)

(Note 1)
END

By the above program...

(Note 2)
Input X 000

OFF

ON

OFF

Output Y 000

OFF

ON

OFF

ON

OFF

ON

The LD (Load) instruction is used

for the first N.O. contact used on
the bus, and the LDI (Load
inverse) instruction is used for
N.C. contacts. Contact
instructions such as LD and LDI
are used for devices such as
input relays X, output relays Y,
timers T, counters C, and
auxiliary relays M.
Coil drive instructions such as
OUT are used for devices other
than input relays X.

Output Y 003

Output Y000 turns ON when input X000 is ON.

Output Y003 turns ON when input X003 is OFF.

31

Set
Operation hold
output instruction

SET
RST

Reset
Operation hold
cancel instruction

Circuit program

List program

X 001
0

SET

Y 000

RST

Y 000

X 003
2

END

By the above program...

Input X 001

ON

Input X 003

Output Y 000

ON

ON

Output Y000 turns ON when input X001 is turned

ON.
After this, the operation state of Y000 is held at
ON even if the state of input X001 changes from
ON to OFF.
Output Y000 turns OFF when input X003 is
turned ON.

32

The SET/RST instructions are

used for output relays Y and
auxiliary relays M, for example.
The RST instruction is also used
for counters and retentive timers.

Step
0
1
2
3
4

Instruction
LD
X 001
SET Y 000
LD
X 003
RST Y 000
END

These instructions drive

coils like the OUT
instruction.
With the OUT instruction,
coils programmed with
the OUT instruction also
turn OFF when the
contact that drives the
coil changes state from
ON to OFF. However,
when the SET (Set)
instruction is used, the
operation state of the coil
is held at ON even if the
state of the contact
changes from ON to
OFF.
The RST (Reset)
instruction is used to
change the state of the
coil driven by the SET
(Set) instruction from ON
to OFF.

AND
Series connection
instruction for N.O.
contacts

AND
ANI

AND inverse
Series connection
instruction for N.C.
contacts

Circuit program
AND
X 000

X 001

List program
Step
0
1
2
3
4
5
6

ANI

X 002

Y 000

X 003
Y 003

Instruction
LD
X 000
AND X 001
ANI X 002
OUT Y 000
AND X 003
OUT Y 003
END

AND(Note 1)
6

The AND (AND) instruction is

used for N.O. contacts and the
ANI (AND Inverse) instruction
is used for N.C. contacts
connected serially following
the LD and LDI instructions.

END

By the above program...

Input X 000

Y000 and Y003 operate when

all contacts serially connected
that are driving AND and ANI
are conducting.

ON

Input X 001

ON

(Note 1) The contact instruction

for this position is AND or
ANI.

Input X 002
ON

ON

OFF

Input X 003

Output Y 000

Output Y 003

ON

ON

ON

Output Y000 turns ON when input X000 is ON,

X001 is ON and X002 is OFF.
Output Y003 turns ON when input X000 is ON,
X001 is ON, X002 is OFF, and X003.

33

OR
Parallel connection
instruction for N.O.
contacts

OR
ORI

OR inverse
Parallel connection
instruction for N.C.
contacts

Circuit program

List program
Step
0
1
2
3
4

X 000
Y 000

X 001

The OR (OR) instruction is

used for N.O. contacts and the
ORI (OR Inverse) instruction is
used for N.C. contacts
connected in parallel following
the LD and LDI instructions.
Output Y000 in the figure on
the left operates when even
one of the contacts connected
in parallel that is driving OR
and ORI is conducting.

X 002

END

By the above program...

Input X 000

ON

Input X 001

ON

Input X 002
ON

Output Y 000

OFF

ON

ON

Output Y000 turns ON when even one condition,

input X000 ON, X001 ON or X002 OFF, is
satisfied.

34

Instruction
LD
X 000
OR
X 001
ORI X 002
OUT Y 000
END

AND block
Series connection
instruction for
parallel circuit block

ANB
Circuit program

List program
LD instruction also from
beginning of branch

X 000
0

X 001

ANB

X 002
Y 000

X 003
Parallel circuit block

OR instruction before
ANB instruction
END

By the above program...

Input X 000

ON

Input X 001

Input X 002

ON

ON

Input X 003

Output Y 000

Step
0
1
2
3
4
5
6

Instruction
LD
X 000
OR
X 001
LD
X 002
OR
X 003
ANB
OUT Y 000
END

The ANB (AND block)

instruction is used to serially
connect a circuit to which
contacts are connected in
parallel as shown in the figure
on the left. A devices number
is not assigned to the ANB
instruction. In programs like
this, the contact for input X002
also becomes an LD
instruction.
X001 and X003 become OR
instructions as these are
contacts connected in parallel
to X000 and X002 that are LD
contacts.

ON

ON

ON

Y000 operates when either of input X000 or X001

and either of X002 or X003 are ON
simultaneously.

35

OR block
Parallel connection
instruction for series
circuit block

ORB
Circuit program
X 000

List program

X 001

Y 000

ORB
X 002

X 003

Step
0
1
2
3
4
5
6

Instruction
LD
X 000
AND X 001
LD
X 002
AND X 003
ORB
OUT Y 000
END

Series circuit block

END

By the above program...

Input X 000

Input X 001

ON

ON

ON

Input X 002

Input X 003

Output Y 000

ON

ON

ON

Output Y000 operates when either inputs X000

and X001 are simultaneously ON or when inputs
X002 and X004 are simultaneously ON.

36

The OR and ORI instructions

connect a single contact in
parallel to the previous LD
contact. However, as shown in
the figure on the left, the ORB
(OR block) instruction is used
to connect a circuit, to which
contacts are connected in
series, in parallel.
A devices number is not
assigned to the ORB
instruction.
In programs like this, the
contact for input X002 also
becomes an LD instruction.

NOP

No operation
No operation
instruction

When an all clear has been performed on a program, all instructions become
NOP.
The PLC ignores NOP instructions inserted between general instructions.
However, be sure to delete NOP instructions as much as possible as they use up
unnecessary program steps and make it longer to calculation programs.

ra
Time fo

break!

37

3.2 Order of Programs

Program order
Circuit diagrams are programmed from left to right and from top to bottom.
(1)

(2)

X 000
Y 000
(3)

(5)

X 001

X 003

(6)
Y 001

(4)

(7)

X 002
Y 002
(8)

(9)

X 004

X 005

(13)
Y 003

(10)

(11)

X 006

X 007

(12)

(14)
Y 004

(15)
Y 005

(16)
END

A program like the one above is made using 16 program steps, (1) to (16).
The following shows the above program rewritten as a list program.
Step
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

38

Instruction
X 000
LD
Y 000
OUT
X 001
LD
X 002
OR
X 003
AND
Y 001
OUT
Y 002
OUT
X 004
LD
X 005
AND
X 006
LD
X 007
AND
ORB
Y 003
OUT
Y 004
OUT
Y 005
OUT
END

3.3 About Timer Circuits

Reference

Timers
Of the various timers available, this section
describes how to program a digital timer that
is held internally on a micro PLC.

Timer program
X 000
0

Y 000

T0
K 100
(10 secs)
T

Y 003

Step
0
1

Instruction
LD
X 000
OUT Y 000

OUT T0
SP
K 100

5
6
7

LD
T0
OUT Y 003

OUT T0 K100,
input from
Personal
Computer

END

Timer program

END

Enter set value

Let's try using monitor functions.

