Manual Muscle Testing: Grade Value Description

MMT Handbook: Hislop & Montgomery
Manual Muscle Testing

Muscle testing consists of strong, static,
isometric muscle contraction. Limiting
joint motion and focusing on the muscle
allows for determination of a problem with
a muscle or possibly if it is a condition in
the inner tissues
Grading for MMT:
Grade
Value
5
Normal
4
Good
3+
Fair Plus
3
2+
Fair
Poor plus
Poor
2-
Poor minus
Trace
Zero
Description
Full ROM against
gravity, maximal
resistance
Full ROM against
gravity, moderate
resistance
Full ROM against
gravity, slight
resistance
Full ROM against gravity
Atleast 50% ROM
against gravity, slight
resistance
Full ROM, gravity
eliminated
Atleast 50% ROM,
gravity eliminated
Visible or palpable
contraction
No muscle Contraction
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Upper Extremity
Scapular Abduction and Upward and
Rotation
(Serratus Anterior)
MMT for grades 5, 4 and 3
Patient position:
Patient should be in supine with
shoulder flexed to 90 degrees. The
shoulder should be raised off the table.
Therapist and patient Instructions:
Therapist stands over the patient,
resistance is given over the hand in a
downward direction. The stabilizing hand
is placed around the wrist.
MMT for grade 2, 1 and 0
Patient Position:
Patient sitting with entire arm in
same postion as above except now the
arm is resting on the table and the scapula
is not abducted.
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Therapist and Patient Instructrions:
Palpate the serratus anterior
while you ask the patient to slide the arm
forward on the table
Scapular Elevation
(Trapezius (upper fibers)
Patient Position:
Patient is sitting with back facing
the therapist.
Therapist and Patient Instructions:
Therapist should be standing
behind the patient with hands placed over
the acromial ends of the clavicle and
scapula. The resistance is then placed in a
downward direction. PTs ask the patient
to shrug your shoulders and hold it.
Dont let me push them down. The
therapist attempts to push the patients
shoulder down.
Patient position:
Patient will be in prone position
on the table with arms at sides.
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Therapist should be standing on
the side of the patient to be tested. The
trapezius should be palpated while asking
the patient to raise your shoulder to
your ear
Scapular Adduction (Retraction)

Patient Position:
Patient should be in prone
position with the shoulder at the edge of
the table. The arm should be abducted to
90 degrees, the elbow should be bent at
90 degrees. The forearm is perpendicular
to the floor.
Resistance hand should be placed
at the distal end of the humerus. The
stabilizing hand should be on the medial
and superior border of the scapula. The
therapist should ask the patient to lift
your elbow toward the ceiling and
hold it. Dont let me push it down.
The examiner should be pushing down on
the elbow while the patient holds it up.
MMT for Grades 2, 1 and 0
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Patient position:
Patient should be in the same
position as above for the normal test,
except in this position the therapist needs
to hold the patients arm so that the
weight of the limb is supported.
The trapezius should be palpated
while asking the patient to, lift your
elbow toward the ceiling.
Scapular Depression and Adduction
(Trapezius (lower fiber)
Patient Position:
Patient should be in prone
position with arm abducted at the
shoulder about 145 degrees. The elbow
should be extended.
while asking the patient to, lift your
elbow toward the ceiling.
Scapular Depression and Abduction
(Trapezius(lower fibers)
Patient Position:
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Patient should be lying prone with
arm abducted at the shoulder about 145
degrees .The elbow should be extended.
The resistance is given downward
toward the floor at a position just above
the elbow on the humerus. The therapist
should stabilize at the inferior angle and
medical border of the scapula. The patient
should raise his arm to the level of his ear
and hold it there against the resistance.
Ask the patient to,raise your arm off
the table as high as you can .Dont let
me push it back down.
Patient Position:
The positioning is the same as for
the normal test. However , in this position
rather than giving resistance just above
the elbow you will now support the limb
just above the elbow.
while the patient tries to lift the arm off
the table.
Shoulder Flexion
(Anterior Deltoid, Coracobrachialis ,
and Supraspinatus )
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MMT for Grades 5,4 and 3
Patient Position:
Patient should be sitting, shoulder
flexed to 90 degrees, hand pronated.
Resistance should be given at the
humerus just above the elbow in a
downward direction. The other hand may
be placed on the shoulder to stabilize. Ask
the patient to raise your arm to the
height of your shoulder , make sure
your palm faces the ground , hold it
there and dont let me push it down.

