Financial Statement Analysis of Beximco

Pharmaceuticals Ltd
Executive Summary

The report compares the financial statement between Squire Pharmaceutical and
Beximco Pharmaceutical for the year ended 2009 to 2011.Square Pharmaceuticals
Limited is the largest pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh and it has been
continuously in the 1st position among all national and multinational companies since
1985. It was established in 1958 and converted into a public limited company in 1991.
On the other hand Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd. belongs to Beximco Group, the largest
private sector business conglomerate in Bangladesh. Beximco Pharmaceuticals is a
leading manufacturer and exporter of pharmaceuticals in the country. Beximco
Pharmaceutical is the only Bangladeshi company listed on the AIM of London Stock
Exchange through issuance of GDRs.
Here this two companies are handle the pharmaceuticals matter and my topic about my
term paper is compare the financial statement analysis between this companies, thats
why I am analyzing the financial statement of this companys by using their annual report
and the financial statement. In my study I try to show their financial performance from
2009 to 2011. Besides that, I also use comparative techniques to compare for financial
statement analysis of Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd with Square Pharmaceuticals
Limited.
Introduction
Financial performance measurement is very important for the institutions because it
indicates the organizations performance. Thats mean how the organization is running.
Besides that it also helps to take the future decision and action. However, this term paper
is prepared on the basis of Financial Performance of Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
comparing with Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. These two pharmaceuticals company are
most prominent in Bangladesh. By This term paper I can know that how Beximco
Pharmaceuticals run their business from Square Pharmaceuticals. And what are their
week points?
Rational of the Study

As an obligatory requirement of Honors program under the Department of Finance &

Banking I prepare this term paper to fulfill the requirements of Principals of Finance
course. As a student of business study I gain plenty of theoretical knowledge. Now its
the time to use this theoretical knowledge practically. But its not a easy task to compare
two institutions financial position. Although by using the theoretical knowledge we are

able to understand the field collecting data from their website & annual report, which
help us to cope up the situation.
Now a days pharmaceuticals company takes a great places in this country, the functions
of such institutions are relatively new and challenging to compare. Producing drugs is
one of the main concentrations of these firms. After doing this term paper as a commerce
& finance background student I can know the past and current financial position of
Beximco Pharmaceuticals and Square Pharmaceuticals in the market.
Statement of the Problems

In my term paper entitled Financial Statement Analysis of Beximco Pharmaceuticals

Ltd. in Comparing with Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd., here I am supposed to analyze
the financial statements regarding its problems and prospects, recent year statistics and in
comparing with this companies particularly in terms of its precise definition, problems,
factors, contributions, and inventions.
Scope and limitation of the Study

The report mainly analyzes the existing services of Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd. and
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. The term paper also analyzes the financial performance of
the above two companies over three years and evaluates the performance of Beximco
Pharmaceuticals Ltd. in Comparing with Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
There exist some limitations in making the report. These are stated below:

There were some restrictions in disclosing some information as it was assumed to

be confidential. Therefore I could not include those in my term paper.
Some of the information that I got from secondary sources were not arranged
consistently.
As some companies do not update their web site, therefore it was difficult to get
the most recent data.

Objectives of the Study

This report titled Financial Statement Analysis of Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd. in

Comparing with Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd., has been prepared as a partial
requirement for the course, Principals of Finance instructed by Mohammad. Akter
Hossain, Department of Finance & Banking, Dhaka Commerce college.
Objectives

The report is meant to relate the financial statement analysis theories learnt in
class to the context of a real world scenario to understand their practical
implications.

To introduce the functional departments of Beximco Pharmaceuticals as well as

functions of Square Pharmaceuticals and brief idea about Pharmaceuticals .

Evaluating financial performance of Beximco Pharmaceuticals in comparing with

Square Pharmaceuticals To brings out the position of this companies in the
market.