Key operation
Monitor
/
Test

Monitor
mode
M
When the monitor mode is selected, "M" is
displayed at the top left of the FX-10P screen.

By the above program...

Input X000

ON

Output Y000, T0 (coil)

ON

Output T0 (N.O. contact)

Output Y003 (coil)

10 secs

The timer contact operates after a

preset delay has elapsed after the
coil has been made conductive.
(ON delay timer)
This preset time is called the "set
value" and is expressed as K
which can be set in the range 1 to
32,767.
For example, K100 is a timer of
ten seconds.
When X000 is turned OFF while
the timer is being driven, the
present value of the timer returns
to "0" and the timer contact also
turns OFF.

ON

ON

39

3.4 About Counter Circuits

Reference

Counters
Of the various counters available, this section
describes how to program a general-purpose
counter that is held internally on a micro PLC.

X 001
RST

C0

Reset input
X 003
C0

3
Count input
C

K10

Counter program

Step
0
1
3

Instruction
LD
X 001
RST C0
X 003
LD

OUT C0
K 10
SP

7
8
9

C0
LD
OUT Y 003
END

Y 003

END

Let's try using monitor

functions.

Counter program

Key operation
Monitor
/
Test

Enter set value.

Monitor
mode

Operation
Input X001
((reset)
t)
Input X003 (count)

Present value of
counter C0

0
Output Y003

10

ON

For example,
a pedometer

40

Counters count the number of

times a contact (X003) changes
state from OFF to ON.
This contact (X003) is called the
"count input," and the value
counted by the counter is called
the "present value."
The counter operates when the
present value reaches the
specified number (set value).
The set value can be set a value
within the range 1 to 32,767.
After the counter has counted up,
the present value of the counter
does not change, and the output
contact stays in an operating
state.
When reset input X001 turns ON,
the present value of the counter
returns to "0" and the counter
contact also turns OFF.

OUT T0 K10,
input from
Personal
Computer

3.5 About Self-hold Circuits

Output operation can be held or cancelled by
programming a self-hold sequence.
Circuit program

X 003

List program

X 004

Y 003

Step
0
1
2
3
4

Instruction
LD
X 003
OR Y 003
ANI X 004
OUT Y 003
END

Y 003

By the above program...

Input X003

Y003 turns ON when X003 is

ON and X004 is OFF.

ON

Input X004

Output Y003

Reference

ON

ON

Y003 continues to operate

even if X003 is turned OFF.
(This is "self-hold operation.")
Y003 turns OFF when X004 is
turned ON.

Both of the following are the same self-hold circuit.

41

Starting with simple programs

Chapter 4
PROGRAM TRAINING
Enough for theory, and now for practice
In this chapter, you study all about handling and operation such as programming
and monitoring based on some simple examples.

42

4.1 Introductory Example 1 (Control of

Escalators)
ts
ac
at
m ch,
h is it
, t sw
So e a
lik ht?
rig

Escalator
drive Y003

Pass detection switch: 1

X003

Illumination
lamp Y000

Passdetection switch: 0
X001

Let's consider a PLC program for an escalator.

I/O assignments
Input

Pass detection switch:0

X001

Pass detection switch: 1 X003

Output

Illumination lamp

Y000

Escalator drive output

Y003

Operation
(1)Let's assume that the escalator does not move until someone approaches it.
(2)When someone approaches the escalator and turns on pass detection switch:
0, the illumination lamp lights and the escalator starts to move. (Escalator
movement is up only.)
(3) The person is carried up by the escalator, and when that person moves off
the escalator, pass detection switch: 1 turns ON, and the illumination lamp
and escalator return to a non-operating state.
In this example, consider both pass detection switches: 0 and 1 as non-hold type
switches.
Another assumption in this example is that people do not continue to get on this
escalator.

43

The program is configured as follows

Circuit program
Pass detection
switch: 0
X001

Pass detection
switch: 1
X003
Y000

Illumination lamp ON

Y003

Escalator drive

Self hold
Y000

END

Let's check operation

List program
Step
0
1
2
3
4
5

Instruction
LD X001
OR Y000
ANI X003
OUT Y000
OUT Y003
END

Enter the above program on the PLC, and

check program operation.
When input X001 is turned ON, outputs Y000
and Y003 operate. Next, when input X003 is
turned ON, outputs Y000 and Y003 become
non-operational.

Key operation
After preparing for programming (see page 3-3), create the program using the
following key operations.
PLC power
ON

Read
Write

Online
selection

Write

All clear operation

w

0
1

N O P
N O P

1
1

O R
N O P

5
6

E N D
N O P

Writing the program

44

Y 0 0 0

4.2 Introductory Example 2 (Control of Tea Dispenser)

Change tea leaves
Dispense tea button
Y 000
X 001
Check tea
Replenish water output
leaves
Y 003
Dispense
Check
X 002
Upper limit switch
X 004
Dispense tea output
Y 001

Lower limit switch

X 003
Cup detection
X 000

Let's consider a PLC program for a tea dispenser

I/O assignments
Input

Cup detection
Dispense tea button
Check tea leaves button
Replenish water tank lower limit switch
Replenish water tank upper limit switch

X000 (ON when cup is present)

X001
X002
X003
X004

output

Change tea leaves indicator lamp

Dispense tea output
Replenish water output

Y000
Y001
Y003

Explanation of operation
(1)When cup detection X000 is ON, and dispense tea button X001 is pressed
(X001 turns ON), dispense tea output Y001 operates, and hot water is poured
into the cup. Hot water is poured only for the duration that the button is
pressed, and stops being poured when you release your hand from the
button.
When cup detection X000 is OFF, hot water is not poured even by pressing
dispense tea button X001.
(2)When water in the replenish water tank gets low, lower limit switch X003 turns
ON and replenish water output Y003 operates.
When replenish water output Y003 operates and water is poured into the tank,
upper limit switch X004 finally turns ON, and replenish water output Y003
becomes non-operational.
(3)When water is replenished five times, the change tea leaves indicator lamp
lights.
(4)When the check button is pressed, the change tea leaves indicator lamp goes
out.
45

The program is configured as follows

Circuit program
X 000

X 001

Cup detection
X 003

X 004

Lower limit switch

Y 001

Dispense tea output

Y 003

Replenish water output

Dispense tea button

Upper limit switch

Y 003
Self hold
Y 003
C0
Replenish water output
C

K5

Replenish water count

0
Y 000

Change tea leaves indicator lamp

X 002
RST

C0

Counter reset

Check button
END

List program
Step
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

46

Instruction
LD
X000
AND X001
OUT Y001
LD
X003
OR Y003
ANI X004
OUT Y003
LD
Y003

OUT
SP

C0
K5

11
12
13
14
16

LD
OUT
LD
RST
END

C0
Y000
X002
C0

Let's check operation

Enter the above program on the PLC, and
check program operation.
(1)Output Y001 operates when both inputs
X000 or X001 turns ON.
(2)When input X003 turns ON, output Y003
operates, and when input X004 turns ON,
output Y003 becomes non-operational.
(3)Each time that output Y003 operates, the
OUT C0 K5,
value of counter C0 is incremented by one.
input from
When C0 reaches "5", Y000 operates.
Personal
(4)When input X002 turns ON, the value of
Computer
counter C0 returns to "0" and output Y000
becomes non-operational.
(Remarks)
With the FX-I/O demonstration training machine,
the volume of the output Y001 buzzer can be
adjusted. To raise the volume, turn the variable
resistor on the top of the buzzer clockwise. To
lower the volume, turn it counterclockwise.

