fa) Cashew nut/Kacang gajus = 95°C Dried bread/Roti kering = 45°C Dried fish’Ikan kering = 50°C (b) (i) 1. The final temperature of the distiled water when the cashew nut is bumt completely is 95°C. Suhu akhir air suling apabila kacang gajus terbakar sepenuhnya ialah 95°C. 2. The final temperature of the distilled water when the dried bread is bumt completely is 45°C Suhu akhir air suling apabila roti kering terbakar sepenuhnya ialah 45°C. (i) 1, Water absorbs heat energy fiom the buming food. The buming of cashew nut releases more heat fenergy. Air menyerap tenaga haba daripada makanan yang dibakar. Pembakaran kacang gajus membebaskan banyak tenaga haba. 2. The buming of dried bread releases less heat energy Pembakaran roti kering membebaskan kurang tenaga haba. (c) Variable Method to handle the variable Pembolehubah Cara mengendali pembolehubah ‘Manipulated variable: The Carry out the experiment by using different food samples type of food sample Menjalankan eksperimen dengan menggunakan sampel makanan berbeza Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan: Jenis sampel makanan Responding variable: The final | Record the final temperature of the distilled water by using a temperature of the distilled thermometer. Calculate the energy value by using the following water, the energy value formula: Variable Method to handle the variable Pembolehubah Cara mengendali pembolehubah Pembolehubah bergerak balas: Mass of water x 4.2 Jg“' °C! x temperature increase Sub akhir air suling, nila Mass of food tenaga Merekod sul akhir air suling dengan menggunakan termometer. Hitung nilai tenaga dengan menggunakan formula berikut: Jisim air x 4.2 3g °C" x kenaikan suhu Jisim makanan Constant variable: The mass | Fix the mass of the food at 2 ¢ of the food sample Tetapkan jisim: makanan iaitu 2 g Pembolehubah dimalarkan: Jisim sampel makanan (d) The cashew nut has a highest final increase in temperature of the distiled water. Kacang gajus mempunyai kenaikan suhu akhir air suling yang paling tinggi.e) Food | Increase in water | Energy sample | temperature (°C) | value (Jg™') Sampet | Kenaikan suhu air | Nilai tenaga makanan | (°C) re) ‘Cashew: nut cand 65 2730 gajus Dried bread 15 630 Roti kering Dried fish Ikan kering at a0) (a) Energy value (ig!) Nilai tenaga (Ig) 3 000- 2 500- 2.000- 1500” 1.000" “|| oi oss 3f gf #2 EF 2 z= 22 38 a: 23 &8 63 6 Food sample ‘Sampel makanan {) Dried bread contains carbohydrate and dried fish contains protein. Both have lower energy values ‘ompared to cashew nut which contains protein and lipid Roti kering mengandungi karbohidrat dan ikan kering mengandungi protein. Kedua-dua jakanan tersebut mengandungi nilai tenaga yang kurang daripada kacang gajus yang mengandungi protein dan lipid. (2) The energy value of food is the heat released by 2 grams of cashew mut to increase the temperature of 20 lof water by 65°C. Nilai tenaga ialah haba yang dibebaskan oleh 2 gram kacang gajus untuk menaikkan suku 20 ml air sebanyak 65°C fh) The energy value should be more than 2 730 Jg~1 because dried coconut kemel contains more lipid than -ashew nut Nilai tenaga lebih tinggi daripada 2.730 Jg-1 kerana isirong kelapa kering mempunyai -andungan lipid yang lebih banyak daripada kacang gajus. i)Carbohydrate | Protein Lipids Karbohidrat Protein Lipid Rice Prawn — | Corn oil Nasi Udang Minyak jagung Sweet potato | Egg white | Butter Ubi keledek | Putih telur | Mentega Fish Tan Problem statement: What i the effect of volume of the water intake on the volume of urine produced by kidney?| ‘ernyataan masalal: Apakah kesan pengambilan isi padu air terhadap isi padu air kencing yang ‘erhasil oleh ginjal? Hypothesis: When the volume of water intake increases, a larger volume of urine will be produced. Hipotesis: Apabila pengambilan isi padu air meningkat, lebih banyak isi padu air kencing yang akan ferhasil. Variables!? embolehubah: Manipulated: The volume of water drunk Dimanipulasikan: Isi padu air yang diminum Responding: The volume of urine produced Bergerak balas: Isi padu air keneing yang terhasil Constant: The same student/same environment Dimalarkan: Murid yang sama‘persekitaran sama Apparatus and materials: Beakers, cup, measuring cylinder, stopwatch, drinking water Radas dan bahan: Bikar, cawan, silinder penyukat, jam randik, air minuman Procedure/Prosedur 1. A student (Sample A) is chosen and instructed to empty his bladder before the start of the experiment Seorang murid (Sampel A) dipilih dan diarahkan untuk mengosongkan pundi kencing \ebelum eksperimen dimulakan, 2. 200 ml of water is measured and poured into a cup 200 ml air disukat dan dituang ke dalam cawan. ‘A student (Sample A) is given 200 mi of drinking water to drink. Murid (Sampel A) diberi 200 ml air minuman untuk diminum. 44, A stopwatch is started immediately after the student has consumed the water. Jam randik dimulakan sejurus selepas murid minum air: During the experiment, the student is kept in one room. Sepanjang eksperimen, murid tersebut diletakkan di dalam sebuah ilk. '6. He is instructed not to eat or perform any vigorous physical activities within that time. Dia diarah supaya tidak makan atau melakukan aktiviti fizikal cergas sepanjang tempoh tersebul. 17. After 30 minutes, he is asked to empty his bladder. Selepas 30 minit, murid tersebut diminta mengosongkan pundi kencingnya. ‘The collected urine is kept in a large beaker. Air kencing yang dikumpulkan disimpan di dalam sebuah bikar besar. The student is asked to empty his bladder at 30-minute intervals for two hours. Murid itu diminta untuk mengosongkan pundi keneingnya pada setiap selang masa 30 minit selama lua jam 10. After two hours, the total volume of collected urine is measured by using a measuring cylinder.Selepas dua jam, jumlah air kencing yang dikumpulkan diukur dengan menggunakan silinder penyukat. 11, Steps 2 ~ 10 are repeated for different volumes of water drunk (400 ml, 600 ml, 800 ml, 1000 ml) Langkah 2 — 10 diulang dengan menggunakan isi padu air minuman yang berbeza (400 mi, 600 mil, 800 ml, 1000 mi. 12, Step 7 is conducted for four consecutive days for a fixed time and place. Langkah 7 dijalankan selama empat hari berturut-turut pada masa dan tempat yang sama. 15. Dispose of the measured urine properly Buang air kencing yang telah disukat dengan betul, 14, Measure and record the data collected into a table. Ukur dan rekod data yang telah dikumpul di dalam jaduat. Presentation of data/Persembahan dater ‘Volume of urine produced (mé) Isi padu air keneing yang dihasilkan (mé) Volume of water intake (mé) Isi padu pengambilan om wy on. eon 1 air (me) I day Hari pertama 2™4 day Hari ke-2 3" day Hari ke-3 4 day Hari ke-4