Rules and Regulations

Doubles and Singles:

Badminton can be played by two or four players. In a singles, two single players (two men or
two women) play against each other. A doubles consists of two opposing pairs of players. There
are ladies' doubles (two pairs of ladies playing against each other), men's doubles (two pairs of
two men playing against each other) and mixed doubles (two pairs consisting of one man and
one woman playing against each other). The game therefore has five disciplines: ladies' singles,
ladies' doubles, men's singles, men's doubles, and mixed doubles.
The Court
In normal play, the court is 13.40m long and 5.10m (singles) or 6.10m (doubles) wide. The
height of the net is 1.524m over the centre of the court, but 1.55m over the side lines of the
doubles court.
The singles court always covers the full length of the court, from base line to base line, both in
normal play and for the service. Similarly, singles are always played on the narrow court.
Doubles are always played on the wide court. During a rally, the base line at the back of the
court marks the end of the court. However, a doubles service must be played into the short
service court, marked by the doubles service line 80 centimetres before the base line.
The Toss
At the beginning of each match, a toss is made to determine which side serves first. The winner
of the toss can chose whether to make the first service of the match or whether to return first,
thus leaving the first service to the opponent. The side that lost the toss can then chose on which
end of the court he/she/they want to start.
Alternatively, the side that wins the toss may also choose to select the end of the curt on which
he/she/they want(s) to start. The right to decide who makes the first service in the match then
goes to the side that lost the toss.
The Sets
A badminton match commonly consists of up to three sets. The side that first reaches 21 points
wins a set (exception: when there is no two-point difference - see below). The side that first wins
two sets wins the match. A third set is played if, after two sets, both sides have won one each.
After each set, the sides change ends. A short break of up to 90 seconds can be made between
sets and in the middle of each set, when the first player reaches 11 points. Strictly speaking, the
players may not leave the court during the break, but coaching is allowed.

Scoring
A rally is won by one side if it plays the shuttle in such a way that it cannot be returned by the
opponents and hits the ground inside the opponent's court (including on the lines), if the
opponent's return does not cross the net or if the opponent's return hits the ground outside the
court boundaries. Furthermore, a side wins the rally if:

(one of) the opposing player(s) touches the shuttle with the body before it hits the ground
(whether inside or outside the court)

(one of) the opposing player(s) touches the net with the racket or the body while the
shuttle is in the air

(one of) the opposing player(s) hits the shuttle before it has crossed the net (i.e. reaching
over to the opponent's side of the court)

both players of one side in a doubles touch the shuttle

one player touches the shuttle more than once

a faulty service is played

The basic scoring rules are:

The winner of each rally scores a point, regardless of who is serving. This means that
every mistake, even a faulty service, wins the opponent a point. (Avoidable) mistakes are
thus penalised quite heavily.

The player winning a rally scores a point and simultaneously wins (or keeps) the right to
serve.

The winning score in each set is 21 points, but to win a set, a side must lead their
opponents by two points or more (see below).

A player must lead his/her opponents by a minimum of two points in order to win a set.
The closest possible winning score with 21 points is therefore 21-19. If the score reaches
20-20, the set is won by the first player or pair building up a two point lead or by the first
player or pair to score 30 points. This means that possible winning scores are 22-20, 2123, 22-24,, 29-27, 30-28 - or 30-29: if score reaches 29-29, the next player to score a
point wins the set with a score of 30-29. This is the only exception when no margin of
two points is needed to win a set.

The winning score for a set is the same in all five disciplines.

Even in a doubles, each side only has one service. As in the singles disciplines, the
service is played from the left or the right service court, depending on whether the score
of the serving side is odd or even. The service is always played from the left service court
if the serving side's score is odd or from the right service court if it is even. In doubles,
players of the serving side change service courts with every point they score, but if a side
scores a point without having served, they do not change service courts.