4.3 Introductory Example 3 (Control of Drilling Machine)

Upper end limit switch
X 004

Drill rise output

Y 000

Drill rotation output

Y 003

Drill fall output

Y 001
Lower end limit switch
X 003

RUN
STOP

DOW
Operation start
N
Stop
button
X 001 button Fall start
X 000 button
X 002

Let's consider a PLC program for drilling on a drilling machine.

I/O assignments
Input

Stop button
Operation start button
Fall start button
Fall end limit switch
Rise end limit switch

X000
X001
X002 (Consider this to be an auto-return type pushbutton.)
X003
X004

output

Drill rise output

Drill fall output
Drill rotation output

Y000
Y001
Y003

Explanation of operation
When operation start button X001 is pressed, drill rotation output Y003 operates
and the drill starts to rotate.
When stop button X000 is pressed, drill rotation output Y003 becomes nonoperational, and drill operation stops.
If fall start button X002 is pressed during drill rotation, drill fall output Y001
operates, and the drill starts to fall. When the drill finally reaches the position of
the fall end limit switch, fall end limit switch X003 turns ON, and the drill fall
operation stops.
Three seconds after the drill fall operation stops, drill rise output Y000 operates,
and the drill rises.
The drill rise operation ends when rise end limit switch X004 turns ON after drill
rise operation has begun.
47

The program is configured as follows

Circuit program
X 001

X 000

Operation start button

Y 003

Drill rotation

Y 001

Drill fall

Stop button

Y 003
Self hold
X 002

X 003

Y 003

Fall start button Drill rotation

in progress
Y 001

Y 000

Fall end
Interlock
limit switch

Self hold
X 003
T0
Fall end limit switch
K 30
T

Y 000

X 004

Y 001

Rise end
limit switch

Interlock

Y 000

Drill rise

Self hold
END

List program
Step
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

48

Instruction
LD
X001
OR
X003
ANI X000
OUT Y003
LD
Y002
OR
Y001
AND Y003
ANI X003
ANI Y000
OUT Y001
LD
X003

11

OUT
SP

T0
K30

14
15
16
17
18
19

LD
OR
ANI
ANI
OUT
END

T0
Y000
X004
Y001
Y000

Let's check operation

Enter the above program on the PLC,
and check program operation.
(1)When input X001 is turned ON, output
Y003 operates. When input X000
turns ON, output Y003 becomes nonoperational.
(2)If input X002 is turned ON while
output Y003 is operating, output Y001
operates. When input X003 is turned
ON, output Y001 becomes nonoperational.
OUT T0 K30, (3)If input X003 is held in an ON state,
input from
timer T0 starts to count. After three
Personal
seconds, the T0 contact turns ON.
Computer
(4)When timer T0 turns ON, output Y000
operates. When input X004 turns ON,
output Y000 becomes nonoperational.

4.4 Introductory Example 4 (Control of Quiz Answer Display Panel)

Jackpot ball
SOL Y 004

Pushbutton
switch
X 000 Lamp X 001
Y 000

X 002

Lamp
Y 001

X 003

Children
Adults
PB4
SW

MC

Pushbutton
switch
X 004

Lucky chance
switch
X 005

Let's try considering a sequence program for a quiz program.

I/O assignments
Input

Children's buttons
Adult's buttons
MC's button
Lucky chance switch

X000 X001 output Children's lamp

Y000
X002 X003
Adult's lamp
Y001
X004
Jackpot ball open button Y004
X005

Explanation of operation
(1) Light the lamp that is the quickest to respond to the MC's question.
(2) The lamp lights until the MC presses pushbutton X004. Note, that the
children's team has an advantage as lamp Y000 can be made to light
whichever of pushbuttons X000 and X001 is pressed.
The adults' team have a disadvantage as lamp Y001 does not light unless
both pushbuttons X002 and X003 are pressed.
(3) When the MC has turned lucky chance switch X005 ON, the children have a
lucky chance to open the jackpot ball if they press the button within ten
seconds.

49

The program is configured as follows

Circuit program
Children X 000

X 004

Y 001

MC

Adults

Y 000

Children's lamp

Y 001

Adults' lamp

Y 004

Open jackpot ball

Children X 001

Children Y 000

Adults X 002 Adults

X 003

X 004
MC

Y 000
Children

Adults Y 001

Children Y 000

X 005
Lucky chance

Y 004

X 005
T0
Lucky chance
K 100
END

Let's check operation

List program
Let's try considering the program.
Step

Instruction

Step

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19
20

50

Instruction

Enter the above program on the PLC,

and check program operation.
(1)When X000 or X001 turns ON,
output Y000 operates and holds its
own state. Note, however, that
Y000 does not turn ON if Y001
turned ON first.
(2)Operation of Y001 is the same
except that when X004 turns
OFF, the self hold is canceled
(reset).
(3)When lucky chance input X005
turns ON, jackpot ball open output
Y005 also holds its own state by
Y000 turning ON.
Note, however, that this operation
is not performed when
T0 is
OFF. When X005 turns ON, timer
T0 starts to operate, and the output
contact operates ten seconds later.

Let's use a personal computer to create the programs!

Appendix 1
THE OPERATION OF THE GX Developer
Using a personal computer, sequence becomes easier
If a personal computer software GX Developer is used to create and edit the sequence
program, it becomes easier just like illustration making.
If the basic operations are mastered, it is just the repetition of them.
There are many functions easy to use in the software. Lets master them sequentially
starting from the necessary operations.

Smoothly starting up and adjusting

The program is accompanied by the debug.
The operation status of the PLC and program can be monitored on the personal
computer screen, so if some parts are not working as planned, confirmation and
adjustment can be conducted at once.

Make the program easy to read

There is a "comment input function" in GX Developer to make the sequence program
easy to read.
It can improve the efficiency to create and debug the program if a comment is input.

51

Appendix 1.1 Basic knowledge for operating GX Developer

Appendix 1.1.1 Construction of the GX Developers screen
1) Title bar

2) Menu bar

3) Tool bar

5) Edit screen
4) Project data list

6) Status bar

1) Title bar
The name of the opened project and the operation icon of windows are displayed.
Changing the size of GX Developer and quitting it

Display of the project

name and its path

52

Maximizing and restoring down GX Developer

Minimizing GX Developer

Quitting GX Developer

2) Menu bar

Drop down menu will be displayed after menu is selected.

3) Tool bar
The description
of the function
will be displayed
when the mouse
cursor stops at
the buttons.
*: The contents of the tool bar can be moved, added and removed, therefore the displayed items and
the layouts depend on the various environments.
The frequently used functions are configured by icon buttons. Compared to selecting from the menu,
the desired function can be directly executed.

4) Project data list

Directly specify the items

displayed by mouse clicking.

Circuit creating window, parameter setting screen and so on are displayed by tree structure.
53

5) Edit screen
5) Edit screen

Circuit creating screen, monitor screen and so on are multiply displayed by windows.

6) Status bar
The status of the operation and setting is displayed.
Current input mode is displayed

The instruction of the

mouse cursor position

54

CPU
type

The location of the

CPU connected

Scroll Lock status

Caps Lock Num Lock

status
status

Appendix 1.1.2 About the "Project"

"Project" consists of Program, Comment, Parameter and Device Memory.
An aggregate of a series of data in GX Developer is called "Project", and stored as a folded of
Windows.

Project

This is equivalent to the folder of Windows.