Patient Position:
Sitting with arm at side and the
elbow just slightly flexed.
The therapist should palpate the
deltoid by placing the thumb and
forefinger around the anterior surface of
the deltoid, then palpate the
coracobrachialis and supraspinatus as
well. Ask the patient to try and raise
his/her arm.
Shoulder Extension
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(Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, and
Posterior deltoid)
Patient Position
Patient is lying prone with arms
at sides palm facing up.
Patient should lift arm off the
table as high as they can .Resistance is
placed in a downward direction at the
humerus just above the elbow. The
stabilizing hand is placed on the medical
border and inferior angle of the scapula.
Ask the patient to lift arm up as high
as you can, dont let me push it back
down.
To Isolate Latissimus Dorsi
Patient Position:
Patient position is the same as
for the above test except the shoulder is
shrugged to the level of the chin.
The therapist holds the wrist with
both hands and will push the arm toward
the head while the patient pushes down
toward the feet . Ask the patient to
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,push down toward your feet , dont
let me push your arm up.
Alternate Test for Shoulder
Extension , Isolate Latissimus Dorsi
Have the patient sit on the table
with arms at sides, hands flat on the table.
Therapist should stand behind the patient
and palpate the latissimus dorsi. Then the
patient will lift his/her buttocks off the
table, bearing their body weight on their
hands. If the patient can perform this
action it is a grade 5. If patient is unable
to lift off the table then an alternate test
should be used to establish lower ratings.

Patient Position:
Patient is lying prone with arms at sides
palm facing up.
Ask the patient to lift their arm
off the table as high as they can. The
therapist should palpate the latissimus
dorsi at the thoracic wall, and the
posterior deltoid just above the axilla.
Shoulder Scaption
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(Deltoid and Supraspinatus)
Patient Instructions:
Patient is sitting with shoulder
flexed to 90 degrees, the shoulder Is then
moved ghalfway between flexion and
abduction.
In shoulder scaption, resistance is
placed at the humerus above the elbow
and applied in a downward direction . The
stabilizing hand is placed on the shoulder .
In order to describe this motion to the
patient to , raise arm to shoulder
height and halfway between straight
ahead and out to the side , dont let
me push it down.
MMT for Grades 2, 1and 0

Patient Position:
Patient will be standing , trunk
flexed to about 90 degrees , the shoulder
and arm in the same position as the above
. The trunk flexion allows for the
movement to be performed in a gravityeliminated position.
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Ask the patient to try and raise
his arm in this position. Palpate the deltoid
and supraspinatus.
Shoulder Abduction
(Middle deltoid and Supraspinatus)
Patient Position:
Patient should be sitting
with shoulder abducted to 90 degrees,
hand pronated.
Resistance is placed at the
humerus just above the elbow and is
applied in a downward direction. The
stabilizing hand is on the shoulder .Ask the
patient to , "lift your arm out to your
side to shoulder height, dont let me
push it down.