Literature Review
Many institutions measure their financial performance analysis to know their
performance comparing with some other financial institutions which helps to take the
future decision and action. It also helps to show the present situation where they are
standing now and which year was the best performed. Thats why, I have chosen the
topic to prepare the report Financial Statement Analysis of Beximco Pharmaceuticals
Ltd. in Comparing with Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd., I have chosen this topic to
measure the performance of Beximco pharmaceuticals during the Three years and I have
used Square pharmaceuticals to compare because both of two Pharmaceuticals are
similar.
Ratio analysis is very important factor for measuring the financial performance
measurement. There are several ratios and grouped in the four sections which are used to
prepare the report and it is studied from the Book (e.g. C.P. Jonce). One important section
of ratios is Profitability or return and data are availability from the book (b.g. Mohammad
Akter Hossain). There are several ratios are gathered from the websites. For the ratio
analysis, Balance sheet and Income statement of Beximco pharmaceuticals is very
important and data are availability from the Annual report (e.g. Annual report 20092011). And for the comparing with Square pharmaceuticals, Balance sheet & Income
Statement of them is very important which are collected from Annual report (e.g. Annual
report 2009-2011).
Methodology of the Study

In order to make the term paper as perfect as possible I here used data collection
procedures which articulate the way that I have followed in my report.
Data Collection Procedures: Data were collected in a way that is Secondary ways

Secondary ways of collecting data: The secondary data are those which have already
been collected by someone else and which have already been passed through the
statistical process. From my term paper, secondary data were collected mainly from
internet to collect annual reports as well as financial highlights of the company. Another
important source was the annual reports of the companies.
Pharmaceutical Industries Scenario

In Bangladesh Pharmaceutical sector is one of the most developed hi tech sector which is
contributing in the countrys economy. After the promulgation of Drug Control Ordinance
1982, the development of this sector was accelerated. The professional knowledge,
thoughts and innovative ideas of the pharmacists working in this sector are the key
factors for this developments. Due to recent development of this sector we are exporting
medicines to global market including European market. This sector is also providing 95%
of the total medicine requirement of the local market. Leading Pharmaceutical
Companies are expanding their business with the aim to expand export market. Recently
few new industries have been established with hi tech equipments and professionals
which will enhance the strength of this sector. Beximco pharmaceutical begin as a
product was introduced in the Pharmaceutical Market of Bangladesh in 1976 with the
incorporation of the Beximco Group and the Square pharmaceutical started their journey
in the Pharmaceutical Market of Bangladesh in 1976 with the incorporation of the Square
Group of companies.
An Overview of Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd. belongs to Beximco Group, the largest private sector
business conglomerate in Bangladesh. Incorporated in the late 70s, Beximco
Pharmaceutical began as a distributor, importing products from global MNCs like Bayer,
Germany and Upjohn Inc., USA and selling them in the local market, which were later
manufactured and distributed under licensing arrangements. The Company introduced its
own branded generic products in 1983. Since then, the journey continued, and today,
Beximco Pharmaceutical is a leading manufacturer and exporter of pharmaceuticals in
the country, winning National Export Trophy (Gold) a record four times. Beximco
Pharmas manufacturing facilities have been accredited by major global regulatory
bodies, and it has expanded its geographic footprint across four continents. Beximco
Pharmaceutical is the only Bangladeshi company listed on the AIM of London Stock
Exchange through issuance of GDRs. Having a broad portfolio of more than 500 products
and a dedicated team of around 2,700 employees, Beximco Pharmaceutical is committed
to providing access to medicines which are affordable and manufactured in strict
compliance with global standards.
Vision Statement
Enhancing human health and well being by providing contemporary and affordable
medicines and to deliver outstanding results for our shareholders.
Mission Statement

To be one of the most trusted, admired and successful pharmaceutical companies in the
region with a focus on strengthening research and development capabilities, creating
partnerships and building presence across the globe.
An Overview of Square Pharmaceutical Ltd.

SQUARE today symbolizes a name a state of mind. But its journey to the growth and
prosperity has been no bed of roses. From the inception in 1958, it has flourished into one
of the top line conglomerates in Bangladesh today. Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd., the
flagship company, is holding the strong leadership position in the pharmaceutical industry
of Bangladesh since 1985 and is now on its way to becoming a high performance global
player.
Square Pharmaceuticals Limited is the largest pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh and it has been
continuously been the market leader since 1985. It was established in 1958 as a partnership and in 1964,
Square was converted into a Private Limited Company. In 1991, it was listed in the Dhaka Stock Exchange
(DSE) and Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) as a Public Limited Company. In 1994, Square commenced
Initial Public Offering (IPO) of Square Pharmaceutical Limited shares with authorized capital of Tk 1,000
million.
Vision Statement Square Pharmaceutical Ltd.

They view business as a means to the material and social wellbeing of the investors,
employees and the society at large, leading to accretion of wealth through financial and
moral gains as a part of the process of the human civilization.
Mission Statement Square Pharmaceutical Ltd.