Program

Sequence program

Comment

Comment on the devices

Parameter

Parameter setting data of PLC

Device Memory

Contents of the current device value, or the input device value

Editing multiple projects

Start multiple GX Developer when more than one projects are to be edited.

55

Appendix 1.2 Starting GX Developer and creating a new project

Appendix 1.2.1 Starting GX Developer
1) Start from the Start button of Windows, and
select in the following order.
[Programs]

[MELSOFT Application]

[GX Developer]

2) GX Developer is started.

56

Appendix 1.2.2 Creating a new project

1) Select
from the tool bar, or select [Project]
[New project] ( Ctrl + N ) from the menu.
2) Click the [] button of [PLC series].

1) Click

1) Click

3) Select "FXCPU".
4) Click the [] button of [PLC type].
2) Click

3) Click and select

5) Select "FX3U(C)".
Note: Select the series name that is actually
used.
4) Click

5) Click and select

57

6) Click

OK

6) Click

7) New project screen is displayed and the

project can be input.

7) New project screen

Point
About the parameter setting
In FX PLC, it is not necessary to set the parameters when the comments stored in PLC are not
set or file registers are not used.
For the details of the parameters, see Appendix.

58

Appendix 1.3 Creating a circuit

Appendix 1.3.1 Creating a circuit by using the function keys
[The circuit to be created]

Point

X000

X002

Y000

In this book, the number of the input

relay and output relay is displayed
as "X000", "Y000" by three digits.
"X0", "Y1" and the "0" on the left
front can be omitted when the input
is performed from GX Developer.

Y000

X003

Y001

Point
The relationship between the function keys and the symbols of the circuit is displayed on the
buttons of the tool bar.
Main key operations
F5

F6

F7

Ctrl

F9

F9
F8

Shift

F5

Shift

F6

Shift

F9

Ctrl

F10

When creating a circuit, make sure to set to "Write Mode".

Select from the tool bar.

Select from the menu ([Edit] [Write mode]).

Use half-width characters when inputting. Full-width characters are not allowed.

59

1) Press the F5
Input "X2".
1) Input "X2"

key.

2) Input the Enter key

Cancel it by
[Cancel].
2) Confirm it by the

3) The circuit is displayed

4) Input "X0"

5) Input the Enter key

6) The circuit is displayed

7) Input "Y0"

8) Input the Enter key

9) The circuit is displayed

10) Input "Y0"

60

11) Input the Enter key

3) The circuit input

4) Press the F6
Input "X0".
5) Confirm it by the

6) The circuit input

7) Press the F7
Input "Y0".
8) Confirm it by the

Enter

key or [OK].

X2

is displayed.
key.

Enter

X0

key or [OK].

is displayed.
key.

Enter

key or [OK].

9) The circuit input

is displayed.
F5
Shift
10) Press the
+
key.
Input "Y0".
11) Confirm it by the Enter key or [OK].

ESC

or

Y0

12) The circuit is displayed

13) Move the cursor

14) Input "X3"

15) Input the Enter key

16) The circuit is displayed

is displayed.
12) The circuit input
13) Move the cursor to the beginning of the next
line.
key.
14) Press the F5
Input "X3".
15) Confirm it by the Enter key or [OK].

16) The circuit input

17) Press the F7
Input "Y1".
18) Confirm it by the

X3

is displayed.
key.

Enter

key or [OK].

18) Input the Enter key

17) Input "Y1"

19) The circuit is displayed

F4

(Convert)

20) The grey display disappears

19) The circuit input

is displayed.
!!The circuit is created!!

20) Circuit-Conversion Operation [Important]

Do the "Conversion" operation to confirm the
circuit diagram that is not confirmed (the grey
displayed part).
Press the
Or select

F4

(Convert) key.
from the tool bar, or select

[Convert] [Convert] from the menu.

The grey display disappears and the circuit is

confirmed.
If an error occurs, the cursor moves to the failure
part of the created circuit. Correct the circuit.

61

Appendix 1.3.2 Creating a circuit by using the tool buttons

[The circuit to be created]
X002

X000

Point
Y000

In this book, the number of the input

relay and output relay is displayed
as "X000", "Y000" by three digits.
"X0", "Y1" and the "0" in the left front
can be omitted when the input is
performed from GX Developer.

Y000

X003

Y001

Point
Click the tool buttons to input the symbols of the circuit.
Main tool buttons

When creating a circuit, make sure to set to "Write Mode".

Select from the tool bar.

Select from the menu ([Edit] [Write mode]).

Use half-width characters when inputting. Full-width characters are not allowed.

62

1) Click the tool button

Input "X2".
1) Input "X2"

2) Click

Cancel it by ESC
or [Cancel].

2) Confirm it by the

3) The circuit is displayed

4) Input "X0"

5) Click

6) The circuit is displayed

7) Input Y0

8) Click

9) The circuit is displayed

10) Input Y0

Enter

key or [OK].

X2

3) The circuit input

is displayed.
4) Press the tool button
.
Input "X0".
5) Confirm it by the Enter key or [OK].

X0

6) The circuit input

is displayed.
7) Click the tool button
.
Input "Y0".
8) Confirm it by the Enter key or [OK].

9) The circuit input

is displayed.
10) Click the tool button
.
Input "Y0".
11) Confirm it by the Enter key or [OK].

11) Click

63

Y0

12) The circuit is displayed

13) Move the cursor

14) Input "X3"

15) Click

is displayed.
12) The circuit input
13) Move the cursor to the beginning of the next
line.
.
14) Click the tool button
Input "X3".
15) Confirm it by the Enter key or [OK].

X3

16) The circuit is displayed

17) Input "Y1"

16) The circuit input

is displayed.
17) Click the tool button
.
Input "Y1".
18) Confirm it by the Enter key or [OK].

18) Click

19) The circuit is displayed

F4 (Convert)

20) The grey display disappears

19) The circuit input

is displayed.
!!The circuit is created!!

20) Circuit-Conversion Operation [Important]

Do the "Conversion" operation to confirm the
circuit diagram that is not confirmed (grey
display part).
Press the
Or select

F4

(Convert) key.
from the tool bar, or select

[Convert] [Convert] from the menu.

The grey display disappears and the circuit is
confirmed.
If an error occurs, the cursor moves to the failure
part of the created circuit. Correct the circuit.

64

Appendix 1.4 Writing programs to PLC

Write the created sequence program to FX PLC.

Appendix 1.4.1 Connecting PC to PLC

1) Example for connection (Personal computer side: RS-232C)
L

S/S

0V

24V

X0

X1

X2

X3

X4

X5

X6

X7

X10

X12
X11

IN

X13

X14

X15

X16

X17

X20

X21

X22

X23

X24

X25

X26

X27

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
POWER
RUN
BATT
ERROR

FX3U-48MR/ES

OUT

FX3U-48M

PLC

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Y0
Y2
COM1
Y1
Y3

Y4
Y6
COM2
Y5
Y7

Y10
Y12
COM3
Y11
Y13

Y14
Y16
Y20
Y22
Y24
Y26
COM5
COM4 Y15
Y17
Y21
Y23
Y25
Y27

built-in port
(RS-422)

RS-232C

F2-232CAB-1

FX-422CAB0

GX Developer
FX-232AWC-H
(RS-232C/RS-422 converter)

2) Example for connection (Personal computer side: USB)

L

S/S

0V

24V

X0

X1

X2

X3

X4

X5

X6

X7

X10

X12
X11

IN

X13

X14

X15

X16

X17

X20

X21

X22

X23

X24

X25

X26

X27

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
POWER
RUN
BATT
ERROR

FX3U-48MR/ES

FX3U-48M

PLC
built-in port

Y0
Y2
COM1
Y1
Y3

OUT

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Y4
Y6
COM2
Y5
Y7

Y10
Y12
COM3
Y11
Y13

Y14
Y16
Y20
Y22
Y24
Y26
COM5
COM4 Y15
Y17
Y21
Y23
Y25
Y27

USB

(RS-422)

GX Developer
FX-USB-AW
(USB/RS-422 converter)

Check the COM port number that the driver of FX-USB-AW assigns to the
personal computer. For the check procedures, see the manual of FX-USBAW.