Patient Position:
Sitting with the arm in 90 degrees
abduction supported at the elbow by the
therapist. Therapist is standing just behind
the arm cradling it for support.
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Therapist palpates the deltoid
and supraspinatus while the patient tries
Shoulder Horizontal Abduction
(Posterior Deltoid)
Patient Position:
Patient is prone , shoulder is
abducted to 90 degrees and elbow is
flexed to 90 degrees off the edge of the
table.
Resistance is given at the
humerus just above the elbow. Stabilizing
hand is on the shoulder. Ask the patient to
lift arm up off the table, dont let me push
it down.
MMT for Grades 2, 1,and 0
Patient Position:
Sitting with test arm in same
position as above , arm is supported by
the therapist.
Ask the patient to try and bring
elbow back, demonstrate to make the
explanation easier. Palpate the posterior
deltoid.
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Shoulder Horizontal Adduction
(Pectoralis major)
MMT for Grade 5, 4 and 3
Patient Position:
Patient is supine with about
60degrees of shoulder abduction and 90
degrees of elbow flexion.
Resistance is given at the wrist
the therapist pulls back towards the
shoulder while the patient pulls min
toward the hip.
The patient then pushes out
toward the shoulder while the therapist
pulls over the deltoid. To test the
clavicular head ask the patient to move
your arm up and in , dont let me pull
it back. For the sternal head, move
your arm down and in, dont let me
pull it back.
Patient Position:
Same as above except the
therapist should now support the limb at
the wrist.
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Patient attempts to horizontally
adduct , the therapist should be palpating
the pectoralis major muscle at the
clavicle.
Elbow Flexion
(Biceps brachii, Brachialis, and
Brachioradialis)
Patient Position:
Patient is sitting with slight
shoulder flexion and the elbow flexed past
90 degrees ,forearm is supinated.
Ask the patient to , hold your
elbow bent, dont let me straighten it
out. Resistance is given at the wrist in a
downward direction. The stabilizing hand
is placed one the shoulder.
Alternate Test for Elbow Flexion
This alternate test is performed if
the biceps and brachialis are weak.
Pronating the hand will instead use the
brachioradialis , extensor carpi radialis
longus, pronator teres, and other wrist
flexors.
Patients positioning is the same ,
except the forearm is now pronated and
the stabilizing hand is under the elbow
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joint. Testing procedure is the same as
above.
Patient Position:
Patient should be lying prone ,
arm ,at side.
Have the patient try to flex their
elbow, palpate the flexors on the forearm.
Elbow Extension
(Triceps Brachii)
Patient Position:
Patient is prone on the table with
the shoulder abducted to 90degrees, the
entire arm should be off the table and the
therapist can stabilize the arm at the
humerus just above the elbow. The elbow
should be in full extension.
At the wrist resistance is applied
in a downward direction.Ask the patient to
,Straighten your elbow. The elbow
should be in full extension.
MMT for Grade 2, 1 and 0
Patient Position:
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Patient is sitting , Arm is
abducted at the shoulder 90 degrees and
the forearm is flexed at the elbow. The
therapist supports the limb.
Therapist should palpate the triceps of the
posterior arm proximal to the olecranon
process, ask the patient to straighten out
his/her arm.
Forearm Supination
(Supinator and Biceps brachii)
Patient Position:
Patient is sitting , Arm is
abducted at the shoulder 90degrees and
the forearm is flexed at the elbow. The
therapist supports the limb .
Therapist and Patients Instructions:
triceps of the posterior arm proximal to
the olecranon process, ask the patients
hands as if going to shake it; resistance is
applied in a clockwise direction. The
stabilizing hand is placed under the elbow
joint. Tell the patient to try to turn your
palm up, dont let me push it down.
Patient Position:
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Same as above, therapist should
support arm at the elbow.

The same instructions as above
are used except the motion should be
done without resistance .Palpate the
supinator and biceps for contractile
activity.
Forearm Pronation
(Pronator teres and Pronator
quadrates)
Patient Position:
Patient is sitting with arm at side
and elbow flexed 90 degrees , wrist is in
hand shaking position.
The therapist takes the patients
hand just above the wrist ;resistance is
applied in a counterclockwise direction
from the therapists points of view. The
stabilizing hand is under the elbow. Tell
the patient to Try to turn your palm
down , dont let me pull it up.
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Patient Position:
Same as above, therapist should
support arm at the elbow .

