Direct To IELTS
Direct To IELTS
Direct To IELTS
with Key
Sam McCarter
Sp,lliog
Waves
Punctuation
Lexical cohesion
wo,doro,,
Prepositions
eountab1e1uncountable nouns
Tenses
Articles
Missing word
Word form
--
MACMILLAN
Unit
1 A very modern world
Page 6
Language focus
Vocabulary
Reading
Matching paragraphs,
classifying, answering
questions with words from
the passage
Collocations - multiple
combinations
Marching sections to
headings, Yes/ No/ Not Given
statements, completing
sentences
Adjectives of evaluation
Page 18
Prepositions
Verbs related to
connections
Completing a summary,
matching statements
to people, completing
sentences
Leisure and
entertainment
Degrees of certainty
Collocations related to
health
Matching paragraphs,
classifying, True/False/Not
Given statements
Hypothesizing
Completing a summary,
completing a flow chart,
True/ False/ Not Given
statements
Matching paragraphs,
choosing items from a
list, completing sentences,
choosing the best title
Yes/No/Not Given,
completing sentences
with the correct ending,
completing a summary
Additional material
Writing bank
Listening scripts
Answer key
Page 102
Page 109
Page 121
Page 129
5 A healthy world
Page 54
7 A consumer society
Page 78
Contents map
Writing
Listening
Speaking
Introduction
Direct to IELTS is a short preparation course for students
ry
wo. d
1 Work in groups and describe the photos A-D. Then answer questions 1-5.
1 Do you think it is possible to protect views like this from development where you live?
Why/ Why not?
2 What is the effect of protecting or destroying such views for people in your country?
3 How have views like this changed in your country?
4 What is the most beautiful view where you live or were brought up?
S Speculate what an area you are familiar with was like in the past, and what it will be like
in the near and distant future. Use the ideas below to help you.
a
It may be impossible
to stop progress.
e
Progress is vital for
our planet.
f
d
The changing skyline is
Few landscapes/
the result of higher buildings,
cinysaapes/ skylines of
because the population is becoming
outstanding (natural) beauty are
denser. It is really beautiful.
left. It all depends on whether
people have the will to
protect them.
t,
(I) 1 .1
Notes
:1.
V\,(,~11\,d
Acr-o-pol~s
(~II\, t11e) di:wle
<t1eCIYS old)
5 br-ecit11tcile~l/\,g
:1.4
11\,ot ~11\,ter-ested
g r-eccill
.3
be SOYYt'.I
:1.0 YeVl,{,~11\,dS
""'"'' ~
----------- ---
--------------
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--
5 Choose one of the task cards, A or B. Write short notes about the card. Use the notes in
exercise 2 to help you.
6 Work with a partner who chose a different card. Take turns to talk about your card a nd
give each other feedback.
focus
Some verbs such as
enjoy and dislike are
followed by the
gerund (the -ingform
of the verb). Others
such as watch,
remember are
followed by the
gerund or the
infinitive with to. A
third category of
verbs such as want
and manage are
followed by the
infinitive with to.
love
afford
continue
like
enioy
help
seem
dislike
hate
miss
remember
forget
mind
fail
scare
appear
stop
1,
ffi'."'1;~: . ;} ~ 'lY~
fjit~it~Y::;t~.:,'"H~~!~n',
1 Work in groups. Read the Section 1 questions 1-10 below and discuss what you think the
listening will be about.
2 Predict the answers to questions 1-10. Make short notes about your predictions.
ta\
Questions 1 and 2
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
Example
The caller is enquiring about
A a cycling club.
a walking club.
C a running club.
Questions 4-6
Choose THREE letters, A-G.
Which THREE things does the woman mention about the Skyline Club newsletter?
A the writers
B subscriber numbers
C the history
D newsletter type
E the frequency
F the future
G the length
Questions 7-10
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER for each answer.
7 The next walk is on ......................................... .
8 The group is meeting at ......................................... am.
9 The caller's email address is ......................................... @thomas.com.
10 The caller's mobile number is ......................................... .
S Look at your notes in exercise 2 . How many answers did you predict correctly?
Reaction
6
1 Work in pairs. Make true or false statements about Writing Task 1 below. Exchange your
statements with another pair to answer.
Germany
40
Den mark
30
S pain
20
EU - 27 countries
Un ited Kingdom
10
France
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
20 11
2 Match 1-6 to a- f. Write a model answer containing five sentences and three paragraphs.
Keep 1-6 in the same order and use correct punctuation.
1 the graph shows the average proportion of the population in the 27 European countries
2 overall, there is a clear downward trend in the proportion of those who have never
accessed the internet
3 as regards Denmark and the UK, which had the two lowest races of non-usage of the
mternet,
4 Germany followed a similar pattern to the United Kingdom
5 while France experienced a more marked d ecline
6 likewise, Spain, the only country above the European Union average,
a
b
c
d
3 Look at the text in exercise 2 and find evidence for the statements you wrote in exercise 1.
4 Write your own answer for Writing Task 1 below. Then use the statements you wrote in
exercise 1 to check your writing.
You should spend about 20 minutes on
this task.
60
50
40
30
20
10
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
20 10
201 1
Germany
Bu lgaria
EU - 27 countries
United Kin gd o m
France
Complete the sentences using an adjective and a verb in the correct form from the boxes
below. There may be more than one answer.
Adjectives
Verbs
Transform each sentence in exercise 2 using the words below. Make any changes necessary.
You can also change the words in the collocations.
1 slowly 2 enormously 3 economically 4 substantially 5 gradually
6 hugely
4 Work in pairs. Discuss how you would answer the IELTS Speaking Part 3 questions below.
Use the collocations in exercises 2 and 3 to enrich your answers.
Discussion topics:
Changes to the work environment
What kinds of changes are taking place in the job market in the modern world?
Do you chink that the physical work environment is changing in the modern world? Why/
Why not?
What reasons might employers have for reducing employee workspace in offices?
Flexible working
What are the advantages of being able to work flexibly, i.e. at different times of the day?
Do you think it would be a good idea for employees to be encouraged to work from home?
Would there be any disadvantages if certain types of professionals worked from home?
S Decide how you can begin the answer to each question in exercise 4.
The job market is changing rapidly as growth in ...
Change partners and take turns to ask and answer the questions. Give each other feedback
about the phrases used from exercises 2 and 3.
1 Work in groups. Discuss one or more of the statements below, saying how they relate to
you or people you know.
1 Just under half of all young people (44 per cent) have a social networking profile.
2 Forty-five per cent of young people said they felt happiest when they were online.
3 Eighty-four per cent of young people said that the internet brought communities of
similar people together.
4 Young people are highly digitally literate in how they use media and are well connected in
a social context.
2 Skim the title of the reading passage and the questions that follow it as quickly as you can.
Decide what the topic of the passage is.
Questions 1-5
The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
1 the fact that young people nowadays have more support around them
compared to the past
2 digital natives are at the forefront of a skills shift in society
3 how the internet is the primary information source for many young people
4 why digital natives are changing the way they do things
5 an explanation of the main names to categorize modern youth
Questions 6-10
Classify the following as relating to
A benefits of being connected to the internet
B challenges faced by being connected to the internet
C neither benefits nor the challenges of being connected to the internet
6
7
8
9
10
Questions 11-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
11 What does the digital world expand for digital natives?
12 What standard do older people measure online communication against?
Reaction
S Work in groups and discuss questions 1-3.
1 Do you think having the opportunity to access the internet at all times makes your life
easier? Why/Why not?
2 Does people being online or texting while talking to friends affect communication? How?
3 What do you think the effects are of not possessing such skills in th~ modern world?
In Writing Task 2, you are required to write at least 250 words on a topic of general academic interest,
which does not require specialist knowledge. You are advised to spend about 40 minutes on this task. As
Task 2 receives double the marks ofTask 1, students are tempted to write their answer to Task 2 first.
However, it is better to write Task 1 first and stick to the advised time limits for Tasks 1 and 2. Note you
need to write your a nswer in paragraphs and answer all parts of the question contained in the rubric. You
also need to support your ideas by giving reasons and examples, as stated in the rubric.
word limit
what you are expected to include in each body paragraph
view 1
suggested writing time
view 2
three main parts of the task expected
1
:----______
6
> Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant
examples from your own knowledge and experience.
P, Write at least 250 words.
2 Work in pairs. Statements 1-8 relate to the writing task in exercise 1. Decide if the
statements relate to the introduction (a), view 1 (b) or view 2 (c).
1 Some people feel that the trend cowards more flexible working practices for employees
is a positive trend. Others have reservations about this phenomenon, arguing that it is
just another way for companies to take advantage of workers.
2 Workers have co pay for services such as heating, electricity, lighting and equipment.
3 Flexible working gives workers greater freedom.
4 With modern technology, a gradual reduction in the number of workers that need to
work in one place is happening.
5 The changeover to more flexible working is a .natural trend in the modern world.
6 Space for offices is becoming very expensive, so it suits companies if employees work
from home.
7 The idea that working from home gives people freedom is an illusion.
8 The development may be attractive to employees, but some people quote the negative
aspect of such working practices, namely the social impact of people working alone and
the increased costs to the workers of having to pay for heating, lighting and so on.
Statement 2
Reason:
. they work from home, use their own resources, not the employer's
Example:
they may find their electricity and heating bills increase
Impact:
the employee's costs increase, while the employer's costs fall
4 Work in pairs. Expand the notes in column A. Create a paragraph relating to statement 1
in exercise 2. Use the items in column B to help you connect the ideas.
A Ideas
Organization
B Connection
Topic
Reason
Example 1
Result
to
access/ main
S Complete the text with items from the table in exercise 4. Make any necessary changes.
Some people feel that the trend towards more flexible working practices for employees is a
positive trend. Yet, others have reservations about this phenomenon, arguing that it is just
another way for companies to manipulate the workforce to make more money. I personally
think it is a combination of both.
For many employees, the workplace (0) ...... !~--~~~!~!!'.'9........... as people choose the place where
they want to work and the time. (1) .................................... modern technology such as tablets
and mobile phones, which (2) .................................... to suit themselves.
(3) .................................... trainers in any field, accountants, designers or editors, who
(4) .................................... electronically from anywhere'in the world. (5) ...... ........ ....... .............. .
the work can take place at home, in cafes, in hotels, in office space rented by the hour, or even
in (6) .................................... .
Some people think that changing people's attitudes to other countries and cultures is
an important factor in reducing world poverty. Others, however,feel that the most
important method is trade.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge and experience.
Write at least 250 words.
Writing bank: page 115
Review
Language focus: Verbs followed by -ing and/or infinitive
Read part of two conversations. Complete the conversations with the -ing form or the
infinitive of the verbs in brackets.
1
Examiner:
Do you think it is possible
to protect certain views in cities
from modern developments?
fl!.
'!Jiii
1111,
Examiner:
Why do you think so?
lllll;i
Candidate:
M rr[111, protecting cities and their
,i'lskulin-ifs"theans
,,, ,,,::
'"
(keep)
,Jy; 1 i1 ";. ,..,,,. "rr f4)
\i, ,,,.. .. ,,,,;.- ,
tljlern fdiF'ful:n.ihe g~niraffons to see,artd enjoy
,::
(r"ook) at. I t h"m k 1t
. 's
( 5) .....'......":.......................
important to value cityscapes as much as
"'
landscapes.
Candidate:
Examiner:
What do you think
your home town will be
like in the future?
Ih~.~r.~.c;i..wh~r.~..+..9r.~.w..1,1.P..h9.~..l:!n9.~rg9.n~..~.1,1.l?.~t~mti.c;i.l..~h.c;ir.ig.~.R~~r..t.~~-Pg~t..<;f~.<;:.9.<;f~......
1 Fortunately, progress in educating young people has been m ade about the
Review
2 Decide what the noun phrases in exercise 1 mean and what you would expect to find in
the paragraph.
O recommendations about how to increase students' global awareness
The text or paragraph suggests two or more ways that awareness of the world can be
increased among students, probably as a means to improve their own marketability and/
or education.
As noun phrases are used to summarize information in all parts of t he IELTS exam , it is a very
useful skill to learn to unpack the meaning so you understand exactly what they mea n. Some
noun phrases used in headings are short ( e.g. the impact ofdevelopment) and some are long, as in
the example ( between 8 and 11 words) .
-----
1 The paragraph below develops one of the statements from exercise 2 in Writing Task 2
on page 14. What do you think the purpose of the paragraph is?
1 to show how working from home benefits employers
2 to show how working from home benefits employees
The development may be attractive to employees, but to some people the idea
that such working practices give people freedom is an illusion. They quote
the negative aspect of these practices, namely the social impact of people
working alone and the increased costs of having to pay for heating, lighting and
equipment. This benefits companies, because less office space is needed.
__:__'1!!!!!1!,~-
Decide where you can add the following words and phrases
to the paragraph.
1 situation 2 of home working 3 In the latter case, the
costs can be considerable in both hot and cold climates,
and if essentials such as computers or telephones break
down . 4 thus reducing costs for employers 5 to the
workers
a t
2 Decide what the purpose is of each of the methods shown in the photos. Use the ideas 1-5
or your own ideas. Give examples and reasons.
1
2
3
4
5
to
to
to
to
to
4 Decide which words from exercise 3 you can use with nouns 1- 8 in the table.
do: 2,4,5,6,7
Verbs
Adjectives
Nouns
concrete, factual
keep , update
( 4) study (of)
conduct
study, fun d
Complete the following statements using words from exercises 3 and 4. Change the form
of the word if necessary. More than one answer may be possible.
1 Do you think the government or private industry should .... ............. ... ........ scientific
................ ...... ..... . into history or m edicin e?
2 Is it worthwhile ... .... ............ ...... ... thorough investigations of every historical artefact
discovered? Or could the money be sp ent on something else?
3
4
5
6
Some p eople think ............................ animal .......... ...... ........ .... should be banned. Do you ?
Social ............................ carried out by researchers can reveal very important information.
Do you think there is compelling ............................ for global warming?
It is more difficult nowadays for students to find time to do a thorough ........... ................ .
of any subject. Why is chis so?
Work in groups. Select at least two questions from exercise 5 and make notes about the
reasons and examples. Then take turns to ask and answer the questions.
Work in pairs. Describe where each item is on the plan. Then take turns to describe the
route of the path and the places that you can see along it.
r lfremams
~
fmarket
(4) former
cottages
beach
Questions 5-10
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
5 What are the earliest items discovered so
far in the excavations?
A weapons
B pottery
C jewellery
6 Why are certain remains closed to the
public?
A to preserve them
B to carry out research
C to renovate them
7 How far is the beach from the
preservation area?
A a very short walk away
B a short drive away
C a long walk away
Look at your notes in exercise 1. How many of your predictions were correct?
1 Work in pairs. Study the pie charts and decide which of the verbs in the box can be used to
describe the data. Use the verbs you chose to describe the data in your own words.
account for consist of allocate . come from spend
consume produce use comprise constitute
Percentage of students studying different, areas of history at
a university department in the UK in 2000
Ancient history
Ancient history
Medieval history
Medieval history
Social history
Social history
History of warfare
History of wa rfare
Archaeology
Archaeology
Modern history
Modern history
"f" may
f.;
a
b
c
d
e
Write sentences about the charts using the words below. Compare your sentences with
other students.
1
2
3
4
5
4 Work in pairs. Describe the pie charts at the top of page 21.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The pie charts show a breakdown ofsources ofincome for the upkeep ofCastle
Keep, an ancient monument, in 1850and 1950.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevan,t.
Write a t least 150 words.
Government
Large gifts
Original endowment
Shop
Businesses
Events
Original endowment
Glossary: Original endowment: the original donation or gift to help fund the maintenance of Castle Keep
5 Work in pairs. Complete the answer below describing the pie charts in exercise 4. Use
words and phrases from the table.
Verbs
Nouns
the largest proportion of the total a doubling in the proportion contributed to total income
a reliance on small individual gifts a much smaller proportion
Data
15 per cent 20 per cent and 20 per cent respectively 20 per cent
The charts provide information about where funding for the maintenance of Castle Keep came from in the years
1850 and 1950.
Overall, it is clear that the pattern of income (1) ....... ....................... ... .. dramatically over the 100-year period with a
shift away from (2) ..... ..... ....... ........ ... ... .... co other funding sources. In 1850, for example, small individual gifts
(3) .......... ......................... 60 per cent of the total funding with large gifts ( 4) ................................... only 5 per cent.
By contrast, in 1950 20 per cent of funding (5) ............... .. ....... ..... ... ... small individual gifts, with businesses forming
(6) ...... .... ............. ............ , followed by small individual gifts and the original endowment, (7) ... ...... ............... .... .... .
For the endowment, there was an approximate 33 per cent rise from (8) ................................... in 1850.
As regards income from government sources, in 1950 this consisted of (9) .... ................ ........... ... compared to 1850,
5 per cent and 20 per cent respectively, representing a 75 per cent decline, while large gifts saw (10) ... ............ ............
from 5 per cent co 10 per cent.
Apart from businesses, two new sources of income, the shop and events, together comprised (11) .............. ........... ... .
offunding in 1950.
The pie charts below show the funding allocation to a range ofmuseums in a European country in 2000 and 2010.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at lease 150 words.
Funding allocation to a range of museums in a European
country in 2000
Transport Museum
Transport Museum
Technology Museum
Technology Museum
National Museum
National Museum
@ 1.4 Listen to a candidate talking about the card and complete the phrases and
sentences. Use no more than four words for each answer.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Work in pairs. Underline the words and phrases in exercise 2 which indicate the speaker is
evaluating something.
Add the words from the box to the correct place in the table below.
Synonym
successful
(2)
(3)
convenient
(5)
(7)
(9)
Opposite
(1)
foolish
irrelevant
(4)
(6)
(8)
difficult
5 Work in pairs. Transform the sentences using the words in brackets. Do not change the
form of the words in brackets. Compare your answers with another pair.
O The changes had an enormous effect on the number of tourists coming to the area.
(effective in/bringing)
6 Work in pairs. Make brief notes about one of the task cards. Then take turns to talk about
your card.
A
7 Work in groups of three. Choose one of the sets of questions, A or B. Discuss a) possible
ideas for each question, b) how to begin each answer and c) examples and reasons to
develop each answer.
A
1
2
3
B
1
2
3
Communication
Is communication important in people's lives nowadays? Why/ Why not?
How effective is communication nowadays compared to the past? In what ways?
In terms of communication, do you think the introduction of the internet changed the
way businesses communicate? Why/Why not?
Personal opinion
Do you think that young people are more confident about expressing their opinions than
in the past? Why/Why not?
Would it be a good idea to have more language learning outside the classroom to build up
confidence in giving opinions in another language?
Some people think that learning to be confident in expressing yourself is as much a life
skill as learning a language. Do you agree?
2 Read the list of headings i- viii below. List as much information as you can about the
contents of the reading passage.
List of Headings
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
Section A
Section B
Section C
Section D
5 Section E
1
2
3
4
Questions 6-10
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?
Write:
YES
if the statement agrees with the claims ofthe writer.
NO
if the statement contradicts the claims ofthe writer.
NOT GIVEN ifit is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this.
6 The earliest reference to sunglasses can be found in early Roman times.
7 Early Chinese sunglasses were worn to correct the wearer's eyesight.
8 The work of James Ayscough had a profound effect on the development of modern
lenses.
9 Prior to 1730, sidepieces on glasses were made of many different materials.
10 Sam Foster's sunglasses were the first to be made for a mass market.
Questions 11-13
Complete the sentences below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
11 The function of the Edwin H Lands Polaroid filter was to lessen surface ............ ................ .
12 People can change their ............................ by wearing trendy sunglasses.
13 Designer glasses still offer protection from solar ......................... ... .
-~~i;.
cool image
this new fashion of wearing sunglasses
prescription glasses
flat panes of quartz
any expressions in their eyes
court judges
Read more about using nouns to build ideas in the online Grammar Reference.
IELTS WridngTa.sk 2
1 Work in groups. Discuss at least two of the writing tasks below. Think about the content
and the structure of the answer for each one.
4 Work in pairs. Put the words in italics in the correct order to complete part of the answer
for A in exercise 1. Then put the paragraphs in order, using the first three items in the plan
in exercise 3.
History could be made compulsory for the first few years of secondary school. During this
time lessons could be made interesting and absorbing for students by (1) not just to visits
museums, (2) but ofto and historical local national sites interest. (3) to such as the museums visits
transport museum in London are a good way to encourage even primary schoolchildren to
develop an interest in history, because many exhibits are interactive, and engage the students.
(4) the such as and modern facilities computers internet can be used to bring history to life by
carrying out simple research into local history or conducting social surveys.
Compulsion regarding history will certainly bring (5) ofthese the attention subjects to pupils,
m a ny of whom might not have considered it ( 6) a to worthwhile study subject. Admittedly, this
would in some cases encourage interest in the subject, but on its own as (7) ofa encouragement
means it is not enough. For history, there are many strategies that can be implemented to
encourage its uptake at university.
When any school subject is made a (8) ofthe mandatory curriculum part school, it does not
necessarily mean that it will increase enough interest in the subject for students to go on to
study it at university. In fact, sometimes it might have the opposite effect.
Review
Vocabulary 1: Collocations - multiple combinations
Work in pairs. Match 1-8 to a-h. There may be more than one answer.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
a
b
c
d
e
f
Do you agree with the evaluations in exercise 1? If not, change the evaluations to make
them true for you. Compare your answers with a partner.
There were many reasons for the spread of the Inca Empire along the coast of
South America.
2 Read the first part of an answer for the task in exercise 1. Decide which statements 1- 7 are
true about the answer. Give evidence for your answers.
Tvte stuc;{LJ of viLstorLJ -pLC!LJS C!111, LVvt-portC1111,t role L111, tvie ec;{uwho111, -process of C!LL LJOu111,g -peo-pLe . WvtLLe tviere
VvtC!LJ be SOVvte c;{LscussL0111, C!S to Lts VvtC!L111, -pur-pose L111, tvie ec;{uwtL0111, susteVvt, to LVvt-pC!rt k:,111,owLec;{ge or sk:,LLLs
for LLfe, I -perso111,C!LLLJ feeL tviC!t tvie LC!tter Ls Lts VvtC!L111, fuvcchovc, but tviC!t tvie forVvter Ls C!Lso reLeVC!vct.
Tvte stuc;{u of viLstoru couLc;{ 111,ot be Vvl.Ore reLevC1111,t vcOWC!c;{C!tJS to uou111,g -peo-pLe's LLves. TvtLs Ls becC!use tvie
Vvtoc;{ervc work:_-pLC!ce c;{eVvtC!vcc;{s tviC!t eVvt-pLouees u111,c;{erstC1vcc;{ tvie -processes of LLfe civcc;{ sk:,LLLs tvicit stuc;{LJLvcg
viLstoru tecicvies tvteVvt . TC!Re for exC!Vvt-pLe Lecir111,L111,g cibout V\OW Cl serLes of evevcts Lvc vtLstoru c;{eveLo-pec;{ C{Vl,c;{
tvieLr subseque111,t LVvt-pC!ct 0111, -peo-pLe's LLves. TvtLs -process CC!vc teC!cvt uouvcg -peo-pLe C!bout tvie covcsequevcces of
CvtC!111,ges C{111,c;{ c;{eveLo-pVvte111,ts, wviLcvt tvieu C,C{VI, tvievc -persovcC!LLze bLJ reLC!hvcg tvteVvt to c;{eveLo-pVvte111,ts Lvc tvieLr
ow 111, LLves.
At tvie SC!Vvte hVvte, fcictuciL LvcforVvtciho111, LLk:,e c;{C1tes, vcC!Vvtes civcc;{ -pLcices CC!vc be Lecirvct to vieL-p -put tvie
c;{eveLo-pVvtevcts L111,to co111,text ci111,c;{ ciLso to -perso111,ciLLze tvie -process. WviLLe LVvt-portC!vct, tviLs cis-pect of Lecir111,Lvcg
C!bout viLstoru Ls of seco111,c;{ciru LVvt-portci111,ce.