65

3) Transparent function of GOT1000 (Personal computer side: USB)

L

S/S

0V

24V

X0

X1

X2

X3

X4

X5

X6

X7

X10

X12
X11

IN

X13

X14

X15

X16

X17

X20

X21

X22

X23

X24

X25

X26

X27

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
POWER
RUN

PLC

BATT
ERROR

FX3U-48MR/ES

built-in port
(RS-422)

FX3U-48M
Y0
Y2
COM1
Y1
Y3

OUT

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Y4
Y6
COM2
Y5
Y7

Y10
Y12
COM3
Y11
Y13

Y14
Y16
Y20
Y22
Y24
Y26
COM5
COM4 Y15
Y17
Y21
Y23
Y25
Y27

GOT1000

RS-422

USB

GX Developer
USB

GT09-C30USB-5P

66

Appendix 1.4.2 "Transfer Setup" in GX Developer

Configure the settings of GX Developer to communicate with PLC.
1) Transfer Setup is displayed
2) Double-click

1) Select [Online] [Transfer Setup].

2) Double-click the icon
.

3) Set the communication port of personal

computer side.
3) (a)
3) (b)
4) Click
3) (c)

5) Click

(a) Select "RS-232" when RS-232 connector is

used at personal computer side or FX-USB-AW
is used with the USB connector at personal
computer side.
(b) Select "USB (GOT transparent mode)" when
the transparent function of GT1000 is used with
the USB connector at personal computer side.
(c) When RS-232C connector is used at personal
computer side, the port is usually COM1.
(It may change depending on personal
computers.)
Specify the COM port number that the driver
assigns when using FX-USB-AW. (See
Section 3.7.1)

4) Click [OK] after the setting is completed.

5) Click [Connection test], to check the
communication with PLC.
6) After checking, click [OK] to confirm the
setting configured.

6) Click

67

Appendix 1.4.3 Writing a program to the PLC

L

S/S

0V

24V

X0

X1

X2

X3

X4

X5

X6

X7

X10

X12
X11

IN

X13

X14

X15

X16

X17

X20

X21

X22

X23

X24

X25

X26

X27

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

1) Set the "RUN/STOP" switch of PLC to

"STOP".

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
POWER
RUN
BATT
ERROR

FX3U-48MR/ES

FX3U-48M
Y0
Y2
COM1
Y1
Y3

1) Set to "STOP"

OUT

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Y4
Y6
COM2
Y5
Y7

Y10
Y12
COM3
Y11
Y13

Y14
Y16
Y20
Y22
Y24
Y26
COM5
COM4 Y15
Y17
Y21
Y23
Y25
Y27

2) Select

from the tool bar or select

2) Click

4) Click

[Online] [Write to PLC] from the menu.

3) Click [Param + Prog].

3) Select the data

to be written

The dialog box of the progressing rate is

displayed.

4) Click [Execute].

5) Click

68

Appendix 1.4.4 Operation monitor of the program

L

S/S

0V

24V

X0

X1

X2

X3

X4

X5

X6

X7

X10

X12
X11

IN

X13

X14

X15

X16

X17

X20

X21

X22

X23

X24

X25

X26

X27

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

1) Set the "RUN / STOP" switch of PLC to

"RUN".

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
POWER
RUN
BATT
ERROR

FX3U-48MR/ES

OUT

FX3U-48M
Y0
Y2
COM1
Y1
Y3

1) Set to "RUN"

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Y4
Y6
COM2
Y5
Y7

Y10
Y12
COM3
Y11
Y13

Y14
Y16
Y20
Y22
Y24
Y26
COM5
COM4 Y15
Y17
Y21
Y23
Y25
Y27

2) Select
from the tool bar or select [Online]
[Monitor] [Monitor mode] from the menu.

2) Click

Operation check by operation monitor

1) Set [Switch X002 is "ON"] with the status [Switch X000 is "OFF"], and then check [Output Y000 is
"ON"].
2) Check [Output Y000 is "ON"] while [Switch X002 is "OFF"].
3) Set [Switch X000 is "ON"] and then check [Output Y000 is "OFF"].
4) Check [Output Y001 is "ON/OFF"] in accordance with [Switch X003 is "ON/OFF"].

69

Reference
(1) The display of the monitor status dialog

1)

2)

3)

4)

1) Scan time
The maximum scan time of the sequence
program is displayed.
2) PLC status
The status of the PLC is displayed.
3) The execution status of the monitor
It is flashing when the monitor is being
executed.
4) Memory type display
The memory type of the PLC is displayed.

(2) The interpretation of the status display for the circuit monitor
1) Contact Instruction
Input contact
Type

X0: OFF

X0: ON

X000

X000

Circuit open

Circuit close

X000

X000

Circuit close

Circuit open

Non-execution/
Non-drive

Execution/Drive

Y000

Y000

SET M0

SET M0

NO contact

NC contact

2) Out Instruction
Driving status
Type

OUT instruction

SET instruction,
etc.

The ON/OFF status of the device to be rest is displayed by the monitor using RST instruction.
Type

Device status When device to be

reset is OFF

RST instruction

70

RST M0

When device to be
reset is ON
RST M0

Appendix 1.5 Editing the circuit

Appendix 1.5.1 Correcting the circuit
Point
Make sure to set to "Write Mode" when amending the circuit.
Select from the tool bar.
Select from the menu ([Edit][Write mode]).

Use half-width characters when inputting. Full-width characters are not allowed.
Switch between "Ovrwrte" and "Insert"
Set to "Ovrwrte" when correcting the already created circuit diagram.
The new circuit will be inserted when the "Insert" mode is set to.

It switches between
"Ovrwrte" and "Insert"
by pressing the Insert key.

71

1) Changing the number of the OUT coils and the contacts

[The circuit to be corrected]
X002

X000
Y000

Y000
Change to
Y002

X003
Y001

1) Double-click the part need to be corrected.

1) Double-click

2) Change "Y001" to "Y002".

2) Change "Y002"

3) Input the Enter key

4) The corrected result is displayed

F4

3) Confirm it by the Enter key or [OK].

4) The corrected result is displayed and the
circuit block is displayed in grey.

(Convert)
5) Confirm the changes by pressing the
(Convert) key.

72

F4

2) Adding lines
[The circuit where lines are to be added to]
X002

X000
Y000

Y000

Add the vertical/

horizontal lines and
create the OUT coil

Y003
X003
Y001

1) Click

Locate the cursor on the upper right of the

beginning of the vertical chart to be added

1) Click

F10

) on the tool bar.

2) Locate the cursor on the upper right of the

desired vertical line to be added, and then
drag it until it reaches the desired position, and
then drop it.

2) Drag

4) The position of the cursor

The lines are added

3) The line reaching the dropped position is

added.
4) Locate the cursor on the position where the
OUT coil is to be added to and click
on the
tool bar.

5) Input "Y3".
6) Confirm it by the

5) Change "Y003"

Enter

key or [OK].

