Community Participation - GIS
Community Participation - GIS
Community Participation - GIS
A. Subash
SWM specialist, TNUDP-III
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Apart from various ways to participate, there are several degrees in participation of
different community members. Not all members of the community, like the poorest or most
marginalised groups, have equal access to information or are sufficiently represented by
community leaders or organisations and this may obstruct the participation of those groups.
• Building local capacities and capabilities. Community participation may for instance
increase awareness of knowledge and capacities, may improve the ability to negotiate
as equals with authorities and other stakeholders1 to promote common objectives, and
increase responsiveness to conflicts within the community.
• Involvement in decision-making. Participation can ensure that the different needs and
problems of the community are integrated in the project’s objectives.
• Empowerment. Community participation may give people the opportunity to devise
and initiate strategies to improve their situation
For instance, to keep any solid waste management systems running, at a minimum
participation of the community is required in putting the garbage at the street in a proper way
at the right time. At the individual level, residents are responsible as users. This involves
actions like storing waste in a proper way in a bag or bin, separate recyclable or organic
materials from other waste, offering waste at the right place at the proper time for collection,
and cleaning the area around the house.
Apart from individual responsibility, people can be collectively responsible in more or
less organised activities, like meetings, clean-up campaigns, and awareness-raising activities.
Furthermore, community participation may involve making material, financial or physical
contributions to activities of solid waste management, for instance working as cart operator or
sweeper, and paying fees for waste collection.
Special attention should be paid to the role of women. In many situations women are
the first to be affected by a deterioration of the environment and are most willing to
participate in projects that improve their living conditions. However, religious barriers,
traditions, social hierarchy, low rate of literacy, or the burden of domestic tasks may impede
their participation.
EXNORA, which is an acronym for` Excellent Novel Radical `, has been driving the
environmentalist movement for sustainable urban development in Chennai since 1989. It is a
local non-governmental organization (NGO) based on a ‘zero waste management scheme’ set
up, run and financed by the residents themselves. EXNORA believes that area based project
led by the local community is an ideal way to spread environmental, social &civic messages
resulting in a more equal and responsible society.
Over the last few years the municipality is becoming increasingly aware of the role of
communities and their organisations in solid waste management. For instance, the local
authorities provides public land for composting activities and provides waste collection
equipment free of charge in some cases. However, there is no legislation recognising the role
of communities and micro-enterprises and there are no formal procedures by which they can
apply for financing solid waste management activities. The municipality and the
implementing agency have discussed the timings and routings for collection to synchronise
primary waste collection with the arrival of the municipal transport vehicle.
6.0 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Sylvaine Bulle (1999) Issues and Results of Community Participation in Urban Environment
Comparative analysis of nine projects on waste management, UWEP Working Document 11,
website: http://www.waste.nl