Their Mission is to produce and provide quality & innovative healthcare relief for people
maintain stringently ethical standard in business operation also ensuring benefit to the
shareholders, stakeholders and the society at large.
Financial Statement Analysis
A tool used by individuals to conduct a quantitative analysis of information in a
companys financial statements. Ratios are calculated from current year numbers and are
then compared to previous years, other companies, the industry, or even the economy to
judge the performance of the company. Ratio analysis is predominately used by
proponents of fundamental analysis.
The process of evaluating businesses, projects, budgets and other finance-related entities
to determine their suitability for investment. Typically, financial analysis is used to
analyze whether an entity is stable, solvent, liquid, or profitable enough to be invested in.
When looking at a specific company, the financial analyst will often focus on the income
statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. In addition, one key area of financial
analysis involves extrapolating the companys past performance into an estimate of the
companys future performance.
On the other hand, one of the most common ways of analyzing financial data is to
calculate ratios from the data to compare against those of other companies or against the
companys own historical performance. For example, return on assets is a common ratio
used to determine how efficient a company is at using its assets and as a measure of
profitability. This ratio could be calculated for several similar companies and compared
as part of a larger analysis.

Why Ratio Analysis is so important for Business Strategic Planning

Ratio Analysis is one of the basic tools of financial analysis. And it is a fact that financial
analysis itself plays an important role in the progress of business strategic planning.
Being the basic tool of the strategic analysis, ratio analysis plays a vital role and it is not
possible to complete the analysis of a companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities
and threats, without an analysis of its financial position.
This tool is normally used to conduct a quantitative analysis of information in a
companys financial statements. Ratios are calculated by comparing the current year
figures to previous years, other companies, the industry, or even the economy to judge the
performance of the company. This is predominately used by proponents of fundamental
analysis. If you dont know how to evaluate the present performance of a company and
its possible future performance, you should learn how to analyze ratios.
Ratio Analysis, being the basic tool of the strategic analysis, is extremely important for an
organization to carry out its business planning. Some of the key reasons why it holds so
much of importance are
This analysis gives users a good understanding of how well the company utilized its
resources in generating profit and shareholder value.
It attempts to measure a companys ability to pay off its short-term debt obligations.
Used to determine the overall level of financial risk a company and its shareholders
face.
It helps to enrich financial health and performance of a company.
Advantage of the Ratio Analysis:

Helpful in analysis of Financial Statements.

Helpful in comparative Study.
Helpful in locating the weak spots of the business.
Helpful in Forecasting.
Helpful to take future decision and action.
Estimate about the trend of the business.
Effective Control.
Study of Financial Soundness.

Limitations of Ratio Analysis:

Comparison not possible if different bank adopt different accounting policies.

Ratio analysis becomes less effective due to rate of interest level changes.
Ratio may be misleading in the absence of absolute data.
Lack of proper standards.

False accounting data gives false ratio.

Ratios alone are not adequate for proper conclusions.

Overall financial position of the company seems to be satisfactory. I strongly believe if

the above steps are taken the companys financial performance will be more efficient,
employees morale will be improved and productivity will be increased. They should give
the consideration on their weaknesses and take the actions to overcome the weaknesses.
1. LIQUIDITY RATIOS
CURRENT RATIO

Current assets
Current ratio =
Current liabilities

Table-1
Year

Beximco

Square

2011

2.69

1.50

Investors are interested in

the current ratio because it
indicates the ability of a
company to pay its current
liabilities form current assets
and, in this way, shows the
strength of the companys
working capital position.

Interpretation: From
the above chart (Graph1) we can see that
2009
2.97
1.45
current ratio in 20092011 of Beximco is 2.97, 2.46, 2.69 is continuously going down on the other hand Square
has 1.45 , 2.14 , 1.5 are increasing and decreasing. This indicates that Beximco has more
ability to pay off its current liabilities than Square.
2010

2.46

2.15

QUICK RATIO
(Current Asset Inventory)

Quick ratio =
Current liabilities

Table-2
Year

Beximco

Square

2011

1.833958098

0.959799422

2010

1.674331527

1.05829246

2009

2.237300366

0.653007747

Quick ratio or the acid test measures the companys immediate liquidity without relying
on inventory. Inventories are the least liquid of a firms current assets
Interpretation: From the above chart (Table-2) we can see that quick ratio in 2011 of
Beximco is more than Square and same result has seen in 2010 and 2009.this indicates
that Beximco has more efficiencies than Square.
CASH RATIO
(Cash + short-term securities)

Cash ratio =
Current liabilities

Table-3
Year

Beximco

Square

2011

1.024178985

0.682087378

2010

0.927470478

0.667404251

2009

1.53284846

0.373595065

The cash ratio measures the

extent
to
which
a
corporation or other entity
can quickly liquidate assets
and
cover
short-term
liabilities, and therefore is of
interest
to
short-term

creditors.