6) Input the Enter key

73

7) The circuit adding

is completed

F4

7) The circuit adding is finished and the circuit

block is displayed in grey.

(Convert)
8) Confirm the changes by pressing the
(Convert) key

F4

on the tool bar again to finish the

Click
operation.

74

3) Deleting lines
[The circuit where lines are to be deleted]
X002

X000
Y000

Delete this
circuit

Y000
Y003
X003
Y001

1) Click

Locate the cursor on the upper right

of vertical line to be deleted

2) Drag

3) Delete the lines

1) Click

Alt

F9

on the tool bar.

2) Locate the cursor on the upper right of the

desired vertical line to be deleted, and then
drag it until it reaches the desired position, and
then drop it.

3) The lines are deleted.

4) Delete the OUT coil by the

Delete

key.

4) Delete it by the Delete key

75

5) The deleted circuit block is displayed in grey.

F4

(Convert)
6) Confirm the changes by pressing the
(Convert) key.

F4

on the tool bar again to finish the

Click
operation.

76

Appendix 1.5.2 Inserting and deleting lines

1) Adding lines
[The circuit where a line is to be inserted into]
X001
Y002
X002

Add this line

X000
Y000

Y000
X003
Y001

1) Move the cursor to the line

below the one to be inserted

A line is inserted above the line where the cursor

is located
1) Locate the cursor on the line below the one to
be inserted.

2) Right click the mouse at any place, and select

[Insert line].
2)
Right click
the mouse
Select "Insert line"

3) The line is inserted.

3) New line is inserted

4) Add a circuit

4) Add a program in the inserted line.

X001
Y002

5) Confirm the changes by pressing the

(F4) key.

Convert

77

2) Deleting lines
[ The circuit where a line is to be deleted ]
X001
Y002
X002

X000
Y000

Y000
X003
Y001

Delete this line

1) Move to the line to be deleted

1) Move the cursor to
the line to be deleted

2) Right click the mouse at any place, and select

[Delete line]
2)
Right click
the mouse
Select "Delete line"

3) The line is deleted

3) The line is deleted

Point
The line to be deleted is displayed in grey.
Confirm it by pressing Convert (F4).

78

Appendix 1.5.3 Cutting and copying (pasting) the circuit

1) Cut
[The circuit to be edited]
X007
Y007
X002

Cut this line

X000
Y002

Y002
X004
Y004

1) Move the cursor to The cut and copy area

the beginning of the
cut area

2) Drag it until it reaches the desired

position, and then drop it
3) Execute cut

4) The selected
area is cut

1) Move the cursor to the beginning of the circuit

to be cut.

2) Drag it until it reaches the desired position,

and then drop it.
from the tool bar or select [Edit]
3) Select
[Cut] ( Ctrl + X ) from the menu, and execute
the cut.

4) The selected area is cut

The grey displayed part is remained when one
part of the circuit is cut. Confirm it by the F4
(Convert) key after the circuit is amended.

79

X002

X000
Y000

Copy this
line

Y000
X004
Y004
X002

X000
Y000

Paste it to
this line

Y000

1) Move the cursor to the

beginning of the copy area

3) Execute
copy

2) Drag it until it reaches the desired

position, and then drop it.

4) Move the cursor to the

position where to copy

Continue to edit the circuit with the "cut" operation

performed in the previous steps.
1) Move the cursor to the beginning of circuit to
be copied.

2) Drag it until it reaches the desired position,

and then drop it.
from the tool bar or select [Edit]
3) Select
[Copy] ( Ctrl + C ) from the menu.

4) Move the cursor to the position where to

paste.

Point
Switch by the Insert key
"Ovrwrte" mode : Pastes by overwriting in
the cursor position.
"Insert" mode : Pastes by inserting in the
cursor position.

5) Select
from the tool bar or select [Edit]
[Paste] ( Ctrl + V ) from the menu.
The grey displayed part is remained when one part of
the circuit is pasted. Confirm it by the F4 (Convert) key
after the circuit is amended.

5) Finish copy/paste

80

Appendix 1.6 Saving the created circuit

Appendix 1.6.1 Save as and save
Point
If there are circuits not converted in the program, press

Convert

(F4) and save it.

from the tool bar or select [Project]

1) Select
[Save] ( Ctrl + S ) from the menu.

1) Click

(When it is saved by overwriting)

Project saving is finished

(When it is newly saved)

3) Specify the project name

2) Specify the storage
destination for the project

5) Click

4) Specify the title (optional)

2) Specify the storage destination for the project.

3) Specify the project name.
4) Specify the title describing the project
(optional).
5) Click Save .

6) Click Yes
finish it.

in the conformation dialog and

6) Click

If there is not sufficient space in the floppy disk to

save the project, temporarily save it to the hard
disk and then move it to the other floppy disk.

Reference
The following characters cannot be used in the project name.
/ , ,> ,< ,* ,? , , , | , : , ; ( ; , are only used to specify the driver)
Also, do not use . (period) at the end of the project name.
When the project name is specified with 8 or more characters by GX Developer (later than SW6D5GPPW), characters past the 8th character will not be displayed if read by the old versions (older than
SW2D5-GPPW) of GX Developer.
The project path plus its name is within 150 half-width characters (75 full-width characters).
The tile is within 32 half-width characters (16 full-width characters).
If there are spaces in the project path and project name, GX Developer cannot start normally even if
GPPW.gpj, ***.gps is double-clicked in the Explorer window.
If there are spaces in the project path and project name, open the project by starting GX Developer
selecting [Project] [Open project] from the menu.

81

Appendix 1.6.2 Saving the project as a new one

Point
If there are circuits not converted in the program, press

Convert

(F4) and save it.

1) Select [Project] [Save as] from the menu.

1) Click

3) Specify the project name

2) Specify the storage
5) Click
destination for the project

2) Specify the storage destination for the project.

3) Specify the project name.
4) Specify the title describing the project
(optional).
5) Click Save .

4) Specify the title (optional)

6) Click Yes
finish it.
6) Click

in the confirmation dialog and

For the way to name the driver/path and the project,

see the previous page.
If there is not sufficient space in the floppy disk to
save the project, temporarily save it to the hard
disk and then move it to the other floppy disk.

82

Appendix 1.6.3 Reading the project

Reference
If another project is open at the reading operation, the project is closed.
If there are circuits not converted in the project or the project is not saved, the warning message is
displayed.

from the tool bar or select [Project]

1) Select
[Open project] ( Ctrl + O ) from the menu.

1) Click

2) Select the storage

destination of the project.

2) Select the storage destination of the project.

3) Select the project to be read.
4) Click Open and read the project.

4) Click
3) Select the project name

83

Appendix 1.7 Necessary operation for the debug of the program

For connecting to PLC and the writing of the program, see "3.4Writing programs to PLC".

Appendix 1.7.1 Circuit monitor

Display the circuit, and monitor the conduction status of the contacts and the driving status of the coils

1) Select
from the tool bar or select [Online]
[Monitor] [Monitor mode] from the menu.

2) The ON/OFF status of the circuit and the

current value of the word device (timer,
counter and data register) are displayed in the
circuit monitor window.
3) Right click the window, select [Stop monitor] to
quit the circuit monitor.
4) In order to correct and write the program,
select
from the tool bar or select [Edit]
[Write mode] from the menu.