Statements
1 Generally speaking, studying history is not important for young people.
2 The fact that people don't agree on the main function of studying history is acknowledged.
3 Acquiring knowledge is more important than learning about processes in studying history.
4 Being an employee nowadays requires more than just knowledge.
5 Studying processes such as urbanization, natural lifecycles or manufacturing products can teach young
people about consequences of events and actions in their lives.
6 The part played by learning historical facts is acknowledged, but it is downplayed.
7 Overall, both sides of the argument are supported equally.
3 Write an introduction and first paragraph supporting the teaching of historical facts.
For further practice, go to the Direct to IELTS website for downloadable worksheets.
IT
ti
for
1 Work in groups and describe the photos. Match them to statements 1- 4. Do you agree
with the statements? Why/Why not?
1
2
3
4
Scan questions 1-10 opposite for the following words and phrases. Discuss what you
think the listening will be about. Make short notes about your predictions.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
research habits
flow chart
journal article search
a detailed analysis of the essay title
specific targets
Organize, reduce time wasting and don't overwhelm yourself with information.
struggling with the essay after everyone else has finished
4@ 1.5
Questions 1-4
Which of Martha's research habits relate to the following periods?
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, next to questions 1- 4.
A past
B present
C future
1
2
3
4
Questions 5-7
Complete the flow chart below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
Advice on doing a journal article search
Always do a detailed analysis of the essay title and collect ideas.
Search initially for only a few (5) ............................... and then broaden the search if necessary.
Search randomly, but as with targets, set yourself a (6) .............................. and also review your work.
Check the (7) ............................... of articles and check who has quoted the articles.
Organize, reduce time wasting and don't overwhelm yourself with information.
Questions 8-10
Complete the summary below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
David's essays may receive (8) ............................... , but he feels that he makes work for himself
and ends up struggling with the essay after everyone else has finished. Martha thinks that
David is good at constructing (9) ............................... and usually has very good
(10) ............................... .
5 Look at your notes in exercise 3. How many of your predictions were correct?
And I think I've just about succeeded .. ......... ...... ...................... .. doing so.
But now I'm so used to putting notes and materials .......... ................. ......... .... order as I do it.
... stick ....... ... ... .. ..................... ..... a narrow range of key terms to search for.
No, just aim ............................ ............. it and .. .
... and often seem to be struggling .. ....................................... the essay when everyone else has
finished.
2 Work in groups. Match the prepositions to the verbs 1- 15. Think of an example sentence
for at least S of the items. Use a dictionary, if necessary.
in
from
1
2
3
4
5
specialize
associate
benefit
result
stem
on
with
6 elaborate
7 coincide
8 insist
9 concern
10 argue
11 anse
12
13
14
15
comply
suffer
depend
distinguish
My brother and I differ greatly. He is quiet and calm, and I am very loud.
3 Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in exercises 1 and 2.
1 Having access to the internet for studying can ................. ..................... in information
overload.
2 To ................. ..... .. .............. in life people need qualifications proving they have the
necessary knowledge and skills.
3 A sedentary lifestyle ......... .............. ............... with modern tllnesses such as obesity and
diabetes .
4 Work in pairs. Select one claim from exercise 3 and discuss whether it is true or false. Give
reasons and examples.
5 Work alone. Write 50- 75 words about the claim you chose. Compare your answer with
your partner.
6 Read the Speaking Part 3 questions below and think how to begin the answer, using the
phrase in brackets. Compare your answer with a partner.
Information and studying
O In what way is technology shaping the way students organize and use information to
prepare themselves for the modern workplace? (benefit from)
Students
nowadays are
benefitting from having the
ability to organize and retrieve
information more easily than previous
generations of students. And this
is off ecting how they work and
develop their ideas.
1 Do you think accessing information and knowledge was the same in the past as it is now?
In what way(s)? (differ from)
2 How do you think people in the future will acquire information and knowledge? (benefit
from)
3 University education is often criticized for teaching knowledge that is irrelevant to the
modern world. How far do you agree? (associate with)
Information overload
4 What advantages have devices such as mobiles and tablets brought to young people?
(result in)
5 With so much information available, is it becoming more difficult for young people ro
specialize in a particular field? (suffer from)
6 Do people in employment and students suffer from information overload? What are the
causes of this development? (stem from)
7 In terms of gaining knowledge, how is the present different from the past for students?
(differ from)
7 Work in groups of three: candidate, examiner and monitor. Take turns to ask and answer
at least three questions from exercise 6. Develop the answers in your own way.
1 Work in pairs. Describe how you think one of the following is developed. Think of at least
5 stages.
1 a n ew car 2 a mobile phone app 3 a TV documentary
2 Complete the following stages in the development of a language app for a mobile phone.
Use the words in the box.
testing
Grammar
focus
* To form the passive,
we use to be in the
same tense as the
active verb + the past
participle of the active
verb.
At the next stage, they
design the car. (active)
At the next stage, the car
is designed. (passive)
design
approval
refining
uploading
submission
conception
production
4 Work in pairs and compare your answers. Describe what happens at each stage, using
exercises 2 and 3 to help you.
S Describe the diagram for Writing Task 1 below in your own words.
The diagram below shows how a lariguage app for a mobile phone and tablet is made.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
Write at least at least 150 words.
conception
testing of prototype _
r
i
~-
17".A"-:250
e - a= a
o -= o = o ...r :\
o =- o - "'="
l
launching, uploading
(1 -
o -a-
=3
and downloading
Work in pairs. Discuss how you could complete the text in your own words. Use the
diagram in exercise 5 to help you.
The illustration shows the process of producing a language app for mobile phones and
tablets . Generally speaking, (1) .................................... : the creation of the concept of the
app and its development, the production of a prototype and the launching of the app
on the web. (2) .................................... is conceiving the idea for the a pp.
(3) ................... ..... ............ , it is discussed with interested parties and a proposal is
submitted to the publishing company involved in developing the app. After that,
(4) .. .. .............. ............. ... .. where it is approved both conceptually and financially.
(5) ..................................... (6) .................................... , the contents of the app are checked,
edited and reviewed. (7) .............................. ...... , which is tested and refined.
(8) .................................... , the last stage is the launching of the app .
(9) .................................. .. , the app then is sold, downloaded by members of the general
public and used.
ember tQ u~tthe
present0;imple passive
,~nd appropriate
W
"iinki ng words1 swch ..as
"' when, then, next, where,
.. before, after, as soqn as.
''l ,,
Collection
for recycling
Pine
thinnings
After
Plantation
to paper .. .
... paper
to paper
De-barking
drum
Thermomechanical
Cleaning and
fine screening
1 Work in groups and discuss the effect of the following on your life and studies.
the modern informatio n age
slow reading
to
2 Work in pairs. Divide the text into two and select at least 5 words or phrases which your
partner can scan for. Then work out the meaning of the words and phrases you chose.
But La ncelot R Fletcher, the first present-day author to popularise the term "slow reading",
disagrees. He argues that slow reading is not so much about unleashing the reader's creativity, as
uncovering the author's. "My intention was to counter postmodernism , to encourage the discovery
of authorial content," the American expat explains from his holiday in the Caucasus mountains in
eastern Europe.
And while Fletcher used the term initially as an academ ic tool, slow reading has since become a
more wide-ranging concept. Miedema writes on his website tha t slow reading, like slow food, is
now, at root, a localist idea which can help connect a reader to his neighbourhood . "Slow reading,"
writes Miedema, "is a community event restoring connections between ideas and people. The
continuity of relationships through reading is experienced when we borrow books from friends;
when we read long stories to our kids until they fall asleep ." Meanwhile, tho ugh the movement
began in academia, Tracy Seeley, an English professor at the University of San Francisco, and the
author of a blog about slow reading, feels strongly that slow reading shouldn't "just be the province
of the intellectuals. Careful and slow reading, and deep attention, is a challenge for all of us."
But what's clear is that our era 's technological diarrhoea is bringing more and more slow readers to
the fore. Keith Thomas, the Oxford history professor, is one such reader. He doesn't see himself as
part of a wider slow community, but has nevertheless recently written - in the London Review of
Books - about his bewilderment at the hasty reading techniques in contemporary academia. "I don't
think using a search engine to find certain key words in a text is a substitute for reading it properly,"
he says. "You don't get a proper sense of the work, or understand its context. And there's no
serendipity - half the things I've found in my research have come when I've luckily stumbled across
something I wasn't expecting."
Some academics vehemently disagree, however. One literature professor, Pierre Bayard, notoriously
wrote a book about how readers can form valid opinions about texts they have only skimmed - or
even not read at all. "It's possible to have a passionate conversation about a book that one has not
read, including, perhaps especially, with someone else who has not read it," he says in How to Talk
About Books that You Haven't Read (2007), before suggesting that such bluffing is even "at the heart
of a creative process".
Questions 1-5
Complete the summary using the list of words and phrases, A-J, below. You may use any
letter more than once.
Two recent research projects both suggest a sizeable proportion of the population no longer
have the concentration to read articles (1) ................................... Another report suggests that
the same applies to reading books, with one lecturer revealing that (2) ......... ........................ and
another that junior colleagues did (3) .................................. using a search engine rather than
reading (4) .................... .............. of a document completely. Nicholas Carr suggests that our
online habits and constant exposure to news are having an impact on the way we engage with
(5) ........................... ....... of articles.
A
the whole document
to the end
D
G
reading lists had to be
shortened
B
their analysis of
sources
E
shorter books had to
be used
H
their resources
C
reading process
F
most of the way
through
I
burst of words
J
the contents
Questions 6-10
Look at the following statements (questions 6- 10) and the list of writers below.
Match each statement with the correct writer(s), A-D. You may use any letter more than
once.
6 Reading gives readers the opportunity to find things by accident.
7 Slow reading is a way for readers co establish links with the people who live around chem.
8 Our ability to gather facts together and then synthesize them is disappearing.
9 Rather than being about releasing the reader's creative ability, slow reading is connected
with revealing the writer's.
10 For readers to combine a writer's ideas with their own, slow reading is required.
List of writers
A Keith Thomas
B Nicholas Carr
C John Mediema
D Lancelot Fletcher
Questions 11-13
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS FROM THE PASSAGE for each answer.
11 Keith Thomas has written about his .......... ................... ... at fast reading among academics.
12 According to Pierre Bayard, Readers can have ................. ........... ... about things they have
only glanced at or not even read.
13 Pierre Bayard also says chat pretending to read a book is at the core of a ............................. .
MUiiimffiilili'
4 Use 1- 6 and a- f to form questions. There may be more than one answer. In pairs, compare
your questions and decide what kind of connections the questions are asking about, using
a- c in exercise 2.
1 Is the wealth of a country connected
with
2 Has education at all levels been
transformed by
3 Does knowledge h ave the power to affect
4 Is there a co rrelatio n between
5 Is success in life bound to
6 In what way does being exposed to a
wealth of information from all over the
word conflict with
a people's lives?
b the accumulation of wealth and the level
of education?
c technological exp ertise?
d the wider availability o f knowledge
nowadays?
e traditional values?
f the quality of on e's education o r wh o
one knows?
This
question is talking
about c) a connection
. witbout any relationship
indicated. There is a link, but no
cause and effect relationship
is indicated.
6 Write three sentences about your own country, talking about recent changes, wh a t the
changes a re linked to and the possible ca uses and effects of the changes. Compare your
answers 1n pairs.
1 Work in groups. List the similarities and differences b etween writing tasks A and B below.
Compa re your answers with another group.
A
Over the pastfew decades, with the help ofthe internet an unimaginable amount of
information has become widely available to the general public.
What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages ofthis development?
Give reasons for your answer arid include any relevant examples from you r own
knowled ge and experien ce.
Write at least 250 words.
Over the past few decades, with the help ofthe internet an unimaginable
amount ofinformation has become widely available to the general public.
In what ways has having more information available affected people's lives?
Is this a positive or negative development?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
own knowledge and experience.
Write at least 250 words.
2 Work in groups. Look at the following ideas, which are sorted into positive and negative.
Decide whether they relate to writing task A, B or A and B. Add ideas of your own.
Positive
1 useful for students
2 accessible information
3 lots of information available
4 saves time and energy
5 convenient
6 efficient
Negative
1 being overwhelmed by information
2 not being able to di scriminate between information
3 not having time to check wheth er the information is true
4 not having time to understand fully
5 not being able to read and examine the information closely
6 difficulty making choices
7 lack of skills at sifting and organizing informa tion
Decide which writing task in exercise 1 the summary below relates to.
1 Introduction stating the focus of your essay:
2
3
4
5
6
Recent years have seen/ increasing volumes of knowledge/public domain/ such a flood
of information/ impact on people's lives/ positively/ negatively/ but harmful trend
Introduce a positive effect: accessible information
Introduce a negative effect: b eing overwhelmed by information
Introduce another negative effect: not being able to read and exa mine the information
closely
State whether the development is positive or not: some po sitive/ but largely dangerous
trend
Write a conclusion about positive/ n egative effects/impact/ increasing volumes of
knowledge
4 Write an introduction and conclusion for the summary in exercise 3 using the notes
provided, or your own words.
6 Write at least 250 words for writing task Bin exercise 1. Use the summary in exercise 3 to
help you.
Review
Language focus: Prepositions with verbs
1 Complete the questions with the correct prepositions. Then answer the questions.
1 How does your experience oflearning languages differ
your parents'
generation?
2 Would you like to specialize
a particular field at university? If so, what?
3 How have you beneficed personally
using technology?
4 Has being given the wrong information ever resulted
problems for you?
S Where does your interest in studying English stem
?
6 Does anyone in your family insist
a particular career for you?
7 Do you find it difficult complying
rules?
8 Do you suffer
nerves during oral exams?
9 In your case, does speaking English depend
natural ability, hard work, or a bit
of both?
10 Do you enjoy arguing _ _ _ _ controversial subjects in class?
Match t he verbs in the box to the processes 1-5. You can use the verbs more than once.
Then write about the stages of one process using the verbs.
select
design
include
1
preparmg an
information leaflet on health
select (information),
write, ...
write
add
apply
pay
upload
3
the creation of a
web page
2
writing a
newspaper article
monitor
5
the creation of a
garden
4
the carrying out of
a research project
Review
3
Write down the stages involved in recycling a computer. Change the verbs into noun
phrases.
The computer is:
dumped/ transported to a recycling centre or a factory/ various reusable components are
removed/the plastic is crushed/ it is recycled/components such as m etal are reused; or it is
renovated/ repaired/ resold/ donated/ reused
'
4 Work in pairs. Choose another process in exercise l. Make a list of the verbs to describe it,
then the stages of the process. Write a brief description of the process.
In
1, I think the
connection is a). For
example, if you have reliable
information about a product you
want to buy, it will result in a
better choice when you go to
the shop or buy it online.
For further practice, go to the Direct to IELTS website for downloadable worksheets.
2 Do any of the activities in the photos have an impact on the environment? If so, how?
3 Answer the questions below using an adjective or noun plus the word leisure or entertainment.
If necessary, use the words in the upside-down box below.
O What do you call time people have for leisure? leisure time
1
2
3
4
S
6
7
8
What do you call a place where people watch something and enjoy themselves?
What do you call activities that people pursue in their free time?
What is the term for a place to which people go to do sport?
What is the sector of the economy devoted to people's enjoyment called?
What is the term for entertainment tha t takes place outside in public places?
What kind of entertainment is not too heavy or serious?
What do you call things that you buy for use in the gym or on the beach?
What kind of amusement is enjoyed by people generally?
)U;JlUUlE)J;J)U;J );J;JJ)S
a
b
c
d
e
Use terms from exercises 3 and 4 to complete at least three sentences about leisure and
entertainment.
0 ... is/ are hugely enjoyable because ...
Light entertainment such as musicals are hugely enjoyable because they are light
and do not need much effort.
1
2
3
4
S
6
7
WvitJ
Dio
t)Ol,{
tvi~V'vf'<, ... ?
1 Work in pairs. Discuss what you would describe for the task card below.
Describe a day off from work or study that you remember.
You should say:
where you went
with whom you spent the day
what activities you did
and explain why you remember the day off.
(ffl)
(3) ............................................. .
Reasons for remembering the day:
I remember the day well because (4) .............................................. and
because ( 5) ............................................. .
We saw (6) ............................................. .
Listen again and count the number of times the candidate hesitates. In pairs, discuss the
questions below.
1 Why is the candidate hesitating?
2 Do these hesitations interfere with the fluency and the comprehension of the talk?
3 What can be done to reduce hesitations?
5'J?;J
ttnc:! on,>i!tn in u t pFJ
4 Work in pairs. Take turns to talk about the task card in exercise 1.
talk.
Useful
language
more/ less ( ... ) than,
as ... as, not ( nearly)
as ... as, much .m ore/
less ... than ...
1
2
3
4
1- 8?
1
2
3
4
easy
hot
effective
expensive
5
6
7
8
poor
quiet
bad
common
5
6
7
8
9
1 difficult
10
O superlative
Read more about comparative and
adjectives in the online
Grammar Reference.
1 Work in pairs. Read the questions relating to 'Leisure time' b elow. Discuss possible
answers, giving examples, reasons and purposes. Then cake turns co ask a nd answer the
ques tions.
Leisure time
Do you think it's good to have days off during the week? Why/ Why not?
In terms o f relaxation, is it better to have long or short breaks from work?
What are the ben efits o f going away fo r long breaks?
Time and work
Which sho uld be m ore important to people: earning money or having time to spend with
friends and family?
People seem to spend more hours at work than in the pasr. Why do you think this is?
How can work affect people's leisure time?
Change partners and take turns to answer both sets of questions. Give each other
feedback about d eveloping the answers using examples, reasons and pur poses.
Decide what type of answer is required for 1-10 below: a noun, an adjective, a noun phrase
or a number.
(!} 1.7 Listen and answer questions 1- 10. Check your answers in pairs and make
corrections.
Questions 1-1 0
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Past predictions
Making projections: (1) ................ ... .... ..... ........... ...... ..... ... .. ............ .
Many past predictions: very odd
All fields including railways and electric light
Quotes by
Darryl Zanuck: the inability of (2) .. ............ ... ..... ... ........ ... ... .... ... ........ .. .. .... ... ... to maintain its
market share
Thomas Watson: the lack of a world market for computers
Ken Olson: there was no need for people to have a computer at
(3) ......... ...... .......... .. .... .. ..... ........ ..... ... ... .. ...... ...
Statistics relating to media in the UK and the USA
Mobile phones - 2002
Number of UK mobile phones per 100 people: (4) ..... .... ... ... .... ..... ............ ......... ... ....... .. .......... .
Comparable figure for the USA: only (5) .......... ....... .... ......... ........ ... ....... .. ....... .......... .
Personal computers - 2004
Noticeable gap in ownership between both countries
UK: (6) ..... ...... .. .... .... ..... ... ............ ...... ....... ...... ...... .. per 1,000 people - ranked 12th
USA: 762.2 per 1,000 ranked (7) ...... ............ ..... ............ ....... .. ....... ........... .. ... .
Predictions about the future
Entertainment
The area with the most significant advances in the leisure and entertainment industries:
(8)
HD television, 30 TVs, more sophisticated sound systems - widely available, cheaper and
more attractive to families
Impact: will not lead to a (9) .. ............ ..... .... ........... ......... ... .. .. .. ......... ... .... in cinema attendance
Mobile to take over from credit cards, travel cards, tablets and the
(10) .. ........ ...................... ............. ..... ... .... .......... . eventually
Listening Section 4 is
usually a monologue
of a talk or a
presentation.
Sometimes there may
be a presenter
introducing a speaker.
Note there is no break
in the middle of the
listening test as in the
other three listening
sections. Also, the
content is more
formal than the other
three sections.
JELTS WritingTask 1
1 Work in groups. Discuss which of the situations in the photos is likely to put the most
pressure on the environment in the future .
2 Find three sentences below which do not contain the simple future with will. Decide
whether it is possible to rewrite them using the simple future with will, and whether this
changes the meaning.
Grammar
focus
* To form the future
simple we use will/shall
+ infinitive without to.
We use it to express
predictions and
speculations about
the future.
* To form the future
continuous we use will
+ be + present
participle. We use it
to describe an action
in progress in the
future.
1 Entertainment will become more important in our lives in the future than now.
2 It is expected that the number of tourists will continue to increase.
3 There is a chance that leisure pursuits such as outdoor skiing will have disappeared by the
middle of the century.
4 It is forecast that leisure time will decrease as people are forced to work longer.
S The characters in video games are projected to become almost lifelike in the very near
future.
6 In the future, people will be transported to the moon for holidays.
7 The world will have changed dramatically by the end of the century.
3 Make predictions about the future using these notes. When you have completed the
sentences, discuss with a partner whether they surprise you or not.
1 According UN/ global population/ to between 7.8 and 10.5 billion people/ 2050
2 Egypt's population/ and the populations of Ethiopia/ Sudan/ the remaining countries/ Nile
basin/ project/ double by 2050
3 UK/ population/ to 73 million/ 2050/ according/ Office for National Statistics
4 As urban areas, particularly smaller towns and cities/continue grow/ size/ about 5 billion
people/ expect/ live/ cities/ by 2030
4 Read the writing task below and look at the table. Then complete the sentences.
The table below shows the projected demand in hectares for developed land for
various purposes in England between 2011 and 2030.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.
Projected demand for land for future development
Hectares
2011
2015
2020
2025
2030
5,171
6,051
5,760
5,492
5,155
582
974
825
791
801
3,235
3,520
3,442
3,277
3,021
1 The demand for developed land is expected to peak in 2015 at ...................... .... ...... ........ .
hectares, with ...................................... ... property making up the largest proportion of the
land required.
2 By ........................................ . , it is estimated that 801 hectares will be required for
............................. ........ .... purposes, while for residential purposes the proportion of
land is expected to be considerably larger at ................................... .... .. hectares, which is
approximately two-thirds of the total demand for developed land.
3 The table shows how much land will be needed for future .......... ............................... and
....... ..... ... .......................... construction on land that is already in use between 2011 and
2030.
4 By ........ ................................. , the demand for land for .............. ........... .. .... .......... and
............. .. .......................... purposes will have risen to 3,277 and 791 hectares respectively.
5 Overall, it is clear that the greatest demand for developed land comes from
......................................... property.
6 The demand for developed land from the industrial and commercial sector is expected to
hit a peak in 2015 at .......................... ........ ....... hectares, before falling back again.
S Work in pairs. Answer the questions about the statements in exercise 3 and the table.
1 Which sentence provides an overview of the data?
2 Which sentence can be used as an introduction?
3 What synonyms of the word project(ed) are used in the sentences? What other synonyms
do you know?
4 Which tenses are used in the sentences? Which sentence contains an example of the
future perfect? Why is it used?
5 Which sentence contains the longest noun phrase and what is it?
6 Which sentences contain comparisons?
7 In which sentence is there more than one clause?
2015
2020
2025
203 0
4,450
5,218
4,960
4,751
4,481
330
702
576
545
549
2,191
2,373
2,313
2,206
2,030
911
1,084
1,024
977
916
Community Services
485
526
514
491
452
1 Work in groups. Read the title of the reading passage and look at the photo. Decide what
the topic of the passage is.
p lant life/vegetation
animals
taking plants, etc. as souvenirs
rubbish
overuse of certain areas
noisy machines
2 What steps can tour operators and individuals take to reduce this impact?
3 In which part of the text you would expect to find the solutions to a problem: the
beginning, middle or end? W hy?
Questions 1-5
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
1 According to the writer, tour operators
A already cry to lessen the impact of
tounsm.
B make no attempts to reduce the
impact of tourism.
C make only a few attempts protect the
environment.
D try to hide the impact of their
business on the environment.