Interpretation: From the above chart (Table-3) we can see that Cash Ratio in 2011of
Beximco is more than Square and same result has seen in 2010 and 2009.this indicates
that Beximco has more cash than Square.
PROFITABILITY RATIOS
NET PROFIT MARGIN RATIO

Net Income

Net Profit Margin Ratio =

Sales

Table-4
Year

Beximco

Square

2011

0.067009182

0.192409084

2010

0.228396595

0.183117951

2009

0.224678997

0.194722296

Net profit margin ratio measures the proportion of revenue that finds its way into profit.
This ratio measures how much net profit remains out of each dollar of sales after all are
expenses covered.
Interpretation: From the above chart (Table-4) we can see that quick ratio in 2011 of
Beximco is less than Square but result has seen in 2010 and 2009 is more than in
Beximco .this indicates that Beximco has more efficiency level than Square.
RETURN ON ASSETS (ROA)
Net income

Return On Assets =
Total Assets

Table -5
Year

Beximco

Square

2011

0.0520

0.1349

2010

0.0492

0.1522

2009

0.0314

0.1381

This is one of the most important ratios which investors are interested in any company.
This ratio shows the return on firms all assets. It measures how well the investments of

the company (the Total Assets) have generated earnings (Net Earnings) back to the
company.
Interpretation: From the above chart (table-5) we can see that Return on Asset ratio in
2011 of Square is more than Beximco and same result has seen in 2010 and 2009.this
indicates that Square get more return than Beximco.
MARKET RATIOS
EARNING PER SHEAR (EPS)
Net Income

Earnings Per Share=

No. of shares outstanding

Table-6
Year

Beximco

Square

2011

4.76

95.61

2010

4.18

78.84

2009

3.45

71.37

EPS is the measure used most widely to appraise a companys operation is earnings per
share of common stock. This is one of the most important factors for prospective
investors in the company as it plays a significant role in determining the market price of
the share and the dividends to be distributed. This ratio also allows comparing various
organizations in the related industry.
Interpretation: From the above chart we can see that Earning Per Share (EPS) in 20092011 is continuously going down Beximco and Square also. But in all year which
indicates that Beximco has more risk than Square.
PRICE EARNING RATIO (PER)

Market Price per share

Price Earnings ratio =
Earnings per share

Table-6
Year

Beximco

Square

2011

19.66

25.35

2010

32.32

33.65

2009

44.51

30.46

Price-earnings ratio helps investors to judge whether the stock is under priced or
overprice. A high price earnings ratio means that investors are willing to pay a premium
for the companys stock because is expected to have higher than average future earnings
growth. Companies with high P/E ratios are more likely to be considered risky
investments than those with low P/E ratios, since a high P/E ratio signifies high
expectations.
Interpretation: From the above chart we can see that Earning Per Share (EPS) in
Beximco is less than Square in all year which indicates that Beximco has more risk than
Square.
FINDINGS:
1. LIQUIDITY RATIOS
CURRENT RATIO: Here we can see that current ratio in 2009-2011 of Beximco is
continuously going down on the other hand Square is increasing and decreasing. This
indicates that Beximco has more ability to pay off its current liabilities than Square.
QUICK RATIO: Here we can see that quick ratio in 2011 of Beximco is more than
Square and same result has seen in 2010 and 2009.this indicates that Beximco has more
efficiencies than Square.
CASH RATIO: Here we can see that quick ratio in 2011 of Beximco is more than
Square and same result has seen in 2010 and 2009.this indicates that Beximco has more
efficiencies than Square.
2. PROFITABILITY RATIOS
NET PROFIT MARGIN RATIO: From the above chart (Graph-4) we can see that
quick ratio in 2011 of Beximco is less than Square but result has seen in 2010 and 2009 is
more than in Beximco .this indicates that Beximco has more efficiency level than
Square.

