1.

Circuits Theorems

1. vTH , RTH = ?

(C) 1 V,
3W

2W

5
W
6

(D) -1 V,

6
W
5

4. A simple equivalent circuit of the 2 terminal

6W

6V

vTH, RTH

network shown in fig. P1.4.4 is

Fig. P.1.4.1

(A) 2 V, 4 W

(B) 4 V, 4 W

(C) 4 V, 5 W

(D) 2 V, 5 W

Fig. P.1.4.4

2. i N , R N = ?
2W

2W

R
v
4W

15 V

vTH, RTH

(A)

(B)

Fig. P.1.4.2

R
R

(A) 3 A,

10
W
3

(B) 10 A, 4 W

(C) 1,5 A, 6 W

(D) 1.5 A, 4 W

(A)

(B)

5. i N , R N = ?

3. vTH , RTH = ?

2W

2W

3W

2A

1W

vTH, RTH

6A

4W

3W

iN RN

Fig. P.1.4.5
Fig. P.1.4.3

(A) -2 V,

6
W
5

(B) 2 V,

5
W
6

(A) 4 A, 3 W

(B) 2 A, 6 W

(C) 2 A, 9 W

(D) 4 A, 2 W

34

Circuits Theorems

6. vTH , RTH = ?

Chap 1.4

The value of the parameter are

vTH

RTH

iN

RN

(A)

4 V

2 W

2 A

2 W

(B)

4 V

2 W

2 A

3 W

(C)

8 V

1.2 W

30
A
3

1.2 W

(D)

8 V

5 W

8
A
5

5 W

25 W

30 W
20 W

vTH, RTH

5V
5A

Fig. P.1.4.6

(A) -100 V, 75 W

(B) 155 V, 55 W

(C) 155 V, 37 W

(D) 145 V, 75 W

10. v1 = ?
2W

1W

7. RTH = ?
6W

2W

8V

6W

3W

1W

+
v1

6W

18 V

6W

2A

Fig. P.1.4.10

RTH
5V

(A) 6 V

(B) 7 V

(C) 8 V

(D) 10 V

Fig. P.1.4.7

(A) 3 W

(B) 12 W

(C) 6 W

(D)

11. i1 = ?
4 kW

i1

20 V

4 kW

6 kW

8. The Thevenin impedance across the terminals ab of

a

12 V

24 V

3 kW

4 kW

3W

Fig. P.1.4.11
6W

2A

2V

8W

8W
b

(A) 3 A

(B) 0.75 mA

(C) 2 mA

(D) 1.75 mA

Fig. P.1.4.8

Statement for Q.1213:

the network shown in fig. P.1.4.8 is

A circuit is given in fig. P.1.4.1213. Find the

(A) 2 W

(B) 6 W

(C) 6.16 W

4
(D) W
3

Thevenin equivalent as given in question..

10 W

9. For In the the circuit shown in fig. P.1.4.9 a network

and its Thevenin and Norton equivalent are given
2W

40 W

5V

8W

3W

x
RTH
4V

16 W

iN

2A
vTH

Fig. P.1.4.9

Fig. P.1.4.1213
RN

12. As viewed from terminal x and x is

(A) 8 V, 6 W

(B) 5 V, 6 W

(C) 5 V, 32 W

(D) 8 V, 32 W

1A

Chap 1.4

Circuits Theorems

13. As viewed from terminal y and y is

(A) 8 V, 32 W

(B) 4 V, 32 W

(C) 5 V, 6 W

(D) 7 V, 6 W

35

(C) 0 A, 20 W

(D) 0 A, -20 W

19. vTH , RTH = ?

6W

i1

14. A practical DC current source provide 20 kW to a

50W load and 20 kW to a 200 W load. The maximum

3i1

power, that can drawn from it, is

(A) 22.5 kW

(B) 45 kW

(C) 30.3 kW

(D) 40 kW

RN

Fig. P1.4.19

Statement for Q.1516:

In the circuit of fig. P.1.4.1516 when R = 0 W ,
the current iR equals 10 A.

(A) 0 W

(B) 1.2 W

(C) 2.4 W

(D) 3.6 W

20. vTH , RTH = ?