2 Why are environmental improvements
by tour operators beneficial?
A They provide much needed financial
support for development.
B They help areas without sufficient
means to protect the environment.
C They increase state revenues to fund
employment projects.
D They help with the management and
exploitation of natural resources.
3 Leisure pursuits that rely on snow
A cont,ain the most interesting plant
species.
B use special machines to protect local
habitats.
C use up the food resources oflocal
communities.
D frequently expose ecosystems to
harm.
4 Which of these statements is true about
any alteration in the local environment?
A Vegetation loss affects natural water
flows.
B The area recovers quickly from any
activity.
C The influence on the area is
considerable.
D The impact on the vegetation is
minimal.
Questions 6-8
Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
from the passage for each answer.
6 The over-production of artificial snow can
change ......... ....... ...... .... ... .
7 Snow-based activities can drive
............... ...... ... ..... away from their normal
habitat.
8 The creation of artificial slopes can
result in a fall in .......... ................... and
Questions 9-13
Complete each sentence with the correct
ending, A-H, below.
9 Tourists are attracted to
10 The impact of tourism can be reduced by
11 Geographic Expeditions ensures
12 Diversification may be needed for
13 Nature-based and cultural activities
bring in
A an income throughout the year.
B the mountain environment's natural state.
C the excitement of dangerous ski slopes.
D a constant flow of research .
E the pooling of resources.
F the protection of the tourism business.
G richer types of tourists.
H the removal of all rubbish.
5 Before you check your answers, discuss them in pairs. If you disagree, check the evidence
in the text. Then compare your answers with other students.
2 Work in pairs. De~ide what the purpose of the following leisure pursuits is. Add other
possible pursuits.
1 playing board games
2 watching TV
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
going on holidays
playing team sports
going to concerts
going hill walking
reading
socializing
playing video games
entertainment
teambuilding
health
and fitness
finding
out about different
cultures
Work in pairs. Decide which statements contain a purpose and underline the word(s) that
introduce(s) the purpose.
1 The government needs to subsidize leisure centres so that people will be encouraged to
adopt a more active lifestyle.
2 Chess is a useful activity for elderly people as it helps them to keep mentally active.
3 To bring performances such as plays and musical concerts to a wider public, they should
be supported financially by the government.
4 People, especially young people, should be educated about the benefits of sport in order
to help promote fitness and reduce health costs.
5 Free access to gyms could be made available to the public for a period of time such as a
week or a month so as to attract people to such facilities .
6 People can be encouraged to relax by listening to music.
7 Promoting involvement in our-of-school games is beneficial for young people.
8 Tourists travel abroad to have a break and relax.
9 Leisure breaks should be taxed to discourage overuse of air travel.
10 People often participate in evening classes such as drama and music classes in order to
meet new friends as well as to learn something.
4 Discuss Writing Task 2 at the top of page 51. Answer the following questions.
What is the main purpose of subsidizing entertainment and leisure facilities?
Are there other purposes? If so , what are they?
Is using subsidies in this way beneficial? How? To whom? Give reasons and examples.
How could such subsidies be harmful?
Could other methods be used to achieve the purposes mentioned in 1 and 2 above? If so,
what? Give reasons and examples.
6 What is the impact of not subsidizing entertainment and leisure facilities?
7 Could the money be better spent on other areas? If so, how?
8 To what extent do you agree with the statement in the task?
1
2
3
4
5
S Write an introduction for the writing task in exercise 4 using the items below or your own
ideas. Then write three topic sentences to begin the three main body paragraphs of the
answer.
supporting activities such as entertainment and leisure pursuits
using public money
wasteful
I accept ...
finan cial help
lead to
a lack of appreciation of the facilities provided
clearly
many benefits
financial subsidies
6 Work in pairs. Give reasons and examples for each topic sentence in exercise 5. Compare
A topic sentence
summarizes the main
idea of a paragraph .
Use a topic sentence
at the beginning of a
paragraph to show
what the paragraph is
about. Then use
examples and reasons
to support your topic
, sentence.
Some people think that the latest technology for home entertainment such as sophisticated
TVs, high-speed internet connections and tablets are having a negative impact on people's
lives, especially young people.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Write at least 250 words.
clear purpose
clear opinion
examples
reasons
o rganization
_........
--
-------
Match each photo to as many of the purposes 1- 8 as possible. Compare and discuss your
answers with other students.
1
2
3
4
to enjoy themselves
to meet new friends
so t hat they can learn something
to improve the quality of their lives
A: 1,2,4,5,6,7, 8
TVILV\.,gs
1
boring
heavy
happy
cheap
interesting
friendly
slow
coo Red ci
V\,\,w L
(deLLcLws, cVJecip)
1 Last week I cooked a delicious meal for my parents. It was much cheaper than the meal
I prepared for them last month - I bought that from a takeaway!
Review
1 Work in groups. Prepare at least three questions about topics 1-4. Use the prompts below.
Do you think ... ?
In terms of ... , do you think ... ?
Some people think that ... What is your opinion?
Why do you think ... ?
How does/ do ... ?
What are the main (benefits/ effects/ causes) ... ?
What is the main purpose of ... ?
1
2
3
4
2 Work with a student from another group. Take turns to ask and answer your questions.
1 Work in pairs. Look at the table and write one sentence for each age group and 'All ages'.
Projected population by age 2010- 2035, United Kingdom
Thousands
Age group
2010
2011
2016
2021
2026
2031
2035
0-14
10,872
10,958
11,674
12,324
12,448
12,234
12,117
15-29
12,471
12,535
12,527
12,097
12,276
12,985
13,543
30-44
12,725
12,645
12,595
13 ,411
14,092
14,013
13,664
45- 59
12,126
12,323
13,152
13,050
12,436
12,391
12,986
60-74
9,163
9,285
9,853
10,472
11,121
11,940
11,981
75 & over
4,905
4,990
5,470
6,282
7,446
8,202
8,918
62,262
62,735
65,271
67,636
69,820
71,766
73,208
All ages
It is predicted that the 0-14 age group will increase in size from 10.872 million in 2010
to 12.117 million in 2035.
the environment
people's personal space
stress levels
pollution
food and water
open spaces for recreation and leisure
ea thy world
2
IELTS Speaking Part 1
lasts 4-5 minutes. The
candidate and
examiner introduce
themselves and the
candidate's name is
checked . The
examiner then asks
questions about the
candidate's family,
home, work, hobbies
and a wide range of
topics of general
interest. You are not
expected to give long
detailed answers in
this part as there isn't
enough time.
Discuss and then answer two or more of the IELTS Speaking Part 1 questions below.
1
2
3
4
S
3 Decide whether the words in the box are nouns, verbs or adjectives and then use them to
complete the sentences. Check your answers with a partner.
se rvice
care
financed
economic
ear ing
way
ex p endirure
educarion
public
lifesryle
1 Healthy .................. ... ....... .... ....... is one factor involved in maintaining a healthy
............................ ........ ... of living.
2 Health ... ............. ....................... needs to take place at an early age, in fact, as early as
primary school.
3 To promote a healthy ............ ........ .......... ... ...... , fatty foods should be banned in schools
and work canteens.
4 The cost of health ........................... ............ systems is increasing around the world.
S Running a health ....................................... absorbs considerable funds in many countries,
but it is worthwhile expenditure.
6 The ................... .................. .. health of a country depends on human resources as much as
material wealth such as oil and minerals.
7 Should healthcare systems be .................... .................. . by the public or by the private
sector?
8 The health .... ................................... in some countries far exceeds that in other countries.
9 .... .. ............... ..... ..... ........ health is concerned with the well-being of the general population.
S Work in groups of three. Each choose one statement from exercise 4 and lead a discussion
about the statement.
2 Compare your answers with another pair of students. Give at least one reason why you
consider each activity to be healthy.
Spend one minute making notes for one of the task cards below.
A
;,
"
::~
4 Compare your notes and your organizational strategy with a student who chose the same
card. Take turns to talk about the card for two minutes. Give feedback on your partner's
reasons and the organization of the answer.
'
1
2
3
4
5
...,,~
~~h;r:~it
t~jt.
0
1~
; i'1
listening'lind readiiig
" modu les..!1!mpro.~jr,g
your prediction skills
will help you build a
nil general pi~turefi<:j}ia
r~ or a copiB or ansJrr.
When y6u predict
i(WOU
do nothaVe tbs
11
be correct. Note
there is a difference.
mhecween '~uessing'
and predicting.
_5:::iuessing is to do,
,,i'y..iith sele'eting
something without
f~ inking, and
predicting is giving an
answer based on
one's OVi!p knowlgdge
! nd the informi tion
available.
0
What does the example cell you about the subject of Listening Section 1?
Are there other references to chis in the other questions?
What do you think the caller was asked in question 1?
Who do you think gives the information in question 2?
What do you chink is the most likely answer for question 3, considering volunteers will be
new to the organization?
Work in pairs and compare your answers. Then ask each other questions about questions
4-6.
Questions 4-6
Answer the questions below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
4 What do volunteers help raise in scheme two?
5 What can volunteers do for old people in scheme three?
6 What do volunteers not deal with?
Questions 7-10
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
Application process
7
8
9
10
Reaction
4 Work in groups. Is volunteering a good thing to do?
Why/Why not? What other types of volunteering can
you do?
y ou c lil111,
voLu111,teeY- to vieL-p tvie
el/\,v~y-o111,Vv1.e111,t, ...
(!} 1.9 Listen to a student answering a question about health in the future and answer
the questions.
1
2
3
4
Decide whether the sentences express necessity/ lack of necessity, (weak) possibility,
probability, certainty or impossibility.
O
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3 Where possible, rewrite the sentences in exercise 2 using the phrases in the box. There may
be more than one answer.
It is possible that ... will it will be possible for it will be impossible for
4 Write sentences expressing your opinion about the predictions 1-7. Use the modal verbs
in exercise 2 and the phrases in exercise 3. Include a suitable time expression, e.g. in the near
future, in ten years' time, in the distant future.
1 Robots will look after children and old
people.
2 Machines will replace doctors and
nurses.
3 All medicines will be free.
4
5
6
7
6 Work in groups of three and compare your ideas. Take turns to ask and answer the
questions in exercise 5. Use modal verbs and phrases to express certainty.
1 Work in pairs and read the writing tasks A-C. Decide which one
1 asks you to give your opinion about a statement.
I agree
that free healthcare
could have a damaging impact
on other services. For example, if too
much is spent on health, there might
not be enough money for education
or for the police service.
Linking devices
Ideas
1 Topic
2 Reason
3 Purpose
4Example
for example
S Result
as a result
6 Reservation
increasing costs
7 Conclusion
yet/ nevertheless
6 Write a sentence for each item in the plan in exercise 5. Add ideas and any specific examples
where appropriate, using such as, like, for instance.
4 parts (Paragraph F)
5 likely (Paragraph G)
6 follow (Paragraph J)
Questions 1-6
The reading passage has ten paragraphs, A-J.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
1 various potential uses of epidermal electronics with future additions
2 examples of trials on epidermal electronic devices
3 a criticism of early examples of electronic gadgets
4 the function of human skin
S the possibility oflight health sensors
6 how epidermal electronic gadgets can be covered up
Questions 7-10
Classify the following statements as referring to
A circuit components
B elastomer
C circuit arrangement
7 It can be used on any part of the skin.
8 The size has been reduced to match the structure of the skin.
9 The maximum elasticity is maintained.
10 Little force is needed to ensure adhesion to the skin.
Questions 11-13
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? Write:
TRUE
ifthe statem ent agrees with the information
FALSE
ifthe statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
11 Siegfried Bauer doubts whether skin electronics have any useful function to perform in
the medical field.
12 Solar cells are a possible energy source for the devices in the future.
13 Rogers plans to conduct further research into the rela tionship between biology and
electronics.
Reaction
4 Work in pairs. Discuss whether you think the devices described in the reading passage
have potential for use in the future, inside and outside the medical field.
1 Study Writing Task 1 below and locate information related to the following in the chart.
1
2
3
4
5
Boys
Girls
50
40
30
Age 11
Age 13
Age 15
20
10
2001 - 02
2005- 06
200 1- 02
2005- 06
children
age group
gender
6 Write an answer for Writing Task 1 below. When you have finished, swap your answer with
a partner. Underline the number of comparisons your partner makes.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The chart below shows the number ofpractising physicians per thousand people in
selected countries in the EU, along with the EU average. The chart also shows the
change in percentage terms ofphysician density between 2000 and 2008.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Germany
@@
Denmark
Estonia
EU
3.3
France
Ireland
United Kingdom
7 Check your answer for mistakes and then make a checklist of the features of your answer.
Work in pairs and take turns to describe your answer using the checklist.
paraphrase of the introduction
examples of data
companson
Review
Vocabulary: Collocations related to health
1 Complete the sentences in your own words. Then compare your answers with another
student.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2 Write five sentences about your own lifestyle. Explain them to a partner.
2 Work in pairs. Take turns to say the sentences or your answers in exercise 1. Your partne r
then transforms the sentence.
3 Write at least three sentences about possible developments in your country in the near
future or distant future. Write about health, transport, education or technology.
Some people think that healthcare systems should focus on curing disease and
illnesses. Others believe that the true function ofa healthcare system should be to
prevent diseases and illnesses through health education and preventive measures.
What, in your opinion, should be the main function ofa healthcare system?
2 Compare your adjectives with those below. Do the adjectives favour prevention or cure?
Focus on cure: wasteful, uneconomical, impossible, extravagant, too expensive, wasteful,
inefficient
Focus on prevention: essential, valid, crucial, achievable, economical, effective, highly
desirable, productive, sensible
3 Give a reason and an example to support the evaluations in exercise 2. Use the following
ideas if necessary.
quicker
le'is expensive
... :
:ji:
.;:
::;
peopleprobably'happier
ih
4 Write a paragraph supporting either prevention or cure. Use the adjectives and ideas
above, or your own ideas.
For further practice, go to the Direct to IELTS website for downloadable worksheets.
7
8
Is there any room/ space/ place for more satellites around the earth?
Is there room/ space/ a gap for any more rice terraces in photo C?
Is there much gap/ distance/ room between the buildings in photo B?
Which of the images is related to man's attempt to control his surroundings/ environment/
setting?
Are cities the best spaces/ locations/ places for people to live and work?
Can human beings bring order/ organization/ systems to the world around them through
coopera tion or individually?
Does infrastructure such as bridges a nd roads seek to bring order to the chaos/
organization/ disorder of nature?
Why do we need systems/ infrastructures/ organizations such as a satellite and transport
networks? \Vhat other networks can you think of?
3 Work in pairs and compare your answers. Then answer three of the questions giving
reasons and examples. Compare your answers with another pair.
4 Make adjectives from the alternatives in exercise 2. Use these endings: -al, -ious, -y, -t, -ed, -ly,
-tic, -atic. You may not be able to use all the alternatives.
1 roomy, spacious
(I} 1.1 0 Complete the dialogue in your own words. Then listen and check your answers.
Examiner: Do you think we rely (1) .... ................... ............ ... . such as satellites?
Candidate: Yes, I think there is a tendency to do so. For example, if the
(2) .. ............. ........... ........... .. on cars or a communication satellite broke down for a long time,
it would have a huge impact on social order. It would result not only in financial costs for
businesses, but it could also lead to loss oflife and (3) ...... .................................. In fact, I think
it would be (4) ................. ..... ................. .
Examiner: In what way?
Candidate: Well, while GPS systems are not used that much in my country,
(5) ............. .............. ........... . would be affected and maybe other communications, so
supermarkets might not be able to order food , which could lead to (6) ............ .... ................. ..... ,
and people in (7) ..... ..... .. ........................... might be cut off. I think we should always .. .
6 Work in groups and discuss one of the following, giving reasons and examples. Compare
your ideas with groups who chose a similar item.
an example of a network o r system rhat you use frequently
an example of chaos when a system or n etwork broke down
1 Make a list of the questions an examiner might ask a candidate in Speaking Part 1 relating
to:
1 name What is your name?
2 hobbies/ interests
~ infrastructure changes that affect p eople's b eh aviour in yo ur home town
4 technological d evelopments, e.g. CCTV in the town
5 space in your town for future development
6 facilities for young people
7 new systems/ infrastructure such as broadband
8 changes to physical surroundings such as sa tellite dish es and m o bile telephone m asts
2 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer your questions from exercise 1.
3 Work in pairs and discuss how one or more of the types of teams/ groups below affect
people's lives.
Ii .
space scientists
computer software d esigners
research scientists
engineers
4 Work in pairs and discuss the task card below. Use the notes 1- 3
to make lists. Compare your answers with other students.
Describe a team that you have been part of or would like to
be part of.
You should say:
when you joined/would like to join the team
what the team was/is
why you joined/would like to join the team
and explain why you enjoyed/would enjoy being part of the
team.
...
ttjpes of teaVv1.s t viat ijO(;(. eC!VI- beLoVl-g to: ----- - - - - -------------- - ------- - ----~ beV1.e-f,,ts lp(;(.r-poses ofjoLV1.LV1.g teC1Vv1.S: - - -------------- --- ----------- ------- -3 wviat Vli\.C! ~es betV1.g tV1. t elAVII\.S el/1,jO!jlAbLe: --- ----- - ------ --------- ------------ 1
Spend one minute making your own notes for the task card in exercise 4, selecting words
where appropriate from the list in exercise 3. Then take turns to talk about the card.
6 Give feedback about the reasons/ purposes used b y your partner. Were they clearly
signposted?
to:
(I} 1.11
Questions 1-3
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
1 The running costs for the celebration have been exceeded by
A
B
C
Questions 4-6
What does the speaker say each of the locations is going to be used for?
Write the correct letter A, B or C next to questions 4- 6.
A
displays
B
C
the
4
S
6
sports block
arts block
scien ce block
Questions 7-10
Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER fo r each answer.
Team
Action
Dates
John's
(7)
arrangements finalized
(8) ........................,.....................
lO'hofnext month
Angus's
Sara's
14'h May
Grammar
focus
1 Work in pairs. Read the extracts from Listening Section 2 and decide whether they are
examples of first, second or third conditionals.
1 I think if we I hadn't had the individual meetings up to now, things 2 wouldn't have gone
so smoothly.
2 If more 3 were to turn up, thac 4 'd be great.
3 If anyone 5 has any questions about chis, chey 6 '11 be able co see me afterwards.
If travel companies
arrange trips to the
moon, many people will
pay to go there.
3 Expand the notes in italics to complete the sentences. Check your answers in pairs.
O IfI/play more team sports/ school, I'd have been much more of a team player at work.
If I had played more team sports at school, I'd have been much more of a team
player at work.
1 Provided international space scientists pool their resources, more more/ breakthroughs/ occur.
2 Unless primary schoolchildren are caught basic scientific processes through projects such
as learning about space travel, they/be/disadvantage/ later on/ life.
3 If/ be/fewer rules and regulations, more young people would set up their own businesses.
4 Even if we managed to explore the moon and ocher planets in the near future, not be/
possible/exploit them easily.
5 If international governments cooperated on standardizing electronic products, many /
scientific goods/ such as/ computer hardware/ be cheaper.
4 Discuss the Speaking Part 3 questions below. What is each question asking you to do?
Is it asking you to evaluate something?
Is it asking you co give several criteria, factors or ch aracteristics and explain?
Is it asking you to compare several items or ideas?
Working in teams
1 What do you think makes someone a good team member?
2 Do you chink we are part of different types of teams throughout our lives? In what ways
are these teams different?
3 How easy is it to work together with people as part of a team?
International cooperation
4 How important is it for countries to be able co work together in areas such as space
research?
5 In terms of priority, do you chink governments.should cooperate on eradicating poverty
or on space exploration? Why?
6 Do you chink countries will work together on major scientific projects more in the future,
or less?
Ifinternational
governments had
cooperated on space
research from the outset,
space travel would have
been more advanced by
now.
5 Match the answer below to one of the questions about working in teams in exercise 4.
It's not always easy, certainly, but if people want to gee on in life, they will have to learn to
work together.
6 Write a statement using if, provided, unless or if... not for each of the questions 1- 6 in
exercise 4. Compare your answers with a partner.
Work in groups of three. Take turns to ask and answer the questions 1-6 in exercise 4.
Grammar focus
* To form the passive, we use to be 1n the same tense as the active verb+ the past participle of the
active verb.
Scientists help society enormously. (active) Society is helped enormously by scientists. (passive)
* We use the passive to focus on the action, rather than the person doing the action. We also use the
passive when we do not know or it is not important who the person doing the action is.
* We do not use intransitive verbs in the passive. The spaceship rose into the sky. NOT The spaceship was
risen into the sky.
* We do not use stative verbs like look, have, seem in the passiye. The astronaut looks worried: NOT The
astronaut is looked worried.
1 The maps show changes in the area around Welton between 1995 and 2012. Make a list of
changes between the two maps.
Welton, 1995
Welton
space
centre
school
.N
-t-
farmland
farmland
farmland
2 Decide which sentences below contain factual mistakes. Then correct them. Compare
your answers in pairs.
1 The town increased in size slightly with the forest in the southwest almost disappearing.
2 The hospital north of the river was turned into a space theme park.
3 Some of the farmland south of the river vanished.
4 Some of the farmland made way for the construction of science laboratories, and some
for the construction of a science academy.
5 A bridge was built across the river linking the new developments in the south to the
north.
6 The lake remained the same, but in 2012 it is partially surrounded by the village.
.
7 Part of the forest was given over to the creation of a sports complex.
8 The area changed beyond all recognition with the expansion of the space centre and
additional facilities and the disappearance oflarge parts of the farmland and the forest.
Identify the verbs in the sentences in exercise 2. Decide whether they are transitive or
intransitive. Decide which verbs can be used both transitively and intransitively.
focus
,,
Grammar
'
Tumbledown, 1995
Tumbledown, 2010
park
farmhouse
wood
farmland
seience l'aboratories
--------------------~~~~~~~~~~-
1 Read the title of the reading passage. Discuss questions 1-4 in groups.
1 There is an enormous amount of debris in space around the earth. Where do you think it
comes from?
2 What do you chink happens when fragments of the debris collide just like cars?
3 How do you think the debris in space can be got rid of?
4 Do you chink the debris could be dangerous? How?
2 Skim the passage and the questions that follow and check your answers in exercise 1.
--=:.1=====:::::==::....--L--'~ h!al~~lrPrLd
The growth of debris orbiting the Earth - primarily jettisoned
rocket and satellite components - is an increasingly pressing
problem for spacecraft, and it can generate huge costs. To
combat this scourge, the Swiss Space Center at EPFL (Ecole
polytechnique federale de Lausanne) is announcing today the
launch of CleanSpace One, a project to develop and build the
first installment of a family of satellites specially designed to
clean up space debris.
debris and the risks that are run by its proliferation," says
Claude Nicollier, astronaut and EPFL professor. To move
After its launch, the cleanup satellite will have to adjust its
trajectory in order to match its target's orbital plane. To do
this , it could use a new kind of ultra-compact motor designed
for space applications that is being developed in EPFL
laboratories. When it gets within range of its target, which
will be traveling at 28,000 km/h at an altitude of 630-750 km,
CleanSpace One will grab and stabilize it - a mission that's
extremely risky at these high speeds, particularly if the
satellite is rotating. To accomplish the task, scientists are
planning to develop a gripping mechanism inspired by a plant
or animal example. Finally, once it's coupled with the
satellite, CleanSpace One will "de-orbit" the unwanted
satellite by heading back into the Earth's atmosphere, where
the two satellites will burn up on re-entry.
Although its first model is destined to be destroyed, the
CleanSpace One adventure will not be a one-shot deal. "We
want to offer and sell a whole family of ready-made systems,
designed as sustainably as possible, that are able to de-orbit
several different kinds of satellites," explains Swiss Space
Center Director Volker Gass. "Space agencies are increasingly
finding it necessary to take into consideration and prepare for
the elimination of the stuff they're sending into space. We
want to be the pioneers in this area."
