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Experime NT:: Probability Problems With Solutions Important Formulas

The document provides examples and definitions related to probability problems and solutions. It defines experiments, random experiments, sample spaces, events, and the probability of an event occurring. It gives examples of sample spaces for coin tosses, dice rolls, and card draws. It also provides key probability formulas, such as the probability of an event E occurring is equal to the number of outcomes favoring E divided by the total number of outcomes in the sample space.

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bhargateja
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© © All Rights Reserved
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47 views

Experime NT:: Probability Problems With Solutions Important Formulas

The document provides examples and definitions related to probability problems and solutions. It defines experiments, random experiments, sample spaces, events, and the probability of an event occurring. It gives examples of sample spaces for coin tosses, dice rolls, and card draws. It also provides key probability formulas, such as the probability of an event E occurring is equal to the number of outcomes favoring E divided by the total number of outcomes in the sample space.

Uploaded by

bhargateja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Probability problems with solutions

Important formulas

1. Experime nt:
An operation which can produce some well-defined outcomes is called an experiment.
2. Random Expe riment:
An experiment in which all possible outcomes are know and the exact output cannot be
predicted in advance, is called a random experiment.
Examples:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

Rolling an unbiased dice.


Tossing a fair coin.
Drawing a card from a pack of well- shuffled cards.
Picking up a ball of certain colour from a bag containing balls of different
colours.

Details:
v.
vi.
vii.

When we throw a coin, then either a Head (H) or a Tail (T) appears.
A dice is a solid cube, having 6 faces, marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 respectively. When
we throw a die, the outcome is the number that appears on its upper face.
A pack of cards has 52 cards.
It has 13 cards of each suit, name Spades, Clubs, Hearts and Diamonds.
Cards of spades and clubs are black cards.
Cards of hearts and diamonds are red cards.
There are 4 honours of each unit.
There are Kings, Queens and Jacks. These are all called face cards.

3. Sample Space:
When we perform an experiment, then the set S of all possible outcomes is called
the sample space.
Examples:

1. In tossing a coin, S = {H, T}


2. If two coins are tossed, the S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}.
3. In rolling a dice, we have, S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
4. Event:
Any subset of a sample space is called an event.
5. Probability of Occurrence of an Event:
Let S be the sample and let E be an event.
Then, E
P(E) =

S.
n(E)
.
n(S)

6. Results on Probability:
.
P(S) = 1
i.
0 P (E) 1
ii.
P( ) = 0
iii.
For any events A and B we have : P(A
B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A
iv.
If A denotes (not-A), then P(A) = 1 - P(A).

B)

1. Tickets numbered 1 to 20 are mixed up and then a ticket is drawn at random. What is the
probability that the ticket drawn has a number which is a multiple of 3 or 5?
A.

1
2

8
15
Ans wer & Explanation
C.

B.

2
5

D.

9
20

Ans wer: Option D


Explanation:
Here, S = {1, 2, 3, 4, ...., 19, 20}.
Let E = event of getting a multiple of 3 or 5 = {3, 6 , 9, 12, 15, 18, 5, 10, 20}.
P(E) =

n(E)
9
= .
n(S) 20

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2. A bag contains 2 red, 3 green and 2 blue balls. Two balls are drawn at random. What is the
probability that none of the balls drawn is blue?
A.

10
21

2
7
Ans wer & Explanation
C.

B.

11
21

D.

5
7

Ans wer: Option A


Explanation:
Total number of balls = (2 + 3 + 2) = 7.
Let S be the sample space.
Then, n(S) = Number of ways of drawing 2 balls out of 7
= 7 C2 `
=

(7 x 6)
(2 x 1)

= 21.
Let E = Event of drawing 2 balls, none of which is blue.
n(E) = Number of ways of drawing 2 balls out of (2 + 3) balls.
= 5 C2
=

(5 x 4)
(2 x 1)

= 10.
n(E) 10
= .
n(S) 21
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P(E) =

3. In a box, there are 8 red, 7 blue and 6 green balls. One ball is picked up randomly. What is the
probability that it is neither red nor green?

A.

1
3

B.

3
4

C.

7
19

D.

8
21

E.

9
21

Ans wer & Explanation


Ans wer: Option A
Explanation:
Total number of balls = (8 + 7 + 6) = 21.
Let E = event that the ball drawn is neither red nor green
= event that the ball drawn is blue.
n(E) = 7.
n(E)
7
1
=
= .
n(S) 21 3
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P(E) =

4. What is the probability of getting a sum 9 from two throws of a dice?


1
1
A.
B.
6
8
1
9
Ans wer & Explanation
C.

D.

1
12

Ans wer: Option C


Explanation:
In two throws of a die, n(S) = (6 x 6) = 36.
Let E = event of getting a sum ={(3, 6), (4, 5), (5, 4), (6, 3)}.
P(E) =

n(E)
4
1
=
= .
n(S) 36 9

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5. Three unbiased coins are tossed. What is the probability of getting at most two heads?
3
1
A.
B.
4
4
C.

3
8

D.