2W

4W

iN,

4W

2W

4V
+

4W

2W

4A
5W

0.1v1

vTH RTH

v1

iR

Fig. P.1.4.1516.
Fig. P.1.4.20

15. The value of R, for which it absorbs maximum

power, is

(A) 8 V, 5 W

(B) 8 V, 10 W
(D) 4 V, 10 W

(A) 4 W

(B) 3 W

(C) 4 V, 5 W

(C) 2 W

(D) None of the above

21. RTH = ?
3W

2W

16. The maximum power will be

(A) 50 W

(B) 100 W

(C) 200 W

(D) value of E is required

vx
4

4V

17. Consider a 24 V battery of internal resistance

the current drawn from the battery is i . The current

drawn form the battery will be i 2 when RL is equal to
(A) 2 W

(B) 4 W

(C) 8 W

(D) 12 W

Fig. P.1.4.21

(A) 3 W

(B) 1.2 W

(C) 5 W

(D) 10 W

22. In the circuit shown in fig. P.1.4.22 the effective

resistance faced by the voltage source is
4W

18. i N , R N = ?
5W

10 W
i1
20i1

iN,

30 W

vs

RN

i
4

Fig. P.1.4.22
Fig. P.1.4.18

(A) 2 A, 20 W

RTH

r = 4 W connected to a variable resistance RL . The rate

of heat dissipated in the resistor is maximum when

vx

(B) 2 A, -20 W

(A) 4 W

(B) 3 W

(C) 2 W

(D) 1 W

36

Circuits Theorems

Chap 1.4

23. In the circuit of fig. P1.4.23 the value of RTH at

ix

terminal ab is
16 V

0.75va

3W

0.9 A

RL

2W

Fig. P.1.4.2627

8W
a

26. The value of RL will be

va
+

4W

9V

Fig. P.1.4.23

(A) -3 W
8
(C) - W
3

(B) 3 W

(C) 1 W

(D) None of the above

27. The maximum power is

9
W
8

(B)

(A) 2 W

(D) None of the above

(A) 0.75 W

(B) 1.5 W

(C) 2.25 W

(D) 1.125 W

28. RTH = ?

24. RTH = ?

-2ix

200 W

va
100

va
+

100 W

50 W

RTH

100 W

300 W

(C)

(B) 0

3
W
125

(D)

125
W
3

maximum power if RL is equal to

(B) 136.4 W

(C) 200 W

(D) 272.8 W

29. Consider the circuits shown in fig. P.1.4.29

ia

100 W

200 W

2W
6W

3i

(A) 100 W

i
6V

RTH

Fig. P.1.4.28

25. In the circuit of fig. P.1.4.25, the RL will absorb

40 W

+
vx

800 W

ix

Fig. P.1.4.24

(A)

100 W

0.01vx

RL

6W
2W

2W
12 V

8V

12 V

Fig. P.1.4.25

6W

(A)

400
W
3

(B)

2
kW
9

(C)

800
W
3

(D)

4
kW
9

ib

2W
6W

6W

2W

2W

Statement for Q.26.27:

In the circuit shown in fig. P1.4.2627 the

18 V

6W

3A

maximum power transfer condition is met for the load

RL .

Fig. P.1.4.29a & b

12 V

Chap 1.4

Circuits Theorems

The relation between ia and ib is

(A) ib = ia + 6

(B) ib = ia + 2

(C) ib = 15
. ia

(D) ib = ia

37

(A) 4 V

(B) -4 V

(C) 6 V

(D) -6 V

34. A network N feeds a resistance R as shown in fig.

30. Req = ?

P1.4.34. Let the power consumed by R be P. If an

12 W

identical network is added as shown in fig. the power

4W

consumed by R will be
Req

6W

2W

18 W

6W

9W

Fig. P.1.4.30

(A) 18 W
(C)

(B)

36
W
13

Fig. P.1.4.34

72
W
13

(D) 9 W

(A) equal to P

(B) less than P

(C) between P and 4P

(D) more than 4P

35. A certain network consists of a large number of

31. In the lattice network the value of RL for the

ideal linear resistors, one of which is R and two

maximum power transfer to it is

constant ideal source. The power consumed by R is P1

when only the first source is active, and P2 when only

7W
6

the second source is active. If both sources are active

simultaneously, then the power consumed by R is

RL

9W

(A) P1 P2

(B)

