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Graphics Programming

This C graphics programming tutorial contains several examples of drawing basic shapes and animations using functions from the graphics.h library. It introduces initializing the graphics system using initgraph(), drawing lines and circles, setting colors, and closing the graphics mode with closegraph(). An example program is provided that draws a circle on screen by initializing graphics, calculating the center coordinates, displaying text, and using circle() to render the shape.

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205 views

Graphics Programming

This C graphics programming tutorial contains several examples of drawing basic shapes and animations using functions from the graphics.h library. It introduces initializing the graphics system using initgraph(), drawing lines and circles, setting colors, and closing the graphics mode with closegraph(). An example program is provided that draws a circle on screen by initializing graphics, calculating the center coordinates, displaying text, and using circle() to render the shape.

Uploaded by

nooti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C Graphics Programming Tutorial

This C Graphics tutorials is for those who want to learn fundamentals of Graphics programming,
without any prior knowledge of graphics. This tutorials contains lots of fundamental graphics
program like drawing of various geometrical shapes(rectangle, circle eclipse etc), use of
mathematical function in drawing curves, coloring an object with different colors and patterns and
simple animation programs like jumping ball and moving cars. This tutorial will provide you an
overview of computer graphics and it's fundamentals.

The first step in any graphics program is to initialize the graphics drivers on the computer using
initgraph method of graphics.h library.
void initgraph(int *graphicsDriver, int *graphicsMode, char *driverDirectoryPath);
It initializes the graphics system by loading the passed graphics driver then changing the system
into graphics mode. It also resets or initializes all graphics settings like color, palette, current
position etc, to their default values. Below is the description of input parameters of initgraph
function.
graphicsDriver : It is a pointer to an integer specifying the graphics driver to be used. It
tells the compiler that what graphics driver to use or to automatically detect the drive. In all
our programs we will use DETECT macro of graphics.h library that instruct compiler for
auto detection of graphics driver.
graphicsMode : It is a pointer to an integer that specifies the graphics mode to be used. If
*graphdriver is set to DETECT, then initgraph sets *graphmode to the highest resolution
available for the detected driver.
driverDirectoryPath : It specifies the directory path where graphics driver files (BGI files)
are located. If directory path is not provided, then it will seach for driver files in current
working directory directory. In all our sample graphics programs, you have to change path of
BGI directory accordingly where you turbo C compiler is installed.

Colors in C Graphics Programming


There are 16 colors declared in C Graphics. We use colors to set the current drawing color, change
the color of background, change the color of text, to color a closed shape etc. To specify a color, we
can either use color constants like setcolor(RED), or their corresponding integer codes like
setcolor(4). Below is the color code in increasing order.
COLOR MACRO
BLACK
BLUE
GREEN

INTEGER VALUE
0
1
2

COLOR MACRO INTEGER VALUE


CYAN
3
RED
4
MAGENTA
5
BROWN
6
LIGHTGRAY
7
DARKGRAY
8
LIGHTBLUE
9
LIGHTGREEN
10
LIGHTCYAN
11
LIGHTRED
12
LIGHTMAGENTA 13
YELLOW
14
WHITE
15
At the end of our graphics program, we have to unloads the graphics drivers and sets the screen
back to text mode by calling closegraph function. Here is our first C Graphics program to draw a
straight line on screen.
/* C graphics program to draw a line */
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main() {
int gd = DETECT, gm;
/* initialization of graphic mode */
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");
line(100,100,200, 200);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}

In this program initgraph function auto detects an appropriate graphics driver and sets graphics
mode maximum possible screen resolution. Then line function draws a straight line from coordinate
(100, 100) to (200, 200). Then we added a call to getch function to avoid instant termination of
program as it waits for user to press any key. At last, we unloads the graphics drivers and sets the
screen back to text mode by calling closegraph function.

Write a program in C to draw a circle on screen using graphics.h header file


In this program, we will draw a circle on screen having centre at mid of the screen and radius of 80
pixels. We will use outtextxy and circle functions of graphics.h header file. Below is the detailed
descriptions of graphics functions used in this program.
Function
initgraph
getmaxx
getmaxy
outtextxy
circle
closegraph

Description
It initializes the graphics system by loading the passed graphics driver
then changing the system into graphics mode.
It returns the maximum X coordinate in current graphics mode and
driver.
It returns the maximum Y coordinate in current graphics mode and
driver.
It displays a string at a particular point (x,y) on screen.
It draws a circle with radius r and centre at (x, y).
It unloads the graphics drivers and sets the screen back to text mode.

C program to draw circle using c graphics


In this program we first initialize graphics mode, by passing graphics driver(DETECT), default
graphics mode and specifies the directory path where initgraph looks for graphics drivers (*.BGI). It
is the first step you need to do during graphics programming. Setting graphics driver as DETECT,
means instructing the compiler to auto detect graphics driver. Here we are using getmaxx and
getmaxy function to find the center coordinate of the screen.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main(){
int gd = DETECT,gm;
int x ,y ,radius=80;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");
/* Initialize center of circle with center of screen */
x = getmaxx()/2;
y = getmaxy()/2;
outtextxy(x-100, 50, "CIRCLE Using Graphics in C");
/* Draw circle on screen */
circle(x, y, radius);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}

Program Output

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