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Tutorial 1. Ultrasonic Testing Is One of The Most Widely Used Methods in Metal Industry. As An Inspector

Ultrasonic testing uses sound waves to detect flaws inside materials. There are three primary ultrasonic inspection techniques: 1. Pulse-echo uses a single transducer to send and receive sound waves to detect internal reflections, allowing inspection from one side of a material. Through-transmission uses two transducers on opposite sides to detect losses in sound transmission. 2. Normal beam introduces sound at 90 degrees while angle beam is used at other angles, depending on feature orientation and surface obstructions. 3. Contact testing applies a couplant between transducer and material, while immersion testing submerges both in water for better movement and coupling.

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29 views

Tutorial 1. Ultrasonic Testing Is One of The Most Widely Used Methods in Metal Industry. As An Inspector

Ultrasonic testing uses sound waves to detect flaws inside materials. There are three primary ultrasonic inspection techniques: 1. Pulse-echo uses a single transducer to send and receive sound waves to detect internal reflections, allowing inspection from one side of a material. Through-transmission uses two transducers on opposite sides to detect losses in sound transmission. 2. Normal beam introduces sound at 90 degrees while angle beam is used at other angles, depending on feature orientation and surface obstructions. 3. Contact testing applies a couplant between transducer and material, while immersion testing submerges both in water for better movement and coupling.

Uploaded by

NurulAtirahNorozi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TUTORIAL

1. Ultrasonic testing is one of the most widely used methods in metal industry. As an inspector,
discuss in details, the inspection technique used in Ultrasonic Testing.
Ultrasonic testing is a very versatile inspection method, and inspections can be accomplished
in a number of different ways.
Ultrasonic inspection techniques are commonly divided into three primary classifications.
i.

Pulse-echo and Through Transmission (Relates to whether reflected or transmitted


energy

is

used

In pulse-echo
In pulse-echo testing, a transducer sends out a pulse of energy and the same or
a second transducer listens for reflected energy (an echo).
Reflections occur due to the presence of discontinuities and the surfaces of the
test article.
The amount of reflected sound energy is displayed versus time, which
provides the inspector information about the size and the location of features
that reflect the sound.
The pulse-echo technique allows testing when access to only one side of the
material is possible, and it allows the location of reflectors to be precisely
determined.

Through-Transmission
Two transducers located on opposing sides of the test specimen are used. One
transducer acts as a transmitter, the other as a receiver.
Discontinuities in the sound path will result in a partial or total loss of sound
being transmitted and be indicated by a decrease in the received signal
amplitude.
Through transmission is useful in detecting discontinuities that are not good
reflectors, and when signal strength is weak. It does not provide depth
ii.

information.
Normal Beam and Angle Beam (Relates to the angle that the sound energy enters the
test article)

In normal beam testing, the sound beam is introduced into the test article at 90
degree to the surface.
In angle beam testing, the sound beam is introduced into the test article at
some angle other than 90.
The choice between normal and angle beam inspection usually depends on
two considerations:
-The orientation of the feature of interest the sound should be directed to
produce the largest reflection from the feature.
-Obstructions on the surface of the part that must be worked around.

iii.

Contact and Immersion (Relates to the method of coupling the transducer to the test
article)
To get useful levels of sound energy into a material, the air between the
transducer and the test article must be removed.

This is referred to as

coupling.
In contact testing (shown on the previous slides) a couplant such as water, oil
or a gel is applied between the transducer and the part.
In immersion testing, the part and the transducer are place in a water bath.
This arrangement allows better movement of the transducer while maintaining
consistent coupling.
With immersion testing, an echo from the front surface of the part is seen in
the signal but otherwise signal interpretation is the same for the two
techniques.

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