(C) ( P1 P2 ) 2

(D) ( P1 P2 ) 2

P1 P2

Fig. P.1.4.31

(A) 6.67 W

(B) 9 W

(C) 6.52 W

(D) 8 W

36. A battery has a short-circuit current of 30A and an

open circuit voltage of 24 V. If the battery is connected
to an electric bulb of resistance 2 W, the power
dissipated by the bulb is

Statement for Q.3233:

A circuit is shown in fig. P.1.4.3233

(A) 80 W

(B) 1800 W

(C) 112.5 W

(D) 228 W

12 W
1W

3W

3W

37.

1W

The

following

results

were

obtained

measurements taken between the two terminal of a

resistive network
vs1

1W

va

vs2

Terminal
voltage

12 V

0V

Terminal
current

0A

1.5 A

Fig. P.1.4.3233

32. If vs1 = vs 2 = 6 V then the value of va is

(A) 3 V

(B) 4 V

(C) 6 V

(D) 5 V

from

33. If vs1 = 6 V and vs 2 = - 6 V then the value of va is

The Thevenin resistance of the network is

(A) 16 W

(B) 8 W

(C) 0

(D)

38

Circuits Theorems

Chap 1.4

38. A DC voltmeter with a sensitivity of 20 kW/V is

Solutions

used to find the Thevenin equivalent of a linear

network. Reading on two scales are as follows

1. (B) vTH =

(a) 0 - 10 V scale : 4 V
(b) 0 -15 V scale : 5 V
The

Thevenin

voltage

the

Thevenin

2. (A)
2W

resistance of the network is

16
1
(A)
V,
MW
3
15
(C) 18 V,

and

( 6)( 6)
= 4 V, RTH = ( 3||6) + 2 = 4 W
3+ 6

(B)

2
MW
15

32
200
V,
kW
3
3

(D) 36 V,

isc

Fig. S.1.4.2

15
10
2
=6W
R N = 2 ||4 + 2 =
W, v1 =
1 1 1
3
+ +
2 2 4
v1
isc = i N =
=3 A
2

+
RL

4W

15 V

200
kW
3

39. Consider the network shown in fig. P.1.4.39.

Linear
Network

2W

v1

vab

Fig. P.1.4.39

The power absorbed by load resistance RL is

3. (C) vTH =

shown in table :

(2)( 3)(1)
5
= 1 V, RTH = 1||5 = W
3+ 3
6

4. (B) After killing all source equivalent resistance is R

RL

10 kW

3.6 MW

30 kW

4.8 MW

Open circuit voltage = v1

5. (D) isc =

6 4
= 4 A = i N , R N = 6 ||3 = 2 W
4+2
2W

The value of RL , that would absorb maximum

isc

power, is
(A) 60 kW

(B) 100 W

(C) 300 W

(D) 30 kW
Fig. S1.4.5

40. Measurement made on terminal ab of a circuit of

fig.P.1.4.40 yield the current-voltage characteristics
shown in fig. P.1.4.40. The Thevenin resistance is
i(mA)
+

30
Resistive
Network

20
10
-4

-3 -2

-1

vab

3W

4W

6A

6. (B) RTH = 30 + 25 = 55 W, vTH = 5 + 5 30 = 155 V

7. (C) After killing the source, RTH = 6 W
6W

6W
RTH

Fig. P.1.4.40

(A) 300 W

(B) -300 W

(C) 100 W

(D) -100 W

Fig. S.1.4.7

Chap 1.4

Circuits Theorems

8. (B) After killing all source, RTH = 3||6 + 8 ||8 = 6 W

6W

If we Thevenized the left side of xx and source

transformed right side of yy
4
8
+
8
24
= 5 V,
RTH = 8 ||(16 + 8) = 6 W
vxx = vTH =
1
1
+
8 24