The design and construction of CleanSpace One, as well as its
maiden space voyage, will cost about 10 million Swiss francs.
Depending on the funding and industrial partners, this first
orbital rendez-vous could take place within three to five
years.
Questions 1-6
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Floating debris
Around the earth there is a (1) ........................................ of space rubbish consisting of disused
satellites and rocket parts along with pieces of broken spacecraft of varying sizes, flying around
earth at (2) ......................................... NASA monitors a large number of the of bigger
(3) ........................................ , as collision with one of them can destroy a
(4) ........................................ , at huge cost. In addition, the impact can lead to the creation of many
(5) ........................................ , which in turn makes the (6) ...... ....... ....... .................... worse.
Questions 7-10
Complete the flow chart below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Satellite cleanup
near target
__J~
Questions 11-14
Do the following statements agree with the information in the reading passage?
Write:
TRUE
FALSE
NOT GNEN
12 The smaller particles of debris in space are moving faster than the bigger ones.
13 Collisions between debris and working satellites are likely to become more common.
14 !tis possible for even the smallest pieces of debris created by collisions to cause problems
m space.
produce
change
3 Identify the causes and effects in the sentences below. Then rewrite the sentences using
the words and phrases in brackets. Compare your answers with a partner.
1 The sharing of technology between the different companies resulted in considerable cost
savings. (resulted from)
2 Early advances in science by people like Aristotle led to many discoveries we take for
granted today. (were brought about by)
3 The scientific knowledge in many countries is developed by international collaboration.
(shapes)
4 The choice oflocation for new science and engineering companies is often influenced by
considerations such as the availability of skilled workers. (have an impact on)
5 The present world has been shaped enormously by the thinking and writing of many
scientists such as Einstein and Stephen Hawking. (considerable influence over)
6 The establishment of new industries such as software companies can transform the
economy for the better. (improve)
7 The building of a new science complex had a positive impact on the behaviour of young
people in the community as employment increased. (made better)
8 It has been suggested that the internet is altering the way users think. (is being affected)
4 Think about three recent events that have made your life better/ easier.
buying a piece of technology, learning to use something, meeting someone
Work in pairs. Take turns to describe the three events, giving reasons. Talk for a maximum
of four minutes each.
Read more about cause and effect verbs and nouns in the online Grammar Reference.
1 Work in pairs. Think of one idea for each of the two views in the writing task below.
Some people think that it is wrongfor humans to search for new worlds in space when we
have so many problems on our own planet. Others believe such searches help mankind to
,develop.
to~tecr1eF, usually
linking,devices such as
co;,pliltkef,ql
'
1 result, 'If'
S Skim the sentences in exercise 4 and say which view in exercise 1 they relate to.
6 Choose at least two sentences in exercise 4 and make them more specific by adding
examples and reasons.
1 If new technologies such as new materials or medical applications that can be used
in medical treatment are discovered while developing spacecraft, life on earth can be
improved. because the quality of people's lives everywhere will be enhanced.
7 Work in pairs. Note down ideas for each of the two views below very quickly.
Then do the same for vour own opinion.
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Some people think that we should be more careful about sending satellites into space because
they show where we are in the universe and we may attract the attention ofdangerous aliens.
Others believe that contact with other species may bring enormous benefits to humanity.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Useful
language
Some people feel ...
Others feel ...
The former/latter view
is more acceptable.
Personally, I feel/
believe ...
Review
Vocabulary: Words related to space and place
1 Work alone and name
1
2
3
4
5
6
2 Write three questions you would like to answer about one of the answers in exercise 1.
1 Why do you use this system? Do you think it is necessary in your life/in people's
lives in general? How easy is it to use the system?
3 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer your questions from exercise 2.
1 If I hadn't played the violin in the local orchestra, I wouldn't have met Sally.
Work in pairs and compare your sentences. Then ask each other questions about one or
more of the sentences.
1 Draw a box or a circle to represent each item a-ion the map of Riverton, and label the
items. You can also add your own items to the map. Then choose a date for the town,
either 1990 or 2010.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
theatre
houses
woodland
factories
school
fields
hospital
car park
airport
Review
Riverton
f.Sc
:iii
2 Find a partner who chose a different date and compare the maps, d escribing the changes.
2 Work in pairs. Compare your lists and write several sentences about one of the photos.
Railways transform the economy because they speed up the movement of people and
goods.
For further practice, go to the Direct to IELTS website for downloadable worksheets.
7 A consumer society
Vocabulary: Words related to consumer
1 Work in groups and describe the photos A-E. Then choose one of the pictures and explain
how it might relate to your way of shopping. Use the phrases below to help you.
Useful words and expressions
consumer
pay by
carry cash
use cards
afford
just look/don't buy
impulse buying
compulsive buying
careful
go window shopping
browse
2 Complete the sentences using one word from each box. There may be more than one
answer and you may use the words more than once. Use a dictionary, if necessary.
A household
B habits
government
consumer
basic
boycott
expenditure
goods
necessltles
spending
behaviour
demand
spending
confidence
O
1
2
3
4
5
3 Work in pairs. Explain the meaning of the phrases you created in exercise 2.
Household expenditure is the amount of money that people living in a household spend
in a particular period such as weekly, monthly or yearly.
4 Check that you understand the phrases 1-7. Choose a phrase for your partner to talk
about for one minute.
1 doing window
shopping
2 browsing the internet
3 earning and saving
money
6 people's consumer
habits
7 consumer attitudes
As a class, make a list of about 7 words and phrases that relate to one of the items 1-3.
Then make sentences using the words and phrases.
1 being a green consumer pollute, avoid, ...
2 spending money
3 consumer spending
As green consumers are careful not to pollute the environment they avoid products and
services that might cause pollution. They ...
2 Which questions 1-10 relate to a) Angela, b) Adam, and c) possibly both of them?
3
Questions 3 and 4
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
What TWO types of purchases is Adam going to focus on in his questionnaire?
A the food that teenagers consume
B the range of publications that teenagers read
C the music that teenagers purchase
D different electrical equipment that teenagers buy
E the travelling patterns of young people
sec:tion or a ny sect.ion
" .. e ll;LTS listeni cig
iHlisten td 1tri~'!i('!
di ng again ari~
read the au d ioscript.
Alternatively, read the
s.c ript and t hen listen
Questions 5 and 6
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
What are the TWO main problems that Angela
has encountered?
A starting to organize the working schedule
B deciding on the schools to carry out the study
C getting though the initial reading phase
D choosing the age group to focus on
E choosing the items she is going to ask about
;;~~:,,tlop
mg skiHs.
Questions 7-10
Complete the table below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Points related to:
Reason
Advice
Permission letter
Data
Questionnaire
1 All of the nouns below from Listening Section 3 are uncountable. Can you use the phrases
a piece of!a type of with all of the words?
footwear
clothing
accommodation
software
music
recreation
research
2 Work in pairs. Decide which nouns below are countable, uncountable or both countable
and uncountable. Give an example of a countable noun that relates to each of the
countable and uncountable nouns below.
electronic equipment
cash
music
computer software
news
car
traffic
homework
medicine
information
job
furniture
scenery
travel
tree
work
change
advice
entertainment
food
recreation
3 Decide on at least three of the goods or services in exercise 2 that you would like to have,
receive, use or do. Work in pairs and explain why.
The piece of
electronic equipment I would
like to have is an ebook reader
because I think they are
very convenient.
fl
Read more about countable and uncountable nouns in the Grammar Reference.
In Part 1, do not
overdevelop your
answers. Use one or
two sentences for your
answer.
:::
daily/once a
week/every other day/
now and again/ every
other week/as often as
lean
::ii
'
'"
;.
:::,,
;--
E~i1:~;t~=~~fr~:gJ~jj~~J~6r
iii'
iii
,m,nm
iiJ~=~~~~J,i~t~r:jt/
"'
'" "
:::;.
.entertaining/fun/ meet
newfrieud~; relaxing/leve range
~shopping/adti:te?"!I'
W;
;~
11
4 Make notes for your answer to the task card in exercise 3. Use words and phrases from
A - D to help you. Compare your notes in pairs.
S Work with a different partner and take turns to talk about the card. When you have
finished, show your notes to your partner. Check how closely your partner followed his/
her notes.
1 Work in pairs. Describe the contents of the charts and table extracts A-D. Then check
your answers with another pair of students.
A
Percentages
England
UK
Denmark
Sweden
Netherlands
0
20
10
30
so
40
60
70
16-24 25-34
82
83
83
84
Listening to music
83
74
Shopping
69
67
England
Percentages
Formal
Volunteering
16- 25
40
25
26-34
34
.22
Education
Overseas
Children and
young people
~~~~"
as ~n ~ 11i:h'~~gihg ;:~1,,
,t)iffi"~ ~ti:H1 !I
'~i):i
&
"'111iii
,J?;i'-~htei p u~f'?JJi,,1,.i
1
'i ,~fr!~lfJCh~i~t
1
'!~1
inil11
Iy0luntaii'Y activities'
!
,11 ,;,;11, iii!'" '!iii"
imi tliW aw tiUi,mm1ilii.,t:iili!!kii!lli\iJ1
!~h;~C?
1 Spending time with family and friends was almost equally important for 16-24- and
25- 34-year-olds, 83 per cent and 84 per cent respectively.
2 Forty percent of 16-25-year-olds are involved in informal voluntary activities compared to
25 per cent for formal activities.
3 Listening to music was more significantly popular among 16- 24-year-olds compared to
those aged 25- 34 (83 per cent against 74 per cent).
4 Shopping was the least popular activity, 69 per cent for 16- 24-year-olds and 67 per cent
for 25-34-year-olds.
5 At 12 per cent of the total, overseas donation accounted for more than any of the other
areas.
6 More people in the UK order or buy goods or services over the internet than in the other
three countries.
1 Spending time with family and friends was as important for 16-24-year-olds as for
25-34-year -olds, at 83 per cent compared to 84 per cent.
5 Compare your sentences and the paraphrases with the whole class.
6 Write an answer for Writing Task 1 below.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
Percentages
2005
2006
2007
2008
Debit cards
29.5
33.6
34.6
36.3
19.4
19.8
20.1
19.7
Cash
33 .1
31.2
30.4
29 .2
Cheques
15.9
12.9
14.1
12.0
2.1
2.6
0.8
2.8
494.5
503.0
510.6
524.6
Other
Total spending(= 100%) ( billions)
@ 1.1 3 Listen and complete questions 1-6 in note form. Then make your notes into
full sentences.
Purchasing goods
1 .......................................................... purchasing the latest fashionable goods?
2 .......................................................... do peo ple purchase on the internet?
3 .......................................................... purchasing goods on the internet?
Are there any disadvantages?
lnHuences on spending
4 .......................................................... on people's spending habits?
S .......................................................... makes people content? Why/Why
not?
6 .......................................................... to control people's spending habits?
2 Work in groups of three. Check your answers and discuss what each
I thLvdz Lt depeL-"vds.
OL-"v the cige group, but, t)es.,
t)OUL-"vg peopLe cire certciLL-"vL!j ver!j
coL-"vs.cLous. of or eveL-"v obs.es.s.ed b!j
the Lcites.t treL-"vds. LL-"v coL-"vs.uVvler
goods. such cis. tcibLets. ClL-"vd
trC!LL-"vers..
3 Take turns to ask and answer the questions in exercise 1. The third student should
monitor the candidate's answer, giving prompts such as becauseJar example (if) , in order to
and so at appropriate places.
IELTS Reading
1 Work in groups and discuss at least two of the statements 1-4. Say whether you agree with
them.
1 Changing fashion means many clothes are thrown away as waste.
2 People are too self-conscious to wear secondhand clothes nowadays.
3 Consumers are more conscious of throwing away materials nowadays compared to the
past.
4 Charities provide a valuable service for society.
84
Questions 1-5
The reading passage has eight paragraphs, A- H . Which paragraph contains the following
information?
1 the rise of the fashion shopper with a conscience
2 some uses for clothes not sold in charity shops
3 the different types of goods on sale in Oxfam shops
4 how many charity shopping outlets are owned by one organization
5 the impact of retailers on the growth of clothes waste
Questions 6-10
Choose FIVE letters, A- I.
NB Your answers may be given in any order.
Below are listed some common features of the latest charity shops.
Which FIVE of these features are reported by the writer of the text?
A They have become more profitable.
B They have started charging more for goods.
C They offer clothes for fashion-aware shoppers.
D Items on sale are cheaper than before.
E Shop assistants are paid more than before.
F The shopping experience is now similar to other shops.
G They only sell clothes made from recycled fabrics.
H They are no longer places for poor shoppers.
I They are places where shoppers might find unique items.
Questions 11 and 12
Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for
each answer.
11 The interest in secondhand clothes is driven in part by the collections by
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ which export the clothes.
12 There has been a
Question 13
Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D.
Which alternative below is the best title for the reading passage?
A The importance of recycled clothing
B How charity shops made a profit
C The expansion of charity shops
D The rise of the ethical consumer
1 Work in pairs. ~ead Writing Task 2 below, then discuss whether you agree with statements
1-7. Rank the statements from 1 (I totally agree) to 5 (I totally disagree).
Write about the following topic:
7 Children have the right to be aware of consumer goods that are available.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2 Answer questions a-e ,. uhout statement 1 in exercise 1. Then compare your answers in
groups.
a
b
c
d
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
put pres.sure Oii\., pare111,ts. to buk:j i.teVIA.S, suc,l,1 as ti--le Latest CDVvtputer gac!gets Li.k>,e
gaw..es CDll\.,SoLe.
Cl
persuade them to buk:j i.t. ToLS LS partLk:j beccius.e tne av!verts IAre repeated e~Les.sL~
duri.~ cni.Ldrell\.,'s. prograVvtVvtes. Toe~ ewe snowll\., IAt sucn ti.Vvtes because the~ are
tvie pri.w..e ti.w..e for a k:jOU~ auG!LeV\.,C,e. Tue 0111,LtJ opti.0111, to tack>,Le thLS -problem i.s
for parell\.,ts. to ba!A, tvie prograVvtw..es ell\.,ti.reLtJ. ToLS, noweve~ affects. tvie cnLLG!reV\,'s
deveLopw..eV\,t. Perna-ps. i.t's ti.w..e for autnori.ti.es to deciL wi.tn thLS sttw.att.o'1\..
4 Complete the text using the words in the box. There may be more than one answer.
these products
those
children
this
this view
they
they
them
them
them
they
Some people, however, feel that young children between three and ten years of age don't
notice the adverts (1)
see on TV during programmes such as cartoons or
(2)
shows with special characters for children. (3)
argue that when
there is a commercial break, ( 4)
stop watching and don't take any notice of the
adverts aimed at (5)
. However, (6)
is surely mistaken. In TV,adverts,
toys like dolls or the latest computer gadgets or sweets are usually presented in such an
attractive way to children that it makes (7)
want to have (8) _ _ _ __
Children, even at an early age, are sophisticated enough to watch adverts and know what
(9)
want. Moreover, children have ways ofletting their parents know
(10)
and put enormous pressure on (11)
, as a walk around any
supermarket or toy department will show.
Using cekbriries to advertise consumer goods that are attractive to teenagers sbou"/J be
banned.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge and experience.
w
Vocabulary: Words related to consumer
1 Answer the questions 1-8.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2 Make a list of words that you associate with one of the following.
3 Work in pairs. Talk about the item you chose in exercise 2, using as many of the words in
the list you made as possible.
slippers
accommodation
medicine
bedsit
vegetables
Jumper
fruit
electronic equipment
footwear
(1) :
clothing:
(4) ...................... :
music:
(6) ...................... :
(8) ...................... :
furniture:
food:
syrup
2 Prepare a brief description of no more than one minute about either a) the way you like to
shop orb) how advertising influences your life. Work in pairs and take turns to talk about
your chosen topic.
Review
1 Work in groups and complete one of the texts 1-3 in your own words relating to IELTS
Writing Task 2 in exercise 1 on page 86. You can adapt the outlines if you wish.
1
2
TV adverts aimed at children are unethical because they are too young ............................................. .
....................... .................. . They know that they .................................................................................... ,
but do not understand that their ............................................................................................................... .
For example, if a child sees ................... ........................................ and it is very attractive, he/ she is
likely........................................................................................................... . So it is wrong to put pressure
........................................................................................................ through TV adverts. Therefore, they
3
TV adverts should ..................................................................... to protect children from exposure to
consumer advertising. The purpose of this kind of advertising is to
......................................................................................... As it is the duty of parents to protect their
children, they ....................................................................... For example, they can switch
.................................................................. . They can also restrict
2 Work with a group who completed a different text. Take turns to ask each other questions
about the text you completed and make notes about the answers.
Work alone and complete the text you heard about in exercise 2. Compare your completed
text with a student from the group you took the notes from.
For further practice, go to the Direct to IELTS website for downloadable worksheets.
Discuss questions 1-4 and check your answers with other groups.
l What do you understand by 'culture'?
2 Is culture dynamic or static? What factors make it so?
3 What do you understand by the term 'business culture'?
4 What is the difference between traditional culture and workplace culture? Give an
example to illustrate each.
Complete the definitions with words from the box. Then check your answers in pairs.
enterprise
modern
mainstream
football
society.
2 .................................. culture is to do with the beliefs, ideas and customs of fans and players
ofgroups of the sport.
3 .................................. culture is the arts, literature and music of the world we live in today as
opposed to traditional culture.
4 .................................. culture is the ethos or behaviour behind the making of money
through the creation of new companies and businesses.
Work in pairs. Explain_at least two of the following terms in your own words. Use a
dictionary if necessary.
celebrity culture
street culture
mass culture
contemporary culture
Work in pairs. Change the position of two words in 1-7 to make the sense of the sentences
clear.
O Mainstream ~
e is vibrant and exci,ting and has an impac~
treet culture.
l In the present age of diverse information, national cultures are being transformed
O Street culture is vibrant and exciting and has an impact on mainstream culture.
Categorize the meaning of the word 'culture' in the sentences in exercise 5. Decide
whether it relates to a) the arts such as music, literature, etc.; orb) the ideas of a group of
people or an organization.
7 Think of three positive aspects of one of the topics below relating to your own experience
or a country you know well
contemporary culture
popular culture
celebrity culture
materialistic culture
Find a student or students who chose the same topic and discuss your topic.
1 Work alone and make questions about your national culture using 1-4.
1 the kinds of cultural activities/ experiences a visitor to your country would expect to see
(Whatkind(s) of... ?)
2 the frequency of celebrations and festivals (How often ... ?)
3 the time of year of celebrations and festivals (When/ At what time ofyear ... ?)
4 whether you take part in them actively/ passively (Do yvu take part in ... ?)
Work in pairs and swap your questions. Take turns to ask and answer the questions. Then
discuss the questions as a whole class.
3 Work in pairs. Discuss the cultural activities 1-10 and assess their value. For example, are
they valuable experiences for young people?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Do rjOU
4 Make notes for the task card below. Compare your notes in pairs and explain what you are
going to talk about. Make changes to your notes, if you wish.
Describe a cultural experience or event you enjoyed or
didn't enjoy attending.
S Work in different pairs and take turns to talk about the task card.
Give feedback about how well you think you partner followed his/her notes.
you
followed H,e Vlotes
logLwllrj. you gL4Vlced Cit
tl,ie V\,otes rC!tvier tl,,14 V\, tr!j LV\,g
to reVM.eVM.ber tvieVM..
:;;;__,
2 Look at the questions 1- 10 below and decide what the talk is about.
3 @1.14 Listen and answer questions 1-10.
Questions 1-6
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for
each answer.
Art lectures
art for therapeutic purposes
art classes to promote creativity in
schools
various ways to promote participation
in art in (1) ......................................... .
Mainstream methods
colouring books TV programmes school art classes
trips to art galleries - running (2) .......................................... for various age groups
Non-mainstream methods
highlight art through (3) .......................................... with street art
street performers, e.g. jugglers, singers
astonishing form of street art - ( 4) .......................................... art
dramatic visual impact - stops people
shows vast holes in the ground with such (5) ......................................... .
difficult to replicate in a gallery
past artists used similar effects
Problem: Pavement art is (6) .......................................... and disappears.
Questions 7-10
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
7 As regards the criticism of street art for
not b eing mainstream, the speaker
A agrees with it.
B disagrees with it.
C accepts it.
8 To overcome reservations about street
artists causing graffiti, it is suggested
that
A a monitoring system could be
introduced.
B a fine could be administered fc
damage.
C a licence could be issued.
1 The three extracts from Listening Section 4 below contain relative clauses. Underline the
clauses and answer questions 1-3.
a One non-mainstream way of drawing people's and especially children's attention to art,
which is really intriguing, is random encounters with art in the street, so-called street art.
b Cities have always been full of street performers such as jugglers and singers, who add
colour to otherwise drab environments, sometimes as part of festivals such as the
Edinburgh Festival in Scotland.
c We've looked at ways that art can be used for therapeutic purposes with patients.
1 Does the relative clause tell us essential information?
2 Does the sentence still make sense if we remove the relative clause?
3 Is there a comma before and after the clause?
2 Complete the sentences 1-8 with the phrases a-h. There may be more than one answer.
Add any necessary punctuation.
1 The music concerts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ are very colourful.
3 Think about one of the following. Then work in pairs and take turns to talk about the
item you chose.
A piece of contemporary or traditional art I like is ...
A TV programme I first saw as a child is ...
The book I like best is ...
/
It
Grammar
focus
Defining clauses
1 You can use defining
relative clauses to
provide information
which cannot be left
out as the information
identifies who or what
is being referred to.
Such clauses do not
have commas at the
beginning and end of
the clause.
The artist who painted tht
pictures in this gallery has
used very vibmnt colours.
2 You can omit the
relative pronoun ifit is
the object of the
clause, but only in
defining clauses.
3 When speaking,
some people use that
instead of who/whom.
Non-defining clauses
1 You can use
non-defining relative
clauses to provide
additional information
which can be left out.
Such clauses have
commas at the
beginning and the end
2 You cannot leave out
the relative pronoun in
non-defining clauses
when it is the object of
the clause.
3 You cannot use the
word that to introduce
a non-defining clause.
You use which with
prepositions rather
than that.
You use whose to
describe possession.
England
Magazines
Websites
Emails
Newspapers
Biogs or networking websites
Fiction books
Comics or graphic novels
Manuals or instructions
Factual books
Poetry
Percentages
Boys -
Girls
..illllilllll!I
O
1
15
30
45
2
60
15
90
3 Work in pairs. In each pair of sentences 1-4, decide ifb is a correct paraphrase of a.
Correct any factual information in sentence b which is incorrect.
1 a The reading patterns for both genders differ significantly.
b There is a vast difference in the reading patterns for boys and girls.
2 a The mosr popular reading material among both boys and girls is magazines,
approximately 65 per cent and 80 per cent respectively.
b Magazines are more popular among both genders than the other materials, with a
greater proportion of girls than boys (approximately 80 per cent and 65 per cent
respectively) reading such material.
3 a Almost as many girls as boys read websites, approximately 55 per cent and 58 per cent
respectively.
b Not as many boys as girls read websites, approximately 58 per cent and 55 per cent
respectively.
4 a The most noticeable difference between boys' and girls' reading habits is seen in
magazines and newspapers.
b Magazines and newspapers stand out as the two rypes of reading materials in which the
difference between boys and girl is striking.
4 Write three sentences ofyour own about biogs or networking websites, fiction books or
factual books in the chart, as in exercise 3. Then compare your sentences in pairs.
News
Films
Comedy
Live sport coverage
Wildlife
Soaps
History
Food and cookery
Contemporary or period drama
Quiz shows
Current affairs or politics
Percentages
Men -
10
20
30
40
Women
7 Compare your answers in pairs. Check how you have described/ compared individual rypes
of programmes.