The same instructions as above
are used except the motion should be
done without resistance. Palpate the
pronators for contractile activity.
Wrist Flexion
(Flexor carpi radialis and Flexor carpi
ulnaris)
MMT for Grades 5, 4, and 3
Patient Position:
Sitting ,forearm is supinated
Resistance is given at the hand in
the direction of wrist extension. The
stabilizing hand is placed around the wrist.
Ask the patient to keep your fingers
relaxed , bend your wrist , dont let
me straighten it out.
Patient Position:
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Sitting with forearm supported on
table . Have the ulnard side of the forearm
resting on the
table.
Therapist and Patient Instructions :
Ask the patient to ,try and bend your
wrist. Palpate the tendons of the flexors
at the wrist.
Wrist Extension
(Extensor carpi radialis longus ,
Extensor carpo radialis brevis ,
extensor carpi ulnaris)
Patient Position:
Sitting with forearm and elbow
supported in table, forearm is pronated.
Resistance is applied at the
metacarpals in the direction of wrist
flexion. The stabilizing hand is place
around the wrist. Ask the patient
to .bring your wrist up . dont let me
pull it down.
Patient Position:
Forearm is pronated and
supported on table .
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Ask the patient to try and bend
his/her wrist back. Palpate the extensor
tendons at the wrist for activity.
Lower Extremity
Hip Flexion
(Psoas major and Iliacus)
Patient position:
Sitting, the thighs should be
supported on the table and the legs
hanging off the edge. The patient should
have his/her knee raised off the table.
Hands can be at sides or holding onto the
edge of the table for balance
The therapist should be next to
the limb being tested the resistance hand
is placed over the thigh just proximal to
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the knee, and resistance is given
downward toward the floor.
The stabilizing hand should be
placed at the hip to maintain trunk
alignment. Ask the patient to lift your
leg off the table, dont let met push it
down
Patient position:
Patient will be lying on their side
with the limb not being tested on the table
(this limb can be flexed for stability) and
the tested limb being cradled in the
therapists arm.
Therapist and Patient Instruction:
Palpate the psoas major and
iliacus while the patient tries to flex at the
hip. Ask the patient to lift your knee up
towards your chest.
Hip flexion, Abduction and External
Rotation with knee position
(Sartorius )
Patient position:
Sitting with thighs supported on
the table and legs gangling off the patient
can place their hands down for support.
The patient should flex at the knee. It may
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be easiest to demonstrate the motion for
the patient.
The therapist will be using both
hands for resistance. One hand will be
placed on the lateral surface of the knee,
and the other will placed on the medial
aspect of the ankle. The hand at the knee
will resist hip flexion and abduction and
the resistance will be given in a down and
inward direction. The hand at the ankle
will be resisting external rotation and knee
flexion and the resistance is in an up and
outward direction. Ask the patient to
slide your heel up the shin of your
other leg, dont let me move your
leg, or straighten your knee.