RETURN ON ASSETS (ROA): Here we can see that Return on Asset ratio in 2011 of
Square is more than Beximco and same result has seen in 2010 and 2009.this indicates
that Square get more return than Beximco.
3. MARKET RATIOS
EARNING PER SHEAR (EPS): Here we can see that Earning Per Share (EPS) in
2009-2011 is continuously going down Beximco and Square also. But in all year which
indicates that Beximco has more risk than Square
PRICE EARNING RATIO (PER): Here we can see that Earning Per Share (EPS) in
Beximco is less than Square in all year which indicates that Beximco has more risk than
Square.
Conclusion
To conclude the report, it is imperative to mention that default clients have been a major
problem for the Pharmaceuticals Institutions for long and the financial institutions have
been trying to minimize the default problem all along. The Bangladesh Association of
Pharmaceutical Industries (BAPI) has been striving to assist the pharmaceuticals
institutions to get out of the default problem and formulating policies for that purpose. As
a continuance to this, Bangladesh Association of Pharmaceutical Industries (BAPI) has
been providing directives when and where it seems to be necessary. In Bangladesh many
business organizations are still facing problems in the functioning of smooth business
operations and moreover they concentrate on making profit more than their safety as a
result of this they sometime get out of safety caution to absorb the industry sock.
Therefore fall in to loss and sometimes get liquidated. The consequence of this is that
Pharmacy Council of Bangladesh (PCB) do not get their due amount in time which is a
big and foremost risk to the organizations. To overcome this, a very important factor to
which risk weights have to be raised is the past default behavior of the borrowers.
There are about 256 pharmaceuticals institutions in this small country. So it is a
competitive market for financial sector. To keep in top of the list Beximco has to provide
sufficient activities to level up this institution. In addition, the reward are modest, the
penalties for bad looking are enormous.
In financial statement analysis, Beximco shows the average performance in total. In a
competition market, it is very hard to compete with one another. Besides that Square is a
very prominent pharmaceutical institutions in our country. Beximco has a vast assets
comparing with Square. But their net income is not very satisfactory because of their high
expense. Moreover, financial performance of Beximco was good up to 2011. We can see
it from our data analysis. Their net income & assets are increased. But it is not increased
in such way which is increased in Square.
Recommendations

1. EXPLORING ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF FUNDS

The Pharmaceuticals companies across the world are work for mankind. But for helping
people they need to produce much more and new product for their production the need
more fund. So the need to exploring alternative sources of funds.
2. COMPETITIONS AND PRODUCT DIVERSIFICATION
Pharmaceuticals in Bangladesh are operating in a highly competitive environment. The
competition for them is even more challenging as they have to compete with other
company. Given the changes in the business environment, the need for product
diversification is very important.
3. ENHANCING CAPITAL MARKET ACTIVITIES
Pharmaceuticals company around the world carry out a significant role in the
development of the capital market. Strong institutional support is necessary for a vibrant
capital market which is the core of economic development in any market based economic
system. But their activities in the capital market are rather limited. Active participation of
pharmaceuticals company is essential to accelerate the capital market activities which
can expedite the economic growth of the country.
4. RECOMMENDATIONS TO OFFER EVEN BETTER SERVICES
As their main target is providing medicine for mankind they should offer people
or consumers their best offer and services in their products and shears or stocks.
5. PROMOTING PRODUCTS
Pharmaceutical company also should concentrate on the promotion activities; that all
levels of client know about their services.
Balance Sheet
For the year ended December 31, 2011, 2010, 2009
Beximco Pharmaceutical Ltd.
Profit and Loss Account
For the year ended December 31, 2011, 2010
Beximco Pharmaceutical Ltd.
Profit and Loss Account

For the year ended December 31, 2010, 2009

Square Pharmaceutical Ltd.
Balance Sheet
For the year ended December 31, 2011, 2010, 2009
Square Pharmaceutical Ltd.
Profit and Loss Account
For the year ended December 31, 2011-12
Square Pharmaceutical Ltd.
Profit and Loss Account
For the year ended December 31, 2009-10
Bibliography
Books:
Fundamental of Investments, Gitman
Principal of Finance, Mohammad Akter Hossain
Fundamental of Investments, C.P. Jonce
Annual Report:
Annual Report of Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Year of 2009-2011
Annual Report of Square, Year of 2009-2011.
Websites:
www.beximco-pharma.com
www.squarepharma.com.bd
www.bapibd.com
www.google.com

www.dgda.gov.bd