Additional material: page 108
Writing bank: page 113
50
60
70
80
1 Work in groups. Decide whether you think the statements below are true.
1
2
3
4
2 Scan the text and find answers to the questions in exercise 1. Do they match your answers?
Why is this? "It's not to say that everything is fine and happy,"
Dodds says. "It's just that language is social." In contrast to
traditional economic theory, which suggests people are
inherently and rationally selfish, a wave of new social science
and neuroscience data shows something quite different: that
we are a pro-social storytelling species. As language emerged
and evolved over the last million years, positive words, it
seems, have been more widely and deeply engrained into our
communications than negative ones. "If you want to remain in
a social contract with other people, you can't be a ... ," well,
Dodds here used a word that is rather too negative to be fit to
print - which makes the point.
This new work adds depth to the Twitter study that the
Vermont scientists published in December that attracted
attention from different media outlets. "After that mild downer
story, we can say, 'But wait - there's still happiness in the
bank;" Dodds notes. "On average, there's always a net
happiness to language." Both studies drew on a service from
Amazon called Mechanical Turk. On this website, the UVM
researchers paid a group of volunteers to rate, from one to
nine, their sense of the "happiness" - the emotional
temperature - of the 10,222 most common words gathered
from the four sources. Averaging their scores, the volunteers
rated, for example, "laughter" at 8.50, "food" 7.44, "truck"
5.48, and "greed" 3.06.
The Vermont team then took these scores and applied them to
the huge pools of words they collected. Unlike some other
studies - with smaller samples or that elicited strong
emotional words from volunteers - the new UVM study, based
solely on frequency of use, found that "positive words strongly
outnumber negative words overall."
notes. Instead, the trends he and his team have observed are
driven by the bulk of English words tending to be happy.
If we think of words as atoms and sentences as molecules that
Questions 1-5
Do the following statements agree with the information given in th e reading passage?
Write:
YES
ifthe statement agrees with the claims ofthe writer
NO
ifthe statement contradicts the claims ofthe writer
NOT GIVEN ifit is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
1 People might expect the New York Times and Twitter to have more positive than n egative
words.
2 According to Dodds, English people prefer using positive words.
3 Dodds' second study is linked to an earlier one.
4 Dodds' first study was mainly ignored by the media.
5 According to Dodds' studies, there has been a fall in the positivity of English along with a
rise in short-term average happiness.
Questions 6-9
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-H, below.
6 The source materials used in the second study were
7 According to traditional economic theory, people are
8 Using the Mechanical Turk, the most common words were
9 The new study focused on words that were
A essentially social.
B used frequently.
C rarely spoken.
D graded on a scale.
E different from each
other.
F emotional.
Questions 10-13
Complete the summary using the list of words and phrases, A-1, below.
B the trend in
E partially negative
H special terms
C doubts about
F the general ideas
I common words
Reaction
4 Work in groups. What is your reaction to the text? Do you agree with the contents?
Do you find them surprising/funny?
,'IJ}'Jf#,
,J,J,J,,t;
1 Work in pairs. Match the notes a - c to the questions about world culture 1- 3.
World culture
1 Do you think it is important for schoolchildren to learn about other cultures in school?
Why/Why not?
2 In what ways.can children be taught about culture?
3 Do you think that one day there will be one world culture? Why/ Why not?
2 Think of two words (either verbs or adjectives) you associate with each question 1- 3
below. Write notes as in exercise 1.
Cultural activities
1 Some people think that cultural activities should not be subsidized by the government.
What is your opinion?
2 What is the effect if the cost of cultural activities such as theatre or cinema visits is too
high?
3 What kind of cultural activities do you think will be popular in the future?
Work in groups of three and take turns to discuss the questions in exercises 1 and 2 in
pairs. The third student should give general feedback. Avoid looking at any notes.
Useful
language
Talking about
solutions:
should/could/a good
idea is to/one
solution/measure/
step/way/answer/
option is ...
II...-~~~~~~~......
In some parts of the world traditional festivals and celebrations are disappearing.
Film attendance in some counties is on the decline.
Cultural activities such as theatre performances are becoming expensive to attend.
Languages such as English are spreading while other local languages are dying out.
Newspaper sales are declining.
International travel is increasing with more people flying long distances than in the past.
Young people are losing interest in traditional skills and crafts.
The number of people working in traditional manufacturing jobs is declining.
2 Work in groups and compare your answers to exercise 1. Then choose one of the
statements and:
state the cause and describe it from a national and/or international perspective.
provide and explain the examples and effects.
give at least one solution in each case.
1 In some parts of the world traditional festivals and celebrations have disappeared
or are disappearing. From an international perspective, this is the direct result of
globalization. For example ...
Measures
an economic boost to local/ rural areas
cultural centres
more local museums
schoolchildren participating in local
fes tivals
education/school trips
learning local languages
inviting people into the school
Work in groups. Compare your answers to exercise 3 and discuss one of the causes and
one of the measures in detail.
In excercise 5, think
about: singular/
plural, missing words,
subjec~verbm
agreement , articles,
adjectives, spelling,
prepositions, the form
of words, and
punctuation in
relative clauses.
5 Read Writing Task 2 below. Then find and correct the mistakes in paragraph 1, which is
part of the answer to the task. Compare your answers in pairs.
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:
In some parts ofthe wor.lJ traditional.festivals and celebrations have disa]!peared or are disappearing.
What do you think are the causes ofthis development and what measures could be taken to solve it?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge and
experience. Write at least 250 words.
..
Paragraph 1
There are many cause of this situation, but perhaps the main is the migration of people away from rural areas to the
cities, tends to occur mainly among young people. This process of urbanization is very damaging to local communities,
as it means that only the older generations are left behind. With movement of people, there is a good chance that many
of those who move away will loose contact with their home towns and tradition practices. They may also learn new
languages and new customs, which may further erode the old customs and traditions. This may then make them feel their
'former culture' is old-fashioned and of less value than the new cultur they are experiencing. (7 mistakes )
6 Work in pairs and find examples of the following in the answer in exercise 5.
--
Paragraph 1
1 a topic sentence
3 a explanation of the
evaluation
4 a relative clause
5 a second cau se
6 a conclusion
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:
Interest in traditional skills and crafts among young people worldwide is declining.
What do you think are the causes ofthis development and what measures could be taken to solve it?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from 'your bwn knowledge and
experience. Write at least 250 words.
9 Work in pairs. Use the lists of items in exercise 6 to help you analyse one or more of your paragraphs.
Writing bank: page 119
vew
Vocabulary: Collocations with culture
1 Provide an example of behaviour and activities for 1-4.
O
1
2
3
4
football culture
business culture
consumer culture
workplace culture
mainstream culture
O going to matches, wearing the colours of the football teams, going on trips to
support teams
contemporary culture
traditional culture
popular culture
street culture
modern culture
The tickets for the ballet sold out overnight. They cost more than 100 euros each.
Concerts are very expensive. They don't attract students or poor people.
Culture is very important for all of us. It is often undervalued by the government.
Films often show a lot of violence. They should be banned.
Museums are centres of education. They should be free.
People read a lot of books and newspapers. They are often well informed.
The arts need to be subsidized. They reach a lot of people.
The tickets for the ballet, which cost more than 100 euros each, sold out overnight
2 Work in pairs. Read the extracts from the writing task on page 94. Which contains a
defining relative clause and which a non-defining relative clause? How do you know?
1 The least common type of reading material among boys was poetry (approximately 10 per
cent), which contrasted with manuals or instructions at around 12 per cent.
2 While the proportion of girls who read emails exceeded boys (about 60 per cent against
45 per cent), the reverse was the case regarding newspapers, with boys at just under
45 per cent and girls about 28 per cent.
Write two alternative sentences about three items in the chart opposite.
1 The main association that was made with the word 'culture' was arts, accounting for
nearly 40 per cent of respondents.
Arts, which accounted for nearly 40 per cent of respondents, was the main
association made with the word 'culture'.
Review
Associations made with the word 'culture', persons aged over 14 years, EU-27, 2007
Arts (performance and visual arts, - architecture,
painting, art galleries, etc.)
Literature, poetry, playwriting, !iuthors
Traditions, languages, customs and social or cultural
communities
~======
History
Civilisation (Western, Asian, African, Arab, etc.)
Museums : : : : -
Values and beliefs (including philosophy and religion)
Leisure, sport, travel, fun
Not interested, not for me
Too elite, snobbish, posh , boring, (negative things)
Percentages O
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1933
1948
1963
1978
1993
2008
Additional material
Unit 1
I ElTS Speaking Parts 1 and 2 page 7
1 Make questions using the prompts 1-8.
O
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
enjoy/ studying/English?
enjoy/ living in a city?/ Why/ Why not?
how often/family/go/ trips/ away from home?
you/ like/ modern towns or cities?/Why/ Why not?
kinds/ places/you/visit/your country?
recommend/these places/ tourists to visit? Why/Why not?
most modem/city/visited?
old buildings/ important/ your culture? Why/ Why not?
prefer/ modem buildings/ old buildings?
2 Compare your questions in pairs. Then take turns to ask and answer the questions. Your
answers should be no more than two or three sentences.
3 Work in groups and choose a task card, A or B. Make a list of at least five reasons why you
might dislike a city or town, or reasons for liking a modem building.
A
4 Work in pairs with a student who chose the same task card. Take turns to talk about the
card. Compare your reasons and discuss which reasons were best.
2 Work in pairs. Talk about three of the places in exercise 1 giving reasons, examples and
purposes.
The area around the village where I come from has not undergone enormous change
in the last 20 years. In fact, there has been very little economic or industr ial
development. The main reason for th is is ...
Unit 2
Vocabulary 1: Collocations - multiple combinations page 18
1 Answer the questions below. In some cases there may be more than one answer. Use words
and phrases from page 18.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Compare your answers in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer the questions.
Spend five minutes thinking about explanations for the statements below.
1
2
3
4
5
Work in groups. Discuss one statement from exercise 3, giving reasons and examples. One
member of the group then summarizes your discussion for the whole class in one minute.
Occupational structure of the employed population, by age group, EU, 2007 (%)
B
15-24
25-29
30-54
Skilled non-manual
Skilled manual
Elementary occupations
Others
Additional material
2 Compare your answers with another pair of students.
As a whole class, collate the information on the board. When you have finished, look at
the pie charts again and check if there is anything you want to add to the list on the board.
1 dramatic increase new technology products has made the choice for consumers difficult.
2 regeneration old parts towns is needed to ensure preservation important buildings historical interest
3
4
5
6
7
O There has been a dramatic fall in the cost of travelling in recent years.
Unit 3
Language focus: Prepositions page 33
1 Use a preposition to continue the' sentences in your own words.
O
1
2
3
4
2 Compare your answers in pairs. Prepare three questions for two of the statements you
completed in exercise 1. Take turn to ask each other questions about the statements.
As a whole class, make a list of the main effects relating to sentence 3 in exercise 1.
Discuss how the information age might develop in the future.
1 Work in pairs. Look at photos A-D and say which type of process they represent: natural,
manufacturing or both.
3 Work in pairs. Choose one of the lists of stages in exercise 2 and, without preparation,
describe to your partner the process or cycle. Use verbs, or a mixture of verbs and nouns.
Unit4
Vocabulary: Leisure and entertainment page 43
1 Make as many noun phrases as possible using the words below.
street
tLeLsure
gooo{s
vicHvLt les/
-pursuLts
Decide what the purpose is of at least five of the items you made in exercise 1.
The purpose of street entertainment is to bring pleasure to the public and also to earn
money.
Work in pairs and explain your answers in exercise 2, giving reasons and examples.
Unit 5
1 Decide how you would evaluate 1-10. Use one or more of the adjectives in the box.
highly desirable
invaluable
prohibitive
essential
achievable
wasteful
sensible
uneconomical
5
6
7
8
impossible
extravagant
effective
ineffective
joining a gym
employing more doctors
increasing the salaries of nurses
eating a healthy diet
2 Work in groups. Compare your answers and discuss your evaluations, giving reasons and
examples.
The diagram below illustrates item 3 in exercise 1. In groups, complete the diagram with
notes.
(1)
(6) .................................... .
(3) .................................... .
4 Compare your completed diagram with other groups and then the whole class.
S Discuss and write the introduction and first paragraph of Writing Task 2 below.
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Some people think that ridding the world ofdisease should be the priority ofhealthcare systems.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge
and experience.
Write at least 250 words.
Additional material
Unit 6
Useful
language
1 Work in pairs, A and B. Student A: study the map for Tanton from 1985. Student B: study
the map for Tanton from 2010. Do not look at each other's map.
2 Student A: describe the map. Student B: each time Student A describes something that
differs from your map, interrupt and describe the difference.
Student A
Tanton,1985
farmland
farmland
Student B
farmland
Tanton, 2010
...."'"....
farmland
- ....,,... -
--
+
airport
f woo
an
Additional material
Unit 7
1 Work in pairs. Rewrite sentences 1-5 so there is less repetition. Use it, this, they and this + a
suitable noun. Compare your sentences other students.
O Children are exposed to a considerable number of adverts which are harmful from a very
early age, so parents should be careful to protect children from adverts which are harmful.
1 Browsing the internet can be fun, but browsing the internet also wastes a lot of time.
2 People tend to be led by advertising when people shop, but advertising doesn't always
affect people's shopping habits.
3 TV adverts during children's programmes should be banned, but banning adverts during
children's programmes is not going to stop the problem.
4 Some people think that children don't notice the adverts on TV, but children do. So
parents need to be aware of the fact that children notice adverts on TV.
5 Companies such as supermarkets carry out surveys to gauge shoppers' preferences.
Carrying out surveys to gauge shoppers' preferences is not the only practice that
companies use to engage with shoppers.
O Children are exposed to a considerable number of adverts which are harmful from a
very early age, so parents should be careful to protect them from this.
2 Work in pairs and write three sentences about one of the following. Write on a large sheet
of paper to display to the class.
the time wasted by people of all ages
playing on computers
the time saved by using computers
3 Display your answers and check each other's work for repetition.
Unit 8
Useful
language
Noyn phrases
those aged 15-24
those in the 15-24
age group
15-24-)lear-o,as
those who are 15-24
(years old)
the 15-24 (~year-old)
age group
Verbs
take part in
participate in
do
be involved in
1 Work in pairs. Write at least five questions about the bar chart below.
Participation rates in artistic activities, by age group, EU-27, 2007
Decorating, handicrafts, gardening
Dancing
Photography/film
[ ; ;; ;';
Acting
Ill I I I-
Singing
f&f'i" " r
Writing
----
15-24
25-39
40-54
None (spontaneous)
Otheractivities
Percentages
- . . _
O
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
2 Work with another partner. Take turns to ask and answer your questions from exercise 1.
3 Write several sentences comparing the participation of the different age groups in one of
the artistic activities.
Writing bank
;f . ::::::..-
11:_US Writi~ask 1
Line graphs
Unit 1, page 10
by age
United Kingdom
70
60
Three main
trends:
flat
downwards
upwards (x2)
50
~
40 ~~~--~----~~-"'
30
20 -=..-:::::::::::::_,......:::::;:,-10
Aged 15-24 - -
Aged 25-34 - -
Aged 35-44 - -
0
Millions 1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Model answer
The chart provides information about cinema attendance
among a range of age groups in the UK between 1997 and
2009.
summarismg statement 1---+----,There was a noticeable rise in cinema admissions for those
aged 45 and over. Between 1997 and 2009, admissions more
than doubled from approximately 20 million to around 43
comparison
million, peaking in 2008 at about 50 million. Similarly, the
comparison
trend for those aged 35-44 was upwards, rising from 20
million admissions to just over 30 million, an increase of
approximately 50 per cent.
By comparison, for those in the 15-24 age group, the most <-(- -o----; comparison
frequent cinema-goers, the overall trend is flat, fluctuating
NB: million not millions 1 - -. -.... between about 60 million and 62 million a mission..,.___
As regards those aged 25- 34, this was the only group
summarising phrases
where there was a decline in admissions with a fall from
approximately 40 million in 1997 to about 36 million in
2009.
overview
1--+--""7 Overall, it is clear that while cinema adm issions within the
four age groups fluctuated, the general trend was upwards
from approximately 140 million in 1997 to 170 million in
f - -- 1 -- - > 2009.
complex sentence
paraphrase of the rubric
{'l
Introduction
Comparisons
Trends
Verbs: rises/declines
downward( s )/flat.
Noun phrases
Verbs
25-24-year-olds
Task
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The graph below shows the number offoll-time qualified teachers in state schools in the
United Kingdom.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
United Kingdom
200
160
120 - - -~
-=-
80
0
Thousands
1981/82
1986/87
1991/92
Women - secondary
1996/97
Men - secondary
2001 / 02
2007/ 08
Writing bank
Pie charts Unit 2, page 21
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The pie charts below show the expenditure oftwo technology companies ofsimilar siz:.e in the
UK in 2012.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Model answer
II
Equipment
Equipment
Training
Training
Managers' salaries
Managers' salaries
Employees' salaries
Consultancy fees
Consultancy fees
'
a striking feature/
summarizing phrase 1--~ -- - - - - - - - ~
Writing bank
Phrases
The bulk of
The majority of
The main part of
A small/large/sizeable proportion of
Task
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The pie charts below show the production offruit and vegetables in the 27 countries ofthe
European Union in 2009.
Summariz:.e the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
57 million tonnes
36 million tonnes
Tomatoes
Onions
Carrots
Lettuces
Others
Apples
Oranges
Peaches
Pears
Strawberries
Others
Minutes per day using each medium: by age, 2009/10 United Kingdom
Hours and minutes per day
4.30
4 .00
3.30
16-24
2.30
25-44
2.00
45-54
1.30
55 and over
3 .00
1.00
0.30
0
Television
Compute.-
Radio
Model answer
paraphrase of the
rubric: the minutes
summary of data relating to TV
per day spent
by different age
groups
,___,___, The chart illustrates the amount oftim various age groups
devoted to selected media on a dail asis in the UK in 2009/10.
More time overall was spent on watc ing television than t P
companson
other two media, with the oldest age rouR lln= ng more than
four hours to this activity. The 45-54 ge group apart, viewing
increased with age, at nearly 3 and a half hours for those aged '<
16-24, 3 hours 20 minutes for those aged 45- 54 and nearly 3.30
hours for the those aged 25-44.
phra .: to draw
As regards using the computer, there is a clear pattern of time
atLntion to the
use, which declined with age from just over 3 and a half hours for
computer
the youngest age group to about 75 minutes for the oldest group.
The least popular medium was radio. The 45-54 age group
listened to the radio the most Uust under 90 minutes), while for
the other age groups listening ranged from less than 30 minutes
to 70 minutes, increasing generally with age.
overview
f - -----l>~
Generally speaking, television is clearly the favourite medium.
summary of data
relating to the
computer
Writing bank
Useful language
Synonyms
In
Describing attitudes
what (people) think about ... , people's
perception of/view on/position on/
thoughts about/views on
Noun phrases
those/ children aged 8-16, boys/ girls
aged 8- 16, boys/girls in the 8-16 age
group, those who enjoy reading quite a
lot/who take considerable pleasure in
reading
Task
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The bar chart below provides information about children's attitudes to reading in the United
Kingdom in 2009.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
Write at le.a st 150 words.
O
Boys -
Children a ged 8 to 16
10
15
Girls
20
Gffilllllllffl
25
30
35
40
45
Writing bank
Some people believe that educatiqn is the key to tackling hu~ge,r worldwide, while others feel,
that the answer lies in food aid. ,;, "'
'" iH ? ,1, ,I .i ,l!! ,,!' "
I! II
,Hi
"
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
experience.
Write at least 250 \y'ords.
Model answer
brief introduction
evaluation of
education
evaluation of
food aid
conclusion
1--- +-->
1---+~
There is no denying that education and food aid both play a vital
part in fighting hunger on a global basis.
The role of education is important because by providing
view 1
education to impoveri shed communities, they can be lifted out
of poverty and hence hunger and be able to fend for themselves
without outside aid. Teaching people, both chi ldren and adults,
explanation
to read and write can give them the power to take control of their
own lives, eventually setting up businesses, trad ing arid perhaps
teaching others.
Food aid can also have an impact on alleviating hunger through
view 2
rich countries giving food at times of dire need, such as during
famines or at times o f droughts . Such a id can be a matter of life
and death, as it can bring whole communities back from the brink
of disaste r. For example, food aid can be used to provide shortterm help after a disaster such as an earthquake or flooding.
Both education and food aid do have an important role to play
in alleviating hunger throughout the world. However, the latter is
more ofa short-term measure that works in times of hardship,
personal view
but, if it becomes a long- term meas ure , it can create dependency
and have a negative impact. Education , by contrast, is likely to
have a more lasting effect. In fact, education could be combined <--"""------< p ersonal view
with food aid by teaching people how to protect food production
by planting trees and conserving water. This could lead to greater
self-reliance, and even food exports.
In conclusion , food aid and education have their part to play in
d ealing with the phenomenon of hunger around the world , but
perhaps the key does lie with education.
, I feel, however, .. .
Admittedly>both ...
Task
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:
Some people feel that young people fhould be made to work for a year before they go to
university while others think that they should go straight to university from school.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
experience. Write at least 250 word s.
l
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:
Nowadays the way modern society is developing is being shaped by people's migration to
large cities.
In what ways~ migration to large cities affecting society?
Has this become a positive or negative development?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
expenence.
Write at least 250 words.
Writing bank
Model answer
general idea, or
~hook'
topic sentence
positive impact
examples
another positive
impact
evaluation/
conclusion
-1
1~
'
-- -
Useful language
Verbs
As a co nsequence,
Consequently,
Describing change
Giving reasons
... is now ... , ... then ... , And so/So ... , Thus,
A/One negative/ positive impact is .. .
Nouns
Other phrases
As a result,
Task
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:
Nowadays the way that people ofall ages interact with each other is being shaped 1,y social media.
In what way is social media affecting the re'Jationships that people make?
Has this become a positive or negative development?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge
or experience. Write at least 250 words.
general impact I
n egative impact
it!
'
I
,-
I
I
":I
reason
examples
examples
results
I
I
Writing bank
To what extent do you agree or disagree? What other measures do you think
might be effective?
Unit 4, page 51; Unit 5, page 59; Unit 7, page 87
mYou should \,pend :about\:io minut'es on ~his task.
Write about the following topic:
:ii
Model answer
answering first
question: evaluation
of'the best way'
explanation of
evaluation
reason
topic sentence
~H
other ways
conclusion
referring back to
the introduction
=-.
example
synonyms of
'way'
I
I
ocher ways
l.Jsefal language
Plan
,
f
1,
Ui'' :,
,:j>
ii
Introduction
i 2 Evaluation
t3
Introducing measures'
Explanation of
evaluation
4 ~0ther measures:
Task
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
What do you think are the causes of these problems and what
measures could be taken to solve them?
Unit 8, page 99
You should spend about 40 minutes on chis task.
Write about the following topic:
In some countries, employers think young people nowadays lack verbal and nonverbal communication skills such as body language compared to the past.
What do you think are the causes ofthis problem and what measures could be
taken to solve it?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
own expenence.
Write at least 250 words.
bank
Model answer
introduction with
restatement of the
problem
nouns indicating the
organization of the
essay
a synonym for factor/
cause, linking the
paragraph to the
introduction and the
writing task
solutions from
two angles
more solutions
conclusion with a
comment on the
future
Given the vitality of youth culture, it seems strange that there should
be shortcomings as regards young people's verbal and non-verbal
co mmunication skills. However, there is no doubt that they do exist.
There are varirni ">factors behind this and, of course, a number of
H approaches exist to tackle the situation.
I
One majo~ eason is the nature of many leisure pursuits in which young f
/ people take part nowa days. Take video games, for instance. Although (----- ...___
more than one participant can take part in these simultaneously,
they are played mainly by solitary individuals, especially young men.