Patient position:
Supine, with the therapist
supporting the limbs, the heel should be
on the shin of the opposite leg.
While palpating the Sartorius ask
the patient to slide their heel up to their
knee.
Hip extension
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(Gluteus maximus, biceps femoris,
semitendinosus, and
semimebranosus)
Patient position:
Prone position on the table with
the hip in extension.
The therapist is standing aside
the limb being tested at the level of the
pelvis. The hand providing resistance is
placed at the thigh just above the knee. If
an insufficient amount of the resistance is
given in this position the hand can be
placed at the ankle. Also, make sure your
testing manner is consistent and
performed bilaterally. The stabilizing hand
can be placed on the posterior superior
iliac spine to maintain hip alignment. Ask
the patient to, lift your leg off the
table, dont let me push it back
down.
To Isolate the Gluteus Maximus:
The test is done in the same
manner as above except the patient
should now have 90 degrees of the knee
flexion. This will isolate the gluteus
maximus.
Patient position:
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Patient is side lying position with
the therapist cradling the test limb.
Palpate the gluteus maximus
while asking the patient to bring your
leg back towards me
Hip Abduction
(Guteus Medius and Maximus)
Patient position:
Patient is in side lying position
with slight extension at the hip and the
pelvis shifted forward slightly, then
abducted. The leg on the table is flexed for
stability.
The therapist will be standing
behind the patient. Resistance will given in
a downward direction on the lateral aspect
of the thigh just above the knee. The
stabilizing hand will be placed just
proximal to the greater trochanter. Ask the
patient to ift your leg up and dont
let me push it back down
Patient position:
Supine position
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The therapist should hold the
limb being tested at the ankle and lift this
leg up off the table just enough to
decrease friction.
Use the other hand to palpate
gluteus medius and minimus just proximal
to the greater trochanter. Ask the patient
to try and slide their leg off the table
while keeping their knee pointed to the
ceiling.
Hip Abducted from flexed position
(Tensor Faciae Latae)
Patient position:
Patient is in side lying postion,
hip is flexed 45 degrees and lying across
the limb underneath it, the foot should be
resting on the table.
Resistance is given on the thigh
just above the knee in a downward
direction. The stabilizing hand is placed on
the crest of the ilium. Ask the patient to
lift your leg and dont let me push it
down
Patient position:
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Patient is in sitting position on the
table with both legs completely supported
on the table. The patient can lean
backwards if comfortable and also for
stabilization.
The therapist should have one
hand holding the leg up slightly under the
ankle to reduce friction. The other hand
should be palpating the tensor faciae latae
where it inserts into the iliotibial band.try
the patient slide their both leg out to the
side.
Hip Adduction
(Adductor magnus, adductor brevis,
adductor longus, pectineus, and
gracilis)
Patient position:
Patient should be in side lying
with the limb being tested resting on the
table. The therapist will support the limb
not being tested.
Standing behind the patient place
the resistance hand on the medial thigh
just above the knee. Resistance is given in
a downward direction. Ask the patient to
lift your bottom leg up to your top
leg, dont let me push it down
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Patient position:
Supine with the limb not being
tested slightly abducted.
Using one hand support the ankle
and hold the leg slightly off the table to
decrease friction. Use the other hand to
palpate the adductors on the medial
proximal thigh while the patient tries to
move their leg in toward the other one.
Hip External Rotation
(Obturator internus, obturator
externus, gamellae superior,
gamellae inferior, piriformis,
quadtratus femoris, gluteus maximus
(posterior)
MMT For grade 5, 4 and 3
Patient position:
Sitting with legs dangling off the
table. The patient can place hands on the
table for support and balance. The patient
should externally rotate at the hip.
The therapist should place one
hand on the lateral aspect of the knee and
the other hand above the medial
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malleolus. The resistance will be inward at
the knee and outward at the ankle to
create a sort of rotary resistance. The
patient should be in the end position for
testing. End positioning means that the
patient is trying to hold the movement at
the end of ROM. Ask the patient to bring
your leg inward towards your other
leg, dont let me turn your leg out.
Patient position:
Patient should be in supine
position with the test limb internally
rotated.
While palpating the external
rotators ask the patient to try and roll their
leg out.
Hip Internal Rotation
(Gluteus minimus, gluteus medius,
and tensor faciae latae)
Patient postion:
Sitting hands can be placed on
the table for support. Leg should be
internally rotated at the hip.
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The therapist should place one
hand on the medial aspect of the k nee
and the other hand just above the lateral
malleolus. Resistance will be in an outward
direction at the knee and in an inward
direction at the ankle to create a rotary
resistance. The patient should be in the
end position for testing. Ask the patient to
move your leg outward, dont let me
pull it back in
Patient position:
Supine with the limb being
tested in external rotation.
Palpate the internal rotators and
ask the patient to try and roll their leg in
toward their other leg.
Knee flexion
(Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and
sememembranosus)
MMT for grades 5, 4 and3
Patient position:
Prone position with knee flexed to
about 45 degrees, and the opposite foot
hanging off the table.
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Standing next to the limb being
tested, place the resistance hand on the
posterior leg just superior to the ankle.
Resistance is in the direction of knee
extension or essentially downward toward
the table. The stabilizing hand should be
on the posterior thigh over the hamstring
tendons. Ask the patient to, bring your
heel to your buttocks, dont let me
straighten it.
Alternate test to isolate
semitendinosus and
semimembranosus and test to
isolated Biceps femoris
Patient position:
Patient positioning is the same as
above except to isolate the
semitendinosus and semimebranosus the
leg should be internally rotated. Ask the
patient to point their toes inward.
To isolate the biceps femoris the leg
should be externally rotated, have
the patient point their toes outward.
Hand positioning is the same as
above. The resistance should now be in a
down and out direction toward knee
extension for the semitendinosus and
semimembranosus. For isolation of the
biceps femoris, the resistance will be down
and inward.
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Patient position:
Prone with knee flexed slightly
but supported by the examiner at the
ankle.
While supporting the leg at the
ankle ask the patient to try and flex their
knee. Palpate the hamstring tendons.
Knee Extension
(Rectus femoris, vastus intermedius,
vastus lateralis, vastus medialis
longus, vastus medialis oblique)
Patient position:
Sitting the patient can lean
backward slightly to relieve hamstring
tension can place his/her hands on the
table for stability. The knee should be in
extension.
The therapist should be on the
side of the limb being tested.
The resistance hand should be placed on
the anterior leg just above the ankle.
Resistance is given downward in
the direction of knee flexion.
The stabilizing hand should be on
the posterior thigh just above the knee to
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prevent any rotation. Make sure that the
patient is not hyper extended at the knee
before performing the test as this might
lock it into position. Ask the patient to
straighten your leg and dont let me
bend it.
Patient position:
Patient is in supine postion
quadtriceps tendon between the thumb
and two to four fingers. Ask the patient to
try and push the back of your knee
down and into the table.
Plantar flexion
(Gastrocnemius and Soleus)
Patient position:
Patient stands on limb to be
tested with knee extended, other leg
raised off the floor. The patient may place
one or two fingers on the table for
balance.
The patient should now perform
twenty heel raises. Tell the patient to
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rise up on your toes and down, do
this twenty times
Alternate test to Isolate the Soleus
The test is the same as above
except the test limb is slightly flexed at
the knee