Serving
Every service, in singles and doubles, must be played across the front service line, nearly 2
metres away from the net, and always into the diagonally opposite service court. Each side has
one service (in singles and in doubles). If the serving side's score is even, the service must be
played from the right service court, if it is odd, from the left service court. The first service (at 00) is always played from the right service court.
If the serving side scores a point, it keeps the service and starts the next rally with a new service
from the left or right service court, depending on whether its score is odd or even. If the
returning side scores a point, it also wins the right to serve. This principle applied to singles as
well as to doubles matches.
In singles, the position of the serving player is easy to ascertain as it always and only depends on
whether the serving player's score is odd (left service court) or even (right service court).
In doubles, a little more care needs to be taken as the two players of a side take it in turns to
serve. Again, the service court from which the service is played depends on whether the score is
odd (left) or even (right). If the side of the serving player scores a point, the player keeps the
right to serve and moves to the other service court for the next service. This procedure continues
until the returning side wins a point. In this case, they also win the right to serve, but they do not
change service courts at that point. Service courts are only changed by the serving side.

From: http://www.fernandosbadminton.com/index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=61&Itemid=61

Basketball Basics for New Players and

Coaches -- Learn the Basic Rules,
Concepts, Court Layout, and Player
Positions
The Rules
Basketball is a team sport. Two teams of five players each try to
score by shooting a ball through a hoop elevated 10 feet above the
ground. The game is played on a rectangular floor called the court,
and there is a hoop at each end. The court is divided into two main
sections by the mid-court line. If the offensive team puts the ball into
play behind the mid-court line, it has ten seconds to get the ball over
the mid-court line. If it doesn't, then the defense gets the ball. Once
the offensive team gets the ball over the mid-court line, it can no
longer have possession of the ball in the area in back of the line. If it
does, the defense is awarded the ball.

The ball is moved down the court toward the basket by passing or dribbling. The team
with the ball is called the offense. The team without the ball is called the defense. They
try to steal the ball, contest shots, steal and deflect passes, and garner rebounds.
When a team makes a basket, they score two points and the ball goes to the other
team. If a basket, or field goal, is made outside of the three-point arc, then that basket
is worth three points. A free throw is worth one point. Free throws are awarded to a
team according to some formats involving the number of fouls committed in a half
and/or the type of foul committed. Fouling a shooter always results in two or three free
throws being awarded the shooter, depending upon where he was when he shot. If he
was beyond the three-point line, then he gets three shots. Other types of fouls do not
result in free throws being awarded until a certain number have accumulated during a
half. Once that number is reached, then the player who was fouled is awarded a '1-and1' opportunity. If he makes his first free throw, he gets to attempt a second. If he
misses the first shot, the ball is live on the rebound.
Each game is divided into sections. All levels have two halves. In college, each half is
twenty minutes long. In high school and below, the halves are divided into eight (and
sometimes, six) minute quarters. In the pros, quarters are twelve minutes long. There
is a gap of several minutes between halves. Gaps between quarters are relatively

short. If the score is tied at the end of regulation, then overtime periods of various
lengths are played until a winner emerges.
Each team is assigned a basket or goal to defend. This means that the other basket is
their scoring basket. At halftime, the teams switch goals. The game begins with one
player from either team at center court. A referee will toss the ball up between the two.
The player that gets his hands on the ball will tip it to a teammate. This is called a tipoff. In addition to stealing the ball from an opposing player, there are other ways for a
team to get the ball.
One such way is if the other team commits a foul or violation.

Fouls and Violations

FOULS
Personal fouls: Personal fouls include any type of illegal physical contact.

Hitting

Pushing

Slapping

Holding

Illegal pick/screen -- when an offensive player is moving. When an offensive

player sticks out a limb and makes physical contact with a defender in an
attempt to block the path of the defender.

Personal foul penalties: If a player is shooting while a being fouled, then he gets
two free throws if his shot doesn't go in, but only one free throw if his shot does go
in.

Three free throws are awarded if the player is fouled while shooting for a
three-point goal and they miss their shot. If a player is fouled while shooting a
three-point shot and makes it anyway, he is awarded one free throw. Thus, he
could score four points on the play.

Inbounds. If fouled while not shooting, the ball is given to the team the foul
was committed upon. They get the ball at the nearest side or baseline, out of
bounds, and have 5 seconds to pass the ball onto the court.

One & one. If the team committing the foul has seven or more fouls in the
game, then the player who was fouled is awarded one free throw. If he makes
his first shot, then he is awarded another free throw.

Ten or more fouls. If the team committing the foul has ten or more fouls, then
the fouled player receives two free throws.