Moreover, by spending up to four hours or more per day on computers
- communicating by email and on social networking sites - the
ability to interact verbally and non-verbally through body language is
being lost. This shows up clearly when some young people go for job
interviews or when they are in a job and start interacting with other
people.
- ~ The situation can be dealt with from different angles. At home, parents
can be encouraged to talk to their c hildren more. This, however, may
prove difficult in all circumstances if parents are working. Schools
and employers then need to play a key role. Schools, for example, ,
could introduce communication classes or better still ensure that
schoolchildren interact with people and organizations outside the
classroom.
H Older students can also go on visits to employers and do work
placements. Employers could also have t hei r own in-work ~
communication training sessions using actors and actresses to simulate I
real-life scenarios.
' The problem of a lack of communication ski lls does exist and may even ~
become a greater problem in the future, but it can be managed if the
~
t
right strategies are used .
example followed
by explanation as
evidence
example
more solutions \
Useful language
Stating causes
Statin.g solutions
can/co\Jld/~hould
Jllhrases_
: play(s) a f?_art/role in, coAuib,ute(,~) to,
if~t: li f1 :jl it' :1~11
~s/are t~'e"rJsult of, 11~es~lt(~) fr6'm, lliapperi'f~)/'
It is possible to ...
occur(s), because, come(s)/arise(s) from, is/are
Another way/measure is to
r~sponsiqle for
.
1
;l}ti
'ft,
~:::
mea~ffire.t11 :Iuh:
is another way/
tf{fl!
Task
You should spend about 40__ minutes on this task.
Write about the follci1&,in'g t~pic:
'
All countries throughout the world are facing health issues related to modern lifestyles.
What do you think are the causes ofth~se proble#Js and what measurefrould be taken to solve them?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience.
Write at least 250 words.
Listening scripts
1 A very modem world
IELTS Speaking Parts 1 and 2,
Exercise 3
Iii\
1.1
{I) 1.2
(W = woman; M = man)
W: Hello. Can I help you?
M: Yes, ... mmm ... Hi, I got your
telephone number from your
newsletter for the Skyline Club. Are
you the secretary, Mary Lloyd?
W: Yes, I am. How can I help you?
M: Hi, my name's Paul. I'm enquiring
about the walking club and I'd like
some more details.
W: Well, we meet once a month
throughout the year, weather
permitting, and the walks are
usually either Tuesday evening or
Saturday morning.
M: Oh, OK. Both those days suit me.
(I) 1.3
Good morning and welcome to White
Bay Coastal Park, which has just
celebrated its first anniversary. The
park covers a huge area along the coast,
spreading over approximately 1000
hectares, so there are lots of things to
see; in fact, it is unlikely that you'll
see everything on one visit alone. The
opening of the park has led to increased
interest in local historical issues among
children and adults alike, and also
in our research, with visitors arriving
daily from all over the world, including
academics coming to see the work being
done. The park is essentially divided
into two parts: the area where all the
research and excavations are taking
place at the moment and the open
parkland, which includes the beach and
the coastal area.
You can see here on the plasma
screen that we are in the foyer of the
Listening scripts
educarional centre. When you leave chis
centre rhrough chis door over here you
will go sourh pasr rhe souvenir shop,
where you can also sir down and have
light refreshments. Immediately afrer
this building is ... rhe minibus stop.
The minibuses leave from here every
ten to fifreen minures, if you don't feel
like walking rhrough rhe firsr part of
rhe park and wish to go srraighr to
the coasral area to explore rhe beach
and rhe rocks. You can see here on the
screen char afrer the minibus stop, the
path goes east, parallel to the coast. The
first place you come to on the north side
of the path is the remains of an ancient
marketplace. East of that and still on
the north side of the path is a very good
example of an open-air rheatre.
@1.4
@1.s
(D = David; M = Martha)
D: Hi, Martha. You've found a quiet
place.
M: Hi, David. Yes, bur I chink ir's just
because we're early.
D: Have you done much on collecting
marerial yer for your long essay?
M: Mmm, yeah. I've done quire a lot
of research. I planned to have it all
finished by roday. And I chink I've
just about succeeded in doing so.
D: Mmm. I'm not there yet. I'd like
co get rhe research rime down
considerably.
M: Ir's difficulr making yourself do ir
on time. But now I'm so used to
purring notes and materials into
order as I do it. Everything's stored
elecrronically and ... I also print
our and annorare a paper copy of
journals, and everything.
Listening scripts
related co the subject and don't
know when co stop.
M: Maybe, as well as narrowing down
your search initially, you could
restrict yourself co examining a
certain number of sources.
D: Wouldn't that be artificial? And
what happens ifI miss something?
M: No, just aim for it and then if you
don't find what you want then set
more targets and m aybe change
your search words.
@1.6
I'd like co d escribe a day chat I didn 't
go to work a few m onths ago ... ahh ...
when my flatmate and I cook a day off
work. We decided co make good u se of
the time and go somewhere we no rmally
wouldn't go. We borrowed bicycles from
friends who live nearby and headed off
on a cycling trip along the canal, which
runs for miles through the city into the
countryside. When we got tired, we, ...
ahh ... stopped for a while and watch ed
the canal boats go by. As the first part
of the canal was built up, we were able
to stop for lunch before going on and it
was much more peaceful than the city ...
ahh ... as we watched people passing by
slowly o n their boats and taking their
time doing thi n gs. When we reached the
countryside, we locked up the bicycles
in a safe place and ... ahh ... walked for
a while along the canal. I remember
the day well, because ... ahh ... I really
enjoyed the day out, and because it was
... mmm ... so relaxing co be outdoors
rather than being stuck in a sh op in
the middle of the city. We saw loads of
wild animals and birds and watched
birds catching insects on the water.
The people o n the boats were frie ndlier
than the people in the city and waved
to us. T he journey back was tiring, but
it didn't matter as we had s uch a great
day out.
@1.7
Good m o rning, my name is Dr Hammer
from the Business D epartment at the
university and welcome co all of you
who have come co chis lunchtime
lecture on Leisure and entertainment:
A rosy future. Before I look at a few
predictions fo r the leisure and
entertainment industry worldwide in
the next few decad es, I'm going to talk
briefly about past predictions that were
wrong and some statistics comparing
the situatio n in the UK and the USA.
Listening scripts
As regards personal computers, the gap
between the UK and the USA is more
striking, with 599.8 per one thousand
people in the UK owning a PC, ranked
12' 11 in 2004; with the corresponding
figure for the USA (ranked 4,1, place)
being 762.2 per one thousand people.
This was 27 per cent more than in the
United Kingdom.
So, it is with some timidity chat I come
co my predictions for the future of the
leisure industry. My first prediction is
in the area of h o m e entertainment. I
forecast that the area where the most
noticeable developments in the leisure
and entertainment industries will be
is in home entertainment. With high
definition o r HD television, 30 TVs
and more sophisticated sound systems
becoming more widely available, h ome
entertainmen t will become ch eaper
and more attractive to families. As with
predictions about the demise of the
cinema when videos and DVDs came on
the market, I do not chink that this will
lead to a downturn in cinema-goin g. In
fact, I chink th e opposite will occur with
ever more sophis ticated films being
released.
My second predictio n is linked with
mobile technology. I predict that the
mobile will replace credit cards, travel
cards and tablets with the end of th e
personal computer in the long term. I
predict that chis will come about in the
n ext d ecade.
My third predictio n relates co the
internet and ...
5 A healthy world
IELTS Listening Section 1,
Exercise 3
@1.8
(M
m an; W
woman)
W:Mmm.
M: OK. Is there anything in particular
you'd like co ask about?
W: Mmm, ... basically I'd like to know
what's involved in the volunteering
programme for the elderly.
M: Well, we are looking for volunteers
for different things. We have three
different schemes. First, there's
volunteer work h ere in the office
helping with mainraining our
database o f m embers.
W: Do you need any sp ecial skills for
that?
M: Well, you n eed to be familiar with
using a computer and completing
record sheets.
W: Mmm ... T hat's n ot really t h e sore of
t hing I was looking for.
M: OK. T hen there's the second
volunteer sch em e which involves
raising money, running events and
sending out letters.
W: OK.
M: You can complete and submit the
application online.
@1.9
(E = examiner; C = candidate)
E: Do you think the world will be free
of disease in the future?
candidate)
Listening scripts
down for a long time, it would have
a huge impact on social order. It
would result not only in financial
costs for businesses, but it could
also lead to loss oflife and social
chaos. In fact I think it would be
chaotic.
E: In what way?
C: Well, mmm, while GPS systems are
not used that much in my country,
phone networks would be affected
and maybe other communications,
so supermarkets might not be able
to order food, which could lead
to huge problems, and people in
remote areas might be cut off I
think we should always ...
(!)1.11
Welcome everybody, good morning
and thanks for coming. The reason for
arranging the meeting is to make sure
that we are all up-to-date about the
progress for the preparation for the
college's anniversary in two months'
time, which is focusing this year on
our scientific achievements over the
past year, especially the Young Rocket
Scientist Team of the Year Award.
As you all know, we've been having
individual meetings, but now that
everything is firming up I thought it
would be wise to have a meeting and
make sure that everyone knows where
we all are. I think if we hadn't had the
individual meetings up to now, things
wouldn't have gone so smoothly.
First of all, just a few general details.
The sponsorship that we were hoping
for from the various sources has now
been confirmed and with the support
from former pupils, I can now confirm
that we have raised all of the costs of the
anniversary celebration plus SO per cent
to spare. So we don't need to worry on the
money front! We have a number of special
guests coming to the event. In fact, we .
have the Mayor, Doris Jackson, along with
several famous footballers and actors and
TV stars. I'll reveal the names when we
have the invitations printed.
As for the invitations, we are sending
out five thousand, but expect to have
about two thousand guests on the day.
If more were to turn up, that'd be great.
We can cater for up to six thousand
with the marquee, but we agreed to
limit it to about two thousand.
7 A consumer society
IELTS Listening Section 3,
Exercise 3
(!) 1.12
(T = tutor; Ad= Adam; An = Angela)
T: OK, shall we start now that you ' re
both here? Who wants to go first?
Angela? Adam?
Listening scripts
T: And your questions?
Ad: They're fairly straightforward ... I
think. Three are about amount with
a scale from one to five, with one
being the least frequent and five
being the most. I've got them here if
you want to see them.
T: These look fine.
An: Yes, I like them.
T: You seem to have been working
hard, with the preparation you've
done already.
Ad: Thanks.
T: And Angela, how far have you got?
An: Mmm, I think I'm at about the
same stage really.
T: That's good.
An: I'm looking at children's
expenditure in the UK on selected
items, that is children aged eleven
to fifteen at secondary school,
provided that is that they get pocket
money. I'm going to ask about
spending on recreation and culture,
and things like snacks, clothing
and footwear, communication and
transport.
T: What would you say the challenges
have been for you so far?
An: Mmm, there've been many. I
initially thought I'd never finish
reading around the subject. There
seemed to be so much to read ,
but perhaps the two biggest that
I have faced have been narrowing
down the items to ask about and
... I suppose picking the schools to
approach to conduct the study.
Ad: And it's been the same for m e.
T : There are a couple of points that
you need to be aware of when you're
conducting the surveys.
Ad: OK.
An: All right.
T: First, you need to get permission
from the schools where you are
going to do the resea rch p roject.
Ad: We've both got our letters ready if
you want to look at them. But can
you say how long it's going to take
to get permission?
T: That's the point. It's difficult to say.
You need to get them out as early as
possible. You might get a reply by
return of post or you might wait a
couple of weeks. If you don't hear
1.13
Listening scripts
culture, which I think is unjustified.
Another complaint is that street art, like
3D art, encourages graffiti and damage
to property. Damage to property cannot
be condoned in any way, but if artists
restrict themselves to pavem ents, what
is the harm? In fact they are brightening
up public spaces. If necessary, street
artists can be given a licence by local
authorities to paint in the street and
be encouraged to do so rather than
discouraged. Some local utilities
like rubbish bins might benefit from
decoration by street artists, as might
derelict buildings - just like the frescoes
by the great artists of the past.
In fact, instead of thinking of the
negative aspects of street art and thus
street culture, it would perhaps be
better to think of the positive. Street art
is an important part o f street culture.
It brightens up people's lives. It also
has the potential to encourage people
of all ages, but especially young people,
to engage with art. It might change
people's attitudes and show them that
art in galleries and museums is not
just for rich people, but for everyone. If
street art breaks this barrier, even for a
small number of people, and inspires
one future great artist, it is worthwhile.
So I think street art is an important
form of street culture which is a
valid art form that can bring art to
the people, and h as the potential to
influence people's lives.
Answer key
Unit 1 A very modern world
5/6
Student's own answers
5/6
Student's own answers
Language focus: Verbs followed by -ing
and/ or infinitive
1
1 both - with the -ing form the emphasis
A walking club
2/3
Student's own answers
4
1 C 2 B 3 A 4/5/6 B, D, E 7 14th May
8 9.30 9 p.trimble765g 10 07899875543
Model answer
The chart shows the proportion of those
using the internet who download and use
a range of entertainment media in various
European countries compared co the
European Union average.
Overall, there is a clear upward trend in
downloads across Europe, although at
varying degrees. For example, in Bulgaria,
the country with the highest proportion
of downloads among internet users,
there was only a small increase over the
period from about 50 per cent co 52 per
cent with a peak of about 58 per cent in
2009. By contrast, France experienced
the most striking increase from about 20
per cent to 35 per cent between 2006 and
2011. In Germany, likewise, the rise in the
proportion of downloads was gradual,
from approximately 24 per cent in 2004 to
just about the same level as France in 2011.
enormous:
huge/ substantial/
considerable
have taken place: have occurred/
happened
Model answers
1 Unfortunately, very limited
progress is being made in preparing
schoolchildren for the modem world.
2 Enormous change is taking place in
people's lifestyles at the moment.
3 The introduction of high-speed rail
links between cities will promote
the economic development of the
continent.
4 A substantial reduction in traffic can
only be achieved if and when the focus
of transport moves away from the
private car.
5 As cities develop, the gradual evolution
of new ways ofliving and working will
follow.
6 Huge advances in design technology
have improved the world we live in.
3
Model answers
1 Unfortunately, progress is being made
slowly in preparing schoolchildren for
the modem world. / Unfortunately,
the preparation of schoolchildren for
the modem world is being m ade/ is
occurring/ happening slowly.
2 People's lifestyles are changing
enormously at the moment.
3 The introduction of high-speed rail
links between cities will develop the
continent economically./The continent
will develop economically as a result
of/ because of/with the introduction of
high-speed rail links between cities.
4 The traffic can only be reduced
substantially if and when the focus of
transport moves away from the private
car.
5 As cities develop, new ways ofliving
and working will then evolve gradually.
6 As design technology h as advanced
hugely, it has improved the world we
live in.
4-6
Student's own answers
IELTS Reading
1
Model answers
1 This is a large proportion of young
people and the numbers are likely to
mcrease.
2 I can't say I am always happy but it is
interesting to be online for a while, but
after an hour or so it is boring.
3 This can be true but if you have a lot of
friends online it takes away time from
developing face-to-face friendships,
which are more important.
4 I'd agree with chis. We are used to
using different media simultaneously,
because we have grown up with them.
2
Young people in the modern
technological age.
3
Student's own answers
4
1 0 2F 3A 4G SC 68 7C SA
9 C 10 A 11 reach and conneccivi cy
12 face-to-face communication
13 hybrid (lives)
5
Student's own answers
IELTS Writing Task 2
1
!d2c3e4f5b6a
2
Review
Language focus: Verbs followed by -ing
and/ or infinitive
3
2 c 3 b 4 a 5 a 6 c 7c 8 c
3/4
2
3
4
5
6
6
Model answer
A reduction in, and perhaps the
elimination of, world poverty is a highly
desirable aim. While some feel that the
key is a shift in the perception of other
countries, others feel that the most crucial
impact is made through trade.
2 ,I
3 The evolution of transport has
occurred steadily over the past hundred
years.
4 Changes that take place gradually
tend to achieve more than abrupt
transformations.
5 A substantial reduction in ignorance
can only be achieved through
education.
6 The enormous advances in medicine in
recent years are improving the lives of
everyone.
7 Too much control of the way children
behave and think can hinder the
development of creativity.
8 ,I
2
The development (2 of home working)
may be attractive to employees, but to
some people the idea that such working
practices give people freedom is an
illusion. They quote the negative aspect of
these practices (5 to the workers), namely
Answer key ,, ,
the social impact of people worki ng a lone
and the increased costs of having to pay
for heating, lighting and equipment. (3 In
latter case, the costs can be considerable
in both hot and cold climates, and
if essentials such as computers o r
telephon es break down.) This (1 situation)
benefits companies, because less o ffice
space is needed (4, thus reducing costs for
employers).
3
1 A 2 minibus stop 3 harbour
4 village 5 C 6 A 7 A 8 A 9 B 10 C
4
Student's own answers
carry out
into
search fo r:
take part in
undertake
historical
groundbreaking
market
compelling
6f 7e
4
Student's own answers
5
2, 4,5, 6, 7
4 , 5, 7
1, 3 , 5, 6, 7, 8
4 ,5 , 6, 7
2 , 4 , 5, 6, 7
1, 2, 3,4,5,6, 7
1, 2, 4,5, 7
2,5
1, 4 , 5, 7, 8
6
Model answer
T h e charts provide in form a ti o n abo ut
how much money was received by
different museums in a European country
111 two separate years.
2
3
4
5
6
3
3 The photos were fascinating as they
sh owed o ld form s o f transpo rt like
horses and carts.
5 it is very old-fashioned
6 very simple and straigh t forward / very
effective and quite compelli n g
4
1 ineffective
2 reasonab le
3 a ppropriate 4 impract ical 5 m ino r
6 crucial 7 unimpo rtant 8 significant
9 straigh t forward
5
1 The changes that took p lace in my
ho m e town were unim portant to the
people.
2 Taking part in a survey isn 't pointless./
It isn 't pointless to take part in a
survey. It's a confidence-building
experience.
3 Studying history is irrelevant to the
m odern wo rld .
4 It isn 't sen sible to ignore the experi ence
o f the past.
5 So m e peop le t hink t hat it is impractical
to rely so lely on sponsorship for the
arts.
6 In novation in industry has been
effect ive in developing new p roduc ts.
7 D o you think qualificat ions are more
worthwhile n owadays compared the
past?
8 The evidence fro m the study was
unconvm cmg.
6
Student's own answers
7/8
Model answers
A
1
IELTS Reading
1
la 2c 3b 4c Sc6b
2
The history of sunglasses
the effect of the sun's glare
The very first actual recorded evidence of
the use of sunglasses
any expressions in their eyes
the end of each trial
flat panes of quartz
prescription glasses for the public
A Blessing to the Aged
The longest noun phrase: The (very first
actual recorded) evidence of the use of
sunglasses
3
various reasons for climate changes
in the past/ various reasons for past
changes in the climate
2 the range of consumer products on sale
3 the most dynamic period in the
country's history
4 the answer to the problem of
overcrowding in cities
5 a brief description of different types of
ancient buildings
6 the impact of war on people's lives
4
6
Student's own answers
IELTS Writing Task 2
1
4
When any school subject is made a (8)
mandatory pare of the school curriculum,
it does not necessarily mean that it will
increase enough interest in the subject for
students to go on to study it at university.
In fact, sometimes it might have the
opposite effect.
Compulsion regarding history will
certainly bring (5) the attention of these
subjects to pupils, many of whom might
not have considered it (6) a worthwhile
subject to study. Admittedly, this would
in some cases encourage interest in the
subject, but on its own as (7) a means
of encouragement it is not en o ugh. For
history, there are m any st rategies that can
be implemented to encourage its uptake
at university.
History could be made compulsory for
the first few years of secondary school.
During this time lessons could be made
interesting and absorbing for students
by (1) visits not just to museums, (2) but
to historical sites oflocal and na tio nal
interest. (3) Visits to museums such as
t he transport museum in London are
a good way to encourage even primary
5
Model answer
C In many parts of the world, a university
education is now becoming out of reach
financially for many students. Many
factors have contributed to this situation,
but there are steps that can be taken to
address the problem.
The main factor is the increased
cost ofliving worldwide. As student
numbers have increased in recent years,
accommodation and construction
costs along with salaries have risen for
universities, especially in large cities like
London. Many governments have also
reduced their expenditure in areas such as
education, which has meant the burden
of funding further education at university
level has been transferred from the
taxpayer to students.
More sponsorship of university students
would go some way to addressing the
problem. Many of the larger universities
in the USA and the UK, such as Harvard
and Oxford and Cambridge, attract large
sums of money to their endowment
funds to help students facing hardship.
Such funding can be sought from large
companies and philanthropists, as well as
former university students. To encourage
such donations, the government could
increase tax breaks for donors.
Another possible step is the use of
distance learning. With modern
technology, especially through the use of
videoconferencing (via telephone lines
and over the internet), webinars, and
tutorials using Skype, university costs
can be reduced. Students can be further
helped by making courses more intensive,
thus reducing accommodation costs.
Alternatively, courses could be made more
modular and spread over a longer period
of time, allowing students to finish the
courses when they can afford to do so.
In conclusion, while the rising cost of
university education is making it too
expensive for many prospective students,
much can be done to offer help.
Review
Vocabulary 1
lb 2a 3h 4d Sf 6c 7g Se
2
2, 4, 5, 6
True:
False:
1, 3, 7
1 The study of history plays an
important role in the education
process of all young people.
2 While there may be some discussion as
to its main purpose in the education
system, to impart knowledge or skills
for life,
3 I personally feel that the latter is its
main function, but that the former is
also relevant.
The study of history could not be more
relevant nowadays to young people's
lives.
4 and 5 because the modern workplace
demands that employees understand
the processes oflife and skills that
studying history teaches them. Take for
example ...
5 This process can teach young people
of the effect of consequences of change
and developments, which they can
3
Model answer
An introduction and first paragraph
supporting the teaching of historical
facts:
The study of history plays an important
role in the education process of all young
people. There may be some discussion
as to its main purpose in the education
system, whether to impart knowledge or
skills for life, but I personally feel that the
former is its main function, but that the
latter is also relevant.
The study of historical information could
not be more relevant nowadays to young
people's lives, as it gives young people an
awareness of their past and of the world
Such awareness can also help workers as
they solve work problems and problems in
their personal lives, because knowledge of
the past can help people avoid mistakes
Another reason for studying historical
facts is that it helps to enrich people's
lives by making them aware of their
environment, both physical and social.
2
Students' own answers
3
The listening section is about students
discussing how to do research.
1 research habits -Question 1
2 flow chart - Questions 5- 7
3 journal article search - heading in
Questions 5- 7
4 a detailed analysis of the essay tide first item in Questions 5- 7
5 specific targets - second item in
Questions 5- 7
6 Organize, reduce time wasting and
don't overwhelm yourself with
information. - last item in Questions
5-7
133
Answer key
7 struggling with the essay after everyone
else has finished - after Question S
4
1 B 2 B 3 A 4 C 5 key terms 6 time
limit 7 bibliog raphy S good grades
9 a n argument 10 supporting evidence
5/6
Students' own answers
2
1 specialize in 2 associate with 3 benefit
from 4 result in/ from 5 stem from
6 elaborate o n 7 coincide with S insist
o n 9 concern with 10 a rgue with
11 arise from 12 comply with 13 suffer
from 14 depend on 15 distinguish from
3
1 result 2 succeed 3 is associated
4 benefit 5 differs 6 be distinguished
7 arise/stem S comply/ struggle
9 insisted 10 depend
4
Studen ts' own answe rs
5
Model answer
7 Many social and rela ted problems
seem from illi teracy and innumeracy.
For example, if yo un g people a re
unable to read or write properly or d o
basic mathematics, they may find it
difficult to find a job. T h ey may n ot
even get past the firs t hurdle in a job
app lication, which involves form-filling
or writing a CV.