3W

39

8W
8W
b

Fig. S1.4.8

13. (D) v yy = vTH

9. (D) voc = 2 2 + 4 = 8 V = vTH

RTH = 2 + 3 = 5 W = R N ,

iN =

vTH 8
= A
RTH 5

4
8
+
24
8 = 7 V, R = ( 8 + 16)||8 = 6 W
=
TH
1
1
+
24 8

14. (A)

10. (A) By changing the LHS and RHS in Thevenin

i

equivalent
1W

1W

2W

1W

Fig. S1.4.14

+
6W

4V

RL

12 V

v1

ir

50 = 20 k,
r + 50

ir

200 = 20 k
r + 200

( r + 200) 2 = 4( r + 50) 2

Fig. S1.4.10

i = 30 A,

4
12
+
+
+2 =6 V
1
1
1
v1 =
1
1
1
+ +
1+1 6 1+2

Pmax

r = 100 W

( 30) 2 100
=
= 22.5 kW
4

15. (C) Thevenized the circuit across R, RTH = 2 W

4W

2W

2W

11. (B) By changing the LHS and RHS in Thevenin

2W

4W

equivalent
2 kW

4 kW

i1

20 V

2 kW

Fig. S1.4.15
6V

8V

17. (D) RL = r = 4 W, i =

Fig. S1.4.11

i1 =

20 - 6 - 8
= 0.75 mA
2k + 4k + 2k

24
3
=
RL + 4 2

12. (B)
8W

16 W

10
16. (A) isc = 10 A, RTH = 2 W, Pmax =
2 = 50 W
2

24
=3 A
4+4

RL = 12 W

18. (C) i N = 0,

8W

1- i1 10 W

5W
i1

4V

8V

20i1

30 W

1A

vtest

Fig. S1.4.12

Fig. S1.4.18

40

Circuits Theorems

20 i1 = 30 i1 - 10(1 - i1 )

i1 = 0.5 A

22. (B) vs = 4

vtest = 5 1 + 30 0.5 = 20 V
v
R N = test = 20 W
1

3i
4

vs
= 3W
i

voc voc - 9
+
+ 0.75 va = 0
4
8

23. (C) voc = vab = -va ,

19. (B) Circuit does not contains any independent

source, vTH = 0
6W

i1
+
4W

3i1

Chap 1.4

1A

vtest

2 voc + voc - 9 + 6( -voc ) = 0 , voc = - 3 V

If terminal ab is short circuited, va = 0
9
v
-3 -8
A and RTH = oc =
isc =
=
W
8
isc 9 8
3
24. (D) Using source transform
i1

100 W

200 W

Fig. S1.4.19

va

va

1A

vtest

Applying 1 A at terminal, i1 = -1 A
vtest vtest - 3( -1)
. V
+
= 1 vtest = 12
4
6
v
RTH = test = 12
. W
1

Fig. S1.4.24

va = 100 i1 + 200 i1 + 50( i1 + 1)

va = 100 i1 - va

va = 50 i1

50 i1 = 300 i1 + 50 i1 + 50

20. (B)
4V
isc

i1 = -

1
A
6

1 125

W
vtest = 50 1 - =
6
3

25. (C)