Charging. An offensive foul that is committed when a player pushes or runs over a
defensive player. The ball is given to the team that the foul was committed upon.
Blocking. Blocking is illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not
establishing position in time to prevent an opponent's drive to the basket.
Flagrant foul. Violent contact with an opponent. This includes hitting, kicking, and
punching. This type of foul results in free throws plus the offense retaining
possession of the ball after the free throws.
Intentional foul. When a player makes physical contact with another player with
no reasonable effort to steal the ball. It is a judgment call for the officials.
Technical foul. Technical foul. A player or a coach can commit this type of foul. It
does not involve player contact or the ball but is instead about the 'manners' of the
game. Foul language, obscenity, obscene gestures, and even arguing can be
considered a technical foul, as can technical details regarding filling in the
scorebook improperly or dunking during warm-ups.

VIOLATIONS
Walking/Traveling. Taking more than 'a step and a half' without dribbling the ball
is traveling. Moving your pivot foot once you've stopped dribbling is traveling.
Carrying/palming. When a player dribbles the ball with his hand too far to the side
of or, sometimes, even under the ball.
Double Dribble. Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same time or
picking up the dribble and then dribbling again is a double dribble.
Held ball. Occasionally, two or more opposing players will gain possession of the
ball at the same time. In order to avoid a prolonged and/or violent tussle, the
referee stops the action and awards the ball to one team or the other on a rotating
basis.
Goaltending. If a defensive player interferes with a shot while it's on the way down
toward the basket, while it's on the way up toward the basket after having touched

the backboard, or while it's in the cylinder above the rim, it's goaltending and the
shot counts. If committed by an offensive player, it's a violation and the ball is
awarded to the opposing team for a throw-in.
Backcourt violation. Once the offense has brought the ball across the mid-court
line, they cannot go back across the line during possession. If they do, the ball is
awarded to the other team to pass inbounds.
Time restrictions. A player passing the ball inbounds has five seconds to pass the
ball. If he does not, then the ball is awarded to the other team. Other time
restrictions include the rule that a player cannot have the ball for more than five
seconds when being closely guarded and, in some states and levels, shot-clock
restrictions requiring a team to attempt a shot within a given time frame.

Player Positions
Center. Centers are generally your tallest players. They generally are positioned
near the basket.
Offensive -- The center's goal is to get open for a pass and to shoot. They are also
responsible for blocking defenders, known as picking or screening, to open other
players up for driving to the basket for a goal. Centers are expected to get some
offensive rebounds and put-backs.
Defensive -- On defense, the center's main responsibility is to keep opponents from
shooting by blocking shots and passes in the key area. They also are expected to
get a lot of rebounds because they're taller.
Forward. Your next tallest players will most likely be your forwards. While a forward
may be called upon to play under the hoop, they may also be required to operate in
the wings and corner areas.
Offensive -- Forwards are responsible to get free for a pass, take outside shots, drive
for goals, and rebound.
Defensive -- Responsibilities include preventing drives to the goal and rebounding.
Guard. These are potentially your shortest players and they should be really good
at dribbling fast, seeing the court, and passing. It is their job to bring the ball down
the court and set up offensive plays.
Offensive -- Dribbling, passing, and setting up offensive plays are a guard's main
responsibilities. They also need to be able to drive to the basket and to shoot from

the perimeter.
Defensive -- On defense, a guard is responsible for stealing passes, contesting
shots, preventing drives to the hoop, and for boxing out.

Where Should New Players and Coaches Start?

First, we suggest that you focus on learning the basic fundamentals of basketball.
To teach fundamental skills, start with these 72 free basketball drills that include full
diagrams and step by step instructions. They will help you develop strong
fundamentals and basketball skills.
Like any sport, no matter what your age -- whether you're a professional athlete or a
youth player just getting started -- you need strong fundamentals to be successful!
Unfortunately, most people don't really understand what that means.
The fundamentals include working on the little things that make you better -- no matter
what team or coach you play for -- or what offense or defense you are running.
For example, by working on the fundamentals of shooting, you will get better no matter
what team you play for. The fundamentals of shooting include proper foot alignment,
leg bend, hand position, arm angle, follow through, and so on. These are some of the
little things that make a difference. Learn them!
The same goes for lays ups, foot work, post play, passing, jab steps, jump stops,
pivoting, blocking out, and so on.
https://www.breakthroughbasketball.com/basics/basics.html