Patient position:
Prone on the table with the foot
hanging off the edge.
Palpate the Achilles tendon and
instruct the patient to point their toes
down.
Dorsiflexion and Inversion
(Tibialis Anterior)
Patient position:
Sitting with the patients heel
resting on the thigh of the therapist.
Patients foot should be dorsiflexed and
inverted.
Therapist is in sitting on stool
beside the limb being tested. The heel of
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the patient can be resting on the
therapists thigh. The resistance hand
should be placed around the dorsum and
medial aspect of the foot. Resistance is
given down and out toward eversion.
The stabilizing hand is around the
posterior leg just above the ankle. Have
the patient turn your foot up and in,
dont let me push it down.
Patient position:
Patient is in sitting with the heel
of their foot resting on the thigh of the
therapist. Refer to starting position n
picture.
Palpate the tendon of tibialis
anterior in-between the malleoli and with
the other hand palpate the muscle just
lateral to the tibia while asking the patient
to try and turn their foot up and in.
Inversion
(Tibialis Posterior)
Patient position:
Sitting with ankle in slight plantar
flexion.
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Sitting next to test limb place the
resistance hand over the dorsum and
medial side of the foot at the metatarsal
heads. The stabilizing hand is placed
around the posterior ankle just above the
malleoli.
Resistance is given in the
direction of eversion and toward slight
dorsiflexion, almost as if pulling up and
around laterally. Ask the patient to
turn your foot down and in toward

your other foot, dont let me push it
out.
Patient postion:
Same as above, except the heel
of the patient should be resting on the
therapists thigh. Refer to starting position
picture for dorsiflexion and inversion.
Palpate the tibialis posterior
tendon between the navicular bone and
the medial malleolus and the belly of the
muscle while the patient tries to invert
their foot.
Eversion with Plantar Flexion
(Peroneus longus and Peroneus
brevis)
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Patient position:
Sitting with ankle in a neutral
position
Sitting on a stool besides the patients test
limb, one hand stabilize by gripping
around the ankle. Resistance is given
around the dorsum and lateral border of
the foot.
Resistance is in the direction of
inversion and slight dorsiflexion, or in an
up and medial direction. Ask the patient to
turn your foot down and out, dont
let me push it in.
Alternate test to isolate peroneus
tertius
Testing procedure is similar as
above except the foot is now everted and
dorsiflexed. Resistance is given in the
direction of inversion and plantarflexion.
Patient position:
Same as above.
Palpate the tendon of peroneus
longus posterior to the lateral malleolus
and behind peroneus brevis. The tendon of
peroneus brevis can be palpated proximal
to the base of the fifth metatarsal. The
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belly of these muscles can also be
palpated while the patient everts and
plantar flexes.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL CONCEPTS
MMT............................
..................1
UPPER
EXTREMITY
....2
Scapular Abduction and Upward and
Rotation.2
Scapular
Elevation
.3
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Scapular Adduction (Retraction)
.4
Scapular Depression and
Adduction.5
Scapular Depression and
Abduction.5
Shoulder
Flexion
.6
Shoulder
Extension
...7
Shoulder
Scaption
..9
Shoulder
Abduction
.10
Shoulder Horizontal
Abduction11
Shoulder Horizontal
Adduction12
Elbow
Flexion
.13
Elbow
Extension
..14
Forearm Supination..
15
Forearm Pronation.
..16
Wrist
Flexion
.....17
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Wrist
Extension
.18
LOWER
EXTREMITY
..19
Hip
Flexion
..19
Hip flexion, Abduction and External
Rotation with
knee
position.
...20
Hip
Extension.
21
Hip
Abduction
...22
Hip Abducted from flexed
position
23
32

Hip
Adduction
.24
Hip External
Rotation
25
Hip Internal
Rotation.
26
Knee Flexion..
.
27
Knee
Extension
..29
Plantar flexion..
.30
Dorsiflexion and
Inversion.31
Inversion
32
Eversion w/ Plantar
flexion33
32

Manual Muscle Testing: Grade Value Description

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MMT Handbook: Hislop & Montgomery