6
Model answers
1 I think it differs enormously from the
past, because ...
2 First of all, I t hink t h ey will benefit
from even m ore advanced systems
where they can locate information
ins tantly, just like the way we switch on
a light.
3 I partially agree. Universities are
o ften associa ted with learning factual
knowledge, a nd work a nd the real wo rld
require the use of skills a nd experience,
but the situatio n is ch an ging ...
4 Mmm, they have I t h ink resulted in
students accessing knowled ge much
faster than the gen eratio n before and
in making it easier to 'ca rry' knowledge
around wit h th em.
5 Yes, th ey are s uffering from h avin g so
much kn o wled ge to learn th a t t here
isn 't rime to focus o n o n e pa rticu la r
area. It 's a superficial age.
7
Students' own answers
Model answers
1 a new car: an idea for a new car is
conceived; the idea is developed ; the car
is d esig ned; a prototype is m ade; th e
prototype is tested
2 a mobile phone app: see answers for
Exercise 3
3 a docum entary: a topic/ area is chosen,
the people involved are selected, the
camera crew are prepared, the story
board is written, th e locacio n(s) is/
are selected, the fi lming is done,
the editing is carried out and t h e
documentary is sh own
2
1 conception 2 submissio n 3 approval
4 d esign 5 prod u ction 6 testing
7 refining S u ploading
3
The idea of the app is conceived.
The proposal is submitted.
The proposal is a pproved .
The prototype is design ed .
T h e prototype is produced.
T h e prototype is rested.
The prototype is refin ed.
The app is uploaded.
4
5
Model answer
1 the idea is conceived/ the concept is
discussed/ discussion of a concept/ the
concept is app roved/the a pp is created /
it is checked , proofread, reviewed/
the p rototype is tested/ t h e d esign is
finalized/ the app is uploaded o nto the
web/ it is downloaded/ it is u sed
6
Students' own a n swers
7
l f 2e 3 i 4 c S b 6d 7g Sa 9 h
8
Model answer
T h e illustra tio n o utlines the steps in th e
production of newspapers. It is clear that
this process involves two main phases, one
IELTS Reading
1
Model answer
The modern information age has made
studying considerably easier in one
way by providin g lots of information
electronically. On the down side, there is
now so much available it is difficult to
choose what to read.
Slow reading has h elped m e to look at
information carefu lly in my studies,
as sometimes I tend to look a t things
t oo quickly and cannot take in all the
information.
Nowadays it's important to be able to read
fast when stud ying, working and even for
leisure as there is so much info rm a tion
aro und u s. But sometimes it b eco m es
overwh elming.
It's easy to get lost on the internet as o n e
surfs from o ne page to another. I often
forget what I scarred off looking for and
was te a lot o f time.
2
Students' own an swers
10
2 G 3 B 4 J S J GA 7 C SB 90
10 C 11 bewilderment 12 valid opinio ns
13 crea tive process
2
a) ch ange/ transformation : translate,
transform, d evelop
Answer key
b) a cause/effect relationship: affect,
develop, interfere with, create
c) a connection without any relationship
indicated: link, connect, associate,
correlate, liaise, involve, correspond,
belong to, conflict with, match,
combine
3
link, translation, connection, association,
transformation, effect, development,
correlation, liaison, involvement,
correspondence, belonging, conflict,
match, combination, interference,
creation
4
1 c, d , e 2 c, d, e, f 3 a, b 4 b
5 b, c, d, f 6 e
5/6
Students' own answers
IELTS Writing Task 2
1
Similarities: same subject, similar
3
B
4
Introduction: Recent years have seen
increasing volumes of knowledge coming
into the public domain. While such
a flood of information has an impact
on people's lives in various ways , both
positive and negative, the trend, I feel, is
harmful.
Conclusion: In conclusion, despite the
obvious positive effects of the availability
of large amounts of information
nowadays, the impact of increasing
volumes of knowledge is harmful to
everyone.
5
Model answers
1 Having access to information on the
internet outside library hours makes
life convenient for students.
2 The availability of knowledge in
electronic form nowadays results in a
less stressful life for students.
7
Model answer
Recent years have seen increasing volumes
of knowledge being made available
in the public domain. Such a flood of
information has had a huge impact
on people's lives, both positively and
negatively, but, on balance, I think the
trend is harmful.
Answer key
writing of the leaflet ; the d esign of the
leaflet; the inclusion of statistics; the
adding cf illusrratio ns
3
Model answer
the dumping of the computer, the
transportation of the computer, the
removal of reusable compon ents, the
crushing of the plastic, the recycling of the
plasti c, the reusing/ reuse of components
such as m etal, th e ren ovation , repa ir,
resale, do nation , reuse of the computer
4
Sample verbs for writing a n ewspaper
article: select, research, check, write,
include, add, edit, publish
Sample stages: the selection of the news
item subject, research for the news item/
subject, the checking of derails, the writing
of the article, the inclusion o f quotes a nd
illuscracions/images, the addition of any
relevant information, the editing of the
article, t he publication of the article
5
Student 's own answers
la 2c 3a 4b Sa 6b 7b
2/3
Model answers
1 Reliable information is associated
with/ means better ch oice.
2 Footballers are associated with h uge
sala ries.
3 Happiness can result in good health.
4 Money transforms people's lives.
5 Water shortages stem from human
acnv1nes.
6 T h e way we read has been transformed
by tech nology.
7 Rote learning is linked to good
m emory.
2
Students' own answers
C an d E potentially yes - harming t h e
environ m ent, also A - u se of electricity/
energy
3
1 entertainment venue 2 leisure
4
b6 cl d3 eS f4 g2 hS
5
Students' own answers
3/4
6
Model answers
1 Leisure pursuits such as surfing the
internet and going on to networking
sites are really relaxing. All ages can
spend hours on the internee each day.
2 The cinema especially n ow with all the
specials effects includ ing 30 brings
enjoyment to a lot of people.
3 Leisure activities su ch as going to the
gym increase people's general wellbeing by making them healthy and
boosting their immune system .
7
Student's own answers
2
1 who live nearby and headed off on a
cycling trip along th e canal wh ich runs
for miles through the city into the
countryside.
2 we, ... mmm ... stopped for a while and
watched the canal boats go by.
3 much more peaceful than the city ...
mmm ... as we watched people passing
by slowly on their boats and caking
their time do ing things.
4 I really enjoyed the day out
5 it was so relaxing to be outdoors rather
than being stuck in a shop in the
middle of the city.
6 loads of wild animals and birds and
watched birds catching insects o n the
water. The people on the boats were
friendlier than the people in the city
and waved to us.
5
Refer to the online G rammar Reference
for furth er inform ation about
compara tive and superlative adjectives.
6
Model answers
1 Cities are less friendly than t he
countryside.
2 C hess is more interesting than video
games.
3 Days out are much more exciting than
long breaks.
4 Leisure pursuits such as team sports
a re the most thrilling activity of all.
5 O u tdoor sports such as football and
rugby are much more rewarding to
play than those in leis ure centres.
6 The most entertaining film ever is.
7 Reading books is not the m ost boring
leisure activity.
8 Computer skills are one of the most
crucial skills to possess nowadays.
9 Video games are more harmful to
young people than fi !ms.
10 Active leisure pursuits are more
beneficial for physical well-being tha n
passive activities.
7
Students' own a nswers
IELTS Speaking Part 3
1
3 six h esitations
Model answers
4
Students' own answers
Leisure time
Do you think it's good to have days off
during the week? Why/why n ot?
example: a half o r whole day off in t he
middle of the week
reason: important fo r m ental and physical
h ealth not to work all the time
purpose: to h elp t h em recharge their
batteries
In terms of relaxation, is it better to h ave
long or short breaks from work?
example: sh ort breaks e.g. for a weekend
up to 4 days
reason: can have more breaks/ less di fficult
coming back to work
purpose: to make it easier to come back co
work/ for more variety
What are th e ben efits of going away for
long breaks?
2
1 easier/ the easiest 2 hotter/the hottest
3 more/ less effective, t he most/ least
effective 4 more/ less expensive, the most/
least expensive 5 poorer/the poorest
6 quieter/the quietest 7 worse/ the worst
Model answers
1 According to the UN, the global
population is expected to rise to
between 7.8 and 10.5 billion people in
2050.
2 Egypt's population and the
populations of Ethiopia, Sudan and
the remaining countries of the Nile
basin are projected to double by 2050.
3 The UK population will rise to around
73 million in 2050, according to the
Office for National Statistics.
4 As urban areas, particularly smaller
towns and cities, continue to grow in
size, about 5 billion people are expected
to live in cities by 2030.
4
1 6,051 , residential 2 2030, industrial
and commercial, 3,021 3 industrial
and commercial, residential 4 2025 ,
residential, industrial and commercial
5 residential 6 974
5
1 5
2 3
3 expected, estimated; others: predicted/
anticipated/ envisaged/ set to
4 simple present (is expected to) , simple
future (will be required) , future
perfect (will have risen, sentence 4 - to
emphasize that the fact that the rise
will have happened by that time)
5 (3) future industrial and commercial
and residential construction on land
char is already in use between 2011 and
2030.
6 1, 2, 5
7 2
6
Model answer
The data illustrates how much
undeveloped land in hectares will be
needed for a range of uses in England up
to 2030.
As regards industrial and commercial
purposes, it is estimated that there will
be a dramatic rise in demand between
2011 and 2015 from 330 to 702 hectares,
followed by a decline to 549 hectares
in 2030. By contrast, the demand
for undeveloped land for residential
purposes, although considerably greater
than that for industrial and commercial,
is expected to decline, falling to 2,030
hectares in 2030, afrer a peak of2,373 in
2015.
5
Students' own answers
IELTS Writing Task 2
1
Model answers
1 to compete against others/to win/
to engage with other people/ to learn
strategies
2 to relax and to obtain information
3 to relax/ to enjoy oneself
4 to learn cooperative and team skills/ to
meet people
5 to enjoy oneself/ to relax
6 to build up stamina/ to relax/ to see the
sights and views
7 to relax/ to build up knowledge
8 to meet other people
9 to relax
Model answer
Model answers
1 to encourage people to use the facilities
2 to reduce health costs by keeping
people fit mentally and physically/
to improve people's lives/to entertain
people/to improve well-being
3 very beneficial - see the purposes/
reasons in 2; it can keep elderly/young
people fit/promote an awareness of
the environment/promote responsible
behaviour, etc
4 by taking money away from other vital
areas such as health to pay for theatres/
concerts/leisure facilities
5 education/teaching at school when
young/TV advertising/promotions/free
vouchers
6 only rich can afford/increase in obesity,
etc
7 No - good value for money and costeffective
8 agree with a few reservations - people
do not always appreciate things which
they do not see the full value of in
monetary terms
5
Model answer
Some people believe that supporting
activities such as entertainment and
leisure pursuits using public money
is wasteful. However, while I accept
that financial help can lead to a lack of
appreciation of the facilities provided,
there are clearly many benefits to be
gained from financial subsidies.
Topic sentences:
1 There is no denying that some people
think that entertainment and leisure
p ursuits should not be subsidized.
2 However, financial subsidies of art
exhibitions and public leisure complexes
t hrough sponsorship or grants can help
encourage people to use the facilities.
3 Subsidies also provide access for people
such as students to entertainment and
leisure.
2
However, financial subsidies of art
exhibitions and public leisure complexes
through sponsorship or grants can help
encourage people to use the facilities.
Such support has added benefits such as
reducing health costs by keeping people
fit mentally and physically and improving
people's lives generally. For example, if
people are happier they are less likely to
be stressed and a drain on public health
resources. Moreover, ...
8
Students' own answers
Review
Vocabulary: Leisure and entertainment
1/2
Students' own answers
Model answer
There is little doubt that modern
technology such as the latest televisions
and other modern gadgets are affecting
people, mainly the younger generation,
but, at the same time, the benefits cannot
be ignored.
Model answer
1 Do you think leisure activities have a
positive effect on people's health? If so,
how?
In terms of health, do you think leisure
activities have a positive effect?
How do leisure activities affect people's
health?
2
Students' own answers
Model answers
The 15-29 age group is projected to
increase in number from 12.471 million
to 13.543 million.
There is expected to be an increase in the
number of those in the 30- 44 age group
from 12.725 million to 13.644 million
over the period.
It is forecast that numbers in the 45-59
age group will rise less than the younger
age groups, from 12.126 million to 12.986
million.
The 60-74 age group is set to grow in
number from 9.163 million to 11.981
million.
It is estimated that the number of those
75 and over will almost double over the
period from approximately 4.9 million to
8.9 million.
Overall, it is forecast that there will be a
substantial increase in the population of
the UK.
2
Students' own answers
Answer key
B a motorcycle m edic can get to a n
accident more quickly than an
ambulance in th e city
C h ealthy eating - the benefit of fruit a nd
vegetables
D p hysical activity - t he benefit of
st a rting at a n early age
2
Students' own answers
3
service: n oun/ verb care: noun/verb
financed: pas t pa rticiple ea t ing: n o un
(gerund) way: n oun education: n o un
lifestyle: noun econ o mic: adjective
exp enditu re: n o u n public: adjective
1 eating, way 2 educa tion 3 lifes tyle
4 care 5 service 6 econ o mic 7 fi nanced
8 expenditure 9 Pu blic
4/5
Stu dents' own a n swers
2
Model answers
All a re good for m ental an d p hys ical
fi tness.
1 good for fitness, get s individuals o u t o f
the house, m eeting peo ple, helps figh t
obesity, etc.
2 good fo r all-round fitn ess, relaxing
3 good fo r gen eral fitness, m eeting
people
4 meeting people, gets o n e out of t h e
ho use, may involve walking o r do ing
gen eral phys ical exercise
5 general fitness, losing weight, meeting
people
6 physical exercise a t h om e, d on't n eed a
gym
7 meeting people, gen eral fi tness
8 very good exercise, weight loss
3/4
Students' o wn a n swers
IELTS Listening Section 1
1
2
3
4
2
Model answers
4 What words go with the word raise?
4
Model answers
1 It's extrem ely likely th a t robots will
look a fter child ren a n d old people in
100 years' tim e.
2 It's impossible fo r machines to
replace docto rs and nurses in the n ear
future.
5/ 6
Model answer
Diet and exercise
D o yo u think peo p le worry coo much
abo u t diet a nd exercise nowadays? Why/
W hy not?
Yes, becau se p eople are bombard ed by
p rogrammes and h ealt h warnings every
day.
l A 2C 3 B
2
Positive: 2, 3, 5, 8
N egative: 1, 4, 6, 7
3
Model answers
O essentialjvalid/ cru cialjachievable
1 extremely
2 basic hum a n rig h t, not jus t for th e rich
3 j ust like foo d a n d water
4 to make th e population healthy a n d
productive
5 no
6 it is essential wha tever the cost
4
Students' own answers
5
Model answers
3 so 4 like/s uch as/ for instan ce/ take
(for example) 5 as a con sequen ce/ so
6 alt ho u gh/tho u gh 7 n evertheless
6/7
Students' own a n swers
8
Model answer
T h ere is n o d o ub t that both advertising
a nd fami ly a nd friends have an en ormous
impact on young people's eating h a bits,
but I th ink tha t the former has a m uch
m ore powerful effect t han the la tter.
Answer key
harmful, depending on the diet that the
family has. For example, if junk food like
hamburgers instead of healthy food such
as vegetables and fruit is commonly eaten
within the family, the chances of any
young person doing anything different are
small. Inside and outside school, in order
to fit in, young people are likely to follow
the eating patterns of their friends.
Advertising for unhealthy food such
as junk food is difficult for everyone,
especially young people, to avoid. For
example, adverts for junk food, which are
found on TV programmes, in cinemas,
and on street billboards, are often
designed to attract young people. The
adverts are often very alluring, making the
junk food highly desirable. As such, the
adverts are very effective. Take cinemas,
for example. The food that is offered for
sale is often made up of sugary drinks,
sweets, hamburgers and popcorn. It is
difficult to resist the temptation of these,
especially when they are advertised on
screen as well before a film starts.
The convenience and the cheapness of the
food such as fizzy drinks and junk food
are also highlighted by advertisements, as
is its trendiness. For example, the actors
are young and attractive. So they appeal
to a young audience, which is crucial for
advertisers, but dangerous for young people.
So as we can see, despite the influence
of family and friends o n young people's
diets, advertisements exert much greater
influence.
9
Students' own answers
IELTS Reading
1
4
Model answer
c The highest consumption of fruit
among gi rls was in those aged 11
in 2005-06 and in the same year
among boys of the same age group,
approximately 45 per cent and 38 per
cent respectively.
5
The chart provides information about the
proportion of children by age group and
gender who consume fruit in two specific
periods.
6/7
Model answer
The chart provides information about the
number of doctors per capita in vari ous
countries in the European Union and
the European average, together with the
proportional increase in the ratio between
2000 and 2008.
Review
Model answers
1 In order to promote a healthy lifestyle
among people of all ages, health
education should be started at school.
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
Student's own answers
3
Model answers
1 It is possible that healthcare will
become more expensive.
2 It's unlikely that transport will become
cheaper.
3 Education should become much more
technologically driven.
4
Students' own answers
Model answers
Focus on prevention: effective, less
expensive, saves money
Focus on cure: costly, not worthwhile, not
all diseases can be prevented, quicker
Answer key
4
Model answer
Paragraph supporting prevention.
Prevention of diseases is clearly better
than focusing resources on cures. For
example, if people are encouraged to
take responsibility for their own health,
through health education in schools
and TV adverts, then many illnesses
such as diabetes, heart disease and joint
problems will be prevented. This will save
considerable sums of money in health
budgets as doctors will not have to resort
to expensive medicines and operations.
1/2
Model answers
1 What's your name?
2 Do you have any hobbies/ interests?
What are they?
3 Have there been changes to places in
your home town recently? Like what?
4 Have there been any positive or
negative developments in the town?
5 Is there any space for future
development( s)?
6 Is there any room for facilities for
young people in your home town?
7 What kind of systems/ infrastructure
are needed most?
8 Are the surroundings in your home
town/ neighbourhood in recent years
pleasant? In what way?
3
Model answers
Space scientists spend most of their time
out of the public eye, but they have a huge
impact on people's lives as the technology
they develop finds its way into fields such
as medicine and satellite technology.
Computer software designers impact
on our lives enormously, providing for
example games for entertainment and the
technology we use on our computers.
Research scientists help improve our lives
through new developments in all fields
such as food production and preservation,
transport and medicine, especially in
finding new medicines and cures for
disease.
People often think of engineers in the
traditional sense of building bridges,
but engineers now work in all fields,
from building bridges to technology
for sportswear such as sports shoes and
computing.
Model answers
A Satellites help humans connect with
each other.
B example of control and shaping
of the physical working and living
environment
C shaping of the environment to control
food production
D preparing a space shuttle to explore the
world beyond us
2
1 place 2 a gap 3 gap 4 setting
5 spaces 6 systems 7 organization
8 organizations
Model answer
5 No, as they are crowded and not always
pleasant. Take a city like London. There
are too many people and the transport
system will soon not be able to cope
with everyone.
4
roomy, spacious, distant, environmental,
spaced, located, local, orderly, organized,
organizational, systematic, chaotic,
disorderly
5
1 too much on systems 2 GPS navigation
systems 3 social chaos 4 chaotic
5 phone networks 6 huge problems
7 remote areas
6
Model answers
a telephone system
the transport system
my home town
The coast where I was brought up in ...
Leptis Magna in Libya
Model answers
1 sports (e.g. football) , work,
volunteering
5/6
Students' own answers
a
b
c
d
e
2
1 A 2 B 3 C 4 B 5 C 6 A 7 catering
8 Mary's 9 17,h (of) 10 invitations
2
a 6 b 1 c 4 d 3 e 5 f2
3
Model answers
1 Provided international scientists
pool their resources, more and more
breakthroughs will occur.
2 Unless primary schoolchildren are
taught basic scientific processes
through projects such as learning
about space travel, they wi ll be at a
disadvantage later on in life.
3 If there were fewer rules and regulations,
more young people would set up their
own businesses.
4 Even if we managed to explore the
moon and other planets in the near
future, it wou ld not be possible to
exploit them easily.
5 If international governments
cooperated on standardizing electronic
products, many scientific goods such as
computer hardware would be cheaper.
4
Model answers
Working in teams
1 to give some criteria, factors,
characteris tics 2 to give some criteria,
factors , characteristics 3 compare several
items or ideas 4 evaluate something
5 evaluate something 6 evaluate something
5
3
6/7
Students' own answers
Answer key
3
Transitive:
was turned into, made way for, was built,
linking, surrounded, was given over to
Intransitive:
increased, disappearing, vanished,
remained , changed
Both: increased, changed (elsewhere)
4
Model answers
1 The maps show the transformation of
the area around Welton between 1995
and 2012.
2 The school was replaced with a space
museu1n.
3 The forest shrank considerably as
trees were chopped down to make way
for a science academy and the sports
complex.
4 Welton space centre expanded, with
additional admin offices.
5
Model answer
1 park replaced with science park and
museum 2 school replaced with hotel
and spa 3 shops built 4 most of wood
gone 5 hospital replaced with hi-tech
cen ere 6 size of town increased
7 farmhouse and farmland made way for
science academy and science laboratories
6
Model answer
The maps illustrate the developments that
occurred around Tumbledown be tween
1995 and 2010.
Generally speaking, it is clear that the area
saw significant changes over the period
with old buildings being transformed and
new ones being constructed. For example,
the park in the northwest became a
science park and museum with the school
to the east of the park being turned into
a hotel and spa. Near the hotel, along the
north bank of the river, running from the
west to the northeast, shops were built.
South of the river some noticeable
changes took place. The town itself
expanded in size and the hospital east of
the town disappeared. Another addition
to the area east of the town was the
construction of a hi-tech centre, for which
a large pare of the wood was chopped
down. The farmland south of the town
was replaced with science laboratories
with the farmhouse being converted into
a science academy.
As a result of these changes, the area is
less green and less open.
7
Students' own answers
IELTS Reading
1/2
Students' own answers
3
debris
fragments
dangerous
rubbish/waste
bits/ pieces
risky/hazardous
4
1 growing crowd 2 breathtaking speeds
3 objects 4 satellite/spacecraft 5 more
fragments 6 problem 7 orbital plane
8 grab, stabilize 9 gripping mechanism
10 coupled 11 False 12 Not Given
13 True 14 True
Language focus 2: Cause and effect
verbs and nouns
1
Cause:
Effect:
Cause:
Effect:
2
link and show
3
Rewrite
Considerable cost savings have resulted
from the sharing of technology
between the different companies.
4/5
Students' own answers
IELTS Writing Task 2
1/2/3
Students' own answers
4
1 a result (If) 2 a concession (Although)
3 a purpose (in order co) 4 a result (so
that) 5 a reason (because) 6 a result
(resulting in) 7 a condition (Provided)
8 a condition (Unless)
5
View 1:
View 2:
2,4,5
1,3,6, 7,8
6
Model answers
2 Although space research such as
going by spacecraft to other planets
is valuable, many problems such
as famine and disease need to be
addressed here on earth. This is
because human life is too precious to
waste.
3 Surely the human race needs to explore
space such as the moon and the planets
in our solar system in order to learn
more about our world and our past.
7
Model answers
View 1: aliens/destructive, want our
resources
View 2: new technologies, help with
diseases
Own opinion:
many reservations because of the
dangers, but curious to find if
anyone is out there
Answer key
8
Model answer
In recent decades, the human race
has been launching satellites into
space for various purposes, including
communication and exploration.
Model answers
1 a system that you use every day:
telephone.
2 a place in the solar system that you
would like to visit, if you could: the
moon.
3 a technology network chat you use
more now than in the past: the
internet.
2/3
Students' own answers
Model answers
2 Provided I work hard, I'll be able to go
to university.