84

Reference
(1) the display of the monitor status dialog

1)

2)

3)

4)

1) Scan time
The maximum scan time of the sequence
program is displayed.
2) PLC status
The status of the PLC is displayed.
3) The execution status of the monitor
It is flashing when the monitor is being
executed.
4) Memory type display
The memory type of the PLC is displayed.

(2) The interpretation of the status display for the circuit monitor
1) Contact Instruction
Input contact
Type

X0: OFF

X0: ON

X000

X000

Circuit open

Circuit close

X000

X000

Circuit close

Circuit open

Non-execution/
Non-drive

Execution/Drive

Y000

Y000

SET M0

SET M0

NO contact

NC contact

2) Out Instruction
Driving status
Type

OUT instruction

SET instruction,
etc.

The ON/OFF status of the device to be reset is displayed by the monitor using RST instruction.
Type

Device status When device to be

reset is OFF

RST instruction

RST M0

When device to be
reset is ON
RST M0

85

Appendix 1.7.2 Device registration monitor

1) Registering optional devices
Register the optional devices in the monitor window and monitor the necessary part only.
1) Set the circuit monitor status. (See Section
3.7.1.)
2) Select [Monitor] [Entry data monitor] from
the menu. Or right click the circuit window and
select [Entry data monitor].

3) Click [Register devices] in the "Entry data

monitor" window.
3) Click

4) Input the device number to be registered in the

Register device window.
4) Input the device

5) Click [Register].
5) Click
Select "32 bit integer"
when you want to
nomitorthe device in
32 bits.

6) The device is registered in the monitor

window.

7) Click

86

7) Click [Start monitor], and the value showing

the device action and the ON/OFF status of
the contacts and coils are displayed.

2) Registering the devices displayed in the circuit monitor

Specify the area of the circuit diagram in the circuit monitor window and register all of the devices in the
area.

1) Set to the status of the circuit monitor. (See

Section to 3.7.1.)
2) Select [Monitor] [Entry data monitor] from
the menu. Or right click the circuit window and
select [Entry data monitor]. (See the previous
page)
3) Select [Window] [Tile horizontally] from
the menu to display the "Circuit window"
and "Entry data monitor window" apposed
together. (Set "Entry data monitor window" to
the status of stop monitoring.)
4) The "Circuit window" and "Entry data monitor
window" are displayed horizontally.
5) Click the start point of the circuit.
6) Click the end point while pressing
[Shift] key to select the area.

7) Click

5) Click the start point of the circuit.

6) Click the end point while pressing the [Shift]
key to select the area.
7) Drag the selected area to the "Entry data
monitor window".

8) The devices are registered to the monitor

window.
9) Click [Start monitor], and the value showing
the device action and the ON/OFF status of
the contacts and coils are displayed.

9) Click

87

Appendix 1.7.3 Device batch monitor

Specify the start number and monitor the continuous devices.

1) Set to the status of the circuit monitor. (See

Section 3.7.1.)
2) Select [Monitor] [Device batch] from the
menu. Or right click the circuit window and
select [Device bath].

3) Input the device

3) Input the start number of the devices to be

monitored in the "Device batch monitor"
window and then press the Enter key, and
then click [Start monitor].

4) The value showing the device action and the

ON/OFF status of the contacts and coils are
displayed.

88

Appendix 1.7.4 Device test

1) Forced ON/OFF
Forcedly turn ON/OFF the bit devices of PLC (M,Y,T,C and so on). (The forced ON/OFF function of X is
not available.)
When PLC is running, the forced ON/OFF function can turn on or off the devices only for one scan and
the operations according to the sequence program are given priority. When checking the output, set
PLC to the STOP status.

1) Set to the status of the circuit monitor. (See

Section 3.7.1.)
2) Select [Monitor] [Device] [Device test]
from the menu. Or right click the circuit
window and select [Device test].

3) Input the device

3) Input the device number to be forcedly turned

on/off.
4) Click

Reference

4) [FORCE ON]: Turns on the device.

[FORCE OFF]: Turns off the device.
[Toggle force]: Switches the ON/OFF status
of the device is switched each time it is
pressed.

Forced ON/OFF (Circuit monitor window)

The specified device can be forcedly turned on/off by double-clicking any bit device (contact, coil) in
[Circuit monitor window] while pressing the [Shift] key.

89

2) Changing the current value of the word device

Change the current specified value of the PLC's word device (T, C, D and so on).

1) Set to the status of the circuit monitor. (See

Section 3.7.1.)
2) Select [Monitor] [Debug] [Device test]
from the menu. Or right click the circuit
window and select [Device test].

3) Input the device number to be changed.

4) Input the a new value.
5) Click [Set].
3) Input the device

4) New value

90

5) Click

Appendix 1.7.5 Writing the program during RUN

Write the corrected part of the circuit to PLC when the PLC is running.
Less time is needed for the writing because of not transferring the entire program.

1) Adding the contact to the circuit on the left is

described as an example.
Display the circuit diagram and set it to write
mode (
).

2) Add the contact.

The circuit block is displayed in grey.
2) Add the contact

Write during RUN

Shift+F4

3) Pressing [Shift] and [F4] together, or select

[Convert] [Convert (Write during RUN)]
from the menu.
4) Click [Yes] to confirm the warning message
about confirming the safety of the PLC
controlling changes due to the program
changes

4) Click

5) The message "RUN write processing has

completed." is displayed and click [OK].

5) Click

Caution
It is impossible to write the program to PLC if the program before corrected in PLC is different from
the one in GX Developer. Verify it in advance, or transfer it by [Write to PLC] if not knowing whether
they are the same.

91

Appendix 1.8 Inputting comment

Appendix 1.8.1 Types of the comment
The following 3 types of the comments can be input.

Type

Purpose

The number of
the characters
(full-width)

Remark

1) Device comment

The comment describing the role

and function of each device

16

It is necessary to set "Comment

capacity setting" for the parameter
when writing to PLC. "Comment range
setting" for the writing also needs to be
set.

2) Statement

The comment describing the role

and function of the circuit blocks

32

It is only the comment (peripheral) in

the GX Developers side. (It is not put in
PLC)

3) Note

The comment describing the

role and function of the output
instructions

16

It is only the comment (peripheral) in

the GX Developers side. (It is not put in
PLC)

[Comment Examples]
2) Statement

START Circuit
0

X000

T7

Start Conveyor
Stop
Time
Y000

<The Start Btn truns on lamp > Y000

(Y000 ) A/S
Lamp A/S
Green

3) Note

Lamp
Green
Buzzer Time Setting

<Buzzer rings awhile

4 Y000
Lamp Green
8

1) Comment

T5

(Y001 )
Buzzer

2-second Timer

Point

>
K20 T5
B/D
T5
2-second B/D
Timer

10
8

T5 NO contact exists at step10,

whereas T5 NC contact exists at step8.

How to display the comment

Select [Display] [Display comment] from the menu and then the comments are displayed.
Do the above operation again to stop comment displaying

92

Appendix 1.8.2 Operation for creating the device comment

1) How to input the device comment from the list
1) Click [Device comment] [COMMENT] in the
project list.

1) Click

2) Input the device number

2) Input the start number of the devices which

are to be commented in "Device name", and
click [Display].
3) Input comments in the "Comment" column.
When inputting comments for another
device, Input the device number again
following step 2.

3) Input comments

2) How to input the device comment from the circuit diagram

1) Double-click
2) Input the comment

1) Click
from the tool bar and double-click the
circuit diagram symbol to be commented.
2) Input the comment in the "Enter symbol"
window and click [OK].
on the tool bar again to finish the
Click
operation.
93

Point

Setting for writing the device comments to PLC

It is necessary to set "Parameter setting" and "Comment range setting" to write the device comments
to PLC.