7
8

Ans wer & Explanation


Ans wer: Option D
Explanation:
Here S = {TTT, TTH, THT, HTT, THH, HTH, HHT, HHH}
Let E = event of getting at most two heads.
Then E = {TTT, TTH, THT, HTT, THH, HTH, HHT}.
n(E) 7
= .
n(S) 8
6. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability of getting two numbers whose
product is even?
P(E) =

A.

1
2

3
8
Ans wer & Explanation
C.

B.

3
4

D.

5
16

Ans wer: Option B


Explanation:
In a simultaneous throw of two dice, we have n(S) = (6 x 6) = 36.
Then, E = {(1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 2), (3, 4),
(3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 2), (5, 4), (5, 6), (6, 1),
(6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
n(E) = 27.
P(E) = n(E) = 27 = 3.

n(S) 36 4
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7. In a class, there are 15 boys and 10 girls. Three students are selected at random. The
probability that 1 girl and 2 boys are selected, is:
21
25
A.
B.
46
117
1
50
Ans wer & Explanation
C.

D.

3
25

Ans wer: Option A


Explanation:
Let S be the sample space and E be the event of selecting 1 girl and 2 boys.
Then, n(S) = Number ways of selecting 3 students out of 25
= 25C3 `
(25 x 24 x 23)
(3 x 2 x 1)

= 2300.
n(E) = (10 C1 x 15C2 )
=

10 x

(15 x 14)
(2 x 1)

= 1050.
n(E) 1050 21
=
= .
n(S) 2300 46
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P(E) =

8. In a lottery, there are 10 prizes and 25 blanks. A lottery is drawn at random. What is the
probability of getting a prize?
1
2
A.
B.
10
5
C.

2
7

Ans wer & Explanation

D.

5
7

Ans wer: Option C


Explanation:
10
10 2
=
= .
(10 + 25) 35 7
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P (getting a prize) =

9. From a pack of 52 cards, two cards are drawn together at random. What is the probability of
both the cards being kings?
1
25
A.
B.
15
57
35
256
Ans wer & Explanation
C.

D.

1
221

Ans wer: Option D


Explanation:
Let S be the sample space.
Then, n(S) = 52 C2 =

(52 x 51)
= 1326.
(2 x 1)

Let E = event of getting 2 kings out of 4.


(4 x 3)
= 6.
(2 x 1)
n(E)
6
1
P(E) =
=
=
.
n(S) 1326 221
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n(E) = 4 C2 =

10. Two dice are tossed. The probability that the total score is a prime number is:
1
5
A.
B.
6
12
1
2
Ans wer & Explanation
C.

Ans wer: Option B

D.

7
9

Explanation:
Clearly, n(S) = (6 x 6) = 36.
Let E = Event that the sum is a prime number.
Then E = { (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 2), (3, 4), (4, 1), (4, 3),
(5, 2), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 5) }
n(E) = 15.
n(E) 15
5
=
= .
n(S) 36 12
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P(E) =

11. A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. The probability of getting a queen of club or a king
of heart is:
1
2
A.
B.
13
13
1
26
Ans wer & Explanation
C.

D.

1
52

Ans wer: Option C


Explanation:
Here, n(S) = 52.
Let E = event of getting a queen of club or a king of heart.
Then, n(E) = 2.
n(E)
2
1
=
= .
n(S) 52 26
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P(E) =

12. A bag contains 4 white, 5 red and 6 blue balls. Three balls are drawn at random from the bag.
The probability that all of them are red, is:
1
3
A.
B.
22
22
C.

D.

91
Ans wer & Explanation

77

Ans wer: Option C


Explanation:
Let S be the sample space.
Then, n(S) = number of ways of drawing 3 balls out of 15
= 15C3
=

(15 x 14 x 13)
(3 x 2 x 1)

= 455.
Let E = event of getting all the 3 red balls.
(5 x 4)
= 10.
(2 x 1)
n(E)
10
2
P(E) =
=
= .
n(S) 455 91
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n(E) = 5 C3 = 5 C2 =

13. Two cards are drawn together from a pack of 52 cards. The probability that one is a spade
and one is a heart, is:
3
29
A.
B.
20
34
C.

47
100

D.

Ans wer & Explanation


Ans wer: Option D
Explanation:
Let S be the sample space.
Then, n(S) = 52 C2 =

(52 x 51)
= 1326.
(2 x 1)

13
102

Let E = event of getting 1 spade and 1 heart.


n(E) = number of ways of choosing 1 spade out of 13 and 1 heart out of 13
= (13 C1 x 13C1 )
= (13 x 13)
= 169.
n(E)
169
13
=
=
.
n(S) 1326 102
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P(E) =

14. One card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability that the card
drawn is a face card (Jack, Queen and King only)?
A.

1
13

B.

3
13

C.

1
4

D.

9
52

Ans wer & Explanation


Ans wer: Option B
Explanation:
Clearly, there are 52 cards, out of which there are 12 face cards.
12
3
= .
52 13
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P (getting a face card) =

15. A bag contains 6 black and 8 white balls. One ball is drawn at random. What is the
probability that the ball drawn is white?
A.

3
4

B.

4
7

C.

1
8

D.

3
7

Ans wer & Explanation


Ans wer: Option B

Explanation:
Let number of balls = (6 + 8) = 14.
Number of white balls = 8.
P (drawing a white ball) =

8
4
= .
14 7

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