3 If! don't manage to manage to pass my
exams, I'll look for a job.
4 Even if it takes me several attempts, I'll
pass the IELTS.
5 If! hadn't studied English when I was
younger, I wouldn't be here now.
6 IfI were to have the chance again, I'd
study science as well as languages, if I
co ul d.
7 Unless something happens, I'll be
going to the countryside at the
weekend.
8 Provided I find a job I'll be ab le to
travel around Europe later.
2
Students' own answers
Model answers
1 consumer spending/ government
spending 2 consumer behaviour/
consumer spending 3 basic necessities
4 Consumer demand/ Consumer
confidence/ Consumer spending/
Government spending/ Government
expenditure 5 consumer goods
6 Spending habits/ Basic necessities
7 Consumer confidence/ Consumer
spending 8 consumer boycott
3
Model answers
1 Consumer spending is the money chat
consumers spend when they shop,
government spending is the money
raised by taxes or borrowing chat the
government spends.
2 Consumer behaviour is the way that
consumers or shoppers behave when
they buy things such as clothes items
or new technology.
3 Basic necessities are items such as food
and water.
4 Consumer demand is what consumers
want to buy. Consumer confidence is
to do with how well consumers feel,
which is then related to how much they
spend. If they are confident, they spend
more. Government expenditure is the
same as government spending in 1.
5 Consumer goods are items which
consumers buy, such as TVs, cloches,
etc.
6 Spending habits are the habits people
have when they spend, whether they
buy the same items or new items and
where they shop.
7 Consumer confidence/ Consumer
spending as in 4 and 1.
8 A consumer boycott is to do with
avoiding the purchase of certain items
for particular reasons, such as political
reasons.
4
Model answer
1 Window shopping is an enjoyable
pastime for many people. Sometimes,
shoppers or consumers do it before they
buy something, They just look to see
what is available. It is in fact a good way
of getting exercise, if you can bear the
crowds of people in the streets. Window
shopping may not suit everyone's
personality, as some people prefer to
go into the shop and look at items that
they want to buy immediately. They
may consider the seeming aimlessness
of window shopping a complete waste
of time. Perhaps the main advantage of
window shopping is that it is cheap if
Answer key
you don't get seduced into the shop.
5
Model answer
I pollute, avoid, products, services,
hab its, careful, carbon footprint
Model answers
1 For entertainment, I'd like co receive
tickets for a live TV show, because I
have always wanted to be part of a TV
audience.
2 I'd like to walk through a very pleasant
Model answers
1 Are shops or markets more popular in
your country?
2 Are shopping malls more popular than
small shops in your country?
3 Do people prefer to use cards o r cash
nowadays?
4 Do you buy books and music online?
5 Do you prefer ro buy things in sh ops or
online? Why?
6 Do you spend a lot of m o ney on m edia
such as books, films or music, or on
electronic equipment?
7 Do you think the cost of certain
electronic item s will come down in
future?
2
Students' own answers
3
what the website is
what the website provides
how often you visit it
and explain why you
like visiting the website
D
C
A
B
4/5
Students' own answers
IELTS Writing Task 1
1
Model answers
A This chart sh ows the percentage
of people o rdering goods over the
internee. The extract only gives four
countries. It's clear that the UK exceeds
the other countries, at around 70 per
cent, although there is little difference
seen between the four countries.
B The cable shows four types of activities
chat people of different age groups in
England do in their spare time in 2007/ 08.
Apart from the third item , listening to
music, where the younger age group listen
more, the proportions of people doing the
activities are very similar.
C The table is about the participatio n
in percentage terms of different age
groups in different types of voluntary
activities (formal and informal) in
England in 2009. The rates vary
considerably.
D The pie chart extract shows the amount
lB 2C 3B 4B SD 6A
3
Model answers
2 More 16-25-year-olds (40 per cent)
participated in informal voluntary
activities than formal activities (25 per
cent).
3 A greater p roportion of 16-24-year-o lds
(83 per cent) than those aged 25-34 (74
per cent) listened co music.
4 Sixty-nine percent of 16-24-year-olds
and 67 per cent of 25-34-year-olds
considered shopping less interesting
than the ot her activities.
5 Don ations co overseas charities
exceeded other cau ses with 12 per cent
compared to 11 per cent for chari ties
dealing with children and young
people, 5 per cent for animal charities,
and 4 per cent for educational charities
respectively.
6 The worldwid e web is used fo r ordering
and purchasing goods m ore in the
United Kingdom compared co the
other three countries.
4
Model answers
A The proportion of people ordering
or buying item s onlin e is remarkably
similar (at around 63 per cent) with
the United Kingdom being marginally
higher at about 65 per cent.
Paraphrase: Fewer goods were acquired
online by people in D enmark, Sweden
and the Netherlands compared co the
United Kingdom (approximately 63
per cent on average and 65 per cent
respectively).
B The proportions of people in b oth age
groups spending time with friends and
family were very similar (83 per cent for
the younger group and 84 p er cent for
the older).
Paraphrase: A slightly larger proportion
of people (84 per eerie) in the 25-34 age
grou p th an the younger (83 per cent)
spent time with their family and friends.
3 Forty percent of chose aged 16-25
were engaged in informal voluntary
activities compared to 25 per cent for
formal activities.
Paraphrase: Informal voluntary
activities seem ed co be more popular
than formal activities in the 16- 25
age group, 40 per cent and 25 per cent
respectively.
4 Education attracted less support than
Answer key
the other three causes.
Paraphrase: The support for education
was lower than the other three causes.
5
Students' own answers
6/7
Model answer
The data provides a breakdown of the
expenditure by consumers in the United
Kingdom according to different ways of
paying between 2005 and 2008.
I
2
3
4
IELTS Reading
1
1/2
Students' own answers
3
this equipment = the latest computer
gadgets like a games console
them = parents
it = the latest computer gadgets like a
games console
This = children may try to persuade them
to buy it
They = adverts
they = during children's programmes
this problem = the face chat the adverts
are shown at the prime time for a young
audience
This = ban the programmes entirely
chis situation = TV advertisements
targeted at children are not acceptable
in the first line (and then the supporting
evidence in the rest of the paragraph)
4
Model answer
Celebrities such as sports stars and TV
personalities are used to advertise all
kinds of consumer products to people
of all ages. T he need for a ban on such
advertising directed at young people in
their teens is an idea that I agree with to
a certain extent, but I have reservations
Review
Vocabulary: Words related to consumer
1
Model answer
1 It helps to boost the economy. As
people spend, businesses increase
their profits and the government can
raise taxes/revenue/ money from the
spending and businesses.
2/3
Students' own answers
1/ 2/3
Model answers
1
3
TV adverts sh ould be carefully ch ecked by
parents to protect children from exposure
to consumer advertising. The purpose of
this kind of advertising is to sell products
such as toys and sweets to a largely
unsoph isticated audience. As it is the
d uty o f parents to protect t h eir children,
they need to monitor all adverts during
t he TV programmes t heir children watch.
For example, they can switch off adverts
when they come on during programmes.
T hey can also restrict the amount of T V
programmes their children watch.
Model answers
1 In the present age of instant
4
5
6/7/8
Students' own answers
Model answers
1 culture in an organization and culture
vis-a-vis th e arts
2 dynamic: techno logy, travel,
communication, advertising, media,
cultural exchanges
Model answers
1 What kinds of cultural activities/
2/3/4/
Students' own answers
5
Model answer
I'd like to describe a large country hou se
with extensive gardens in the southwest
of England that I went to see with a
friend last month. The house is situated
by the sea and the gardens stretch down
gently to the seashore. We wen t th ere
by car, as it is q uite difficult to reach by
public transport. It was a g reat experience
becau se we were able to visit the house,
which was full of art deco furnitu re and
artwo rk. The inte rior d esign of the house
was really am azing with views looking
out over the gard ens to the sea. After
visiting the h o use we wande red round
the garden s, which were m ore spectacular
than the h ou se itself and very large.
We really enjoyed wandering round the
different typ es of garden s and taking
pictures of t he landscapes and the trees.
We didn' t walk right down to the sea
and see very much of the gardens as that
would have taken us a couple of h ours
more. But what we did see we really liked.
It was good exercise climbing back up
through the gard en s again to the shop
where we bought postcards and gifts. It
is certainly a place to visit for som eon e
who wants to h ave some exercise and a
pleasant experience in the fresh air.
1/2
Students' own an swers
3
1 all its forms 2 educa tio n al programmes
3 rando m enco unters 4 3D pave m ent
5 realistic persp ective 6 tempora ry 7 B
SC 9A lOC
a, b: no; c: yes
2 a, b: yes; c: no
3 a, b: yes; c: no
a O n e n on-ma inst ream way of d rawing
people's and especially children's
attention to art, which is really
intriguing, is random en counters with
art in the street, so-called street art.
b Cities have always been fu ll of street
performers such as jugglers and .
singers, who add colour to o therwise
drab environ m ents, sometimes as part
of festivals such as the Edinburgh
Festival in Scotland.
C We've loo ked at ways that art can be
used for t he rapeutic purposes wit h
patients.
2
lh 2d 3a 4b Sc 6e 7f 8g
3
Students' own answers
3
There is a 'va:St significant difference in
the reading patterns for boys and girls.
IELTS Reading
7
Students' own answers
Model answers
There was a noticeable difference between
the proportion of girls compared to boys
who read biogs or networking websites with
approximately SO per cent for the former
and just over 40 per cent for the latter.
Fiction books were more popular among
girls than boys, approximately SO per cent
and 40 per cent respectively.
2
1 See paragraph
2 See paragraph
sentences
3 See paragraph
4 See paragrc:p h
3
1 No 2 Not Given 3 Yes 4 No S No
6 E 7 H 8 D 9 B 10 G 11 I 12 D
13 A
Model answer
The chart compares the extra-curricular
reading habits of boys and girls in
England in the year 2007.
Overall, it is clear that there is a difference
in the attraction of reading materials with
the exception of websites.
6
Model answer
The chart provides information about
a range of programmes on television
watched by both genders in England in
2007 /8.
Slightly more men watched the news and
films, the most popular programmes
for both genders, than women, 73 per
cent against 71 per cent and 68 per cent
against 64 per cent respectively. Likewise,
the viewing tastes for men and women
as regards wildlife programmes were very
1
1T2T3F4T
1
la 2c 3b
2/3
Students' own answers
Model answers
1 media/technology 2 technology/video
games 3 running costs - fewer people
attending 4 internet/ business culture
5 internet/free newspapers
6 low cost of travel/people more mobile
7 technology/ loss of interest in manual
jobs 8 technology
2/3/4
Students' own answers
5
There are many cause (causes) of this
6
Paragraph 1
1 a topic sentence: There are many
causes of this situation, but p erhaps
the main one is the migration of people
away from rural areas to the cities,
which tends to occur mainly among
young people.
2 an evaluation of the situation: This
process of urbanization is very
damaging to local communities,
3 an explanation of the evaluation: as it
means chat only the older generations
are left behind. With such movement
of people, there is a good chance that
many of those who move away will lose
contact with their home towns and
traditional practices.
4 a relative clause: which tends to occur
mainly among young people/those
who move away/ which may further
erode the old customs and traditions
5 a second cause: They may also learn '
new languages and new customs, which
may further erode the old customs and
traditions.
6 a conclusion: may then make them feel
their 'former culture' is old-fashioned
and of less value than the new culture
they are experiencing.
7
Model answer
All areas of people's lives all over t he world
are undergoing rapid change and none
more so than traditional ways oflife such
as festivals and celebratio~s which are
vanishing rapidly. This trend is the result
of many factors and while the situation is
serious, much can be done to address the
situation.
8
Model answer
Most older people have seen life change
dramatically compared to the younger
generation, with some things emerging
Answer key
and others such as traditional skills and
crafts declining. A number of causes have
contributed to this latter situation, but it
can be addressed by various steps.
T he main cause, perhaps, is the rapid pace
of development in modern life brought
about by globalization. The world is now
more connected than before, so new ideas
and ways of doing things are spreading
arou nd the world rapidly. For example,
while in the past basic materials like
furniture and other household utensils
were made by hand and the skills passed
down from generation to generation,
now these items like many others are
mass-produced by machines in one or two
locations and shipped around the world.
Anot her factor is that young people
are required to learn new skills mainly
revo lving around technology and so older
traditional skills lose their value. Hence,
yo ung people have no interes t, as there is
less need to learn these skills.
To help maintain the interest in
traditional crafts and skills, the answer
lies in focusing on the problem at school
level. Like languages, if the skills a re not
used, they will d ecline and disappear. So,
if children are taught crafts like making
traditional items such as carpets and
furniture by hand, there is a chance
interest in th ese will survive.
Great value is often attached to items
such as clothing, carpets and furn iture
that are hand-made. Therefore, with
careful marketing and advertising coupled
with apprenticeships a nd targeted
funding, attention can be drawn to
traditional skills and crafts and in many
cases revived.
In conclusion, with care and attention
there is no reason why traditional crafts
an d skills within all cultures should not
survive, and indeed thrive.
9
Students' own answers
Review
Vocabulary: Collocations with culture
1
Model answers
1 meetings with clients, wearing special
clothes like suits, going to conferences,
atte nding parties, travelling nationally
and internationally
2 shopping in person, shopping online,
ad vertising, wasting resources such as
packaging
3 ream working, working with colleagues,
making friends with colleagues,
worki ng practices
2
Model answers
1 modern dance, popular music, video
games, soap operas on TV, light
entertainment
2 festivals related to the seasons,
e.g. spring and harvest, wedding
ceremonies
3 music such as hip-hop, modern jazz,
music videos, video games
4 street dancing, street art, street
sculpture, performing music
5 technology in all aspects oflife such
as tablets and smart phones, street
culture as in 4
3
Student's own answers.
IELTS Writing Task 1 (Using defining
and non-defining clauses)
1
1 Concerts that/which are very expensive
don't attract students or poor people.
2 Culture, which is very important for
all of u s, is often undervalued by the
government.
3 Films that/which show a lot of violence
should be banned.
4 Entry to museums, which are centres of
education, should be free.
5 People who/that read a lot of books
and newspapers are often well
informed.
6 The arts, which reach a lot of people,
need to be subsidized.
2
The least common type of reading
material among boys was poetry
(approximately 10 per cent),
which contrasted with manuals or
instructions at around 12 per cent.
(Non-defining: additional information
added to the sentence)
2 While the proportion of girls who read
emails exceeded boys (about 60 per
cent against 45 per cent), the reverse
was the case regarding newspapers,
with boys at just under 45 per cent and
girls about 28 per cent. (Defining: to
identify which proportion)
3
Model answers
1 Only a small proportion of people
thought culture was too elite, posh or
boring, which was quoted by about 2
per cent of people.
Model answers
the rise of technology, better
home entertainment, video games,
entertainment on the internet, social
networking, online games
2
Students' own answers
3/4
Model answer
Perhaps the main factor contributing
to a fall in people going to the cinema
is the rise of personal entertainment
systems. Nowadays, for example, people
can watch high-quality films on laptops,
tablets and mobile phones for less cost
than going to the cinema. The latter can
still have the 'wow' factor with 3D and
large screens, but 3D televisions are now
becoming more common and cheaper,
thus increasing the appeal of home
entertainment. Being able to watch a film
on personal devices at any time is very
convenient. So it is not surprising that
cinema attendance is being affected.
Additional material
Unit 1
Speaking Part 2
1
Model answers
1 Do you enjoy living in a city? Why/Why
not?
2 How often does your family go on trips
away from home?
3 Do you like modern towns or cities?
Why/Why not?
4 What kinds of places do you visit in
your country?
5 Would you recommend these places to
tourists to visit? Why/ Why not?
2
Students' own answers
3/4
Model answers
rown/city: noisy, overcrowded, dirty, roo
modern/old-fashioned, too many cars,
poor transport system, too expensive,
costly
modern building: bright, cheerful,
welcoming, attractive, colourful, brightens
up everything, made of glass and concrete,
beautiful at night
3
4
2/3
Students' own answers
Unit 2
Vocabulary 1: Collocations - multiple
combinations
1
3/4
Model answer
1 It is important ro carry out
archaeological research because ir can
tell us a lot about the past and confirm
historical events such as battles and
natural disasters such as earthquakes and
floods. Such research is viral ro help build
an understanding of how civilization
began and its development. This can
improve our understanding of the
modern world and develop and lead to a
greater appreciation of the consequences
of our actions. As archaeology is so
important, funding at university level is
essential to provide the experts that are
needed in this field. Volunteers are useful
to help do the basic groundwork, bur
training experts is essential.
1/2/3
Students' own answers
2/3
Students' own answers
2/3
Students' own answers
Unit 3
Language focus: Prepositions
1
1 wirh 2 in 3 from 4wirh 5 from
6 011
2/3
Unit S
IELTS Writing Task 2
1/2
Students' own answers
3/4
Model answers
happier people
higher costs of care
greater demand on housing
overcrowding
longer working life
unhappier population
higher taxes
5
Model answer
Eliminating disease around the world
is undoubtedly a worthwhile aim for
all healthcare systems, bur surely the
prevention of illness and alleviating pain
and suffering are also just as important.
Large sums of money are spent annually on
finding cures for diseases such as malaria
and lifestyle health problems such as heart
disease and diabetes. Diseases like rhe
former deserve to have money invested in
them, because they are responsible for large
numbers of illnesses and fatalities each
year. Other health problems such as heart
disease can also benefit from research to
find a cure, bur these illnesses are sometimes
caused by people's lifestyles and can often be
prevented through health education rather
expensive research programmes.
3
Students' own answers
Unit4
Vocabulary: Leisure and entertainment
1
Model answers
street entertainment, leisure goods, leisure
centre, leisure industry, entertainment
industry, popular entertainment, leisure
activities/pursuits, light entertainment
Unit 6
IELTS Writing Task 1
1/2/3
Students' own answers
4
Model answers
1 rhar took place around Tanron
between rhe years of 1985 and 2010.
2 motorway had been built through the
farmland
3 rhe spread of rhe town to rhe north
4 southwards
S to rhe southeast mainly disappeared
6 shopping complex was constructed
7 being turned into a car park
8 was given over to rhe construction of a
theme park
9 factories were constructed, while ro
the southwest of rhe village more
farmland disappeared to build an
airport
ll"ll!Gl!f}J}~'J!&'?',A/f%'je.['--,l''"-=;,~'i1Pffl>J/!f,/!~11fa#Jlllf?nJ}/
Answer key
10 farmland and woodland being lose co
d evelopment.
Unit 7
IELTS Writing Task 2
Writing bank
2/3
Students' own an swers
Unit8
fELTS Writing Task 1
1
Model answers
l Which age group is/ are involved in
acting the most?
2 Which is the most popular artistic
activity for each age group)
3 Which is the least popular artistic
activity for each age group?
4 What is the proportion of those aged
40- 54 who do not participate in any
artistic activity?
5 How does writing compare across the
three age groups?
2
Students' own answers
3
Model answer
Decorating, handicrafts gardening:
1 Decorating, handicrafts and gardening
were popular among the three age
groups, with chose aged 40-54 forming
the largest proportion Uusc over 45 per
cent).
2 While just under 30 per cent of the 1524 age group cook part in decorating,
handicrafts and gardenin g, it was the
second most popular activity in chis
group after photography and film at
JUSt over 30 per cent.
Line graphs
The chart provides information about
the number of teachers of both genders
in nursery and primary and secondary
schools in the United Kingdom between
1981/82 and 2007/ 8.
- ~-
.,_,.
.....
--,.-~
-~-
Answer key
Macmillan Education
Between Towns Road, Oxford OX4 3PP
A division of Macmillan Publishe rs Limited
Companies and representatives throughout the world
ISBN 978-0-230-43994-8 (+ key)
ISBN 978-0-230-43995-S (- key)
Text Sam McCarter 2013
Design and illustration Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013
The author has asserted his rights to be identified as the author
of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Design and
Parents Act 1988.
First published 2013
All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any
form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
the publishers.
Design by xen
Illustrated by David Banks, Oxford Designers & Illustrators,
Seb Camagajevac
Cover d esign by Designers Collective
Author's acknowledgements
The author would like to thank the freelance editor for her
patience and guidance.
The publishers would like to thank Stephanie Dimond-Bayir,Jo
Preshous and Rachael Roberts.
The author and publishers would like to thank the following
for permission to reproduce their photographs:
Apple Inc p80(tr), Alamy/Arcaid Images p52(A); Bananastock
ppS 1, 59, 79, BrandX pl 7; Corbis p54(D), Corbis/Matt Gibson/
Loop Images p77(D), Corbis/Franz Marc Frei p68, Corbis/CDC
Phil p65, Corbis/Image China pl8(D), Corbis/Richard Rancier
p86, Corbis/Alberto Lowe/Reuters p lOS(B), Corbis/Mario Secchi
p91 , Corbis/David Sutherland p90(C), Corbis/Ron Watts p90(B);
Digital Stock p42(C); Digital Vision p81; Ecole Polytechnique
Federale De Lausanne (EPFL) p72; Getty pp46(B), 48, 52(C),
SS, Getry/AFP pl8(C), Geery/Henk Badenhursr p36, Geery/
Scott R Barber p78(B), Getty/Dan Bayley p74, Geery/Bloom
Image p44, Getry/C.Borland/Photolink p78(E), Geery/Peter Cade
p52(E), Geery/Toby Carney p30(A), Getty/Paul Chesley p66(C),
Gerry/Martin Child p23, Getty/Comstock p52(G), Gerry/Diane
Diederich p13, Geery/Domino p54(C), Getty Eschcollection
p77(A), Gerry/Ed Freeman p6(B), Gecry/Fotosearch p67, Getty/
Mitchell Funk p77(C), Geery/Alexis Grattier p6(D), Gerry/
Jamie Grill p78(D), Geery/Tim Hawley p80(tl), Geery/Image
Source pp6(C), 24, 53, Gecry/Kidstock p42(A), Gecry/Mixa
p83, Geery/Leon p94, Geery/Norah Levine Photography p62,
Getty/Catherine MacBride p30(B), Gerry/David McLain p78(A),
Gerry/Johnie Pakington p6(A), Gecry/Phoroduo p52(H), Geery/
Phorostock Israel plOS(A), Geery/Tim Platt p46(C), Getty/
Science PR p54(B), Gerry/Zen Sekizawa p96, Getty/Steven
Simpson p32, Geery Don Smetzer p78(C), Getty/Robin Smith
18(A), Geery/Andreas Strauss p54(A), Gecry/Travelpix Ltd p9,
Getty/Visit Bricain/Parvel Libra p98, Getty/Visit Britain/Grant
Prichard p18(B), Getty/Jack Wassell Photography p25, Getty/
Wirelmage p92, Getty/Yagi Studio p30(D); Grapheast p42(B,
D); Image Source p77(B); Macmillan Publishers Ltd p35 ;
Macmillan New Zealand plOS(C); Photodisc pp56, 66(A);J.
Rogers p61; Superstock/Ambient Images p90(A), Superstock/
Cultura Ltd p52(D), Supersrock/Robert Harding Picture Library
pl 9, Supersrock/Imagebroker p52(F), Supersrock/Photononstop
p42(E), Superstock/Pixtal p31, Supersrock/Science Faction
Downloadable worksheets
Five worksheets for each unit in the Student's Book provide further Vocabulary and Grammar
practice, improving necessary language ability for the IELTS exam.
Additional resources
Marking facility to record exam practice scores and monitor progress
MP3 audio files for material in the Student's Book
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Wrnrng
1 of2
TASK1
~~~~~~~~~~~~----..
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The charts below gtve ll'lformation oo staff numbftl"S and
percentagesolstaffcloll'lgdlfferentr,,:iesor workata
nat1onal newspaper1noneEurope:)ll country11'l 1992.
2002and2012
Summar.le the 111formanon by s e~ctio!I and reporting
~
' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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