1) Parameter setting
Select [Parameter] [PLC parameter].
Set the "number of blocks" in the "Comment capacity" setting.
One block is equivalent to a 50-point comment, occupying the capacity of 500-step program
memory.

Comment capacity setting

The capacity of the program

reduces according to the
reduction of the comment capacity.

2) Comment range setting

Select [Device comment] [Comment], and then the comment input screen is displayed.
Select [Edit] [Setup comment range] from the menu.
Set the type and the range of the devices to be written to PLC in the Setup comment rang
dialog.

Comment
range setting

Reference

How to input comments when creating a circuit

Continues during command write

94

Select [Tool] [Options] from the menu, Check

"Continues during command write" of the
[Comment input] box in the [Program common]
tab.
After configuring the settings as above, the
operation of the circuit input continues and the
"Enter symbol" window described in step 2) is
displayed, when the circuit is being created.

Appendix 1.8.3 Operation for creating the statement

1) Double-click

1) Click
from the tool bar, and double-click
anywhere of the circuit block which the
statement is to be written to.

2) Input the statement

2) Input the statement in the "Enter line

statements" window and click [OK].
on the tool bar again to finish the
Click
operation.

Appendix 1.8.4 Operation for creating the note

1) Double-click
2) Input the note

1) Click
from the tool bar, and double-click
the output instruction symbol which the note is
to be written to.
2) Input the note in the "Enter Note" window and
click [OK].
on the tool bar again to finish the
Click
operation.

95

Appendix 1.9 Operation for creating the program list

In GX Developer, the program can also be created by list.

Appendix 1.9.1 Displaying the list edit screen

1) The list edit screen is displayed

1) Create a new project (See Section 3.2.2.) or

display the circuit of the existing project.
2) Select
from the tool bar or select [View]
[List display] from the menu.

3) The list edit screen is displayed.

Click
on the tool bar again or select [View]
[Circuit display] from the menu to return to
the circuit display.

3) The list edit screen

is displayed

Appendix 1.9.2 How to input instructions

Initial screen

96

After list input

1) Input the instruction language from step 0

sequentially.
The step number is added automatically when
instruction is input. (For the input procedures,
see the next page.)

 How to input the basic instructions and the applied instructions

A "space" is input between the instruction language, device number and operand.

[Examples for the basic instructions]

LD

X0

Enter

OUT

Y0

Enter

LDI

X0

Enter

AND

Y0

Enter

OUT

M0

Enter

LD

M0

Enter

OUT

T0

K10

Enter

OUT

C0

K5

Enter

Connection and OUT instructions

Coil instructions for the timer and counter

[Examples for the applied instructions]
MOV

K1 D0

Enter

CMP

K20 D3 M10

Enter

Reference

The key operation when inputting/editing

"Ovrwrte"/"Insert" mode switches by pressing the

Insert

key.

An instruction can be deleted by the Delete key.

[Insert line] and [Delete line] operations can be done by the right click of the mouse

97

Appendix 1.9.3 Checking the content of the list input

Confirm that there are no errors in the program created by list input in the circuit display.

1) Select
from the tool bar, or select
[View] [Circuit display] from the menu.

2) Check whether the circuit created by list input

is displayed.

3) Select [Tools] [Check program] to execute

the program check, and check whether errors
occur and the error steps.

98

Appendix 2
SFC Program Outline

99

SFC Method (Reference)

(SFC=Sequential Function Chart)
Generally, relay sequences are used for sequences. However, as relay
sequences express electrical operation, an experienced engineer is needed for
design and maintenance in many cases. The circuit method, SFC, solves this
problem.
SFC or sequential function charts express machine operation over time. SFC
charts simplify programming on PLCs and free you from the need of having to
perform complicated sequence design.

Main Features of SFC Method

(1)Constantly changing sequences are expressed by process progression
operation.
(2)Circuits that contain interlock circuits or redundant output need not be
designed. (This is automatically processed by the PLC.)
(3)Overall control content and operation is easy to understand.
(4)A dynamic monitor function does away with the need for an experienced
engineer for problem solving.
Start pushbuttonPB
Advance

LS3

LS2 1st movement

Motor
advance
retract

Operation

Start button
pushbutton

5 secs
pause
LS2

Retract

Advance LS4

2nd movement
Retract

(1)When the start pushbutton is pressed, the carrier advances

and is immediately retracted when limit switch 3 operates.
(2)When limit switch 2 operates due to the carrier being
retracted, carrier movement is paused for five seconds, and
then the carrier advances again. When limit switch 4
operates, the carrier is immediately retracted.
(3)When limit switch 2 finally operates, the carrier drive motor
comes to a stop.

The following page shows the above operation expressed as an SFC.

The simple programming panel FX-10P/FX-20P or personal computer or other
graphic programming panel is used for programming.

100

Appendix 3
Training Machine's I/O Wiring Example

101

Example of SFC using a Micro PLC

S0 and S20 are called "states," and
serve as auxiliary relays in the SFC.
S
X 001

0
Start button pushbutton

S 20
X 003

Y 000

Small advance Advance

limit switch 3
Y 001

S 21
X 002

Retract
limit switch 2

S 22
T

K 50

Y 000

Large advance Advance

limit switch 4

S 24
X 002

Timer Pause timer (5 secs)

S 23
X 004

Retract

Y 001

Retract
limit switch 2

Retract

The first state of an SFC is called the

"initial state," and is turned ON by a
RUN pulse signal. (When the state is
turned ON, its ON state is held.)
S20 turns ON (ON state is held) as long
as start signal X001 (transition condition) directly underneath is ON. (At the
same time, S0 turns OFF by automatic
processing.) As a result, advance Y000
turns ON.
Next, when small advance X003 turns
ON, S21 turns ON and retract Y001
turns ON. (At the same time, S20 and
Y000 turn OFF by automatic processing.)
Then, likewise, when the transition condition turns ON, the respective next
state turns ON.
Programs can be made using either instruction words or SFC charts.

Reference
"Initial state" refers to the state at the top of the SFC.
"RUN pulse" is the signal that is generated when the PLC is in RUN
mode.
"Transition condition" refers to the transition signal that is used for moving between states.
SFC operation is shown as follows.

S 20

Y 000

Movement between operation

states is performed as long as
transition condition X003
directly under the operation

S 20

Y 001

state has operated. After this,

the transition source state
becomes non-operational.

S 21

X 003

S 21
X 002

102

Y 000

X 003

X 002

Y 001

Appendix 3 I/O Wiring Diagram for Training Machine

Programming panel
FX-10P
Power supply
AC100V

Breaker

Micro PLC
L
N

Y 000
Lamp (red)

Variable resistor
Low
High
X 000

Y 001

Pushbutton switch

Buzzer
X 001
Y 002

Pushbutton switch

Magnetic contactor
X 002
Toggle switch

Y 003
Relay
X 003

Contact
Motor

Limit switch
Y 004
X 004

Solenoid valve

Proximity switch
X 005

X 006
COM0
~

Select switch

COM

COM2

FX-I/0 DEMO Type Training Machine

103

HEAD OFFICE: TOKYO BUILDING, 2-7-3 MARUNOUCHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO 100-8310, JAPAN
HIMEJI WORKS: 840, CHIYODA CHO, HIMEJI, JAPAN

JY997D22101B
(MEE)

Effective
Specifications are subject to change without notice.