5W

0.1v1

50 W

100 W

2i 40 W

Fig. S1.4.20
200 W

6V

v1 = 4 + 5 0.1v1

3i

v1 = 8 V

v1 = voc = vTH
Fig. S1.4.25a

For isc , v1 = 0
4
v
isc = A, RTH = oc = 10 W
5
isc
21. (D) vx = 2

vx
+4
4

6 = 200 i - 40 2 i

i=

1
A
20

voc = 100 3i + 200 i = 25 V

vx = 8 V = voc

40 W

3W

2W

100 W

v1
i

isc
4V

voc

6V

200 W

isc
3i1

vx
4

Fig. S1.4.25b
Fig. S1.4.21

If terminal is short circuited, vx = 0

4
v
8
isc =
= 0.8 A, RTH = oc =
= 10 W
2+3
isc 0.8

6
15
15
3
40
V, i =
A
=
v1 =
=
1
1
1
4
4 200 160
+
+
40 200 100

Chap 1.4

isc =

Circuits Theorems

16
3 3 3
v
25
800
A, RTH = oc =
+
=
=
W
4 100 160 32
isc 3 32
3

41

30. (D) Changing the D to Y

12 W

26. (B) ix + 0.9 = 10 ix

2
W
3

2W

ix = 0.1 A
10ix

2W

1W

Req

18 W

6W
9W

16 V

3W

0.9 A

voc

Fig. S1.4.30

Fig. S1.4.26

voc = 3 10 ix = 30 ix
isc = 10 ix = 1 A, RTH

Req = 18 || 14 + 10 || 6 + = 18 ||(14 + 4) = 9 W
3

voc = 3 V
3
= = 3W
1

31. (C) RTH = 7 ||5 + 6 ||9 = 6.52 W

7W
6
W

RTH
W

27. (A) vTH = voc = 3 V, RL = 3 W, Pmax

32
=
= 0.75 W
4 3
5

28. (A) ix = 1 A , vx = vtest

-2ix

9W

Fig. S1.4.31
100 W

0.01vx
100 W

300 W

1A

vtest

For maximum power transfer RL = RTH = 6.52 W

32. (D) The given circuit has mirror symmetry. It is
modified and redrawn as shown in fig. S.1.4.32a.

ix

6W

800 W

Fig. S1.4.28

1W

vtest = 1200 - 800 ix - 3vtest

4 vtest = 1200 - 800 = 400

v
RTH = test = 100 W
1

1W
3W

vtest = 100 (1 - 2 ix ) + 300 (1 - 2 ix - 0.01vx ) + 800

6W

6V

3W
2W

2W

vtest = 100 V

+
va

6V

Fig. S.1.4.32a

29. (C) In circuit (b) transforming the 3 A source in to

Now in this circuit all straight-through connection

18 V source all source are 1.5 times of that in circuit

have been cut as shown in fig. S1.4.32b

(a). Hence ib = 15
. ia .
ib

6W
1W

2W
6W

3W

6W
2W

2W

2W

18 V
18 V

va

12 V

Fig. S.1.4.32b

6W

Fig. S1.4.29

va =

6 (2 + 3)
=5 V
2 + 3+1

6V

42

Circuits Theorems

Chap 1.4

33. (B) Since both source have opposite polarity, hence

For 0 -10 V scale Rm = 10 20 k = 200 kW

short circuit the all straight-through connection as

For 0 -50 V scale Rm = 50 20 k = 1 MW

4
For 4 V reading i =
50 = 20 mA
10

shown in fig. S.1.4.33

6W
1W
3W
2W

+
6V

va

Fig. S1.4.33

6 ( 6 ||3)
2+1

RTH

...(ii)

v30 k = 30 k 4.8m = 12 V

34. (C) Let Thevenin equivalent of both network

vTH

vTH = 5m RTH + 5m 1M = 5 + 5mRTH

39. (D) v10 k = 10 k 3.6m = 6

= -4 V

RTH

...(i)

Solving (i) and (ii)

16
200
V, RTH =
vTH =
kW
3
3

va = -

vTH = 20mRTH + 20m 200 k = 4 + 20mRTH

5
For 5 V reading i =
50m = 5 mA
50

6 =

10
vTH
10 + RTH

12 =

30 vTH
30 + RTH

RTH

vTH

vTH

10 vTH = 6 RTH + 60

5 vTH = 2 RTH + 60

RTH = 30 kW
40. (D) At v = 0 , isc = 30 mA

Fig. S1.4.34

At i = 0, voc = - 3 V
v
-3
RTH = oc =
= - 100 W
isc 30m

VTH
R
P =

RTH + R

VTH
P =
RTH

R+

VTH
R = 4
2R + R

TH

************

Thus P < P < 4 P

35. (C) i1 =

P1
P2
and i2 =
R
R

using superposition i = i1 + i2 =
i2 R =

P1 P2

36. (C) r =
P=

P1

voc
= 1. 2 W
isc

24 2
2 = 112.5 W
(1. 2 + 2) 2

37. (B) RTH =

38. (A) Let

voc 12
=
=8W
isc 15
.

1
1
=
= 50 mA
sensitivity
20 k

P2
R